Lecture 22. Mechanical Energy Balance

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Lecture 22. Mechanical Energy Balance"

Transcription

1 Lecture 22 Mechanical Energy Balance Contents Exercise 1 Exercise 2 Exercise 3 Key Words: Fluid flow, Macroscopic Balance, Frictional Losses, Turbulent Flow Exercise 1 It is proposed to install a fan to draw air at rest in a horizontal straight duct of 250m m 350mm cross section. The duct is 60 m long. Figure 1: Horizontal straight duct The air enters the duct at 30 m min measured at 298 K and 755 mm Hg. Calculate the horse power of the fan, if the fan discharges air at 755 mm Hg pressure. 1mmHg N m. Friction loss due to contraction and expansion are 0.4 and 1 respectively. K Viscosity of air SOLUTION Applying mechanical energy balance between plane 1 and 2 and noting that Z Z (duct is horizontal), P P (inlet pressure at 1 = exit pressure at plane 2 and V V (velocity at plane 1 = velocity at plane2), we get. F M 0 (1)

2 F2f L D By 1 and 2 we get V ef V ef V (2) M V 2f L ef D ef (3) F is friction factor and is a function of Reynold s number. Re D V µ (4) De.... K m and ρ 1.18 RT Inserting the values of De, ρ, µ and V (V is velocity of air in duct), in eq. 4, we get Re Flow is turbulent and we use f Re. In the equation 3 substitute the values of e, e, L,De,f,V, to get. M80.94 per kg of fluid. Power kw Now 1 kw hp horse power Horse power of fan hp. Exercise 2 A fan draws exhaust gases at 800 from the hood of a furnace as shown below Figure 2: Arrangement of hood to discharge exhaust gases

3 The exhaust gas flow rate is at 1 atm and 298 k The duct is rectangular cross section 0.2m 0.3m and is joined by an elbow as shown in the figure. Total length of the duct is 90 m. Calculate horse power of the fan from the following data Friction losses due to contraction and expansion are 0.4 and 1 respectively. µ ρ m s at 1073 K. Use f Re to calculate friction factor. Equivalent length for elbow L 20. D Hint: Apply mechanical energy balance between plane 1 and 2 and get the following expression g Δ Z F M (5) g Δ Z V 2f L L ef D D ef (6) Substituting the values. Power = 8.8 hp. Exercise 3 Apply mechanical energy balance equation to calculate velocity of gas flowing in a pipe Velocity of gas flowing in a pipe is calculated by measuring the difference between the static pressure and the impac t pressure by the pitot tube at a given point in the flow. The pitot tube consists of two openings: impact and static. Impact opening is directed to receive the impact of the flow and the static opening remains at parallel to the direction of flow. Mechanical energy can be applied at plane 1 which is upstream from the impact point and plane 2 just at the impact point to find the relationship between pressure difference and velocity. Kinetic energy of the gas is converted to pressure at plane 2. At point 1 velocity is known and the pressure is that determined by static opening of pitot tube. At point 2 velocity is zero and pressure is that detected by impact opening. Mechanical energy balance simplifies to V P 0 P (7) V P P V (8)

4 The frictional losses are taken into account by the discharge coefficient C P which depends on the design of impact and static openings of the pitot tube. Thus eq. 8 is V C P P P (9) Note that the pitot tube measures the pressure at a particular point in the flow and the velocity will also correspond to that point. In order to obtain the complete velocity profile, it is necessary to traverse the pitot tube radially in order to be able to measure the pressure and then to calculate the velocity. The following relations can be used to calculate the average velocity: For laminar flow V V Re 2100 (10) and in turbulent flow region V log D V V µ (11) For gases at low speeds 60 / and isothermal conditions we may use eq. 8 as well. At higher velocity of gases, density of the gas is not constant and Bernouli equation is to be written in a differential form i.e. P P P V (12) For the compressible fluid flowing under adiabatic conditions and assuming ideal gas law, the relation between P and is P constant (13) Where γ is the isentropic exponent of the gas. Its value is 1.3 for monoatomic, 1.4 for diatomic and for He and argon. By 12 and 13 we get. V V C P P 1 P (14) P Assignment: 1) It is proposed to install a fan to draw air at rest in a horizontal straight duct of 250mm 350mm cross section. The duct is 60 m long. The air enters the duct at 30 m min measured at 298 K and 755 mm Hg. Calculate the horse power of the fan, if the fan discharges air at 755 mm Hg pressure.

5 1mmHg N m. Friction loss due to contraction and expansion are 0.4 and 1 respectively. K Viscosity air Figure 1: Horizontal straight duct 2) A fan draws exhaust gases at C from the hood of a furnace as shown below Figure 2: Arrangement of hood to discharge exhaust gases The exhaust gas flow rate is at 1 atm and 98 k The duct is rectangular cross section 0.2m 0.3m and is joined by ass elbow as Shown in the figure. Total length of the duct is 90 m. Calculate horse power of the fan from the following data Friction losses due to contraction and expansion are 0.4 and 1 res pectively. µ ρ m s at 1073 K. Use f Re to calculate friction factor. Equivalent length for elbow L 20. D

Lecture 24. Design of flow meters

Lecture 24. Design of flow meters Lecture 24 Design of flow meters Contents Exercise 1 Exercise 2 Exercise 3 Key Words: Fluid flow, Macroscopic Balance, Frictional Losses, Turbulent Flow, Venturimeter, Orifice Meter, Pitot Tube Exercise

More information

Lecture23. Flowmeter Design.

