Fuzzy n-normed Space and Fuzzy n-inner Product Space

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Fuzzy n-normed Space and Fuzzy n-inner Product Space"

Transcription

1 Global Joural o Pure ad Applied Matheatics. ISSN Volue 3, Nuber 9 (07), pp Research Idia Publicatios Fuzzy -Nored Space ad Fuzzy -Ier Product Space Mashadi ad Abdul Hadi Departet o Matheatics Faculty o Matheatics ad Natural Scieces, Uiversity o Riau Pekabaru, Idoesia. Abstract I this paper we costruct a ew cocept o uzzy -ored space ad uzzy -ier product space. First, we show that every -ored space ca be costructed as a uzzy -ored space. The we show that every -ored space is a uzzy -ored space ad every uzzy -ored space ca also be reduced to a uzzy -ored space. Furtherore, or every -ier product space ca be costructed a uzzy -ier product space. Fially we show that every -ier product space is a uzzy -ier product space ad every uzzy -ier product space is a uzzy -ored space. Keywords: Fuzzy -ored space, uzzy -ored space, uzzy -ier product space. INTRODUCTION Fuzzy set theory was irst itroduced by L. Zadeh o 965. This theory cotiues to evolve i various disciplies. I atheatics, especially atheatical aalysis, uzzy cocept has bee developed i uzzy -ored space ad uzzy -ier product. Util ow, it has bee widely oud outcoes related to uzzy ored space ad uzzy ier product space. It has bee prove i [6] that every -ored space is a ored space ad i [3] ad [] has also bee deostrated that the ored space ad uzzy ored space is equivalet so that every -ored space is certaily a uzzy ored space. O the other had, i [5] it has also bee deostrated that the -ored spaces ad uzzy -ored spaces are also equivalet. However, uexplored i geeral how are the relatioship betwee -ored space with uzzy

2 4796 Mashadi ad Abdul Hadi -ored space ad uzzy -ored space with uzzy ored space. Moreover, [7] has proved that every -ier product space is a -ored space. Ad [] has also proved that the ier product space ad uzzy ier product space are equivalet. Moreover, it also has bee prove i [5] that every -ier product space is a space uzzy -ier product. However, uexplored i geeral how are the relatioship betwee the -ier product space ad uzzy - ier product space ad uzzy -ored space. I this paper, irst we give a deiitio o uzzy -ored ad uzzy -ier product that are dieret ro deiitio o uzzy -ored i [] ad uzzy -ier product i [7] which is also dieret ro the deiitio put orward by other authors. The soe theores are give to shows the relatioship aog -ored space, uzzy -ored space, uzzy ored space, -ier product ad uzzy -ier product space. For ore details, oe ca see a chart i the Figure. (Blue arrows show the ew theore i this paper) NS [5] NS NS [6] ( )NS [,3] FNS [3] [5] FNS [5] [7] FNS F( )NS IPS [] [9,] IPS [6] [5] IPS FIPS [5] FIPS FIPS Notes: NS: -Nor Space; FNS: Fuzzy -Nored Space; IPS: -Ier Product Space; FIPS : Fuzzy -Ier Product Space. Figure. The relatioship aog -ored space, uzzy -ored space, -ier product space ad uzzy -ier product space. DISCUSSION Let X be ay oepty set. The a uzzy set A i X is characterized by a ebership uctio : X [0,]. The A ca be writte as A A {( x, ( x )) x X,0 ( x ) }. A A

3 Fuzzy -Nored Space ad Fuzzy -Ier Product Space 4797 Deiitio o uzzy poit has bee widely discussed by various authors, aog others are as ollows [9-3 ad 5]: Deiitio A Fuzzy poit P x i X is a uzzy set whose ebership uctio is i y x P x ( y) 0 i y x or all y X, where 0. We deote uzzy poits as x or ( x, ). Deiitio Two uzzy poits x ad y is said equal i x y ad where, (0,]. Deiitio 3 Let x be a uzzy poit ad A be a uzzy set i X. The x is said belog to A or x A i ( x ). A Let X be a vector space over a ield K ad A be a uzzy set i X. The A is said to be a uzzy subspace i X i or all x, y X ad K satisy (i) ( x y) i{ ( x), ( y)} A A A (ii) ( x) ( x). A A Fuzzy ored space is deied i various ways. The deiitio based o a istituiistic approach is dieret ro the uzzy poit approach. The ollowig are give the deiitio o uzzy ored space based o the uzzy poit approach as discussed o [5], ad deiitio o uzzy ored used i this paper is as give by [] ad [5]. Deiitio 4 Let X be a vector space over a ield K, be a uctio that associates each poit x uber so that (FN) x 0 i oly i x 0. (FN) x x or all K. i A, (0,] ad let : A [0, ) to oegative real

4 4798 Mashadi ad Abdul Hadi (FN3) x y x y. (FN4) I 0, the x x ad there exists 0, such that li x x. The is called a uzzy or o X ad a pair ( X, ) is called a uzzy ored space. Deiitio 5 Let N da X be a vector space over R with di( X). Deie uctio,, : X X X R with ( x, x,..., x) x, x,..., x. ties Fuctio,, is called -or o X i or every x, x,..., x, y, z X satisyig the coditios: (N) x, x,..., x 0 i oly i x, x,..., x liearly depedet. (N) x, x,..., x ivariat uder perutatio. (N3) x, x,..., x x, x,..., x or ay R. (N4) x, x,..., x, y z x, x,..., x, y x, x,..., x, z. A pair ( X;,, ) is called -ored space. Fro deiitio o -or ad uzzy or o X above, based o the -ored costructio o [6], the author costructs a ew uctio to produce a ew space that called uzzy -ored as ollows. Deiitio 6 Let N ad X be a vector space over R.,, : A A A 0, ties Deie uctio where ( x, x,..., x ) x, x,..., x () ( ) () ( ) () ( ) () ( ) 0, ad x A or i,,.... Fuctio,, is called Fuzzy with -ored i satisy the coditios : x, x,..., x 0 i oly i () ( ) (FN) () ( ) () ( ) x, x,..., x liearly depedet.

5 Fuzzy -Nored Space ad Fuzzy -Ier Product Space 4799 x, x,..., x ivariat uder perutatio. () ( ) (FN) () ( ) () ( ) () ( ) (FN3) () ( ) () ( ) x, x,..., rx r x, x,..., x or r R. (FN4) x x ( ) y z x x ( ) y x x ( ) z ( ) ( ) ( ),...,,,...,,,...,,. (FN5) I 0 or,,..., i i the x, x..., x x, x,..., x () ( ) () ( ) () ( ) ad there exist i ad N such that 0 or,,..., li x, x..., x x, x..., x. () ( ) () ( ) () ( ) () ( ) A pair ( X,, ) is called Fuzzy -Nored Space. I [3], [] ad [0] it is proved that every ored space is uzzy ored space. Coversely is also true. I other side, i [5] it is also etioed that -ored space ad uzzy -ored space is equivalet. The ollowig is give a theore that esures that ay every -ored spaces is uzzy -ored space. Theore 7 Let N, X be a vector space over R ad di( X). Suppose ( X;,..., ) is -ored space. Deie where x, x,..., x x, x,..., x () ( ) () ( ) () ( ) ax,,,. The ( X,..., ) is uzzy -ored space. Proo. Suppose x, y, z A, (0,] or i,,..., ad r R. The (FN) () ( ) x, x,..., x 0 x, x,..., x 0 () ( ) () ( ) () ( ) x, x,..., x 0 () ( ) x, x,..., x are liearly depedet. (FN) Sice () ( ) x, x,..., x is ivariat uder perutatio, the

6 4800 Mashadi ad Abdul Hadi () ( ) x, x (),..., x ( ) is ivariat uder perutatio. (FN3) () ( ) () ( x ), x (),..., rx ( ) x, x,..., rx r x, x,..., x r x, x,..., x () ( ) () ( ) r x, x,..., x () ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (FN4) ( ) ( ) x,..., x, y z x,..., x,( y z) with ax{, ) x,..., x, y z ad ax{,...,, } ( ) ( ) x,..., x, y x,..., x, z ( ) ( ) x,..., x, y x,..., x, z ( ) ( ) x,..., x, y x,..., x, z ( ) ( ) ( ),..., x x ( ), z ( ) x (,..., ) x (, y) where ax{,...,, } ad ax{,...,, } ( ) ( ) (FN5) Suppose ax { } ad i{,..., } i ax { }. i{,..., } I i i, the, such that 0 or,,...,. The x, x..., x x, x,..., x x, x,..., x () ( ) () ( ) ( ) ( ) () ( ) x, x,..., x. () ( ) Further, suppose Hi { r 0 r } or i,,...,. Sice Hi is bouded, the there is a sequece di Hi or i,,..., that coverges. Costruct () sequece i where or i,,...,. The sequece

