SNC1DI Unit Review: Static & Current Electricity

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1 SNC1DI Unit Review: Static & Current Electricity 1. Be able to recognize the definitions for the following terms: Friction Contact Induction Lightning Electrostatic Series Pithball electroscope Insulators Conductors Grounding Discharge to a point Electric Current Electric potential energy Schematic diagram Ammeter Voltmeter Source Resistor Series Circuit Parallel Circuit Ohm s Law Electrical Energy Power Neutralize 2. Answer the following questions about charging an object: a) by contact b) by induction 3. How can we charge a pithball electroscope by contact? By rubbing an ebonite rod with fur. The ebonite rod will receive a strong negative charge. When the negatively charged ebonite rod makes contact with the pith ball, the pith ball receives the negative charge. 4. How can we charge a pithball electroscope by induction? By rubbing an ebonite rod with fur. The negatively charged ebonite rod, when close to the pith ball, will repel negative charges in the pith ball and attract positive charges towards the ebonite rod. Exactly like in the example of balloons sticking to walls, or during a thunderstorm. 5. Draw the protons and electrons on the diagrams to explain why the pith ball electroscope behaves the way it does. Charging by Contact Neutral Contact Repel Charging by Induction Neutral Induction Neutral

2 Charging by induction produces OPPOSITE charge. Charging by contact produces SAME charge How is lightning produced? Movement of air, ice, water and dust particles in clouds produce positive ions and extra electrons. The clouds INDUCE a positive charge by repelling electrons in the ground. When the charge becomes large enough, electrons flow from the cloud to the ground in a lightning bolt. 7. What is electrical current and how is it measured? Electrical current is the flow of electric charge in a closed circuit. It is measured in amperes (A), represented by the symbol (I) measured using an ammeter in series. 8. What is electrical potential energy and how is it measured? Electrical potential energy is also known as voltage. It is the measure of the energy carried by the charge energy per unit charge. Supplied by the source. It is measured in volts (V), its symbol is also V, and it is found by connecting a voltmeter in parallel across a load. 9. Solve the following circuits: Part V(V) Rationale for V I(A) Source 120 Given 0.38 #1 #2 #3 2. Part Rationale for I I=V/R=120/315 = 0.38A R(Ω) 22 Given 0.38 Series Circuit Given 0.38 Series Circuit V(V) V T = V 1 V 2 V 3 V 3 = = 50V Rationale for V 0.38 Series Circuit 132 I(A) Rationale for I Rationale for R 315 Given R(Ω) Source 1.7 Parallel Circuit Given 106 #1 #2 #3 1.7 Parallel Circuit Given V=IxR=0.002x8 50 = 1.7V 1.7 Parallel Circuit R=V/I=22/0.38 =58 Ω 48/0.38 = 126 Ω 50/0.38 = 132 Ω Rationale for R R=V/I=1.7/0.016 = 106 Ω 1.7/0.004 = 425 Ω Given 850 Given I T = I 1 I 2 I 3 I 3 = = A 170 R=V/I=1.7/0.010 = 170 Ω

3 3. Part V(V) Rationale for V I(A) Rationale for I R(Ω) Source 40 Given 0.1 Given 400 #1 #2 # V T = V 1 V 2 V 1 = = V 0.1 V=IxR=0.05x15 = 0.75 I=V/R=39.25/39 3 = 0.1A Rationale for R R=V/I=40/0.1 = 400 Ω 393 Given 0.05 Given 15 Given V 2 = V I T = I 2 I 3 I 3 = = 0.05A 10. What is power and how is it measured? 15 R=V/I=0.75/0.05 = 15 Ω Power describes the rate of energy transfer. Defined as the amount of energy transferred per unit time. Expressed in Watts. One Watt is one joule per second. P E t E= energy in joules (J) P= power in Watts (W) t = time in seconds (s) 11. Draw all known relationship triangles; include the appropriate symbols and units for each. Also manipulate each triangle to solve for all three unknowns. I Q t Q = Coulombs of charge (C) I = current in amperes (A) t = time in seconds (s) V E Q E = energy in joules (J) V= potential difference in volts (V) Q= coulombs of charge (C) I V R V = potential difference in volts (V) I = current in amperes (A) R = resistance in ohms (Ω) P E t E= energy in joules (J) P= power in Watts (W) t = time in seconds (s)

4 12. A battery converts 1200 J of chemical energy into electrical energy. This places 15 C of negative charge at the negative terminal. What is the potential difference between the negative and positive terminals of the battery? G 1200J, 15C R Potential Difference (V) A V =E/Q S V =1200J/15C = 80V P Therefore the potential difference is 80V. 13. If a gas generator produces 85 V with a charge of 12 C at the negative terminal, how many joules of energy are produced? G 85V, 12C R Energy (E) A E =VxQ S E = 85V x 12C = 1020 joules P Therefore 1020 joules of energy are produced. 14. If the generator in question #3 (85 V) burned enough gasoline to produce J, what would the charge be at the negative terminal? G 85V, J R Charge (Q) A Q = E/V S Q = 19000J/85V = 223.5C P Therefore the charge would be C. 15. If 14 Coulombs of charge pass a point in a conductor in 2.5 minutes, what is the current through that point in the conductor? G 14 C, 2.5 minutes ( 2.5 x 60 = 210 seconds) R Current (I) A I = Q/t S I = 14/210 = 0.07A P Therefore the current through that point in the conductor is 0.07A.

5 16. If the current in a circuit is A, how long would it take for 20 C of charge to pass by a single point? G 0.016A, 20C R Time (t) A t = Q/I S t = 20C/0.016A = 1250s P Therefore 1250 seconds would pass for this to occur. 17. How much charge will pass through a point in a conductor in seventeen minutes if the current is 0.05 A? G 0.05A, 17 minutes (17 x 60 = 1020 seconds) R charge (Q) A Q = Ixt S Q = 0.05A x 1020s = 51C P Therefore 51C of charge will pass through that point. 18. How much electric current would a light bulb draw if it is attached to a 60.0 V source that has a resistance of 220 ohms? G 60.0V, 220 ohms R Current (I) A I=V/R S I= 60.0V/220ohms = 0.27A P Therefore a light bulb would draw 0.27A of current. 19. What voltage is needed to turn a fan that has a resistance of 1100 ohms and a current of 125 ma? G 1100 ohms, 125 ma (0.125A) R potential difference (V) A V=I x R S V= 0.125A x 1100 ohms = 137.5V P Therefore V of potential difference is needed.

6 20. How much power is drawn from a refrigerator if it uses joules in two minutes? G J, 2 minutes (2 x 60 = 180 seconds) R Power (P) A P = E/t S P = 72200J/180s = Watts P Therefore Watts of power is drawn. 21. If speakers use 40 Watts of power per half hour, how much energy does it consume? G 40 W, 30 minutes (30 x 60 = 1800 seconds) R Energy (E) A E=P x t S E= 40W x 1800s = Joules P Therefore the speakers consume 72000J of energy. 22. Understand the reading on Electrochemical cells and the environment, and be able to answer all associated questions. 23. Understand both Bill Nye videos (Static & Current Electricity) 24. Know the three laws of electric charges. 1. Charged objects attract neutral objects. 2. Objects with the same charges repel each other. 3. Objects with different charges attract each other. Fill out the following table about the three types of particles found in the atom: Type of Particle Type of Charge Location in the atom Electron Negative In orbit around the nucleus Can/Cannot Move Can Proton Positive Nucleus Cannot Neutron No Charge Nucleus Cannot

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