Lecture23. Flowmeter Design. Lecture23 Flowmeter Design. Contents of lecture Design of flowmeter Principles of flow measurement; i) Venturi and ii) Orifice meter and nozzle Relationship between flow rate and pressure drop Relation

More information

Chapter (6) Energy Equation and Its Applications

Chapter (6) Energy Equation and Its Applications Chapter (6) Energy Equation and Its Applications Bernoulli Equation Bernoulli equation is one of the most useful equations in fluid mechanics and hydraulics. And it s a statement of the principle of conservation

More information

Applied Fluid Mechanics

Applied Fluid Mechanics Applied Fluid Mechanics 1. The Nature of Fluid and the Study of Fluid Mechanics 2. Viscosity of Fluid 3. Pressure Measurement 4. Forces Due to Static Fluid 5. Buoyancy and Stability 6. Flow of Fluid and

More information

Lesson 37 Transmission Of Air In Air Conditioning Ducts

Lesson 37 Transmission Of Air In Air Conditioning Ducts Lesson 37 Transmission Of Air In Air Conditioning Ducts Version 1 ME, IIT Kharagpur 1 The specific objectives of this chapter are to: 1. Describe an Air Handling Unit (AHU) and its functions (Section 37.1).

More information

AEROSPACE ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT. Second Year - Second Term ( ) Fluid Mechanics & Gas Dynamics

AEROSPACE ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT. Second Year - Second Term ( ) Fluid Mechanics & Gas Dynamics AEROSPACE ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Second Year - Second Term (2008-2009) Fluid Mechanics & Gas Dynamics Similitude,Dimensional Analysis &Modeling (1) [7.2R*] Some common variables in fluid mechanics include:

More information

LECTURE 6- ENERGY LOSSES IN HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS SELF EVALUATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

LECTURE 6- ENERGY LOSSES IN HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS SELF EVALUATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LECTURE 6- ENERGY LOSSES IN HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS SELF EVALUATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 1. What is the head loss ( in units of bars) across a 30mm wide open gate valve when oil ( SG=0.9) flow through at a

More information

Lesson 6 Review of fundamentals: Fluid flow

Lesson 6 Review of fundamentals: Fluid flow Lesson 6 Review of fundamentals: Fluid flow The specific objective of this lesson is to conduct a brief review of the fundamentals of fluid flow and present: A general equation for conservation of mass

More information

Outlines. simple relations of fluid dynamics Boundary layer analysis. Important for basic understanding of convection heat transfer

Outlines. simple relations of fluid dynamics Boundary layer analysis. Important for basic understanding of convection heat transfer Forced Convection Outlines To examine the methods of calculating convection heat transfer (particularly, the ways of predicting the value of convection heat transfer coefficient, h) Convection heat transfer

More information

1-Reynold s Experiment

1-Reynold s Experiment Lect.No.8 2 nd Semester Flow Dynamics in Closed Conduit (Pipe Flow) 1 of 21 The flow in closed conduit ( flow in pipe ) is differ from this occur in open channel where the flow in pipe is at a pressure

More information

Experiment No.4: Flow through Venturi meter. Background and Theory

Experiment No.4: Flow through Venturi meter. Background and Theory Experiment No.4: Flow through Venturi meter Background and Theory Introduction Flow meters are used in the industry to measure the volumetric flow rate of fluids. Differential pressure type flow meters

More information

Lab Section Date. ME4751 Air Flow Rate Measurement

Lab Section Date. ME4751 Air Flow Rate Measurement Name Lab Section Date ME4751 Air Flow Rate Measurement Objective The objective of this experiment is to determine the volumetric flow rate of air flowing through a pipe using a Pitot-static tube and a

More information

FLUID MECHANICS D203 SAE SOLUTIONS TUTORIAL 2 APPLICATIONS OF BERNOULLI SELF ASSESSMENT EXERCISE 1

FLUID MECHANICS D203 SAE SOLUTIONS TUTORIAL 2 APPLICATIONS OF BERNOULLI SELF ASSESSMENT EXERCISE 1 FLUID MECHANICS D203 SAE SOLUTIONS TUTORIAL 2 APPLICATIONS OF BERNOULLI SELF ASSESSMENT EXERCISE 1 1. A pipe 100 mm bore diameter carries oil of density 900 kg/m3 at a rate of 4 kg/s. The pipe reduces

More information

Objectives. Conservation of mass principle: Mass Equation The Bernoulli equation Conservation of energy principle: Energy equation

Objectives. Conservation of mass principle: Mass Equation The Bernoulli equation Conservation of energy principle: Energy equation Objectives Conservation of mass principle: Mass Equation The Bernoulli equation Conservation of energy principle: Energy equation Conservation of Mass Conservation of Mass Mass, like energy, is a conserved

More information

Chapter Four fluid flow mass, energy, Bernoulli and momentum

Chapter Four fluid flow mass, energy, Bernoulli and momentum 4-1Conservation of Mass Principle Consider a control volume of arbitrary shape, as shown in Fig (4-1). Figure (4-1): the differential control volume and differential control volume (Total mass entering