7 Fuzzy -Nored Space ad Fuzzy -Ier Product Space 480 coverges to or i,,...,. I sequece coverges to such that ad () ax { i } i{,..., } the ax { }, i{,..., } li x, x..., x li x, x,..., x () ( ) () ( ) ( ) ( ) x, x,..., x () ( ) x, x..., x. () ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) I [6], it is described that every -ored space is or space. The ollowig is give a theore which states that uzzy -ored space is uzzy ored space. Theore 8 Let ( X,,..., ) be a uzzy -ored space or all. Deie x x, a,..., a x, a ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) where a,..., a ( ) ored space. are liearly idepedet vectors. The ( X,. ) is uzzy Proo. (FN) I x 0 the obviously x 0. I x 0 the ( ) ( ) x, a,..., a x, a 0. Sice x, a ( ) 0, the x, a ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) liearly ( ) ( ) depedet. But, sice a ( ) liearly idepedet, the x t a ( ) or soe t R. x, a,..., a 0, ( ) Sice ( ) the ( ) I other side, sice a,..., a ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ta, a,..., a 0 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) t a, a,..., a 0. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) are liearly idepedet vectors. The a, a,..., a 0 so ust ecessarily t 0 or t 0. Cosequetly, x t a 0a 0. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) x x, a,..., a x, a ( ) ( ) (FN) ( ) ( )

8 480 Mashadi ad Abdul Hadi x a,,..., a x a, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) x a,,..., a x a, x. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) x y x y, a,..., a x y, a ( ) ( ) (FN3) ( ) ( ) x, a,..., a y a,,..., a x a, y a, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) x, a,..., a x a, y, a,..., a y a, x ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) y (FN4) I 0 the use (FN4), So that x, a,..., a x, a,..., a ad x, a x, a. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) x x, a,..., a x, a x, a,..., a x, a x. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Further, there exist i ad N 0 or,,..., so usig (FN5), li x, a,..., a x, a,..., a ad li x, a x, a. So that ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) li x li x, a,..., a x, a ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) li x, a,..., a li x, a ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) x, a,..., a x, a ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) x. I [6], it be proved that every -ored space is (-) ored space. The ollowig, we will proo a theore which states that every uzzy -ored space is uzzy (-) ored space.

9 Fuzzy -Nored Space ad Fuzzy -Ier Product Space 4803 Theore 9 Let ( X,,..., ) be uzzy -ored space or all. Deie () ( ) () ( ) ( i), (),..., ( ) ax, (),..., ( ), ( i) i{,..., } x x x x x x a ( ) where a,..., a ( ) (-)-ored space. Proo. are liearly idepedet vectors. The ( X,.,...,. ) is uzzy () ( ) () ( ) ( i) I x, x (),..., x ( ) are liearly depedet, the x, x (),..., x ( ), a ( i) or () ( ) ( i) i,..., are liearly depedet too so that x, x (),..., x ( ), a ( i) 0 () ( ) i,...,. As a result, x, x (),..., x ( ) 0. Coversely, i () ( ) () ( ) ( i) x, x (),..., x ( ) 0, the x, x (),..., x ( ), a ( i) 0 or i,...,. () ( ) ( i) The x, x (),..., x ( ), a ( i) a,..., a ( ) ( ) or or i,..., are liearly depedet. Sice are liearly idepedet vectors, the we ust have () ( ) x, x (),..., x ( ) liearly depedet. () ( ) ( i) () Sice x, x (),..., x ( ), a ( i) x, x,..., x () ( ) () ( ) is ivariat uder perutatios, the is ivariat uder perutatios too. (3) () ( ) () ( ) ( ) () ( ) () (,,..., ax,,..., ), ( i x x rx ) x x rx a i i{,..., } () ( ) ( i) ax r x, x (),..., x ( ), a ( i) i{,..., } () ( i ( ) r ax x x, (),..., x ( a) i, ( ) i{,..., } () ( ) () ( ) r x, x,..., x or all r R. (4) () ( ) () ( ) ( ) x, x (),..., x ( ), y z ax x, x (),..., x ( ), y z, a ( i ) i i{,..., } () ( ) ( i) () ( ) ( i) ax x, x (),..., x ( ), y, a ( i) x, x (),..., x ( ), z, a ( i) i{,..., } () ( ) ( i) () ( ) ( i) ax x, x (),..., x ( ), y, a ( i) ax x, x (),..., x ( ), z, a ( i) i{,..., } i{,..., } () ( ) () ( ) () ( ) () ( ) x, x,..., x, y x, x,..., x, z

10 4804 Mashadi ad Abdul Hadi (5) I ad there exist 0 or,,..., i i the () ( ) () ( ) ( i) (,)..., ( ) ( ) ax, (,..., ) ( ), i ( ) ( ) i{,..., } x x x x x x a ax x, x,..., x, a () ( ) ( i) i{,..., } ( i ) () ( ) x, x,..., x 0 or i,,..., ad ad N such that () ( ) () ( ) ( i) li x, x ()..., x ( ) li ax x, x ()..., x ( ), a ( i) {,..., } i ax li x, x..., x, a () ( ) ( i) () ( ) ( i) i{,..., } ax x, x,..., x, a () ( ) ( i) () ( ) ( i) i{,..., } x, x,..., x () ( ) () ( ) 0 or i,,..., Corollary 0 Every uzzy -ored space is a uzzy r-ored space or r,...,. I particular, every uzzy -ored space is a uzzy ored space. Proo. This is a direct result o Theore 9. Corollary Every -ored space is a uzzy ored space. Proo. Apply Theore 7 da 8. Whereas the relatioship betwee the ored space ad the uzzy ored space ad vice versa has bee discussed i [5] ad [6]. Theore Let ( X,. ) be a ored space. Deie x x or all x X where (0,]. The ( X,. ) is a uzzy ored space.

11 Fuzzy -Nored Space ad Fuzzy -Ier Product Space 4805 Theore 3 Let ( X,. ) be uzzy ored space. Deie x x ( x,) or all x X. The ( X,. ) is a or space. Corollary 4 Every uzzy -ored space is a or space. Proo. Apply Corollary 0 da Theore 3. The ollowig is give the deiitio o -ier product that is dieret ro the deiitio i [7] ad []. Deiitio 5 Let N ad, X be a vector space over R ad di( X). Fuctio,,, : X X X R is called -ier product o ties X i or every x, x,..., x, y, z X satisy the coditios : (IP) x, x x,..., x 0 ad x, x x,..., x 0 i oly i x, x,..., x liearly depedet. (IP) x, y x,..., x y, x x,..., x. (IP3) x, y x,..., x ivariat uder perutatio x,..., x. (IP4) 3 x, x x,..., x x, x x, x,..., x. (IP5) x, x x,..., x x, x x,..., x or R. (IP6) y z x x x y x x x z x x x,,...,,,...,,,...,. A pair ( X,,,, ) is called -ier product space. Deiitio 6 Let X be a vector space over K C atau K R. Deie uctio, : A A K with x, y x, y ( ) or every x, y A, where i{, }, ad, (0,]. For every x, y, z A, i{,, } ad,, (0,]. Fuctio, is called uzzy ier product i it satisies the coditios:

12 4806 Mashadi ad Abdul Hadi (FIP) x, x ( ) 0 ad x, x ( ) 0 i oly i x 0. (FIP) x, y ( ) y, x ( ). (FIP3) rx, y ( ) r x, y ( ) or r K. (FIP4) x y, z ( ) x, z ( ) y, z ( ). (FIP5) I 0 the x, x ( ) x, x ( ), ad there exist 0 so that li x, x ( ) x, x ( ). A pair ( X,, ) is called uzzy ier product space. Fro deiitio o -ier product ad uzzy ier product o X above, ca be costructed a ew uctio called uzzy -ier product as ollows. Deiitio 7 Let N ad, X be a vector space over R ad di( X). Deie uctio with where ~ ~ ~,,, : A A A 0, ties x, x x,..., x x, x x,..., x ( ) () ( ) () ( ) () ( ) i { }, i(,..., } 0, ad ( x ) A or i,,.... Fuctio,,, is called uzzy -ier product i it satisies the coditios : (FIP) () ( ) () ( ) x x x x x x x P X,,..., ( ) 0 or,,..., ( ) ad depedet. () ( ) x, x x,..., x ( ) 0 i oly i () ( ) x, x,..., x are liearly (FIP) () ( ) () ( ) x, y x,..., x ( ) y, x x,..., x ( ) where i {, }. i(,..., } (FIP3) i {, }. i(,..., } () ( ) x, y x,..., x ( ) ivariat uder perutatio where (FIP4) () ( ) () () (3) ( ) x, x x,..., x ( ) x, x x, x,..., x ( ).

