(Semi)Classical thermionic emission
|
|
|
- Regina Barton
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Tunnling - primr Nno oftn pprs in rl tchnology in th form of thin lyrs or brrirs. W r going to look t svrl wys lctrons cn trnsport ovr or through ths brrirs undr vrious conditions. Thrmionic mission clssicl ovr-brrir Pool-Frnkl bhvior hopping out of tiltd potntil wlls Tunnling, rctngulr brrir simpl quntum problm Tunnling, gnric brrir Fowlr-Nordhim tunnling tringulr brrir - fild mission Rsonnt tunnling
2 SmiClssicl thrmionic mission E φ b smiconductor, voltg 0. mtl, voltg V V bi Distribution of incidnt prticl nrgis. Thos with high nough nrgy cn mk it ovr clssicl brrir. Nt currnt dnsity J s-m J m-s
3 Thrmionic mission: pplictions Thrmionic mission oftn govrns: Elctron injction into smiconductors from mtls. Emission of lctrons from hot mtrils into vcuum th filmnt in vry cthod ry tub, ion gug, tc. Prtly rsponsibl for mission in thrml fild mission sourcs lctron microscopy.
4 Thrmionic mission: clcultion smiconductor to mtl: dn E ν d E f E, T de 3 Assum high T nondgnrt 1/ 4 m π * E Ec xp E Ec Vn / kt de 3 h Rwrit in trms of vlocitis smiclssicl pictur: 3 m* V m* v n xp xp 4 v dv h π kt kt Add up currnt hding towrd brrir, knowing tht minimum vlocity to gt ovr brrir t bis V is: 1 m* v0, x Vbi V
5 Thrmionic mission: clcultion Rsult is, skipping som lgbr, J sm πm k 3 h T xp k 4 * φ T xp V k T A *, Richrdson constnt. Hding th othr dirction, on finds J Nt rsult: ms A T * xp φ kt J tot φ xp V A * T xp 1 kt kt
6 Thrmionic mission: dtils J tot φ xp V A * T xp 1 kt kt Tmprtur dpndnc is strong. Exponntil voltg dpndnc t high bis. Othr prturbing ffcts som tunnling contribution, for xmpl cn cus msurd A * vlu to dvit from thory prdiction. siclly just clssicl sttisticl mchnics ffct.
7 Strongly disordrd systms In strongly disordrd systms, th loch wv pictur brks down. Wvfunctions r loclid, dcying xponntilly wy from trp sits potntil wlls. Conduction is du to hopping from loclid sit to loclid sit. Hopping cn b thrmlly ctivtd though it cn lso b du to tunnling. Applying lrg lctric fild cn ffct thrml hopping rts:
8 Pool-Frnkl bhvior Lowring of hopping brrirs in lrg lctric filds is clld Pool-Frnkl bhvior. Assum potntil wll is lctrosttic: V r 4πεε0r Potntil mximum occurs whn xtrnl fild nd trp fild blnc: 4πεε r 0 mx F r mx Amount brrir potntil is lowrd: 4 πεε0f 1/ Fr mx 4πεε F 0 1/
9 Pool-Frnkl bhvior If hopping rt is ctivtd, σ ~ xp[ U 0 / kt ] Lowring of brrir mns σ ~ xp[ 3 F / 4πεε 0 1/ / k T ] Scling of conductnc with T nd F l this is th signtur of Pool-Frnkl bhvior. Prvlnt in orgnic smiconductors, morphous Si, tc.
10 Tunnling through rctngulr brrir A - * E V m ff φ φ m φ φ 1, * continuous. G F D C A > < < < φ F G Do cs whr E < V 0.
11 Tunnling through rctngulr brrir Applying boundry conditions, ] [ ] [ D C A D C A ] [ ] [ G F D C G F D C D C A G F D C
12 Tunnling through rctngulr brrir Combining, on gts G F M M M M A whr lmnts com from multiplying mtrics on prv. slid. Incidnt flux: * m k A f inc trnsmittd flux: * m k F f trn Trnsmission cofficint: sinh M A F f f E T k k inc trn Limit of wid brrir: / * 4 E V m k k E T
13 Tunnling through rctngulr brrir Rflction cofficint 1 - T, unsurprisingly. Cn lso do cs whr E > V 0 : 1 T E ' 1 whr k' m * E V0 k k sin k' kk ' Combind pictur: img from Frry
14 Tunnling through gnric brrir: th WK pproximtion clssiclly forbiddn x 1 x dfin locl ffctiv wv vctor - imginry in clssiclly forbiddn rgion. T E x xp x1 { m V x E } 1/ dx * vlid whn turning points r fr prt mny wvlngths. vlid whn Vx vris slowly comprd to wvlngth.
15 Rlistic tunnling probbilitis As w sw from rctngulr brrir cs, tunnling only occurs with significnt probbility t vry short lngth scls vry nrrow brrirs. Tunnling is xponntilly supprssd with brrir width. Fctoid: mtl-mtl tunnling currnt in vcuum or ir dcys with distnc roughly l 1 ordr of mgnitud pr Angstrom!. On of your homwork problms: wht is th probbility of Volkswgon tl tunnling through spd bump?