More information

COURSE CODE : 3072 COURSE CATEGORY : B PERIODS/ WEEK : 5 PERIODS/ SEMESTER : 75 CREDIT : 5 TIME SCHEDULE

COURSE CODE : 3072 COURSE CATEGORY : B PERIODS/ WEEK : 5 PERIODS/ SEMESTER : 75 CREDIT : 5 TIME SCHEDULE COURSE TITLE : FLUID MECHANICS COURSE CODE : 307 COURSE CATEGORY : B PERIODS/ WEEK : 5 PERIODS/ SEMESTER : 75 CREDIT : 5 TIME SCHEDULE MODULE TOPIC PERIOD 1 Properties of Fluids 0 Fluid Friction and Flow

More information

S.E. (Mech.) (First Sem.) EXAMINATION, (Common to Mech/Sandwich) FLUID MECHANICS (2008 PATTERN) Time : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 100

S.E. (Mech.) (First Sem.) EXAMINATION, (Common to Mech/Sandwich) FLUID MECHANICS (2008 PATTERN) Time : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 100 Total No. of Questions 12] [Total No. of Printed Pages 8 Seat No. [4262]-113 S.E. (Mech.) (First Sem.) EXAMINATION, 2012 (Common to Mech/Sandwich) FLUID MECHANICS (2008 PATTERN) Time : Three Hours Maximum

More information

Applied Fluid Mechanics

Applied Fluid Mechanics Applied Fluid Mechanics 1. The Nature of Fluid and the Study of Fluid Mechanics 2. Viscosity of Fluid 3. Pressure Measurement 4. Forces Due to Static Fluid 5. Buoyancy and Stability 6. Flow of Fluid and

More information

vector H. If O is the point about which moments are desired, the angular moment about O is given:

vector H. If O is the point about which moments are desired, the angular moment about O is given: The angular momentum A control volume analysis can be applied to the angular momentum, by letting B equal to angularmomentum vector H. If O is the point about which moments are desired, the angular moment

More information

FE Exam Fluids Review October 23, Important Concepts

FE Exam Fluids Review October 23, Important Concepts FE Exam Fluids Review October 3, 013 mportant Concepts Density, specific volume, specific weight, specific gravity (Water 1000 kg/m^3, Air 1. kg/m^3) Meaning & Symbols? Stress, Pressure, Viscosity; Meaning

More information

Applied Fluid Mechanics

Applied Fluid Mechanics Applied Fluid Mechanics 1. The Nature of Fluid and the Study of Fluid Mechanics 2. Viscosity of Fluid 3. Pressure Measurement 4. Forces Due to Static Fluid 5. Buoyancy and Stability 6. Flow of Fluid and

More information

Pressure Losses for Fluid Flow Through Abrupt Area. Contraction in Compact Heat Exchangers

Pressure Losses for Fluid Flow Through Abrupt Area. Contraction in Compact Heat Exchangers Pressure Losses for Fluid Flow Through Abrupt Area Contraction in Compact Heat Exchangers Undergraduate Research Spring 004 By Bryan J. Johnson Under Direction of Rehnberg Professor of Ch.E. Bruce A. Finlayson

More information

Principles of Convection

Principles of Convection Principles of Convection Point Conduction & convection are similar both require the presence of a material medium. But convection requires the presence of fluid motion. Heat transfer through the: Solid

More information

V/ t = 0 p/ t = 0 ρ/ t = 0. V/ s = 0 p/ s = 0 ρ/ s = 0

V/ t = 0 p/ t = 0 ρ/ t = 0. V/ s = 0 p/ s = 0 ρ/ s = 0 UNIT III FLOW THROUGH PIPES 1. List the types of fluid flow. Steady and unsteady flow Uniform and non-uniform flow Laminar and Turbulent flow Compressible and incompressible flow Rotational and ir-rotational

More information

Two mark questions and answers UNIT I BASIC CONCEPT AND FIRST LAW SVCET

Two mark questions and answers UNIT I BASIC CONCEPT AND FIRST LAW SVCET Two mark questions and answers UNIT I BASIC CONCEPT AND FIRST LAW 1. What do you understand by pure substance? A pure substance is defined as one that is homogeneous and invariable in chemical composition

More information

M E 320 Professor John M. Cimbala Lecture 23

M E 320 Professor John M. Cimbala Lecture 23 M E 320 Professor John M. Cimbala Lecture 23 Today, we will: Discuss diffusers and do an example problem Begin discussing pumps, and how they are analyzed in pipe flow systems D. Diffusers 1. Introduction.

More information

SAIOH Tutorial Ventilation 1 pressures and basic air flow calculations

SAIOH Tutorial Ventilation 1 pressures and basic air flow calculations SAIOH Tutorial Ventilation 1 pressures and basic air flow calculations Acknowledgement This tutorial was provided by SAIOH as an assessment support aid for prospective candidates. The tutorial is free

More information

BERNOULLI EQUATION. The motion of a fluid is usually extremely complex.