13 Fuzzy -Nored Space ad Fuzzy -Ier Product Space 4807 (FIP5) (FIP6) () ( ) () ( ) rx x x x r x x x x r R,,..., ( ),,..., ( ) or. () ( ) () ( ) () ( ) x z, y x,..., x ( ) x, y x,..., x ( ) z, y x,..., x ( ). where i {,, }. i(,..., } (FIP7) I 0 the ad there exist 0 so that () ( ) () ( ) x, x x,..., x ( ) x, x x,..., x ( ) () ( ) () ( ) li x, x x,..., x ( ) x, x x,..., x ( ). A pair ( X,,,, ) is called uzzy -ier product space. I [] it is proved that every ier product space is uzzy ier product space. Coversely is also true. The ollowig is provided theore that esure that every -ier product space is uzzy -ier product space. Theore 8 Let ( X,,,, ) be a -ier product space. Deie () () ( ) () ( ) x, x x (),, x x, x x,, x ( ) x, x x,, x. The ( X;,,, ) is a uzzy -ier product space. Proo. (FIP) () ( ) () ( ) x, x x,, x ( ) x, x x,, x 0. () ( ) () ( ) x, x x,, x ( ) 0 x, x x,, x 0 () ( ) x, x x,, x 0 () ( ) x x,, x liearly depedet. (FIP) x, y x,..., x ( ) x, y x,..., x () ( ) () ( )

14 4808 Mashadi ad Abdul Hadi (FIP3) Applyig (IP3), that is () ( ) x,..., x. The perutatio where y, x x,..., x () ( ) y x x x () ( ),,..., ( ). () ( ) x, y x,..., x is ivariat uder perutatio () ( ) () ( ),,..., x y x x ( ) x, y x,..., x ivariat uder i {, }. i(,..., } (FIP4) (FIP5) (FIP6) x, x x,..., x ( ) x, x x,..., x () ( ) () ( ) x, x x, x,..., x () () (3) ( ) () () (3) ( ) x, x x, x,..., x ( ). rx, x x,..., x ( ) rx, x x,..., x () ( ) () ( ) () ( ) r x, x x,..., x () ( ) r x, x x,..., x. () ( ) r x x x x r x z, y x,..., x ( ) x z, y x,..., x () ( ) () ( ),,..., ( ) or all. x, y x,..., x z y x, x,..., x, y x,..., x z, y x,..., x () ( ) () ( ) () ( ) () ( ) x, y x,..., x ( ) z, y x,..., x ( ). () ( ) () ( ) where i {,, }. i(,..., } (FIP7) I 0 the. We get

15 Fuzzy -Nored Space ad Fuzzy -Ier Product Space 4809 x, x x,..., x x, x x,..., x () ( ) () ( ) () ( ) () ( ) x, x x,..., x ( ) x, x x,..., x ( ) ad there exists 0 with coverges to. So that li x, x x,..., x ( ) li x, x x,..., x () ( ) () ( ) x, x x,..., x () ( ) () ( ) x x x x,,..., ( ). I [] it is proved that every uzzy ier product space is uzzy ored space. However, coversely is ot true. For exaple, oe ca see i [9]. I other side, i [5] it proved that uzzy -ier product space is uzzy -ored space, but or geeral case has ot yet provided. The ollowig is give a theore which esures that every uzzy -ier product space is a uzzy -ored space. Theore 9 Let ( X,,,, ) be a uzzy -ier product space or. Deie x, x,..., x x, x x,, x () ( ) () ( ) () ( ) () ( ) with 0, ad x A or i,,.... the ( X;,..., ) is a uzzy -ored space. () ( ) () ( ) Proo.(FN) x, x (),..., x ( ) 0 x, x x (),, x ( ) 0 () ( ) (FN) () ( ) () ( ) x, x,..., x liearly depedet. x, x,..., x ivariat uder perutatio. (FN3) rx, x,..., x rx, rx x,, x () ( ) () ( ) () ( ) () ( )

16 480 Mashadi ad Abdul Hadi r x, rx x,, x () ( ) ( ) ( ) r rx, x x,, x () ( ) ( ) ( ) r x, x x,, x () ( ) ( ) ( ) r x, x x,, x () ( ) ( ) ( ) () ( ) r x, x ( ),..., ( ) x or all r R. (FN4) ( ) ( ) ( ) x,..., x, y z y z, x,..., x ( ) y z, y z x,, x ( ) ( ) y, y z x,, x z, y z x,, x ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) y z, y x,, x y z, z x,, x ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) y, y x,, x ( ) z, y x,, x ( ) y, z x,, x ( ) z, z x,, x ( ) ( ) y, y x,, x y, z x,, x z, z x,, x ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) y, x,..., x y, x,..., x z, x,..., x z, x,..., ( ) y, x,..., x z, x,..., x so that ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) x,..., x, y x,..., x, z. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (FN5) I ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) x,..., x, y z x,..., x, y x,..., x, z. 0 or,,..., i i the x x, x..., x x, x x,, x () ( ) () ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) x, x x,, x () ( ) x, x,..., x. () ( )

17 Fuzzy -Nored Space ad Fuzzy -Ier Product Space 48 ad there exist i ad N so that 0 or,,..., li x, x..., x li x, x x..., x () ( ) () ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) li x, x x..., x () ( ) ( ) ( ) x, x x,, x () ( ) ( ) ( ) x, x..., x. () ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Corollary 0 Every -ier product space is uzzy -ored space. Proo. Apply Theore 8 ad 9. REFERENCES [] Bill Jacob., 989, Liear Algebra, W.H. Freea ad Copay, New York. [] Erwi, K., 978, Itroductory Fuctioal Aalysis with Applicatios, Joh Wiley ad Sos. Ic. [3] Guawa.H., ad Mashadi., 00, "O iite-diesioal -ored spaces, Soochow J. Math, 7, pp [4] Guawa, H., ad Mashadi., 00, O -ored spaces, It. J. Math. Math. Sci., 7,pp [5] Guawa, H., 00, Ier Products O -Ier Product Spaces, Soochow Joural O Matheatics., 8, pp [6] Guawa, H., 00, O -ier products, -ors ad the Cauchy-Schwarz iequality, Sci. Math. Jp., 55, pp [7] Kider, J. R., ad Sabre, R.I., 00, Fuzzy Hilbert Spaces, Eg. Tech. J. 8, pp [8] Kider, J. R., 0, O Fuzzy Nored Spaces, J. Egieerig ad Techology, 9, pp [9] Kider, J. R., 0, Copletio o uzzy ored space, Eg. Tech. J. 9, pp [0] Kider, J. R., 004, Fuzzy Locally Covex, Algebra, Ph.D. Thesis. Techology Uiversity, Baghdad.

18 48 Mashadi ad Abdul Hadi [] Kider, J. R, 0, New Fuzzy Nored Spaces, J. Baghdad Sci., 9, pp [] Mashadi., ad Sri Geawati., 05, Soe Alterative Cocepts or Fuzzy Nored Space ad Fuzzy -Nored Space, JP Joural o Matheatical Scieces, 4, pp [3] Misiak, A., 989, -ier product spaces, Math. Nachr., 40, PP [4] Narayaa., ad Vijayabalaji, S., 005, Fuzzy -ored liear space, It. J. Math. Math. Sci., 4, PP [5] Parijat Siha, O Fuzzy -Ier Product Spaces, Iteratioal Joural o Fuzzy Matheatics ad Systes, 3 (03), [6] S. Vijayabalaji ad Natesa Thillaigovida, Fuzzy -Ier Product Space, Korea Matheatical Society, 43 (007), [7] Zadeh,L.A., 965, Fuzzy Set, Ioratio ad Cotrol, 8, pp

Int. Journal of Math. Analysis, Vol. 6, 2012, no. 31, S. Panayappan

Int. Journal of Math. Analysis, Vol. 6, 2012, no. 31, S. Panayappan It Joural of Math Aalysis, Vol 6, 0, o 3, 53 58 O Power Class ( Operators S Paayappa Departet of Matheatics Goveret Arts College, Coibatore 6408 ailadu, Idia paayappa@gailco N Sivaai Departet of Matheatics