16 A tringulr brrir: Fowlr-Nordhim tunnling Cn pull brrir down by pplying lctric fild. Fowlr-Nordhim limit: brrir gts thin nough to llow tunnling. E F φ b -Fx Anlyticl xprssion cn b obtind using WK, s long s brrir dosn t gt too thin: V x E φ Fx T E xp xp 4 3 φ / F 0 1/ m* F { m φ Fx } * φ 3/ 1/ dx
17 Doubl brrirs A F A F G G W cn sily considr th cs of two brrirs in row. This cs gts prticulrly intrsting if th brrirs r sufficintly clos tht thr r bound stts in th spc btwn th brrirs tht hv nrgis clos to thos of incidnt lctrons. Mtrix-wis, w know w cn combin th two singl-brrir problms.
18 Doubl brrirs F G F G A A b 0 - Nd to rlt phss of A, to F, G: b b G F A ', ' Dfin trnsfr mtrix: ' ' ' ' 0 0 A A G F W b b M Combind systm: ' ' G F A R W L M M M whr th M L nd M R r mtrics for ch brrir individully.
19 Rsonnt tunnling Writ th combind mtrix s M tot M L M W M R, nd writ th mtrix lmnts s mgnitud nd phs. Finl rsult: T tot 1 T1 E M T1 4R1 cos kb θ tot11 k θ rctn tnh k k Trnsmission through th whol structur hs rsonncs! Ths corrspond to css whn th nrgy of th incidnt prticl coincids with bound stt nrgis of th wll. Incidnt rflctd wvs intrfr constructivly in wll! At rsonnc, T tot 1. Minimum trnsmission: T tot ~ T 1 /4.
20 Rsonnt tunnling Wht bout symmtric cs? Rlvnt t finit bis: Expct to s pk in trnsmission whn bis tilt ligns bound lvl with sourc or drin nrgy lvls. At highr bis, xpct trnsmission to drop gin s rsonnc condition vnishs. Prdicts NDR!
21 Rsonnt tunnling Algbr gts bit mssy. img from Frry
22 Rsonnt tunnling diod Finl rsult: T tot E 1 R R 1 T T 1 4 R R 1 cos Φ Φ θ k b 1 L1 θ R1 θ L 11 θ R11 Agin, t rsonnc Off rsonnc 4T1 T T rs 1 for T T T 1 T. 1 T off T T 1 4
23 Rsonnt tunnling diod Dos this ctully work? GAs RTD, AlGAs brrirs, b 5 nm. img from Frry
24 A vry subtl qustion A philosophy qustion worth pondring, vn though it s not dirctly grmn to th cours: How long dos th tunnling procss tk? Tht is, for prticls tht succssfully trvrs brrir, how long r thy in th clssiclly forbiddn rgion? Considr incidnt Gussin wvpckt trnsmittd Gussin wvpckt. Surprising nswr: msuring positions of pks of wvpckt, tunnling vlocity cn grtly xcd c! For mor informtion, rd Lndur nd Mrtin, RMP 66,
25 To summri: Thrmionic mission clssicl thrml ovr-brrir Pool-Frnkl fild-ssistd clssicl thrml hopping Singl-brrir tunnling is strightforwrd. Gnric brrirs: WK pproximtion Fowlr-Nordhim fild-ssistd tunnling Doubl brrirs: must ccount for intrfrnc Rsult: rsonnt tunnling diods w/ NDR Nontrivil intrprttion issus ssocitd with tunnling!
26 Nxt tim: Scttring mtrics Lndur-uttr formlism - conductnc s trnsmission.
(Semi)Classical thermionic emission
unnling - primr Nno oftn pprs in rl tchnology in th form of thin lyrs or brrirs. W r going to look t svrl wys lctrons cn trnsport ovr or through ths brrirs undr vrious conditions. hrmionic mission (clssicl
Ch 1.2: Solutions of Some Differential Equations
Ch 1.2: Solutions of Som Diffrntil Equtions Rcll th fr fll nd owl/mic diffrntil qutions: v 9.8.2v, p.5 p 45 Ths qutions hv th gnrl form y' = y - b W cn us mthods of clculus to solv diffrntil qutions of
Lecture contents. Bloch theorem k-vector Brillouin zone Almost free-electron model Bands Effective mass Holes. NNSE 508 EM Lecture #9
Lctur contnts Bloch thorm -vctor Brillouin zon Almost fr-lctron modl Bnds ffctiv mss Hols Trnsltionl symmtry: Bloch thorm On-lctron Schrödingr qution ch stt cn ccommo up to lctrons: If Vr is priodic function:
Lecture 11 Waves in Periodic Potentials Today: Questions you should be able to address after today s lecture:
Lctur 11 Wvs in Priodic Potntils Tody: 1. Invrs lttic dfinition in 1D.. rphicl rprsnttion of priodic nd -priodic functions using th -xis nd invrs lttic vctors. 3. Sris solutions to th priodic potntil Hmiltonin
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY HAYSTACK OBSERVATORY WESTFORD, MASSACHUSETTS
VSRT MEMO #05 MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY HAYSTACK OBSERVATORY WESTFORD, MASSACHUSETTS 01886 Fbrury 3, 009 Tlphon: 781-981-507 Fx: 781-981-0590 To: VSRT Group From: Aln E.E. Rogrs Subjct: Simplifid
I. The Connection between Spectroscopy and Quantum Mechanics
I. Th Connction twn Spctroscopy nd Quntum Mchnics On of th postults of quntum mchnics: Th stt of systm is fully dscrid y its wvfunction, Ψ( r1, r,..., t) whr r 1, r, tc. r th coordints of th constitunt
Multi-Section Coupled Line Couplers
/0/009 MultiSction Coupld Lin Couplrs /8 Multi-Sction Coupld Lin Couplrs W cn dd multipl coupld lins in sris to incrs couplr ndwidth. Figur 7.5 (p. 6) An N-sction coupld lin l W typiclly dsign th couplr
KOHN LUTTINGER SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN GRAPHENE