BERNOULLI EQUATION. The motion of a fluid is usually extremely complex. BERNOULLI EQUATION The motion of a fluid is usually extremely complex. The study of a fluid at rest, or in relative equilibrium, was simplified by the absence of shear stress, but when a fluid flows over

More information

Today s menu. Last lecture. A/D conversion. A/D conversion (cont d...) Sampling

Today s menu. Last lecture. A/D conversion. A/D conversion (cont d...) Sampling Last lecture Capacitive sensing elements. Inductive sensing elements. Reactive Deflection bridges. Electromagnetic sensing elements. Thermoelectric sensing elements. Elastic sensing elements. Piezoelectric

More information

Final 1. (25) 2. (10) 3. (10) 4. (10) 5. (10) 6. (10) TOTAL = HW = % MIDTERM = % FINAL = % COURSE GRADE =

Final 1. (25) 2. (10) 3. (10) 4. (10) 5. (10) 6. (10) TOTAL = HW = % MIDTERM = % FINAL = % COURSE GRADE = MAE101B: Advanced Fluid Mechanics Winter Quarter 2017 http://web.eng.ucsd.edu/~sgls/mae101b_2017/ Name: Final This is a three hour open-book exam. Please put your name on the top sheet of the exam. Answer

More information

Piping Systems and Flow Analysis (Chapter 3)

Piping Systems and Flow Analysis (Chapter 3) Piping Systems and Flow Analysis (Chapter 3) 2 Learning Outcomes (Chapter 3) Losses in Piping Systems Major losses Minor losses Pipe Networks Pipes in series Pipes in parallel Manifolds and Distribution

More information

Applied Fluid Mechanics

Applied Fluid Mechanics Applied Fluid Mechanics 1. The Nature of Fluid and the Study of Fluid Mechanics 2. Viscosity of Fluid 3. Pressure Measurement 4. Forces Due to Static Fluid 5. Buoyancy and Stability 6. Flow of Fluid and

More information

ME 305 Fluid Mechanics I. Part 8 Viscous Flow in Pipes and Ducts. Flow in Pipes and Ducts. Flow in Pipes and Ducts (cont d)

ME 305 Fluid Mechanics I. Part 8 Viscous Flow in Pipes and Ducts. Flow in Pipes and Ducts. Flow in Pipes and Ducts (cont d) ME 305 Fluid Mechanics I Flow in Pipes and Ducts Flow in closed conduits (circular pipes and non-circular ducts) are very common. Part 8 Viscous Flow in Pipes and Ducts These presentations are prepared

More information

Basic Fluid Mechanics

Basic Fluid Mechanics Basic Fluid Mechanics Chapter 6A: Internal Incompressible Viscous Flow 4/16/2018 C6A: Internal Incompressible Viscous Flow 1 6.1 Introduction For the present chapter we will limit our study to incompressible

More information

MCE380: Measurements and Instrumentation Lab

MCE380: Measurements and Instrumentation Lab MCE380: Measurements and Instrumentation Lab Chapter 8: Flow Measurements Topics: Basic Flow Equations Flow Obstruction Meters Positive Displacement Flowmeters Other Methods Holman, Ch. 7 Cleveland State

More information

Q1 Give answers to all of the following questions (5 marks each):

Q1 Give answers to all of the following questions (5 marks each): FLUID MECHANICS First Year Exam Solutions 03 Q Give answers to all of the following questions (5 marks each): (a) A cylinder of m in diameter is made with material of relative density 0.5. It is moored

More information

SPC 407 Sheet 5 - Solution Compressible Flow Rayleigh Flow

SPC 407 Sheet 5 - Solution Compressible Flow Rayleigh Flow SPC 407 Sheet 5 - Solution Compressible Flow Rayleigh Flow 1. Consider subsonic Rayleigh flow of air with a Mach number of 0.92. Heat is now transferred to the fluid and the Mach number increases to 0.95.

More information

Hydraulics and hydrology

Hydraulics and hydrology Hydraulics and hydrology - project exercises - Class 4 and 5 Pipe flow Discharge (Q) (called also as the volume flow rate) is the volume of fluid that passes through an area per unit time. The discharge

More information

ME 305 Fluid Mechanics I. Chapter 8 Viscous Flow in Pipes and Ducts

ME 305 Fluid Mechanics I. Chapter 8 Viscous Flow in Pipes and Ducts ME 305 Fluid Mechanics I Chapter 8 Viscous Flow in Pipes and Ducts These presentations are prepared by Dr. Cüneyt Sert Department of Mechanical Engineering Middle East Technical University Ankara, Turkey

More information

150A Review Session 2/13/2014 Fluid Statics. Pressure acts in all directions, normal to the surrounding surfaces

150A Review Session 2/13/2014 Fluid Statics. Pressure acts in all directions, normal to the surrounding surfaces Fluid Statics Pressure acts in all directions, normal to the surrounding surfaces or Whenever a pressure difference is the driving force, use gauge pressure o Bernoulli equation o Momentum balance with

More information

EXPERIMENT No.1 FLOW MEASUREMENT BY ORIFICEMETER

EXPERIMENT No.1 FLOW MEASUREMENT BY ORIFICEMETER EXPERIMENT No.1 FLOW MEASUREMENT BY ORIFICEMETER 1.1 AIM: To determine the co-efficient of discharge of the orifice meter 1.2 EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED: Orifice meter test rig, Stopwatch 1.3 PREPARATION 1.3.1

More information

Introduction to Aerospace Engineering

Introduction to Aerospace Engineering Introduction to Aerospace Engineering Lecture slides Challenge the future 3-0-0 Introduction to Aerospace Engineering Aerodynamics 5 & 6 Prof. H. Bijl ir. N. Timmer Delft University of Technology 5. Compressibility

More information

1 st Law Analysis of Control Volume (open system) Chapter 6

1 st Law Analysis of Control Volume (open system) Chapter 6 1 st Law Analysis of Control Volume (open system) Chapter 6 In chapter 5, we did 1st law analysis for a control mass (closed system). In this chapter the analysis of the 1st law will be on a control volume

More information

Signature: (Note that unsigned exams will be given a score of zero.)