More information

Generalization of Contraction Principle on G-Metric Spaces

Generalization of Contraction Principle on G-Metric Spaces Global Joural of Pure ad Applied Mathematics. ISSN 0973-1768 Volume 14, Number 9 2018), pp. 1159-1165 Research Idia Publicatios http://www.ripublicatio.com Geeralizatio of Cotractio Priciple o G-Metric

More information

CS321. Numerical Analysis and Computing

CS321. Numerical Analysis and Computing CS Numerical Aalysis ad Computig Lecture Locatig Roots o Equatios Proessor Ju Zhag Departmet o Computer Sciece Uiversity o Ketucky Leigto KY 456-6 September 8 5 What is the Root May physical system ca

More information

Properties of Fuzzy Length on Fuzzy Set

Properties of Fuzzy Length on Fuzzy Set Ope Access Library Joural 206, Volume 3, e3068 ISSN Olie: 2333-972 ISSN Prit: 2333-9705 Properties of Fuzzy Legth o Fuzzy Set Jehad R Kider, Jaafar Imra Mousa Departmet of Mathematics ad Computer Applicatios,

More information

On Convergence in n-inner Product Spaces

On Convergence in n-inner Product Spaces BULLETIN of the Bull Malasia Math Sc Soc (Secod Series) 5 (00) -6 MALAYSIAN MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES SOCIETY O Covergece i -Ier Product Spaces HENDRA GUNAWAN Departmet of Mathematics Badug Istitute of Techolog

More information

Lecture 10: Bounded Linear Operators and Orthogonality in Hilbert Spaces

Lecture 10: Bounded Linear Operators and Orthogonality in Hilbert Spaces Lecture : Bouded Liear Operators ad Orthogoality i Hilbert Spaces 34 Bouded Liear Operator Let ( X, ), ( Y, ) i i be ored liear vector spaces ad { } X Y The, T is said to be bouded if a real uber c such

More information

CS537. Numerical Analysis and Computing

CS537. Numerical Analysis and Computing CS57 Numerical Aalysis ad Computig Lecture Locatig Roots o Equatios Proessor Ju Zhag Departmet o Computer Sciece Uiversity o Ketucky Leigto KY 456-6 Jauary 9 9 What is the Root May physical system ca be

More information

International Journal of Mathematical Archive-4(9), 2013, 1-5 Available online through ISSN

International Journal of Mathematical Archive-4(9), 2013, 1-5 Available online through   ISSN Iteratioal Joural o Matheatical Archive-4(9), 03, -5 Available olie through www.ija.io ISSN 9 5046 THE CUBIC RATE OF CONVERGENCE OF GENERALIZED EXTRAPOLATED NEWTON RAPHSON METHOD FOR SOLVING NONLINEAR

More information

On Some Properties of Tensor Product of Operators

On Some Properties of Tensor Product of Operators Global Joural of Pure ad Applied Matheatics. ISSN 0973-1768 Volue 12, Nuber 6 (2016), pp. 5139-5147 Research Idia Publicatios http://www.ripublicatio.co/gjpa.ht O Soe Properties of Tesor Product of Operators

More information

42 Dependence and Bases

42 Dependence and Bases 42 Depedece ad Bases The spa s(a) of a subset A i vector space V is a subspace of V. This spa ay be the whole vector space V (we say the A spas V). I this paragraph we study subsets A of V which spa V

More information

Compositions of Fuzzy T -Ideals in Ternary -Semi ring

Compositions of Fuzzy T -Ideals in Ternary -Semi ring Iteratioal Joural of Advaced i Maageet, Techology ad Egieerig Scieces Copositios of Fuy T -Ideals i Terary -Sei rig RevathiK, 2, SudarayyaP 3, Madhusudhaa RaoD 4, Siva PrasadP 5 Research Scholar, Departet

More information

McGill University Math 354: Honors Analysis 3 Fall 2012 Solutions to selected problems. x y

McGill University Math 354: Honors Analysis 3 Fall 2012 Solutions to selected problems. x y McGill Uiversity Math 354: Hoors Aalysis 3 Fall 212 Assigmet 3 Solutios to selected problems Problem 1. Lipschitz uctios. Let M K be the set o all uctios cotiuous uctios o [, 1] satisyig a Lipschitz coditio

More information

Lecture 11. Solution of Nonlinear Equations - III

Lecture 11. Solution of Nonlinear Equations - III Eiciecy o a ethod Lecture Solutio o Noliear Equatios - III The eiciecy ide o a iterative ethod is deied by / E r r: rate o covergece o the ethod : total uber o uctios ad derivative evaluatios at each step

More information

Statistically Convergent Double Sequence Spaces in 2-Normed Spaces Defined by Orlicz Function

Statistically Convergent Double Sequence Spaces in 2-Normed Spaces Defined by Orlicz Function Applied Mathematics, 0,, 398-40 doi:0.436/am.0.4048 Published Olie April 0 (http://www.scirp.org/oural/am) Statistically Coverget Double Sequece Spaces i -Normed Spaces Defied by Orlic Fuctio Abstract

More information

Fixed Point Theorems for Expansive Mappings in G-metric Spaces

Fixed Point Theorems for Expansive Mappings in G-metric Spaces Turkish Joural of Aalysis ad Number Theory, 7, Vol. 5, No., 57-6 Available olie at http://pubs.sciepub.com/tjat/5//3 Sciece ad Educatio Publishig DOI:.69/tjat-5--3 Fixed Poit Theorems for Expasive Mappigs

More information

A New Family of Multipoint Iterative Methods for Finding Multiple Roots of Nonlinear Equations

A New Family of Multipoint Iterative Methods for Finding Multiple Roots of Nonlinear Equations Aerica Joural o Coputatioal ad Applied Matheatics 3, 3(3: 68-73 DOI:.593/j.ajca.333.3 A New Faily o Multipoit Iterative Methods or Fidig Multiple Roots o Noliear Equatios R. Thukral Padé Research Cetre,

More information

ON THE FUZZY METRIC SPACES

ON THE FUZZY METRIC SPACES The Joural of Mathematics ad Computer Sciece Available olie at http://www.tjmcs.com The Joural of Mathematics ad Computer Sciece Vol.2 No.3 2) 475-482 ON THE FUZZY METRIC SPACES Received: July 2, Revised:

More information

SOME SEQUENCE SPACES DEFINED BY ORLICZ FUNCTIONS

SOME SEQUENCE SPACES DEFINED BY ORLICZ FUNCTIONS ARCHIVU ATHEATICU BRNO Tomus 40 2004, 33 40 SOE SEQUENCE SPACES DEFINED BY ORLICZ FUNCTIONS E. SAVAŞ AND R. SAVAŞ Abstract. I this paper we itroduce a ew cocept of λ-strog covergece with respect to a Orlicz

More information

Common Coupled Fixed Point of Mappings Satisfying Rational Inequalities in Ordered Complex Valued Generalized Metric Spaces

Common Coupled Fixed Point of Mappings Satisfying Rational Inequalities in Ordered Complex Valued Generalized Metric Spaces IOSR Joural of Mathematics (IOSR-JM) e-issn: 78-578, p-issn:319-765x Volume 10, Issue 3 Ver II (May-Ju 014), PP 69-77 Commo Coupled Fixed Poit of Mappigs Satisfyig Ratioal Iequalities i Ordered Complex

More information

New Characterization of Topological Transitivity

New Characterization of Topological Transitivity ew Characterizatio o Topological Trasitivity Hussei J Abdul Hussei Departmet o Mathematics ad Computer Applicatios, College o Sciece, Uiversity o Al Muthaa, Al Muthaa, Iraq Abstract Let be a dyamical system,

More information

ALMOST CONVERGENCE AND SOME MATRIX TRANSFORMATIONS

ALMOST CONVERGENCE AND SOME MATRIX TRANSFORMATIONS It. J. Cotep. Math. Sci., Vol. 1, 2006, o. 1, 39-43 ALMOST CONVERGENCE AND SOME MATRIX TRANSFORMATIONS Qaaruddi ad S. A. Mohiuddie Departet of Matheatics, Aligarh Musli Uiversity Aligarh-202002, Idia sdqaar@rediffail.co,

More information

ON ABSOLUTE MATRIX SUMMABILITY FACTORS OF INFINITE SERIES. 1. Introduction

ON ABSOLUTE MATRIX SUMMABILITY FACTORS OF INFINITE SERIES. 1. Introduction Joural of Classical Aalysis Volue 3, Nuber 2 208), 33 39 doi:0.753/jca-208-3-09 ON ABSOLUTE MATRIX SUMMABILITY FACTORS OF INFINITE SERIES AHMET KARAKAŞ Abstract. I the preset paper, a geeral theore dealig

More information

Generalized Wavelet Transform Associated with Legendre Polynomials

Generalized Wavelet Transform Associated with Legendre Polynomials Geeralized Waelet Trasor Associated with Legedre oloials C ade Aja Kuar Garg Egieerig College Ghaziabad Idia MM Dixit North Easter Regioal Istitute o Sciece ad Techolog Nirjuli-799 Idia Rajesh Kuar Noida

More information

Riesz-Fischer Sequences and Lower Frame Bounds

Riesz-Fischer Sequences and Lower Frame Bounds Zeitschrift für Aalysis ud ihre Aweduge Joural for Aalysis ad its Applicatios Volume 1 (00), No., 305 314 Riesz-Fischer Sequeces ad Lower Frame Bouds P. Casazza, O. Christese, S. Li ad A. Lider Abstract.

