MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
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1 MSSCHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences nalysis and Design of Digital Integrated Circuits (6.374) - Fall 2003 Quiz #1 Prof. nantha Chandrakasan Student Name: Problem 1 (30 Points): Problem 2 (24 Points): Problem 3 (18 Points): Problem 4 (28 Points): Total (100 Points): Use the following device parameters unless otherwise specified: Parameter NMOS PMOS V T0 0.4 V -0.4V K = µ C ox 75 µ/v 2-25 µ/v 2 V DST 0.5V -0.75V γ 0.3V 1/2-0.3V 1/2 2ϕ 0.6V 0.6V λ 0 0 lso assume that all NMOS device bulks are connected to 0V and PMOS well terminals are connected to. STTE NY SSUMPTIONS YOU MKE IN SOLVING PROLEMS and SHOW YOUR WORK. Points might be taken off if you don t explain how you arrived at your answer. There are 13 pages in total 1 of 13
2 Problem 1: Driver Circuit: Consider the following circuit driving a capacitive load of 1pF. = 2.5V M 2 In Out C L = 1pF M Vlow = 1V (a) ssuming that In swings from rail-to-rail (0 to 2.5V), what is the swing on the node Out? (2 points) (b) t the switching threshold V M = 1.75V, what is the mode of operation for M 1 and M 2. Show your work (4 points) 2 of 13
3 (c) ssuming (W/L) 2 = 25µm/0.25µm, determine (W/L) 1 such that V M = 1.75V. (6 points) 3 of 13
4 (d) ssuming (W/L) 2 = 25µm/0.25µm, determine the low-to-high propagation delay using the method of equivalent RC. ssume that the input switches from 2.5V to 0V with a zero fall time (8 points) 4 of 13
5 (e) ssuming that the input switches at a clock frequency of 100MHz with a swing of 0 to (with zero rise and fall times) what is the average power dissipation of this circuit? Show your work (10 points). 5 of 13
6 Problem 2: Pass Transistor Logic (a) Consider the following circuit implemented using NMOS and PMOS pass transistors. ssume that the inputs and their complements (,,, ) swing rail-to-rail (0 to ). What is the function implemented by the two circuits. (6 points) Y in0 in0 out1 in1 out2 in1 Y Z =2.5 Y = =2.5 Z Z = (b) ssuming that the primary inputs (,, C, D) and their complements are have rail-to-rail swing (0 to ), what is the voltage swing on outputs Y and Z? (4 points) C C D D in0 in0 out1 in1 out2 in1 in0 in0 out1 in1 out2 in1 in0 in0 out1 Y in1 in1 out2 Z 6 of 13
7 (c) Using the same style of logic in part 2(a) (i.e., using NMOS, PMOS pass transistors connected to signal or / GND), create the minimal transistor implementation of the OR/NOR function. Your implementation should have the same swing as the circuits in 2(a) (6 points) 7 of 13
8 Consider the following cross-coupled complementary pass-gate logic = 2.5V = 2.5V M p1 Y M p2 Y M 1 M 2 M 3 M 4 (d) What is the logic function Y implemented by the above gate? What is the voltage swing on nodes Y and Y? (4 points) (e) ssume that,,, are from ideal voltage sources and have a rail-to-rail swing (0 to ). lso assume (just for this part) that there is no body effect (γ = 0) and ignore sub-threshold conduction. Is this a ratioed circuit? Explain. (4 points). 8 of 13
9 Problem 3: Dynamic Logic (a) Complete the circuit schematic of the DCVSL gate below (6 points) Out CLK M p1 M p2 CLK Out D C CLK (b) What is the function of M p1 and M p2? Is this a ratioed circuit? (4 points) 9 of 13
10 (c) Consider the following function Y= + + C implemented using a cascade of two 2-input DOMINO OR gates. ssume that p (=1) = 0.1, p (=1) = 0.2, p (C=1) = 0.5. Determine the order of inputs to minimize power dissipation (show numerical analysis). Explain. Fill in the empty boxes with the appropriate inputs. (8 points) 10 of 13
11 Problem 4: Multiple Threshold CMOS Circuits: This problem explores issues related to leakage in MTCMOS circuits. Just for this problem, assume that the low threshold NMOS and PMOS devices have the following device properties (ignore DIL). ll low-v T and high-v T devices are 1µm/0.25µm. Parameter NMOS PMOS V Tlow 0.3V -0.3V V Thigh 0.5V -0.5V I o for a 1µm/0.25µm Device (Drain current when V GS =V T ) 1µ 1µ S (Sub-threshold slope) 100mV/Decade 100mV/Decade Consider the circuit shown below (low threshold devices are shaded). =2.5V M5 M4 M12 SLEEP M3 M10 M9 M8 M11 Out M2 M1 SLEEP M7 M6 (a) During active mode (SLEEP = 0), provide the logic function for Out (4 points) 11 of 13
12 (b) ssuming SLEEP = 0 (ctive mode), compute the total leakage when =0, =0? numerical result is expected. Draw all the contributing leakage paths on the figure below (10 points) =2.5V =0 SLEEP M5 M4 M3 M10 M9 M8 M12 M11 Out =0 M2 M1 SLEEP M7 M6 12 of 13
13 (c) ssuming SLEEP = 1 (Sleep mode) and =0, =1. In the Sleep mode, ideally, the leakage should be small and be set by high-threshold devices. Unfortunately, this is not always the case for distributed sleep devices as shown below. Identify (but do not compute) any leakage path(s) from to ground which are determined by low-threshold devices (i.e., not cut-off by high-threshold devices). (8 points) =2.5V = 0 SLEEP M5 M4 M3 M10 M9 M8 M12 M11 Out =1 M2 M1 SLEEP M7 M6 x (d) For the same assumption of part (c), what do you expect the leakage through device M9 to be: (1) 10p (2) 1n (3) >> 1n riefly explain why (6 points) 13 of 13
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