KOHN LUTTINGER SUPERCONDUCTIITY IN GRAPHENE J. Gonzálz Instituto d Estructur d l Mtri, CSIC, Spin Is it possibl to hv suprconducting instbility in grphn (by suitbl doping)? Thr hv bn lrdy svrl proposls
Week 7: Ch. 11 Semiconductor diodes
Wk 7: Ch. 11 Smiconductor diods Principls o Scintilltion Countrs Smiconductor Diods bsics o smiconductors pur lmnts & dopnts 53 Mtrils ion collction, lkg currnt diod structur, pn, np junctions dpltion
2. Laser physics - basics
. Lasr physics - basics Spontanous and stimulatd procsss Einstin A and B cofficints Rat quation analysis Gain saturation What is a lasr? LASER: Light Amplification by Stimulatd Emission of Radiation "light"
Lecture 6 Thermionic Engines
Ltur 6 hrmioni ngins Rviw Rihrdson formul hrmioni ngins Shotty brrir nd diod pn juntion nd diod disussion.997 Copyright Gng Chn, MI For.997 Dirt Solr/hrml to ltril nrgy Convrsion WARR M. ROHSOW HA AD MASS
Chapter 16. 1) is a particular point on the graph of the function. 1. y, where x y 1
Prctic qustions W now tht th prmtr p is dirctl rltd to th mplitud; thrfor, w cn find tht p. cos d [ sin ] sin sin Not: Evn though ou might not now how to find th prmtr in prt, it is lws dvisl to procd
orbiting electron turns out to be wrong even though it Unfortunately, the classical visualization of the
Lctur 22-1 Byond Bohr Modl Unfortunatly, th classical visualization of th orbiting lctron turns out to b wrong vn though it still givs us a simpl way to think of th atom. Quantum Mchanics is ndd to truly
Lecture 12 Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) WS2010/11: Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics
Lctur Quntum chromodynmics (QCD) WS/: Introduction to Nuclr nd Prticl Physics QCD Quntum chromodynmics (QCD) is thory of th strong intrction - bsd on color forc, fundmntl forc dscribing th intrctions of
The van der Waals interaction 1 D. E. Soper 2 University of Oregon 20 April 2012
Th van dr Waals intraction D. E. Sopr 2 Univrsity of Orgon 20 pril 202 Th van dr Waals intraction is discussd in Chaptr 5 of J. J. Sakurai, Modrn Quantum Mchanics. Hr I tak a look at it in a littl mor
The pn junction: 2 Current vs Voltage (IV) characteristics
Th pn junction: Currnt vs Voltag (V) charactristics Considr a pn junction in quilibrium with no applid xtrnal voltag: o th V E F E F V p-typ Dpltion rgion n-typ Elctron movmnt across th junction: 1. n
Theoretical Study on the While Drilling Electromagnetic Signal Transmission of Horizontal Well
7 nd ntrntionl Confrnc on Softwr, Multimdi nd Communiction Enginring (SMCE 7) SBN: 978--6595-458-5 Thorticl Study on th Whil Drilling Elctromgntic Signl Trnsmission of Horizontl Wll Y-huo FAN,,*, Zi-ping
Instructions for Section 1
Instructions for Sction 1 Choos th rspons tht is corrct for th qustion. A corrct nswr scors 1, n incorrct nswr scors 0. Mrks will not b dductd for incorrct nswrs. You should ttmpt vry qustion. No mrks
However, many atoms can combine to form particular molecules, e.g. Chlorine (Cl) and Sodium (Na) atoms form NaCl molecules.
Lctur 6 Titl: Fundmntls of th Quntum Thory of molcul formtion Pg- In th lst modul, w hv discussd out th tomic structur nd tomic physics to undrstnd th spctrum of toms. Howvr, mny toms cn comin to form
Module 8 Non equilibrium Thermodynamics
Modul 8 Non quilibrium hrmodynamics ctur 8.1 Basic Postulats NON-EQUIIRIBIUM HERMODYNAMICS Stady Stat procsss. (Stationary) Concpt of ocal thrmodynamic qlbm Extnsiv proprty Hat conducting bar dfin proprtis
The Angular Momenta Dipole Moments and Gyromagnetic Ratios of the Electron and the Proton
Journl of Modrn hysics, 014, 5, 154-157 ublishd Onlin August 014 in SciRs. htt://www.scir.org/journl/jm htt://dx.doi.org/.436/jm.014.51415 Th Angulr Momnt Diol Momnts nd Gyromgntic Rtios of th Elctron
Integration Continued. Integration by Parts Solving Definite Integrals: Area Under a Curve Improper Integrals
Intgrtion Continud Intgrtion y Prts Solving Dinit Intgrls: Ar Undr Curv Impropr Intgrls Intgrtion y Prts Prticulrly usul whn you r trying to tk th intgrl o som unction tht is th product o n lgric prssion
The Theory of Small Reflections
Jim Stils Th Univ. of Knss Dt. of EECS 4//9 Th Thory of Smll Rflctions /9 Th Thory of Smll Rflctions Rcll tht w nlyzd qurtr-wv trnsformr usg th multil rflction viw ot. V ( z) = + β ( z + ) V ( z) = = R
TOPIC 5: INTEGRATION
TOPIC 5: INTEGRATION. Th indfinit intgrl In mny rspcts, th oprtion of intgrtion tht w r studying hr is th invrs oprtion of drivtion. Dfinition.. Th function F is n ntidrivtiv (or primitiv) of th function
Exam 1. It is important that you clearly show your work and mark the final answer clearly, closed book, closed notes, no calculator.