More information

Constructions of Uniformly Convex Functions

Constructions of Uniformly Convex Functions Costructios o Uiormly Covex Fuctios Joatha M. Borwei ad Jo Vaderwer Abstract. We give precise coditios uder which the compositio o a orm with a covex uctio yields a uiormly covex uctio o a Baach space.

More information

2 Banach spaces and Hilbert spaces

2 Banach spaces and Hilbert spaces 2 Baach spaces ad Hilbert spaces Tryig to do aalysis i the ratioal umbers is difficult for example cosider the set {x Q : x 2 2}. This set is o-empty ad bouded above but does ot have a least upper boud

More information

JENSEN S INEQUALITY FOR QUASICONVEX FUNCTIONS S. S. DRAGOMIR 1 and C. E. M. PEARCE 2. Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia

JENSEN S INEQUALITY FOR QUASICONVEX FUNCTIONS S. S. DRAGOMIR 1 and C. E. M. PEARCE 2. Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia JENSEN S INEQUALITY FOR QUASICONVEX FUNCTIONS S. S. DRAGOMIR ad C. E. M. PEARCE School o Computer Sciece & Mathematics Victoria Uiversity, Melboure, Australia School o Mathematical Scieces The Uiversity

More information

VECTOR SEMINORMS, SPACES WITH VECTOR NORM, AND REGULAR OPERATORS

VECTOR SEMINORMS, SPACES WITH VECTOR NORM, AND REGULAR OPERATORS Dedicated to Professor Philippe G. Ciarlet o his 70th birthday VECTOR SEMINORMS, SPACES WITH VECTOR NORM, AND REGULAR OPERATORS ROMULUS CRISTESCU The rst sectio of this paper deals with the properties

More information

Al Lehnen Madison Area Technical College 10/5/2014

Al Lehnen Madison Area Technical College 10/5/2014 The Correlatio of Two Rado Variables Page Preliiary: The Cauchy-Schwarz-Buyakovsky Iequality For ay two sequeces of real ubers { a } ad = { b } =, the followig iequality is always true. Furtherore, equality

More information

The Hypergeometric Coupon Collection Problem and its Dual

The Hypergeometric Coupon Collection Problem and its Dual Joural of Idustrial ad Systes Egieerig Vol., o., pp -7 Sprig 7 The Hypergeoetric Coupo Collectio Proble ad its Dual Sheldo M. Ross Epstei Departet of Idustrial ad Systes Egieerig, Uiversity of Souther

More information

Application of Homotopy Analysis Method for Solving various types of Problems of Ordinary Differential Equations

Application of Homotopy Analysis Method for Solving various types of Problems of Ordinary Differential Equations Iteratioal Joural o Recet ad Iovatio Treds i Coputig ad Couicatio IN: 31-8169 Volue: 5 Issue: 5 16 Applicatio of Hootopy Aalysis Meod for olvig various types of Probles of Ordiary Differetial Equatios

More information

Some Common Fixed Point Theorems in Cone Rectangular Metric Space under T Kannan and T Reich Contractive Conditions

Some Common Fixed Point Theorems in Cone Rectangular Metric Space under T Kannan and T Reich Contractive Conditions ISSN(Olie): 319-8753 ISSN (Prit): 347-671 Iteratioal Joural of Iovative Research i Sciece, Egieerig ad Techology (A ISO 397: 7 Certified Orgaizatio) Some Commo Fixed Poit Theorems i Coe Rectagular Metric

More information

Definition 4.2. (a) A sequence {x n } in a Banach space X is a basis for X if. unique scalars a n (x) such that x = n. a n (x) x n. (4.

Definition 4.2. (a) A sequence {x n } in a Banach space X is a basis for X if. unique scalars a n (x) such that x = n. a n (x) x n. (4. 4. BASES I BAACH SPACES 39 4. BASES I BAACH SPACES Sice a Baach space X is a vector space, it must possess a Hamel, or vector space, basis, i.e., a subset {x γ } γ Γ whose fiite liear spa is all of X ad

More information

A Fixed Point Result Using a Function of 5-Variables

A Fixed Point Result Using a Function of 5-Variables Joural of Physical Scieces, Vol., 2007, 57-6 Fixed Poit Result Usig a Fuctio of 5-Variables P. N. Dutta ad Biayak S. Choudhury Departmet of Mathematics Begal Egieerig ad Sciece Uiversity, Shibpur P.O.:

More information

FUZZY RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF COMPOUND SYSTEM BASED ON WEIBULL DISTRIBUTION

FUZZY RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF COMPOUND SYSTEM BASED ON WEIBULL DISTRIBUTION IJAMML 3:1 (2015) 31-39 Septeber 2015 ISSN: 2394-2258 Available at http://scietificadvaces.co.i DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18642/ijal_7100121530 FUZZY RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF COMPOUND SYSTEM BASED ON WEIBULL

More information

Unique Common Fixed Point Theorem for Three Pairs of Weakly Compatible Mappings Satisfying Generalized Contractive Condition of Integral Type

Unique Common Fixed Point Theorem for Three Pairs of Weakly Compatible Mappings Satisfying Generalized Contractive Condition of Integral Type Iteratioal Refereed Joural of Egieerig ad Sciece (IRJES ISSN (Olie 239-83X (Prit 239-82 Volume 2 Issue 4(April 23 PP.22-28 Uique Commo Fixed Poit Theorem for Three Pairs of Weakly Compatible Mappigs Satisfyig

More information

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Modern Education (IJMRME) ISSN (Online): (www.rdmodernresearch.

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Modern Education (IJMRME) ISSN (Online): (www.rdmodernresearch. (wwwrdoderresearchco) Volue II, Issue II, 2016 PRODUC OPERAION ON FUZZY RANSIION MARICES V Chiadurai*, S Barkavi**, S Vayabalaji*** & J Parthiba**** * Departet of Matheatics, Aaalai Uiversity, Aaalai Nagar,

More information

TIME-PERIODIC SOLUTIONS OF A PROBLEM OF PHASE TRANSITIONS

TIME-PERIODIC SOLUTIONS OF A PROBLEM OF PHASE TRANSITIONS Far East Joural o Mathematical Scieces (FJMS) 6 Pushpa Publishig House, Allahabad, Idia Published Olie: Jue 6 http://dx.doi.org/.7654/ms99947 Volume 99, umber, 6, Pages 947-953 ISS: 97-87 Proceedigs o

More information

A Characterization of Compact Operators by Orthogonality

A Characterization of Compact Operators by Orthogonality Australia Joural of Basic ad Applied Scieces, 5(6): 253-257, 211 ISSN 1991-8178 A Characterizatio of Compact Operators by Orthogoality Abdorreza Paahi, Mohamad Reza Farmai ad Azam Noorafa Zaai Departmet

More information

An Algorithmist s Toolkit October 20, Lecture 11

An Algorithmist s Toolkit October 20, Lecture 11 18.409 A Algorithist s Toolkit October 20, 2009 Lecture 11 Lecturer: Joatha Keler Scribe: Chaithaya Badi 1 Outlie Today we ll itroduce ad discuss Polar of a covex body. Correspodece betwee or fuctios ad

More information

Keywords: duality, saddle point, complementary slackness, Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions, perturbation function, supporting functions.