Signature: (Note that unsigned exams will be given a score of zero.) Neatly print your name: Signature: (Note that unsigned exams will be given a score of zero.) Circle your lecture section (-1 point if not circled, or circled incorrectly): Prof. Dabiri Prof. Wassgren Prof.

More information

Applied Gas Dynamics Flow With Friction and Heat Transfer

Applied Gas Dynamics Flow With Friction and Heat Transfer Applied Gas Dynamics Flow With Friction and Heat Transfer Ethirajan Rathakrishnan Applied Gas Dynamics, John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd c 2010 Ethirajan Rathakrishnan 1 / 121 Introduction So far, we have

More information

IX. COMPRESSIBLE FLOW. ρ = P

IX. COMPRESSIBLE FLOW. ρ = P IX. COMPRESSIBLE FLOW Compressible flow is the study of fluids flowing at speeds comparable to the local speed of sound. This occurs when fluid speeds are about 30% or more of the local acoustic velocity.

More information

ME332 FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORY (PART I)

ME332 FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORY (PART I) ME332 FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORY (PART I) Mihir Sen Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, IN 46556 Version: January 14, 2002 Contents Unit 1: Hydrostatics

More information

Numerical and Experimental Study on the Effect of Guide Vane Insertion on the Flow Characteristics in a 90º Rectangular Elbow

Numerical and Experimental Study on the Effect of Guide Vane Insertion on the Flow Characteristics in a 90º Rectangular Elbow Numerical and Experimental Study on the Effect of Guide Vane Insertion on the Flow Characteristics in a 90º Rectangular Elbow Sutardi 1, Wawan A. W., Nadia, N. and Puspita, K. 1 Mechanical Engineering

More information

Water Circuit Lab. The pressure drop along a straight pipe segment can be calculated using the following set of equations:

Water Circuit Lab. The pressure drop along a straight pipe segment can be calculated using the following set of equations: Water Circuit Lab When a fluid flows in a conduit, there is friction between the flowing fluid and the pipe walls. The result of this friction is a net loss of energy in the flowing fluid. The fluid pressure

More information

William В. Brower, Jr. A PRIMER IN FLUID MECHANICS. Dynamics of Flows in One Space Dimension. CRC Press Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C.

William В. Brower, Jr. A PRIMER IN FLUID MECHANICS. Dynamics of Flows in One Space Dimension. CRC Press Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C. William В. Brower, Jr. A PRIMER IN FLUID MECHANICS Dynamics of Flows in One Space Dimension CRC Press Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C. Table of Contents Chapter 1 Fluid Properties Kinetic Theory

More information

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics. Chapter 7. KFUPM Housam Binous CHE 303

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics. Chapter 7. KFUPM Housam Binous CHE 303 Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics Chapter 7 1 Thermodynamics of flow is based on mass, energy and entropy balances Fluid mechanics encompasses the above balances and conservation of momentum

More information

A B C November 29 Exam 3 Physics 105. σ = W m 2 K 4 L v = J/kg R = J/(K mol) c w = 4186 J/(kg K) N A = 6.

A B C November 29 Exam 3 Physics 105. σ = W m 2 K 4 L v = J/kg R = J/(K mol) c w = 4186 J/(kg K) N A = 6. L 2012 November 29 Exam 3 Physics 105 Physical Constants Properties of H 2 O σ = 5.6704 10 8 W m 2 K 4 L v = 2.26 10 6 J/kg R = 8.3145 J/(K mol) c w = 4186 J/(kg K) N A = 6.0221 10 23 L f = 3.33 10 5 J/kg

More information

CALIFORNIA POLYTECHNIC STATE UNIVERSITY Mechanical Engineering Department ME 347, Fluid Mechanics II, Winter 2018

CALIFORNIA POLYTECHNIC STATE UNIVERSITY Mechanical Engineering Department ME 347, Fluid Mechanics II, Winter 2018 CALIFORNIA POLYTECHNIC STATE UNIVERSITY Mechanical Engineering Department ME 347, Fluid Mechanics II, Winter 2018 Date Day Subject Read HW Sept. 21 F Introduction 1, 2 24 M Finite control volume analysis

More information

1.060 Engineering Mechanics II Spring Problem Set 4

1.060 Engineering Mechanics II Spring Problem Set 4 1.060 Engineering Mechanics II Spring 2006 Due on Monday, March 20th Problem Set 4 Important note: Please start a new sheet of paper for each problem in the problem set. Write the names of the group members

More information

FACULTY OF CHEMICAL & ENERGY ENGINEERING FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORY TITLE OF EXPERIMENT: MINOR LOSSES IN PIPE (E4)

