Unit Packet Table of Contents Notes 1: Magnetism Intro Notes 2: Electromagnets Notes 3: Electromagnetic Induction Guided Practice: Left Hand Rule #3

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2 Unit Packet Table of Contents Notes 1: Magnetism Intro Notes 2: Electromagnets Notes 3: Electromagnetic Induction Guided Practice: Left Hand Rule #3

3 Name Date Notes: Magnetism intro. Regents Physics Objectives: 1. Explain the relationship between charged particles and magnetic phenomena. 2. Define the terms magnet, north pole, south pole, temporary magnet, permanent magnet. 3. Define the term domain, and describe how domains contribute to the magnetic properties of a metal such as iron. 4. State the conventions for drawing magnetic field lines, and draw simple magnetic field configurations. Magnet Terminology Magnetic force -- A force that is based on moving electric charges current flows So any time a charge moves ( ) a magnetic field is produced Natural magnets -- Does my refrigerator door have moving charges??? spin (sort of) o All atoms have electrons that o Atoms of most substances have some electrons spinning in one direction and other electrons opposite directions spinning in so resulting magnetic fields cancel out. Atoms for most elements have no net magnetic field from electron spin because they cancel each other out Atoms for some elements have many electrons with like spin which creates a tiny, atomic magnet o Atoms of elements like have many electrons with that spin in the same direction creating a little o Natural magnets possess magnetic force due to aligned elements that are magnetic. Examples: are the only three Polarity -- Describe the of magnetic fields Magnetic field lines by convention point North pole and South pole spin of electrons Fe, Co and Ni direction of action Fe, Co and Ni atomic magnets out of into

4 Thought Question: If iron, cobalt and nickel are naturally magnetic why do all samples of these elements not exhibit magnetic properties??? Magnetic domains -- Microscopic groups of atoms called have their in the same direction. Most Fe, Co or Ni do not have all aligned in the same direction so the magnetic fields of domains cancel each other out and result in a sample with domains domains randomly no alligned magnetic properties spin alligned Temporary magnet -- When placed in a magnetic field the domains will align and create a. temporary magnet Over time or with severe shock domains will Magnetic Fields & Magnetic Field lines By convention a magnetic field is described as the direction that the of a compass would point in the field. Imaginary lines that map out the magnetic field around a magnet are known as or magnetic. Field lines that are very close together indicate a magnetic field that is while field lines that are far apart indicate a magnetic field By convention magnetic field lines emerge out of the pole of a magnet and enter the south lines of flux pole of the magnet. weaker two poles become random again field lines north north pole very strong All permanent magnets have and it is impossible for a magnet to have only one pole.

5 Sketch magnetic fields for each of the following arrangements of magnets..

6 5. S N S N

7 Name Regents Physics Date Strength of Magnetic Fields Notes: Electromagnets Magnetic field lines or Lines of Flux -- Lines that show the and of a magnetic field closer The lines of flux are to one-another, the the magnetic field is. Magnetic lines of flux always form that one another. Magnetic field lines INSIDE the magnet point away from the and toward the north pole closed paths complete loops Magnetic field lines make direction stronger never cross south pole strength o Draw magnetic field lines on the following bar magnet o Choose a point in the field that you would call a strong magnetic field and label it S o Choose a point in the field that you would call a weak magnetic field and label it W S N S W

8 Electromagnetism Discovered by Hans Oersted current carrying conductor Any produces a magnetic field surrounding it Which way are electrons flowing? + - Left Hand Rule #1 (LHR1) Use your left hand with your thumb pointing in the direction of in the conductor; your fingers will curl in the direction of the magnetic field lines Strength of magnetic field is to the current in the wire and related directly related to the distance from the wire. magnetic field electron flow inversely left hand Cross section of current carrying wire with magnetic lines of flux Current = 2 amp Cross section of current carrying wire with magnetic lines of flux Current = 1 amps X X

9 Magnetic field surrounding a current carrying conductor Remember that a current flowing through a conductor has a magnetic field surrounding it. magnetic field NOTE: This is standard notation for magnetic field or current into or out of a page. x = into the page at 90 = out of the page at 90 (think of the dot as a letter o and out starts with o. Solenoid -- (AKA Electromagnet) coil of wire magnetic field current A with flowing through it. Produces a similar to one produced by a bar magnet. Factors that affect the strength of a magnetic field produced by a solenoid. larger stronger more coils stronger A solenoid may have the coils wrapped around a. core magnetized permeability stronger A solenoid with a current will produce a magnetic field. A solenoid with will produce a magnetic field o A core made of a material that can be is known as having greater o A core with greater permeability will produce a magnet. o E.g. a solenoid wrapped around a will produce a stronger magnet than one wrapped pencil around a steel nail

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11 Name Date Notes: Induced currents Regents Physics Objectives: 1. Describe the conditions under which a current carrying conductor will experience a force in a magnetic field. 2. State the factors that influence the strength of the force. 3. Describe how a potential difference may be induced across a conductor moving in a magnetic field. Forces on a current carrier in a magnetic field S N Since the conductor has a flowing through it, it has a surrounding it. force current I (amps) conductor magnetic field This results in a acting on the by the permanent magnetic field. Magnitude of force on the conductor: magnetic field current length of conductor A larger results in a larger force A greater results in a larger force. The greater the in the field the greater the force is.

12 Magnetic forces acting on a moving charge When a charged particle moves through a magnetic field there is a that acts on the charged particle. opposite direction Positive particles experience a force in to negative particles Shows the direction of magnetic field lines (out of the page) force + e Is there a force acting on the particles? What direction? Sketch the path of the particles. Electromagnetic Induction Consider the electrons in a straight conductor moving through a magnetic field. e Is there a force acting on the electron? What direction? confined to the conductor flow of electrons in the direction of the force. work is being done Since the electrons are, the force results in a Since to move the electrons in the wire a is induced across the ends of the wire. The potential difference in the wire is related to the, wire length, potential difference strength of the mag. field velocity of the wire

13 TTQ s: Magnetism

14 TTQ s: Magnetism

15 TTQ s: Magnetism

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