Exam N a m : _ S O L U T I O N P U I D : I n s t r u c t i o n s : It is important that you clarly show your work and mark th final answr clarly, closd book, closd nots, no calculator. T i m : h o u r
INTEGRALS. Chapter 7. d dx. 7.1 Overview Let d dx F (x) = f (x). Then, we write f ( x)
Chptr 7 INTEGRALS 7. Ovrviw 7.. Lt d d F () f (). Thn, w writ f ( ) d F () + C. Ths intgrls r clld indfinit intgrls or gnrl intgrls, C is clld constnt of intgrtion. All ths intgrls diffr y constnt. 7..
On the Hamiltonian of a Multi-Electron Atom
On th Hamiltonian of a Multi-Elctron Atom Austn Gronr Drxl Univrsity Philadlphia, PA Octobr 29, 2010 1 Introduction In this papr, w will xhibit th procss of achiving th Hamiltonian for an lctron gas. Making
Coupled Pendulums. Two normal modes.
Tim Dpndnt Two Stat Problm Coupld Pndulums Wak spring Two normal mods. No friction. No air rsistanc. Prfct Spring Start Swinging Som tim latr - swings with full amplitud. stationary M +n L M +m Elctron
High Energy Physics. Lecture 5 The Passage of Particles through Matter
High Enrgy Physics Lctur 5 Th Passag of Particls through Mattr 1 Introduction In prvious lcturs w hav sn xampls of tracks lft by chargd particls in passing through mattr. Such tracks provid som of th most
Constants and Conversions:
EXAM INFORMATION Radial Distribution Function: P 2 ( r) RDF( r) Br R( r ) 2, B is th normalization constant. Ordr of Orbital Enrgis: Homonuclar Diatomic Molculs * * * * g1s u1s g 2s u 2s u 2 p g 2 p g
Quantum Mechanics & Spectroscopy Prof. Jason Goodpaster. Problem Set #2 ANSWER KEY (5 questions, 10 points)
Chm 5 Problm St # ANSWER KEY 5 qustios, poits Qutum Mchics & Spctroscopy Prof. Jso Goodpstr Du ridy, b. 6 S th lst pgs for possibly usful costts, qutios d itgrls. Ths will lso b icludd o our futur ms..
Linear Algebra Existence of the determinant. Expansion according to a row.
Lir Algbr 2270 1 Existc of th dtrmit. Expsio ccordig to row. W dfi th dtrmit for 1 1 mtrics s dt([]) = (1) It is sy chck tht it stisfis D1)-D3). For y othr w dfi th dtrmit s follows. Assumig th dtrmit
Walk Like a Mathematician Learning Task:
Gori Dprtmnt of Euction Wlk Lik Mthmticin Lrnin Tsk: Mtrics llow us to prform mny usful mthmticl tsks which orinrily rquir lr numbr of computtions. Som typs of problms which cn b on fficintly with mtrics
Atomic energy levels. Announcements:
Atomic nrgy lvls Announcmnts: Exam solutions ar postd. Problm solving sssions ar M3-5 and Tusday 1-3 in G-140. Will nd arly and hand back your Midtrm Exam at nd of class. http://www.colorado.du/physics/phys2170/
Brief Introduction to Statistical Mechanics
Brif Introduction to Statistical Mchanics. Purpos: Ths nots ar intndd to provid a vry quick introduction to Statistical Mchanics. Th fild is of cours far mor vast than could b containd in ths fw pags.
Last time: introduced our first computational model the DFA.
Lctur 7 Homwork #7: 2.2.1, 2.2.2, 2.2.3 (hnd in c nd d), Misc: Givn: M, NFA Prov: (q,xy) * (p,y) iff (q,x) * (p,) (follow proof don in clss tody) Lst tim: introducd our first computtionl modl th DFA. Tody
Ch. 24 Molecular Reaction Dynamics 1. Collision Theory
Ch. 4 Molcular Raction Dynamics 1. Collision Thory Lctur 16. Diffusion-Controlld Raction 3. Th Matrial Balanc Equation 4. Transition Stat Thory: Th Eyring Equation 5. Transition Stat Thory: Thrmodynamic
Oppgavesett kap. 6 (1 av..)