FACULTY OF CHEMICAL & ENERGY ENGINEERING FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORY TITLE OF EXPERIMENT: MINOR LOSSES IN PIPE (E4) FACULTY OF CHEMICAL & ENERGY ENGINEERING FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORY TITLE OF EXPERIMENT: MINOR LOSSES IN PIPE (E4) 1 1.0 Objectives The objective of this experiment is to calculate loss coefficient (K

More information

FLUID MECHANICS PROF. DR. METİN GÜNER COMPILER

FLUID MECHANICS PROF. DR. METİN GÜNER COMPILER FLUID MECHANICS PROF. DR. METİN GÜNER COMPILER ANKARA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AND TECHNOLOGIES ENGINEERING 1 5. FLOW IN PIPES Liquid or gas flow through pipes

More information

R09. d water surface. Prove that the depth of pressure is equal to p +.

R09. d water surface. Prove that the depth of pressure is equal to p +. Code No:A109210105 R09 SET-1 B.Tech II Year - I Semester Examinations, December 2011 FLUID MECHANICS (CIVIL ENGINEERING) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75 Answer any five questions All questions carry equal

More information

CHAPTER THREE FLUID MECHANICS

CHAPTER THREE FLUID MECHANICS CHAPTER THREE FLUID MECHANICS 3.1. Measurement of Pressure Drop for Flow through Different Geometries 3.. Determination of Operating Characteristics of a Centrifugal Pump 3.3. Energy Losses in Pipes under

More information

Fanno Flow. Gas Dynamics

Fanno Flow. Gas Dynamics Fanno Flow Simple frictional flow ( Fanno Flow Adiabatic frictional flow in a constant-area duct * he Flow of a compressible fluid in a duct is Always accompanied by :- ariation in the cross sectional

More information

Flow Measurement in Pipes and Ducts COURSE CONTENT

Flow Measurement in Pipes and Ducts COURSE CONTENT Flow Measurement in Pipes and Ducts Dr. Harlan H. Bengtson, P.E. COURSE CONTENT 1. Introduction This course is about measurement of the flow rate of a fluid flowing under pressure in a closed conduit.

More information

Chapter 3 NATURAL CONVECTION

Chapter 3 NATURAL CONVECTION Fundamentals of Thermal-Fluid Sciences, 3rd Edition Yunus A. Cengel, Robert H. Turner, John M. Cimbala McGraw-Hill, 2008 Chapter 3 NATURAL CONVECTION Mehmet Kanoglu Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies,

More information

Experiment (4): Flow measurement

Experiment (4): Flow measurement Experiment (4): Flow measurement Introduction: The flow measuring apparatus is used to familiarize the students with typical methods of flow measurement of an incompressible fluid and, at the same time

More information

Fluid Dynamics Exercises and questions for the course

Fluid Dynamics Exercises and questions for the course Fluid Dynamics Exercises and questions for the course January 15, 2014 A two dimensional flow field characterised by the following velocity components in polar coordinates is called a free vortex: u r

More information

FLOW IN PIPES. Mark J McCready University of Notre Dame July 24, chemeprof.com

FLOW IN PIPES. Mark J McCready University of Notre Dame July 24, chemeprof.com FLOW IN PIPES Mark J McCready University of Notre Dame July 24, 2017 OVERVIEW This lecture will provide the simplest framework to explain The three forces at that are important to fluid flow in pipes The

More information

First Law of Thermodynamics

First Law of Thermodynamics CH2303 Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics I Unit II First Law of Thermodynamics Dr. M. Subramanian 07-July-2011 Associate Professor Department of Chemical Engineering Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College

More information

LEAKLESS COOLING SYSTEM V.2 PRESSURE DROP CALCULATIONS AND ASSUMPTIONS

LEAKLESS COOLING SYSTEM V.2 PRESSURE DROP CALCULATIONS AND ASSUMPTIONS CH-1211 Geneva 23 Switzerland EDMS No. ST/CV - Cooling of Electronics & Detectors GUIDE LEAKLESS COOLING SYSTEM V.2 PRESSURE DROP CALCULATIONS AND ASSUMPTIONS Objectives Guide to Leakless Cooling System

More information

Introduction to Aerodynamics. Dr. Guven Aerospace Engineer (P.hD)

Introduction to Aerodynamics. Dr. Guven Aerospace Engineer (P.hD) Introduction to Aerodynamics Dr. Guven Aerospace Engineer (P.hD) Aerodynamic Forces All aerodynamic forces are generated wither through pressure distribution or a shear stress distribution on a body. The

More information

CHME 302 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LABOATORY-I EXPERIMENT 302-V FREE AND FORCED CONVECTION

CHME 302 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LABOATORY-I EXPERIMENT 302-V FREE AND FORCED CONVECTION CHME 302 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LABOATORY-I EXPERIMENT 302-V FREE AND FORCED CONVECTION OBJECTIVE The objective of the experiment is to compare the heat transfer characteristics of free and forced convection.