Keywords: duality, saddle point, complementary slackness, Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions, perturbation function, supporting functions. DUALITY THEORY Jørge Tid Uiversity of Copehage, Deark. Keywords: duality, saddle poit, copleetary slackess, KarushKuhTucker coditios, perturbatio fuctio, supportig fuctios. Cotets 1. Itroductio 2. Covex

More information

Modification of Weerakoon-Fernando s Method with Fourth-Order of Convergence for Solving Nonlinear Equation

Modification of Weerakoon-Fernando s Method with Fourth-Order of Convergence for Solving Nonlinear Equation ISSN: 50-08 Iteratioal Joural o AdvacedResearch i Sciece, Egieerig ad Techology Vol. 5, Issue 8, August 018 Modiicatio o Weerakoo-Ferado s Method with Fourth-Order o Covergece or Solvig Noliear Equatio

More information

Topic 9 - Taylor and MacLaurin Series

Topic 9 - Taylor and MacLaurin Series Topic 9 - Taylor ad MacLauri Series A. Taylors Theorem. The use o power series is very commo i uctioal aalysis i act may useul ad commoly used uctios ca be writte as a power series ad this remarkable result

More information

Refinements of Jensen s Inequality for Convex Functions on the Co-Ordinates in a Rectangle from the Plane

Refinements of Jensen s Inequality for Convex Functions on the Co-Ordinates in a Rectangle from the Plane Filoat 30:3 (206, 803 84 DOI 0.2298/FIL603803A Published by Faculty of Scieces ad Matheatics, Uiversity of Niš, Serbia Available at: http://www.pf.i.ac.rs/filoat Refieets of Jese s Iequality for Covex

More information

On Orlicz N-frames. 1 Introduction. Renu Chugh 1,, Shashank Goel 2

On Orlicz N-frames. 1 Introduction. Renu Chugh 1,, Shashank Goel 2 Joural of Advaced Research i Pure Mathematics Olie ISSN: 1943-2380 Vol. 3, Issue. 1, 2010, pp. 104-110 doi: 10.5373/jarpm.473.061810 O Orlicz N-frames Reu Chugh 1,, Shashak Goel 2 1 Departmet of Mathematics,

More information

DISTANCE BETWEEN UNCERTAIN RANDOM VARIABLES

DISTANCE BETWEEN UNCERTAIN RANDOM VARIABLES MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF ENGINEERING PROBLEMS Vol, No, 4, pp5- http://doiorg/88/ep4 DISTANCE BETWEEN UNCERTAIN RANDOM VARIABLES Yogchao Hou* ad Weicai Peg Departet of Matheatical Scieces, Chaohu Uiversity,

More information

LAZHAR S INEQUALITIES AND THE S-CONVEX PHENOMENON. I.M.R. Pinheiro

LAZHAR S INEQUALITIES AND THE S-CONVEX PHENOMENON. I.M.R. Pinheiro NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS Volume 38 008, 57 6 LAZHAR S INEQUALITIES AND THE S-CONVEX PHENOMENON IMR Piheiro Received December 007 Abstract I this urther little article, we simply exted Lazhar

More information

Abelian Theorem for Generalized Fourier-Laplace Transform

Abelian Theorem for Generalized Fourier-Laplace Transform Iteratioal Joural o Iovatio ad Applied Studies ISSN 2028-9324 Vol. 8 No. 2 Sep. 204, pp. 549-555 204 Iovative Space o Scietiic Research Jourals http://www.ijias.issr-jourals.org/ Abelia Theore or Geeralized

More information

Some remarks on the paper Some elementary inequalities of G. Bennett

Some remarks on the paper Some elementary inequalities of G. Bennett Soe rears o the paper Soe eleetary iequalities of G. Beett Dag Ah Tua ad Luu Quag Bay Vieta Natioal Uiversity - Haoi Uiversity of Sciece Abstract We give soe couterexaples ad soe rears of soe of the corollaries

More information

Observations on Derived K-Fibonacci and Derived K- Lucas Sequences

Observations on Derived K-Fibonacci and Derived K- Lucas Sequences ISSN(Olie): 9-875 ISSN (Prit): 7-670 Iteratioal Joural of Iovative Research i Sciece Egieerig ad Techology (A ISO 97: 007 Certified Orgaizatio) Vol. 5 Issue 8 August 06 Observatios o Derived K-iboacci

More information

Product measures, Tonelli s and Fubini s theorems For use in MAT3400/4400, autumn 2014 Nadia S. Larsen. Version of 13 October 2014.

Product measures, Tonelli s and Fubini s theorems For use in MAT3400/4400, autumn 2014 Nadia S. Larsen. Version of 13 October 2014. Product measures, Toelli s ad Fubii s theorems For use i MAT3400/4400, autum 2014 Nadia S. Larse Versio of 13 October 2014. 1. Costructio of the product measure The purpose of these otes is to preset the

More information

On maximally nonlinear and extremal balanced Boolean functions

On maximally nonlinear and extremal balanced Boolean functions O imally oliear ad extremal balaced Boolea uctios Michel Mitto DCSSI/SDS/Crypto.Lab. 18, rue du docteur Zameho 9131 Issy-les-Moulieaux cedex, Frace e-mail: michelmitto@compuserve.com Abstract. We prove

More information

Lebesgue Constant Minimizing Bivariate Barycentric Rational Interpolation

Lebesgue Constant Minimizing Bivariate Barycentric Rational Interpolation Appl. Math. If. Sci. 8, No. 1, 187-192 (2014) 187 Applied Matheatics & Iforatio Scieces A Iteratioal Joural http://dx.doi.org/10.12785/ais/080123 Lebesgue Costat Miiizig Bivariate Barycetric Ratioal Iterpolatio

More information

Math 61CM - Solutions to homework 3

Math 61CM - Solutions to homework 3 Math 6CM - Solutios to homework 3 Cédric De Groote October 2 th, 208 Problem : Let F be a field, m 0 a fixed oegative iteger ad let V = {a 0 + a x + + a m x m a 0,, a m F} be the vector space cosistig

More information

HÖLDER SUMMABILITY METHOD OF FUZZY NUMBERS AND A TAUBERIAN THEOREM

HÖLDER SUMMABILITY METHOD OF FUZZY NUMBERS AND A TAUBERIAN THEOREM Iraia Joural of Fuzzy Systems Vol., No. 4, (204 pp. 87-93 87 HÖLDER SUMMABILITY METHOD OF FUZZY NUMBERS AND A TAUBERIAN THEOREM İ. C. ANAK Abstract. I this paper we establish a Tauberia coditio uder which

More information

A Mathematical Note Convergence of Infinite Compositions of Complex Functions

A Mathematical Note Convergence of Infinite Compositions of Complex Functions A Matheatical Note Covergece o Iiite Copositios o Coplex Fuctios Joh Gill ABSTRACT: Ier Copositio o aalytic uctios ( () ) ad Outer Copositio o aalytic uctios ( () ) are variatios o siple iteratio, ad their

More information

On Weak and Strong Convergence Theorems for a Finite Family of Nonself I-asymptotically Nonexpansive Mappings

On Weak and Strong Convergence Theorems for a Finite Family of Nonself I-asymptotically Nonexpansive Mappings Mathematica Moravica Vol. 19-2 2015, 49 64 O Weak ad Strog Covergece Theorems for a Fiite Family of Noself I-asymptotically Noexpasive Mappigs Birol Güdüz ad Sezgi Akbulut Abstract. We prove the weak ad

More information

Mixing, Weakly Mixing and Transitive Sets

Mixing, Weakly Mixing and Transitive Sets Iteratioal Research Joural o Egieerig ad Techology (IRJET) e-issn: 395-0056 Volume: 0 Issue: 08 Nov-05 p-issn: 395-007 wwwirjetet Mixig, Wealy Mixig ad Trasitive Sets Dr Mohammed Nohas Murad Kai Mathematics

More information

New Inequalities For Convex Sequences With Applications

New Inequalities For Convex Sequences With Applications It. J. Ope Problems Comput. Math., Vol. 5, No. 3, September, 0 ISSN 074-87; Copyright c ICSRS Publicatio, 0 www.i-csrs.org New Iequalities For Covex Sequeces With Applicatios Zielaâbidie Latreuch ad Beharrat

More information

The inverse eigenvalue problem for symmetric doubly stochastic matrices

The inverse eigenvalue problem for symmetric doubly stochastic matrices Liear Algebra ad its Applicatios 379 (004) 77 83 www.elsevier.com/locate/laa The iverse eigevalue problem for symmetric doubly stochastic matrices Suk-Geu Hwag a,,, Sug-Soo Pyo b, a Departmet of Mathematics

More information

Some Variants of Newton's Method with Fifth-Order and Fourth-Order Convergence for Solving Nonlinear Equations

Some Variants of Newton's Method with Fifth-Order and Fourth-Order Convergence for Solving Nonlinear Equations Copyright, Darbose Iteratioal Joural o Applied Mathematics ad Computatio Volume (), pp -6, 9 http//: ijamc.darbose.com Some Variats o Newto's Method with Fith-Order ad Fourth-Order Covergece or Solvig

More information

Real Numbers R ) - LUB(B) may or may not belong to B. (Ex; B= { y: y = 1 x, - Note that A B LUB( A) LUB( B)

Real Numbers R ) - LUB(B) may or may not belong to B. (Ex; B= { y: y = 1 x, - Note that A B LUB( A) LUB( B) Real Numbers The least upper boud - Let B be ay subset of R B is bouded above if there is a k R such that x k for all x B - A real umber, k R is a uique least upper boud of B, ie k = LUB(B), if () k is

More information

1. Introduction. g(x) = a 2 + a k cos kx (1.1) g(x) = lim. S n (x).

1. Introduction. g(x) = a 2 + a k cos kx (1.1) g(x) = lim. S n (x). Georgia Mathematical Joural Volume 11 (2004, Number 1, 99 104 INTEGRABILITY AND L 1 -CONVERGENCE OF MODIFIED SINE SUMS KULWINDER KAUR, S. S. BHATIA, AND BABU RAM Abstract. New modified sie sums are itroduced

More information

Where do eigenvalues/eigenvectors/eigenfunctions come from, and why are they important anyway?