Oppgvstt kp. 6 (1 v..) hns.brnn@go.uio.no Problm 1 () Wht is homognous nucltion? Why dos Figur 6.2 in th book show tht w won't gt homognous nucltion in th tmosphr? ˆ Homognous nucltion crts cloud droplts
Section 3: Antiderivatives of Formulas
Chptr Th Intgrl Appli Clculus 96 Sction : Antirivtivs of Formuls Now w cn put th is of rs n ntirivtivs togthr to gt wy of vluting finit intgrls tht is ct n oftn sy. To vlut finit intgrl f(t) t, w cn fin
This Week. Computer Graphics. Introduction. Introduction. Graphics Maths by Example. Graphics Maths by Example
This Wk Computr Grphics Vctors nd Oprtions Vctor Arithmtic Gomtric Concpts Points, Lins nd Plns Eploiting Dot Products CSC 470 Computr Grphics 1 CSC 470 Computr Grphics 2 Introduction Introduction Wh do
Elliptical motion, gravity, etc
FW Physics 130 G:\130 lctur\ch 13 Elliticl motion.docx g 1 of 7 11/3/010; 6:40 PM; Lst rintd 11/3/010 6:40:00 PM Fig. 1 Elliticl motion, grvity, tc minor xis mjor xis F 1 =A F =B C - D, mjor nd minor xs
Collisions between electrons and ions
DRAFT 1 Collisions btwn lctrons and ions Flix I. Parra Rudolf Pirls Cntr for Thortical Physics, Unirsity of Oxford, Oxford OX1 NP, UK This rsion is of 8 May 217 1. Introduction Th Fokkr-Planck collision
Chem 104A, Fall 2016, Midterm 1 Key
hm 104A, ll 2016, Mitrm 1 Ky 1) onstruct microstt tl for p 4 configurtion. Pls numrt th ms n ml for ch lctron in ch microstt in th tl. (Us th formt ml m s. Tht is spin -½ lctron in n s oritl woul writtn
ME 522 PRINCIPLES OF ROBOTICS. FIRST MIDTERM EXAMINATION April 19, M. Kemal Özgören
ME 522 PINCIPLES OF OBOTICS FIST MIDTEM EXAMINATION April 9, 202 Nm Lst Nm M. Kml Özgörn 2 4 60 40 40 0 80 250 USEFUL FOMULAS cos( ) cos cos sin sin sin( ) sin cos cos sin sin y/ r, cos x/ r, r 0 tn 2(
Why is a E&M nature of light not sufficient to explain experiments?
1 Th wird world of photons Why is a E&M natur of light not sufficint to xplain xprimnts? Do photons xist? Som quantum proprtis of photons 2 Black body radiation Stfan s law: Enrgy/ ara/ tim = Win s displacmnt
Lecture Outline. Skin Depth Power Flow 8/7/2018. EE 4347 Applied Electromagnetics. Topic 3e
8/7/018 Cours Instructor Dr. Raymond C. Rumpf Offic: A 337 Phon: (915) 747 6958 E Mail: rcrumpf@utp.du EE 4347 Applid Elctromagntics Topic 3 Skin Dpth & Powr Flow Skin Dpth Ths & Powr nots Flow may contain
Lecture 37 (Schrödinger Equation) Physics Spring 2018 Douglas Fields
Lctur 37 (Schrödingr Equation) Physics 6-01 Spring 018 Douglas Filds Rducd Mass OK, so th Bohr modl of th atom givs nrgy lvls: E n 1 k m n 4 But, this has on problm it was dvlopd assuming th acclration
Hydrogen Atom and One Electron Ions
Hydrogn Atom and On Elctron Ions Th Schrödingr quation for this two-body problm starts out th sam as th gnral two-body Schrödingr quation. First w sparat out th motion of th cntr of mass. Th intrnal potntial
u x v x dx u x v x v x u x dx d u x v x u x v x dx u x v x dx Integration by Parts Formula
7. Intgration by Parts Each drivativ formula givs ris to a corrsponding intgral formula, as w v sn many tims. Th drivativ product rul yilds a vry usful intgration tchniqu calld intgration by parts. Starting
Derivation of Electron-Electron Interaction Terms in the Multi-Electron Hamiltonian
Drivation of Elctron-Elctron Intraction Trms in th Multi-Elctron Hamiltonian Erica Smith Octobr 1, 010 1 Introduction Th Hamiltonian for a multi-lctron atom with n lctrons is drivd by Itoh (1965) by accounting
Addition of angular momentum
Addition of angular momntum April, 0 Oftn w nd to combin diffrnt sourcs of angular momntum to charactriz th total angular momntum of a systm, or to divid th total angular momntum into parts to valuat th
de/dx Effectively all charged particles except electrons
de/dx Lt s nxt turn our attntion to how chargd particls los nrgy in mattr To start with w ll considr only havy chargd particls lik muons, pions, protons, alphas, havy ions, Effctivly all chargd particls
, between the vertical lines x a and x b. Given a demand curve, having price as a function of quantity, p f (x) at height k is the curve f ( x,
Clculus for Businss nd Socil Scincs - Prof D Yun Finl Em Rviw vrsion 5/9/7 Chck wbsit for ny postd typos nd updts Pls rport ny typos This rviw sht contins summris of nw topics only (This rviw sht dos hv
PH427/PH527: Periodic systems Spring Overview of the PH427 website (syllabus, assignments etc.) 2. Coupled oscillations.
