Welcome to PHYS-131 Physics-I with Algebra. Please turn off your cell phones

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1 Welcome to PHYS-131 Physics-I with Algebra Please turn off your cell phones

2 TARIQ H. GILANI PhD Kyoto University, Japan (1997) ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR since 2002 Office: R 236 (Caputo) Ph tariq.gilani@millersville.edu Text: Physics, 10th Edition, Cutnell and Johnson. Registration for WileyPlus: Please see the syllabus for detail how to register Lab Notebook: Bound Lab Notebook, quad ruled, (9.75 x 7.5 ). Please bring this lab notebook to your first meeting. A scientific calculator.

3 Syllabus and Other Information Registering for WileyPlus: Please use the following link to register with WileyPlus. Course ID number is All Home Work Assignments will be on WileyPlus

4 PHYS 131 Lectures Labs Recitations During the lectures, I will explain the concepts and do sample calculations to show how to apply these concepts. Recitations Labs I will not cover everything in the text during lecture; this does not relieve you of learning the omitted material. Assumption will be that you have read the relevant sections prior to class. The lectures may contain additional information that is not in the book; you are responsible for these information as well. To be clear, you will be responsible for all the material discussed in class. Concepts not covered in class will not appear on the tests.

5 Exams and Grading Two in-class exams (20% each) 40% Attendance 5 % (including recitations) HW Assignments 10% Labs: 20% Final Exam 25 % Each Lab must be satisfactorily completed to pass this course

6 Tips for making the course easier Don t skip class. Listening always helps. Read the book. Don t delay looking at your class notes. If you get confused, don t give up. You need to learn how to sort through complicated issues to organize the main ideas. Do your homework. Never skip the recitation. Study with a friend, form a study group so that you can ask each other questions. Practice, practice & practice: Use given formula sheet to practice problems. Always ask for help/question Easier way to fail: Skip classes Fail Lab Don t do Homework

7 1.1 The Nature of Physics Physics --- What is Physics? Study of basic nature of matter and the interactions that govern the behavior. Observing and understanding Physical world --- Physics is most basic of all sciences. It predicts how nature will behave in particular situation on the basis of experiments. Space Science Transportation Industry Electronics and Computer Science Medical Equipment Physics tells us the rules of the universe. To enjoy more!!

8 1.2 Units Measurements and Units Experiments involve the measurements of quantities Measurements must be accurate, precise and reproducible First step --- defining units Research needs communication among international researchers Common Language --- System of Units Systems of units SI CGS BE SI is most widely used Length, Mass and Time Along with few more are base Their units are basic units All other units are derived

9 1.2 Units Length MKS (SI) CGS BE Meter (m) centimeter (cm) foot (ft) Mass Time Kilogram (Kg) gram (g) Slug (Sl) Second (s) Second (s) Second (s) Metric Units Length meters (mm, cm, km, ) Mass Kilograms (mg, cg, g, ) Time seconds (ns, ms, ) Main Advantage Conversion within the system is quite easy 1 Kg = 1000 g 1 m = 100 cm MKS and CGS are both Metric Systems

10 1.2 Units English System Metric system SI System (International system): Three basic units of measurements Length or distance Meter (m) Mass Time Kilogram (kg) Second (s) SI System or MKS system

11 1.2 Units Main Advantage of Metric System Conversion within the system is quite easy Power of 10 Example: 100,000 = 10 5 and = = Million = Micro = 10-6 and so on To multiply = = 10-2 To divide The universe is only seconds old A Million Trillion seconds = s 10 2 /10 6 = = 10 5 /10-7 = =

12 1.2 Units Commonly used Metric Prefixes Prefix Figure Scientific Words Notation giga = 1000,000,000 = 10 9 = 1 billion mega = 1000,000 = 10 6 = 1 million kilo = 1000 = 10 3 = 1 thousand centi = 1/100 = 0.01 = 10-2 = 1 hundredth milli = 1/1000 = = 10-3 = 1 thousandth micro = 1/1000,000 = 10-6 = 1 millionth nano = 1/1000,000,000 = 10-9 = 1 billionth

13 1.3 The Role of Units in Problem Solving Example 1 The World s Highest Waterfall The highest waterfall in the world is Angel Falls in Venezuela, with a total drop of m. Express this drop in feet. Since feet = 1 meter, it follows that (3.281 feet)/(1 meter) = feet Length = = 1meter ( meters) 3212 feet In all calculations, write down the units explicitly. Treat all units as algebraic quantities. Use the conversion factors located on the page facing the inside cover of your text-book. Remember multiplying or dividing by 1 does not change equation.

14 1.3 The Role of Units in Problem Solving Example 2 Interstate Speed Limit Express the speed limit of 65 miles/hour in terms of meters/second. Use 5280 feet = 1 mile and 3600 seconds = 1 hour and feet = 1 meter. miles miles 5280 feet 1hour Speed = 65 ( 1)( 1) = 65 = hour hour mile 3600 s 95 feet second feet feet 1meter Speed = 95 ( 1) = 95 = second second 3.281feet 29 meters second

15 1.3 The Role of Units in Problem Solving Whatever system of units you use --- be consistent Can not mix ---- length in ft and mass in kg NASA s Mars climate orbiter became a victim of confusion. Cost US$125 million A quantity is always expressed by a number and its units (if it has) Distance --- units of length Speed in units of length divided by units of time Dimension of speed = Dimension Analysis Dimension of Length Dimension of Time First check of mathematical relation Dimensions S = L T Mathematical relation must have same dimensions on both side of the equation

16 1.3 The Role of Units in Problem Solving Dimension Analysis Example Dimensions L H S X = ½ v t 2 R H S X is distance v is speed t is time L L T T 2 = L T Relation is wrong X = ½ v t has the right dimensions

17 1.4 Trigonometry Trigonometry Basic Relations Sinθ = h o h ha Cosθ = h h Tan θ = h o a θ Adjacent h a opposite h o Pythagorean theorem: h 2 = h o 2 + h a 2

18 1.4 Trigonometry Find height of building = tanθ h h o a h = tanθ o h a h o ( 67.2m) 80.1m = tan 50.0 =

19 Summary Units ---- SI System (length m, Mass Kg and Time s). Dimensions --- First check of Mathematical relation. Trigonometry --- Cosine, Sine and Tangent functions. --- Pythagorean Theorem Related Problems P: 4, 5, 7, 10 and 17 HW Assignment#1 is posted on WileyPlus and is due by Sunday midnight Don t forget reading Assignment for Wednesday Now you can turn on your cell phones

Welcome to Physics-131 Physics-I

Welcome to Physics-131 Physics-I TARIQ H. GILANI ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR MILLERSVILLE UNIV. ASSISTANT PROF (2002). PENN STATE UNIVERSITY STATE COLLEGE, PA (2000) ----- POST DOC. JOHN CARROLL UNIVERSITY CLEVELAND,