More information

Internal Forced Convection. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Internal Forced Convection. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Internal Forced Convection Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Introduction Pipe circular cross section. Duct noncircular cross section. Tubes small-diameter

More information

F L U I D S Y S T E M D Y N A M I C S

F L U I D S Y S T E M D Y N A M I C S F L U I D S Y S T E M D Y N A M I C S T he proper design, construction, operation, and maintenance of fluid systems requires understanding of the principles which govern them. These principles include

More information

ABSTRACT I. INTRODUCTION

ABSTRACT I. INTRODUCTION 2016 IJSRSET Volume 2 Issue 4 Print ISSN : 2395-1990 Online ISSN : 2394-4099 Themed Section: Engineering and Technology Analysis of Compressible Effect in the Flow Metering By Orifice Plate Using Prasanna

More information

Chapter (3) Water Flow in Pipes

Chapter (3) Water Flow in Pipes Chapter (3) Water Flow in Pipes Water Flow in Pipes Bernoulli Equation Recall fluid mechanics course, the Bernoulli equation is: P 1 ρg + v 1 g + z 1 = P ρg + v g + z h P + h T + h L Here, we want to study

More information

Exercise 7 - Fluiddynamic Systems

Exercise 7 - Fluiddynamic Systems Exercise 7 - Fluiddynamic Systems 7.1 Valves The flow of fluids between reservoirs is determined by valves, whose inputs are the pressure up- and downstream, denoted by p in and p out respectively. Here,

More information

HVAC Clinic. Duct Design

HVAC Clinic. Duct Design HVAC Clinic Duct Design Table Of Contents Introduction... 3 Fundamentals Of Duct Design... 3 Pressure Changes In A System... 8 Example 1... 13 Duct Design Methods... 15 Example 2... 15 Introduction The

More information

MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE TIRUCHIRAPALLI-621213. Department: Mechanical Subject Code: ME2202 U N IT - 1 Semester: III Subject Name: ENGG. THERMODYNAMICS 1. 1 kg of gas at 1.1 bar, 27 o C is compressed

More information

Lecture 3 The energy equation

Lecture 3 The energy equation Lecture 3 The energy equation Dr Tim Gough: t.gough@bradford.ac.uk General information Lab groups now assigned Timetable up to week 6 published Is there anyone not yet on the list? Week 3 Week 4 Week 5

More information

Heat Transfer Convection

Heat Transfer Convection Heat ransfer Convection Previous lectures conduction: heat transfer without fluid motion oday (textbook nearly 00 pages) Convection: heat transfer with fluid motion Research methods different Natural Convection

More information

Brown Hills College of Engineering & Technology

Brown Hills College of Engineering & Technology UNIT 4 Flow Through Nozzles Velocity and heat drop, Mass discharge through a nozzle, Critical pressure ratio and its significance, Effect of friction, Nozzle efficiency, Supersaturated flow, Design pressure

More information

Signature: (Note that unsigned exams will be given a score of zero.)

Signature: (Note that unsigned exams will be given a score of zero.) Neatly print your name: Signature: (Note that unsigned exams will be given a score of zero.) Circle your lecture section (-1 point if not circled, or circled incorrectly): Prof. Dabiri Prof. Wassgren Prof.

More information

PHYSICAL MECHANISM OF CONVECTION

PHYSICAL MECHANISM OF CONVECTION Tue 8:54:24 AM Slide Nr. 0 of 33 Slides PHYSICAL MECHANISM OF CONVECTION Heat transfer through a fluid is by convection in the presence of bulk fluid motion and by conduction in the absence of it. Chapter

More information

Aerodynamics. Basic Aerodynamics. Continuity equation (mass conserved) Some thermodynamics. Energy equation (energy conserved)

Aerodynamics. Basic Aerodynamics. Continuity equation (mass conserved) Some thermodynamics. Energy equation (energy conserved) Flow with no friction (inviscid) Aerodynamics Basic Aerodynamics Continuity equation (mass conserved) Flow with friction (viscous) Momentum equation (F = ma) 1. Euler s equation 2. Bernoulli s equation

More information

10 minutes reading time is allowed for this paper.

10 minutes reading time is allowed for this paper. EGT1 ENGINEERING TRIPOS PART IB Tuesday 31 May 2016 2 to 4 Paper 4 THERMOFLUID MECHANICS Answer not more than four questions. Answer not more than two questions from each section. All questions carry the

More information

CHAPTER 5 MASS AND ENERGY ANALYSIS OF CONTROL VOLUMES

CHAPTER 5 MASS AND ENERGY ANALYSIS OF CONTROL VOLUMES Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach 8th Edition in SI Units Yunus A. Çengel, Michael A. Boles McGraw-Hill, 2015 CHAPTER 5 MASS AND ENERGY ANALYSIS OF CONTROL VOLUMES Lecture slides by Dr. Fawzi Elfghi

More information

APPLIED FLUID DYNAMICS HANDBOOK

APPLIED FLUID DYNAMICS HANDBOOK APPLIED FLUID DYNAMICS HANDBOOK ROBERT D. BLEVINS H imhnisdia ttodisdiule Darmstadt Fachbereich Mechanik 'rw.-nr.. [VNR1 VAN NOSTRAND REINHOLD COMPANY ' ' New York Contents Preface / v 1. Definitions /

More information

Convective Mass Transfer

Convective Mass Transfer Convective Mass Transfer Definition of convective mass transfer: The transport of material between a boundary surface and a moving fluid or between two immiscible moving fluids separated by a mobile interface

More information

Turbulent Compressible Flow in a Slender Tube

Turbulent Compressible Flow in a Slender Tube Turbulent Compressible Flow in a Slender Tube Kurt O. Lund* 1, and Christine M. Lord 2 1 COMSOL Consultant, 2 Lord Engineering Corp. *Corresponding author: 135 Sixth Street, Del Mar, CA 92014, kurtlund@roadrunner.com

More information

Heat Transfer F12-ENG Lab #4 Forced convection School of Engineering, UC Merced.