Dy : Mondy 5 inuts. Ovrviw of th PH47 wsit (syllus, ssignnts tc.). Coupld oscilltions W gin with sss coupld y Hook's Lw springs nd find th possil longitudinl) otion of such syst. W ll xtnd this to finit
CSE 373: More on graphs; DFS and BFS. Michael Lee Wednesday, Feb 14, 2018
CSE 373: Mor on grphs; DFS n BFS Mihl L Wnsy, F 14, 2018 1 Wrmup Wrmup: Disuss with your nighor: Rmin your nighor: wht is simpl grph? Suppos w hv simpl, irt grph with x nos. Wht is th mximum numr of gs
Lecture 4. Conic section
Lctur 4 Conic sction Conic sctions r locus of points whr distncs from fixd point nd fixd lin r in constnt rtio. Conic sctions in D r curvs which r locus of points whor position vctor r stisfis r r. whr
CIVL 8/ D Boundary Value Problems - Rectangular Elements 1/7
CIVL / -D Boundr Vlu Prolms - Rctngulr Elmnts / RECANGULAR ELEMENS - In som pplictions, it m mor dsirl to us n lmntl rprsnttion of th domin tht hs four sids, ithr rctngulr or qudriltrl in shp. Considr
Electromagnetism Physics 15b
lctromagntism Physics 15b Lctur #8 lctric Currnts Purcll 4.1 4.3 Today s Goals Dfin lctric currnt I Rat of lctric charg flow Also dfin lctric currnt dnsity J Charg consrvation in a formula Ohm s Law vryon
Introduction to the quantum theory of matter and Schrödinger s equation
Introduction to th quantum thory of mattr and Schrödingr s quation Th quantum thory of mattr assums that mattr has two naturs: a particl natur and a wa natur. Th particl natur is dscribd by classical physics
cycle that does not cross any edges (including its own), then it has at least
W prov th following thorm: Thorm If a K n is drawn in th plan in such a way that it has a hamiltonian cycl that dos not cross any dgs (including its own, thn it has at last n ( 4 48 π + O(n crossings Th
22/ Breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Selection rules for rotational-vibrational transitions. P, R branches.
Subjct Chmistry Papr No and Titl Modul No and Titl Modul Tag 8/ Physical Spctroscopy / Brakdown of th Born-Oppnhimr approximation. Slction ruls for rotational-vibrational transitions. P, R branchs. CHE_P8_M
Chemical Physics II. More Stat. Thermo Kinetics Protein Folding...
Chmical Physics II Mor Stat. Thrmo Kintics Protin Folding... http://www.nmc.ctc.com/imags/projct/proj15thumb.jpg http://nuclarwaponarchiv.org/usa/tsts/ukgrabl2.jpg http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/corps/imags/big/corp1417.jpg
22.615, MHD Theory of Fusion Systems Prof. Freidberg Lecture 8: Effect of a Vertical Field on Tokamak Equilibrium
.65, MHD Thory of usion Systms Prof. ridrg Lctur 8: Effct of Vrticl ild on Tokmk Equilirium Toroidl orc lnc y Mns of Vrticl ild. Lt us riw why th rticl fild is imortnt. 3. or ry short tims, th cuum chmr
Davisson Germer experiment Announcements:
Davisson Grmr xprimnt Announcmnts: Homwork st 7 is du Wdnsday. Problm solving sssions M3-5, T3-5. Th 2 nd midtrm will b April 7 in MUEN E0046 at 7:30pm. BFFs: Davisson and Grmr. Today w will go ovr th
THE SPINOR FIELD THEORY OF THE PHOTON
Romnin Rports in Physics, Vol. 66, No., P. 9 5, 4 THE SPINOR FIELD THEORY OF THE PHOTON RUO PENG WANG Pking Univrsity, Physics Dprtmnt, Bijing 87, P.R. Chin E-mil: rpwng@pku.du.cn Rcivd Octobr 8, Abstrct.
Background: We have discussed the PIB, HO, and the energy of the RR model. In this chapter, the H-atom, and atomic orbitals.