Where do eigenvalues/eigenvectors/eigenfunctions come from, and why are they important anyway? Where do eigevalues/eigevectors/eigeuctios come rom, ad why are they importat ayway? I. Bacgroud (rom Ordiary Dieretial Equatios} Cosider the simplest example o a harmoic oscillator (thi o a vibratig strig)

More information

On Order of a Function of Several Complex Variables Analytic in the Unit Polydisc

On Order of a Function of Several Complex Variables Analytic in the Unit Polydisc ISSN 746-7659, Eglad, UK Joural of Iforatio ad Coutig Sciece Vol 6, No 3, 0, 95-06 O Order of a Fuctio of Several Colex Variables Aalytic i the Uit Polydisc Rata Kuar Dutta + Deartet of Matheatics, Siliguri

More information

On Edge Regular Fuzzy Line Graphs

On Edge Regular Fuzzy Line Graphs Iteratioal Joural of Computatioal ad Applied Mathematics ISSN 1819-4966 Volume 11, Number 2 (2016), pp 105-118 Research Idia Publicatios http://wwwripublicatiocom O Edge Regular Fuzz Lie Graphs K Radha

More information

A REMARK ON A PROBLEM OF KLEE

A REMARK ON A PROBLEM OF KLEE C O L L O Q U I U M M A T H E M A T I C U M VOL. 71 1996 NO. 1 A REMARK ON A PROBLEM OF KLEE BY N. J. K A L T O N (COLUMBIA, MISSOURI) AND N. T. P E C K (URBANA, ILLINOIS) This paper treats a property

More information

On n-collinear elements and Riesz theorem

On n-collinear elements and Riesz theorem Available olie at www.tjsa.com J. Noliear Sci. Appl. 9 (206), 3066 3073 Research Article O -colliear elemets ad Riesz theorem Wasfi Shataawi a, Mihai Postolache b, a Departmet of Mathematics, Hashemite

More information

Chapter 3 Inner Product Spaces. Hilbert Spaces

Chapter 3 Inner Product Spaces. Hilbert Spaces Chapter 3 Ier Product Spaces. Hilbert Spaces 3. Ier Product Spaces. Hilbert Spaces 3.- Defiitio. A ier product space is a vector space X with a ier product defied o X. A Hilbert space is a complete ier

More information

Several properties of new ellipsoids

Several properties of new ellipsoids Appl. Math. Mech. -Egl. Ed. 008 9(7):967 973 DOI 10.1007/s10483-008-0716-y c Shaghai Uiversity ad Spriger-Verlag 008 Applied Mathematics ad Mechaics (Eglish Editio) Several properties of ew ellipsoids

More information

A 2nTH ORDER LINEAR DIFFERENCE EQUATION

A 2nTH ORDER LINEAR DIFFERENCE EQUATION A 2TH ORDER LINEAR DIFFERENCE EQUATION Doug Aderso Departmet of Mathematics ad Computer Sciece, Cocordia College Moorhead, MN 56562, USA ABSTRACT: We give a formulatio of geeralized zeros ad (, )-discojugacy

More information

Relation (12.1) states that if two points belong to the convex subset Ω then all the points on the connecting line also belong to Ω.

Relation (12.1) states that if two points belong to the convex subset Ω then all the points on the connecting line also belong to Ω. Lectue 6. Poectio Opeato Deiitio A.: Subset Ω R is cove i [ y Ω R ] λ + λ [ y = z Ω], λ,. Relatio. states that i two poits belog to the cove subset Ω the all the poits o the coectig lie also belog to Ω.

More information

Math 4707 Spring 2018 (Darij Grinberg): midterm 2 page 1. Math 4707 Spring 2018 (Darij Grinberg): midterm 2 with solutions [preliminary version]

Math 4707 Spring 2018 (Darij Grinberg): midterm 2 page 1. Math 4707 Spring 2018 (Darij Grinberg): midterm 2 with solutions [preliminary version] Math 4707 Sprig 08 Darij Griberg: idter page Math 4707 Sprig 08 Darij Griberg: idter with solutios [preliiary versio] Cotets 0.. Coutig first-eve tuples......................... 3 0.. Coutig legal paths

More information

Discrete Mathematics: Lectures 8 and 9 Principle of Inclusion and Exclusion Instructor: Arijit Bishnu Date: August 11 and 13, 2009

Discrete Mathematics: Lectures 8 and 9 Principle of Inclusion and Exclusion Instructor: Arijit Bishnu Date: August 11 and 13, 2009 Discrete Matheatics: Lectures 8 ad 9 Priciple of Iclusio ad Exclusio Istructor: Arijit Bishu Date: August ad 3, 009 As you ca observe by ow, we ca cout i various ways. Oe such ethod is the age-old priciple

More information

Double Derangement Permutations

Double Derangement Permutations Ope Joural of iscrete Matheatics, 206, 6, 99-04 Published Olie April 206 i SciRes http://wwwscirporg/joural/ojd http://dxdoiorg/04236/ojd2066200 ouble erageet Perutatios Pooya aeshad, Kayar Mirzavaziri

More information

Helix Hypersurfaces and Special Curves

Helix Hypersurfaces and Special Curves It J Cotemp Math Scieces, Vol 7,, o 5, 45 Helix Hypersurfaces ad Special Curves Evre ZIPLAR Departmet of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciece Uiversity of Aara, Tadoğa, Aara, Turey evreziplar@yahoocom Ali ŞENOL

More information

for all x ; ;x R. A ifiite sequece fx ; g is said to be ND if every fiite subset X ; ;X is ND. The coditios (.) ad (.3) are equivalet for =, but these

for all x ; ;x R. A ifiite sequece fx ; g is said to be ND if every fiite subset X ; ;X is ND. The coditios (.) ad (.3) are equivalet for =, but these sub-gaussia techiques i provig some strog it theorems Λ M. Amii A. Bozorgia Departmet of Mathematics, Faculty of Scieces Sista ad Baluchesta Uiversity, Zaheda, Ira Amii@hamoo.usb.ac.ir, Fax:054446565 Departmet

More information

ON WELLPOSEDNESS QUADRATIC FUNCTION MINIMIZATION PROBLEM ON INTERSECTION OF TWO ELLIPSOIDS * M. JA]IMOVI], I. KRNI] 1.

ON WELLPOSEDNESS QUADRATIC FUNCTION MINIMIZATION PROBLEM ON INTERSECTION OF TWO ELLIPSOIDS * M. JA]IMOVI], I. KRNI] 1. Yugoslav Joural of Operatios Research 1 (00), Number 1, 49-60 ON WELLPOSEDNESS QUADRATIC FUNCTION MINIMIZATION PROBLEM ON INTERSECTION OF TWO ELLIPSOIDS M. JA]IMOVI], I. KRNI] Departmet of Mathematics

More information

Domination Number of Square of Cartesian Products of Cycles

Domination Number of Square of Cartesian Products of Cycles Ope Joural of Discrete Matheatics, 01,, 88-94 Published Olie October 01 i SciRes http://wwwscirporg/joural/ojd http://dxdoiorg/10436/ojd014008 Doiatio Nuber of Square of artesia Products of ycles Morteza

More information

5.1. The Rayleigh s quotient. Definition 49. Let A = A be a self-adjoint matrix. quotient is the function. R(x) = x,ax, for x = 0.