Heat Transfer F12-ENG Lab #4 Forced convection School of Engineering, UC Merced. 1 Heat Transfer F12-ENG-135 - Lab #4 Forced convection School of Engineering, UC Merced. October 23, 2012 1 General purpose of the Laboratory To gain a physical understanding of the behavior of the average

More information

Chapter 6. Losses due to Fluid Friction

Chapter 6. Losses due to Fluid Friction Chapter 6 Losses due to Fluid Friction 1 Objectives ä To measure the pressure drop in the straight section of smooth, rough, and packed pipes as a function of flow rate. ä To correlate this in terms of

More information

Consider a control volume in the form of a straight section of a streamtube ABCD.

Consider a control volume in the form of a straight section of a streamtube ABCD. 6 MOMENTUM EQUATION 6.1 Momentum and Fluid Flow In mechanics, the momentum of a particle or object is defined as the product of its mass m and its velocity v: Momentum = mv The particles of a fluid stream

More information

ME332 FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORY (PART II)

ME332 FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORY (PART II) ME332 FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORY (PART II) Mihir Sen Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, IN 46556 Version: April 2, 2002 Contents Unit 5: Momentum transfer

More information

Flow rate and mass flow rate

Flow rate and mass flow rate EEN-E1040 Measurement and control of energy systems Flow measurements / 14 Sep 2017 WELCOME! v. 01 / T. Paloposki Flow rate and mass flow rate Consider the system shown here 1 Volume flow rate through

More information

[Prasanna m a*et al., 5(6): July, 2016] ISSN: IC Value: 3.00 Impact Factor: 4.116

[Prasanna m a*et al., 5(6): July, 2016] ISSN: IC Value: 3.00 Impact Factor: 4.116 IJESRT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF COMPRESSIBLE EFFECT IN THE FLOW METERING BY CLASSICAL VENTURIMETER Prasanna M A *, Dr V Seshadri, Yogesh

More information

Chapter 2 Single Phase Flow in Pneumatic Conveying Systems

Chapter 2 Single Phase Flow in Pneumatic Conveying Systems Chapter Single Phase Flow in Pneumatic Conveying Systems Abstract This Chapter on single phase flow provides the basis for pneumatic conveying of solids in laying out the fundamental premises of single

More information

In which of the following scenarios is applying the following form of Bernoulli s equation: steady, inviscid, uniform stream of water. Ma = 0.

In which of the following scenarios is applying the following form of Bernoulli s equation: steady, inviscid, uniform stream of water. Ma = 0. bernoulli_11 In which of the following scenarios is applying the following form of Bernoulli s equation: p V z constant! g + g + = from point 1 to point valid? a. 1 stagnant column of water steady, inviscid,

More information

2 Internal Fluid Flow

2 Internal Fluid Flow Internal Fluid Flow.1 Definitions Fluid Dynamics The study of fluids in motion. Static Pressure The pressure at a given point exerted by the static head of the fluid present directly above that point.

More information

Please welcome for any correction or misprint in the entire manuscript and your valuable suggestions kindly mail us

Please welcome for any correction or misprint in the entire manuscript and your valuable suggestions kindly mail us Problems of Practices Of Fluid Mechanics Compressible Fluid Flow Prepared By Brij Bhooshan Asst. Professor B. S. A. College of Engg. And Technology Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, (India) Supported By: Purvi Bhooshan

More information

Chapter (4) Motion of Fluid Particles and Streams

Chapter (4) Motion of Fluid Particles and Streams Chapter (4) Motion of Fluid Particles and Streams Read all Theoretical subjects from (slides Dr.K.AlASTAL) Patterns of Flow Reynolds Number (R e ): A dimensionless number used to identify the type of flow.

More information

UNIT I Basic concepts and Work & Heat Transfer

UNIT I Basic concepts and Work & Heat Transfer SIDDHARTH GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS :: PUTTUR Siddharth Nagar, Narayanavanam Road 517583 QUESTION BANK (DESCRIPTIVE) Subject with Code: Engineering Thermodynamics (16ME307) Year & Sem: II-B. Tech & II-Sem

More information

5/6/ :41 PM. Chapter 6. Using Entropy. Dr. Mohammad Abuhaiba, PE

5/6/ :41 PM. Chapter 6. Using Entropy. Dr. Mohammad Abuhaiba, PE Chapter 6 Using Entropy 1 2 Chapter Objective Means are introduced for analyzing systems from the 2 nd law perspective as they undergo processes that are not necessarily cycles. Objective: introduce entropy

More information

T H E R M O D Y N A M I C S M T

T H E R M O D Y N A M I C S M T T H E R M O D Y N A M I C S M T THERMODYNAMICS AND RATE PROCESSES CONTENTS CHAPTER DESCRIPTION PAGE NO 1 Thermodynamics NOTES 1.1. Definitions 1 1.2. Laws of Thermodynamics 3 1.2.1. Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

More information