Chaptr 7 Th Hydrogn Atom Background: W hav discussd th PIB HO and th nrgy of th RR modl. In this chaptr th H-atom and atomic orbitals. * A singl particl moving undr a cntral forc adoptd from Scott Kirby
CSE303 - Introduction to the Theory of Computing Sample Solutions for Exercises on Finite Automata
CSE303 - Introduction to th Thory of Computing Smpl Solutions for Exrciss on Finit Automt Exrcis 2.1.1 A dtrministic finit utomton M ccpts th mpty string (i.., L(M)) if nd only if its initil stt is finl
ECE COMBINATIONAL BUILDING BLOCKS - INVEST 13 DECODERS AND ENCODERS
C 24 - COMBINATIONAL BUILDING BLOCKS - INVST 3 DCODS AND NCODS FALL 23 AP FLZ To o "wll" on this invstition you must not only t th riht nswrs ut must lso o nt, omplt n onis writups tht mk ovious wht h
Errata for Second Edition, First Printing
Errt for Scond Edition, First Printing pg 68, lin 1: z=.67 should b z=.44 pg 71: Eqution (.3) should rd B( R) = θ R 1 x= [1 G( x)] pg 1: Eqution (.63) should rd B( R) = x= R = θ ( x R) p( x) R 1 x= [1
IYPT 2000 Problem No. 3 PLASMA
IYPT 000 Problm No. 3 PLASMA Tam Austria Invstigat th lctrical conducivity of th flam of a candl. Examin th influnc of rlvant paramtrs, in particular, th shap and polarity of th lctrods. Th xprimnts should
6. The Interaction of Light and Matter
6. Th Intraction of Light and Mattr - Th intraction of light and mattr is what maks lif intrsting. - Light causs mattr to vibrat. Mattr in turn mits light, which intrfrs with th original light. - Excitd
EEO 401 Digital Signal Processing Prof. Mark Fowler
EEO 401 Digital Signal Procssing Prof. Mark Fowlr Dtails of th ot St #19 Rading Assignmnt: Sct. 7.1.2, 7.1.3, & 7.2 of Proakis & Manolakis Dfinition of th So Givn signal data points x[n] for n = 0,, -1
ELEG 413 Lecture #6. Mark Mirotznik, Ph.D. Professor The University of Delaware
LG 43 Lctur #6 Mrk Mirtnik, Ph.D. Prfssr Th Univrsity f Dlwr mil: mirtni@c.udl.du Wv Prpgtin nd Plritin TM: Trnsvrs lctrmgntic Wvs A md is prticulr fild cnfigurtin. Fr givn lctrmgntic bundry vlu prblm,
5.4 The Quarter-Wave Transformer
4//9 5_4 Th Qurtr Wv Trnsformr.doc / 5.4 Th Qurtr-Wv Trnsformr Rdg Assignmnt: pp. 73-76, 4-43 By now you v noticd tht qurtr-wv lngth of trnsmission l ( λ 4, β π ) pprs oftn microwv ngrg prolms. Anothr
1 Introduction to Modulo 7 Arithmetic
1 Introution to Moulo 7 Arithmti Bor w try our hn t solvin som hr Moulr KnKns, lt s tk los look t on moulr rithmti, mo 7 rithmti. You ll s in this sminr tht rithmti moulo prim is quit irnt rom th ons w
Exam 2 Thursday (7:30-9pm) It will cover material through HW 7, but no material that was on the 1 st exam.
Exam 2 Thursday (7:30-9pm) It will covr matrial through HW 7, but no matrial that was on th 1 st xam. What happns if w bash atoms with lctrons? In atomic discharg lamps, lots of lctrons ar givn kintic
Electromagnetic scattering. Graduate Course Electrical Engineering (Communications) 1 st Semester, Sharif University of Technology
Elctromagntic scattring Graduat Cours Elctrical Enginring (Communications) 1 st Smstr, 1388-1389 Sharif Univrsity of Tchnology Contnts of lctur 8 Contnts of lctur 8: Scattring from small dilctric objcts
(2) If we multiplied a row of B by λ, then the value is also multiplied by λ(here lambda could be 0). namely
. DETERMINANT.. Dtrminnt. Introution:I you think row vtor o mtrix s oorint o vtors in sp, thn th gomtri mning o th rnk o th mtrix is th imnsion o th prlllppi spnn y thm. But w r not only r out th imnsion,
Chapter 8: Electron Configurations and Periodicity
Elctron Spin & th Pauli Exclusion Principl Chaptr 8: Elctron Configurations and Priodicity 3 quantum numbrs (n, l, ml) dfin th nrgy, siz, shap, and spatial orintation of ach atomic orbital. To xplain how
CSE 373: AVL trees. Warmup: Warmup. Interlude: Exploring the balance invariant. AVL Trees: Invariants. AVL tree invariants review
rmup CSE 7: AVL trs rmup: ht is n invrint? Mihl L Friy, Jn 9, 0 ht r th AVL tr invrints, xtly? Disuss with your nighor. AVL Trs: Invrints Intrlu: Exploring th ln invrint Cor i: xtr invrint to BSTs tht
Addition of angular momentum
Addition of angular momntum April, 07 Oftn w nd to combin diffrnt sourcs of angular momntum to charactriz th total angular momntum of a systm, or to divid th total angular momntum into parts to valuat
Pair (and Triplet) Production Effect:
Pair (and riplt Production Effct: In both Pair and riplt production, a positron (anti-lctron and an lctron (or ngatron ar producd spontanously as a photon intracts with a strong lctric fild from ithr a
PHYSICS 489/1489 LECTURE 7: QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS
PHYSICS 489/489 LECTURE 7: QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS REMINDER Problm st du today 700 in Box F TODAY: W invstigatd th Dirac quation it dscribs a rlativistic spin /2 particl implis th xistnc of antiparticl