5.1. The Rayleigh s quotient. Definition 49. Let A = A be a self-adjoint matrix. quotient is the function. R(x) = x,ax, for x = 0. 40 RODICA D. COSTIN 5. The Rayleigh s priciple ad the i priciple for the eigevalues of a self-adjoit matrix Eigevalues of self-adjoit matrices are easy to calculate. This sectio shows how this is doe usig

More information

If a subset E of R contains no open interval, is it of zero measure? For instance, is the set of irrationals in [0, 1] is of measure zero?

If a subset E of R contains no open interval, is it of zero measure? For instance, is the set of irrationals in [0, 1] is of measure zero? 2 Lebesgue Measure I Chapter 1 we defied the cocept of a set of measure zero, ad we have observed that every coutable set is of measure zero. Here are some atural questios: If a subset E of R cotais a

More information

arxiv: v1 [math.fa] 3 Apr 2016

arxiv: v1 [math.fa] 3 Apr 2016 Aticommutator Norm Formula for Proectio Operators arxiv:164.699v1 math.fa] 3 Apr 16 Sam Walters Uiversity of Norther British Columbia ABSTRACT. We prove that for ay two proectio operators f, g o Hilbert

More information

COMMON FIXED POINT THEOREMS IN FUZZY METRIC SPACES FOR SEMI-COMPATIBLE MAPPINGS

COMMON FIXED POINT THEOREMS IN FUZZY METRIC SPACES FOR SEMI-COMPATIBLE MAPPINGS PK ISSN 0022-2941; CODEN JNSMAC Vol. 49, No.1 & 2 (April & October 2009) PP 33-47 COMMON FIXED POINT THEOREMS IN FUZZY METRIC SPACES FOR SEMI-COMPATIBLE MAPPINGS *M. A. KHAN, *SUMITRA AND ** R. CHUGH *Departmet

More information

Generalized Fixed Point Theorem. in Three Metric Spaces

Generalized Fixed Point Theorem. in Three Metric Spaces It. Joural of Math. Aalysis, Vol. 4, 00, o. 40, 995-004 Geeralized Fixed Poit Thee i Three Metric Spaces Kristaq Kikia ad Luljeta Kikia Departet of Matheatics ad Coputer Scieces Faculty of Natural Scieces,

More information

SOME FINITE SIMPLE GROUPS OF LIE TYPE C n ( q) ARE UNIQUELY DETERMINED BY THEIR ELEMENT ORDERS AND THEIR ORDER

SOME FINITE SIMPLE GROUPS OF LIE TYPE C n ( q) ARE UNIQUELY DETERMINED BY THEIR ELEMENT ORDERS AND THEIR ORDER Joural of Algebra, Nuber Theory: Advaces ad Applicatios Volue, Nuber, 010, Pages 57-69 SOME FINITE SIMPLE GROUPS OF LIE TYPE C ( q) ARE UNIQUELY DETERMINED BY THEIR ELEMENT ORDERS AND THEIR ORDER School

More information

LECTURE 8: ORTHOGONALITY (CHAPTER 5 IN THE BOOK)

LECTURE 8: ORTHOGONALITY (CHAPTER 5 IN THE BOOK) LECTURE 8: ORTHOGONALITY (CHAPTER 5 IN THE BOOK) Everythig marked by is ot required by the course syllabus I this lecture, all vector spaces is over the real umber R. All vectors i R is viewed as a colum

More information

Assignment 5: Solutions

Assignment 5: Solutions McGill Uiversity Departmet of Mathematics ad Statistics MATH 54 Aalysis, Fall 05 Assigmet 5: Solutios. Let y be a ubouded sequece of positive umbers satisfyig y + > y for all N. Let x be aother sequece

More information

Taylor Polynomials and Approximations - Classwork

Taylor Polynomials and Approximations - Classwork Taylor Polyomials ad Approimatios - Classwork Suppose you were asked to id si 37 o. You have o calculator other tha oe that ca do simple additio, subtractio, multiplicatio, or divisio. Fareched\ Not really.

More information

Commutativity in Permutation Groups

Commutativity in Permutation Groups Commutativity i Permutatio Groups Richard Wito, PhD Abstract I the group Sym(S) of permutatios o a oempty set S, fixed poits ad trasiet poits are defied Prelimiary results o fixed ad trasiet poits are

More information

ECE 308 Discrete-Time Signals and Systems

ECE 308 Discrete-Time Signals and Systems ECE 38-5 ECE 38 Discrete-Time Sigals ad Systems Z. Aliyazicioglu Electrical ad Computer Egieerig Departmet Cal Poly Pomoa ECE 38-5 1 Additio, Multiplicatio, ad Scalig of Sequeces Amplitude Scalig: (A Costat

More information

Abstract Vector Spaces. Abstract Vector Spaces

Abstract Vector Spaces. Abstract Vector Spaces Astract Vector Spaces The process of astractio is critical i egieerig! Physical Device Data Storage Vector Space MRI machie Optical receiver 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 Icreasig astractio 6.1 Astract Vector Spaces

More information

A collocation method for singular integral equations with cosecant kernel via Semi-trigonometric interpolation

A collocation method for singular integral equations with cosecant kernel via Semi-trigonometric interpolation Iteratioal Joural of Mathematics Research. ISSN 0976-5840 Volume 9 Number 1 (017) pp. 45-51 Iteratioal Research Publicatio House http://www.irphouse.com A collocatio method for sigular itegral equatios

More information

SZEGO S THEOREM STARTING FROM JENSEN S THEOREM

SZEGO S THEOREM STARTING FROM JENSEN S THEOREM UPB Sci Bull, Series A, Vol 7, No 3, 8 ISSN 3-77 SZEGO S THEOREM STARTING FROM JENSEN S THEOREM Cǎli Alexe MUREŞAN Mai îtâi vo itroduce Teorea lui Jese şi uele coseciţe ale sale petru deteriarea uǎrului

More information

Math Solutions to homework 6

Math Solutions to homework 6 Math 175 - Solutios to homework 6 Cédric De Groote November 16, 2017 Problem 1 (8.11 i the book): Let K be a compact Hermitia operator o a Hilbert space H ad let the kerel of K be {0}. Show that there

More information

DANIELL AND RIEMANN INTEGRABILITY

DANIELL AND RIEMANN INTEGRABILITY DANIELL AND RIEMANN INTEGRABILITY ILEANA BUCUR We itroduce the otio of Riema itegrable fuctio with respect to a Daiell itegral ad prove the approximatio theorem of such fuctios by a mootoe sequece of Jorda

More information

Strong Convergence Theorems According. to a New Iterative Scheme with Errors for. Mapping Nonself I-Asymptotically. Quasi-Nonexpansive Types

Strong Convergence Theorems According. to a New Iterative Scheme with Errors for. Mapping Nonself I-Asymptotically. Quasi-Nonexpansive Types It. Joural of Math. Aalysis, Vol. 4, 00, o. 5, 37-45 Strog Covergece Theorems Accordig to a New Iterative Scheme with Errors for Mappig Noself I-Asymptotically Quasi-Noexpasive Types Narogrit Puturog Mathematics

More information

A New Type of q-szász-mirakjan Operators

A New Type of q-szász-mirakjan Operators Filoat 3:8 07, 567 568 https://doi.org/0.98/fil7867c Published by Faculty of Scieces ad Matheatics, Uiversity of Niš, Serbia Available at: http://www.pf.i.ac.rs/filoat A New Type of -Szász-Miraka Operators

More information

Available online through ISSN

Available online through   ISSN Iteratioal Research Joural of Pure Algebra-6(7, 06, 34-347 Aailable olie through wwwrjpaifo ISSN 48 9037 MULTIPLICATIVE HYPER-ZAGREB INDICES AND COINDICES OF GRAPHS: COMPUTING THESE INDICES OF SOME NANOSTRUCTURES

More information

Common Fixed Point Theorem in Fuzzy Metric Spaces using weakly compatible maps

Common Fixed Point Theorem in Fuzzy Metric Spaces using weakly compatible maps IJ Iforatio Egieerig ad Electroic Busiess 2014 2 64-69 Published Olie April 2014 i MECS (http://wwwecs-pressorg/) DOI: 105815/ijieeb20140208 Coo Fixed Poit Theore i Fuzzy Metric Spaces usig weakly copatible

More information

Equivalent Banach Operator Ideal Norms 1

Equivalent Banach Operator Ideal Norms 1 It. Joural of Math. Aalysis, Vol. 6, 2012, o. 1, 19-27 Equivalet Baach Operator Ideal Norms 1 Musudi Sammy Chuka Uiversity College P.O. Box 109-60400, Keya sammusudi@yahoo.com Shem Aywa Maside Muliro Uiversity

More information