1.2 Faraday s law A changing magnetic field induces an electric field. Their relation is given by:
Elctromagntic Induction. Lorntz forc on moving charg Point charg moving at vlocity v, F qv B () For a sction of lctric currnt I in a thin wir dl is Idl, th forc is df Idl B () Elctromotiv forc f s any
PH300 Modern Physics SP11 Final Essay. Up Next: Periodic Table Molecular Bonding
PH Modrn Physics SP11 Final Essay Thr will b an ssay portion on th xam, but you don t nd to answr thos qustions if you submit a final ssay by th day of th final: Sat. 5/7 It dosnʼt mattr how smart you
temperature T speed v time t density ρ scalars may be constant or may be variable yes distributive a(b+c) = ab+ac
Mthmtics Riw. Sclr mthmticl ntity tht hs mgnitud only.g.: tmprtur T spd tim t dnsity ρ sclrs my constnt or my ril Lws of Algr for Sclrs: ys commutti ys ssociti (c) ()c ys distriuti (c) c Fith A. Morrison,
Precision Standard Model Tests (at JLab)
Prcision Standard Modl Tsts (at JLab) Xiaochao Zhng Jun 21st, 2018 Th Standard Modl of Particl Physics How should w sarch for nw physics? Prcision SM tsts at Jffrson Lab Qwak, PVDIS Mollr, 12 GV PVDIS
Sec 2.3 Modeling with First Order Equations
Sc.3 Modling with First Ordr Equations Mathmatical modls charactriz physical systms, oftn using diffrntial quations. Modl Construction: Translating physical situation into mathmatical trms. Clarly stat
Path (space curve) Osculating plane
Fo th cuilin motion of pticl in spc th fomuls did fo pln cuilin motion still lid. But th my b n infinit numb of nomls fo tngnt dwn to spc cu. Whn th t nd t ' unit ctos mod to sm oigin by kping thi ointtions
Forces. Quantum ElectroDynamics. α = = We have now:
W hav now: Forcs Considrd th gnral proprtis of forcs mdiatd by xchang (Yukawa potntial); Examind consrvation laws which ar obyd by (som) forcs. W will nxt look at thr forcs in mor dtail: Elctromagntic
2. Background Material
S. Blair Sptmbr 3, 003 4. Background Matrial Th rst of this cours dals with th gnration, modulation, propagation, and ction of optical radiation. As such, bic background in lctromagntics and optics nds
a b c cat CAT A B C Aa Bb Cc cat cat Lesson 1 (Part 1) Verbal lesson: Capital Letters Make The Same Sound Lesson 1 (Part 1) continued...
Progrssiv Printing T.M. CPITLS g 4½+ Th sy, fun (n FR!) wy to tch cpitl lttrs. ook : C o - For Kinrgrtn or First Gr (not for pr-school). - Tchs tht cpitl lttrs mk th sm souns s th littl lttrs. - Tchs th
GUC (Dr. Hany Hammad) 9/28/2016
U (r. Hny Hd) 9/8/06 ctur # 3 ignl flow grphs (cont.): ignl-flow grph rprsnttion of : ssiv sgl-port dvic. owr g qutions rnsducr powr g. Oprtg powr g. vill powr g. ppliction to Ntwork nlyzr lirtion. Nois
( ) Geometric Operations and Morphing. Geometric Transformation. Forward v.s. Inverse Mapping. I (x,y ) Image Processing - Lesson 4 IDC-CG 1
Img Procssing - Lsson 4 Gomtric Oprtions nd Morphing Gomtric Trnsformtion Oprtions dpnd on Pil s Coordints. Contt fr. Indpndnt of pil vlus. f f (, ) (, ) ( f (, ), f ( ) ) I(, ) I', (,) (, ) I(,) I (,
Lecture 18 - Semiconductors - continued
Lctur 18 - Smiconductors - continud Lctur 18: Smiconductors - continud (Kittl C. 8) + a - Donors and accptors Outlin Mor on concntrations of lctrons and ols in Smiconductors Control of conductivity by
SCALING OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION WITH MULTIPOLE ORDER. J. C. Sprott
SCALING OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION WITH MULTIPOLE ORDER J. C. Sprott PLP 821 Novmbr 1979 Plasma Studis Univrsity of Wisconsin Ths PLP Rports ar informal and prliminary and as such may contain rrors not yt
Davisson Germer experiment
Announcmnts: Davisson Grmr xprimnt Homwork st 5 is today. Homwork st 6 will b postd latr today. Mad a good guss about th Nobl Priz for 2013 Clinton Davisson and Lstr Grmr. Davisson won Nobl Priz in 1937.
Composition and concentration dependences of electron mobility in semi-metal Hg 1 x Cd x Te quantum wells
Smiconductor Physics, Quntum Elctronics & Optolctronics, 15. V. 18, N. P. 97-1. doi: 1.1547/spqo18..97 PACS 7.1.Fg, 84.4.-x Composition nd concntrtion dpndncs of lctron mobility in smi-mtl Hg 1 x Cd x
INF5820/INF9820 LANGUAGE TECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS. Jan Tore Lønning, Lecture 4, 14 Sep
INF5820/INF9820 LANGUAGE TECHNOLOGICAL ALICATIONS Jn Tor Lønning Lctur 4 4 Sp. 206 tl@ii.uio.no Tody 2 Sttisticl chin trnsltion: Th noisy chnnl odl Word-bsd Trining IBM odl 3 SMT xpl 4 En kokk lgd n rtt
EXST Regression Techniques Page 1
EXST704 - Rgrssion Tchniqus Pag 1 Masurmnt rrors in X W hav assumd that all variation is in Y. Masurmnt rror in this variabl will not ffct th rsults, as long as thy ar uncorrlatd and unbiasd, sinc thy