Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide Distress Models
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1 Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide Distress Models By: Mohamed El-Basyouny Arizona State University Pavement Performance Models Symposium Laramie - Wyoming June 23, 2006
2 Outline Analysis Methodology Distress models for MEPDG Calibration of MEPDG distress models under NCHRP-37A NCHRP -40D modifications NCHRP -40D recalibration Further work under NCHRP -40D
3 M-E Pavement Design Guide Methodology Asphalt Concrete Unbound Base Asphalt Concrete Asphalt Surface Asphalt Binder Unbound Sub-Base Unbound Base Asphalt Base Compacted Subgrade Compacted Subgrade Compacted Subgrade Natural Subgrade Natural Subgrade Natural Subgrade Asphalt Concrete Asphalt Concrete Asphalt Concrete Asphalt Treated Base Cement Treated Base Unbound Base Unbound Sub-Base Compacted Subgrade Natural Subgrade Unbound Sub-Base Compacted Subgrade Natural Subgrade Asphalt Treated or Cement Treated Layer Compacted Subgrade Natural Subgrade
4 Computation Methodology Define sub-layers Adjust layer properties for environmental effects: Temp./Aging of HMA Frost/Moisture in unbound materials Simulate traffic loads. Compute pavement critical response. FEA MELT - JULEA
5 Critical Response Values ε c ε t ε t at surface + bottom of all bound layers (cracking) ε c at midthickness of all layers + top of subgrade (rutting)
6 Damage Methodology Fracture: Distortion: ΔRD ΔDI = = m j n i = = N i ( ε ) i t m k j [ )( )] ε ( h P d d k = i= d = l k k, i k = load level i = time/season d = sublayer
7 Design Criteria RUT DEPTH Criterion TIME FATIGUE CRACKING Criterion Design Period TIME
8 Predicted Distresses Fatigue Cracking IRI Thermal Cracking Longitudinal Cracking Rutting
9 Smoothness Model IRI = IRI O + ΔIRI D + Δ IRI SF IRI O = Initial IRI ΔIRI D = Change in IRI due to distress ΔIRI SF = Change in IRI due to site factors
10 IRI vs. Distress Summary Variable Unbound Base ATB CTB HMA OVERLAY HMA PCC Site Factor Age Alligator Ckg Rut Depth Transverse Ckg. Block Ckg. Longitudinal Ckg. Pot Holes Patching
11 Fatigue Cracking
12 N f = M C = 0 M Fatigue Cracking Models Asphalt Institute MS β f C εt Vb = Va + Vb 3.29β f2 E 0.854β N f = number of repetitions to fatigue cracking ε t = tensile strain at the critical location E = material stiffness β f, β f2, β f3 = calibration factors Va = air voids, % f3
13 Calibration Test Sections 94 LTPP Sections
14 Fatigue Cracking Calibration MS- Combination of Minimum Damage Maximum Damage Damage β f2 and β f3 (%) (%) Start of Crack Propagation 0.8, ,497,000 7, ,.5 80,0 9.5E E , E+09.6E+5 5.0E+2.0, ,77 0.0, , , ,540,000 50,000.0,2.5 5,020,000 6.E+2 7.0e+09.2, E , , ,2.5 4, E+0.0E+07
15 Alligator Cracking Calibration Shifting Thin Sections k ' k' = e ( *hac) R 2 = AC Layer Thickness (in)
16 Alligator Cracking Calibration N f k' = * k' * C εt E = e ( *hac).28 F C + e = C ' + C ' *log( )) ( 2 D * 60 C' C' ' = * ( + hac) = 2* C
17 Alligator Cracking Calibration Number of observations = 46 observations. Alligator Cracking (% of Total Lane Area) Sum of error square = Standard error (S e ) = 6.2 %. S e /S y = Log Damage (%)
18 Permanent Deformations
19 Rutting Unbound Layer Rut Calibration δ a ( ) N = βgb / SG ε The set 8-CB was selected β GB =.67 β SG =.35 v h ε o ε r e ρ N β Set β GB β SG -A A A A CB CB CB CB CB CB CB CB* CB-* CB** CB*.4.5 -CB* CB-* E F F F F G G G G G
20 Rutting in HMA ε p log ε = + r β log N r 3 log β ε p = plastic strain r +.734β ε r = resilient strain T = layer temperature (deg F) N = no of load repetition logt βr, β r 2, β r 3 = calibration factors r 2
21 Calibration Test Sections 94 LTPP Sections
22 AC Rutting Calibration MnRoad Study As depth increased the rut depth increased. This is because the confining pressure was not modeled in the HMA rut model. To model the confining pressure: 7 MnRoad Cells were used. ε ε p r = k * β r.5606 * 0 T N
23 HMA Rutting Calibration MnRoad Study Cell HMA Asphalt Surface Lift and Layer Deformation Layer Binder Rut Base Subgrade Thickness AC AC AC AC
24 HMA Rutting Calibration MnRoad Study k = C C * depth) * ( + 2 depth 2 C 0.039* h ac * h = ac 2 C * h ac.733* h + = ac Depth (inch) Cumulative % AC Rutting 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 00% 20% Predicted Measured Depth (inch) Average % AC Rutting with Depth 0% 0% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% Predicted Measured 00 %
25 AC Rut Depth Predicted AC Rutting (in) R 2 = N = 387 S e = SSe = Average Estimated Measured AC Rutting (in) Predicted vs Ave. Estimated Measured AC Rutting Equality Line
26 GB Rut Depth R 2 = N = 387 S e = SSe =0.243 Predicted GB Rutting (in) Average Estimated Measured GB Rutting (in) Predicted vs Est. Measured GB Rutting Equality Line
27 SG Rut Depth R 2 = 0.36 N = 387 S e = SSe =0.93 Predicted SG Rutting (in) Average Estimated Measured SG Rutting (in) Predicted vs Est. Measured SG Rutting Equality Line
28 Total Rut Depth.2 Predicted Total Rutting (in) R 2 = N = 387 S e = 0.2 SSe = Average Measured Total Rutting (in) Predicted vs Measured Total Rutting Equality Line
29 Rut Depth Calibration AC Rut Depth Model ε ε p r = k * T N k = C C * depth) * ( + 2 depth 2 C 0.039* h ac * h = ac 2 C * h ac.733* h + = ac
30 NCHRP -40D Project We enhanced the MEPDG between Version 0.8 and 0.9: Climate New models from NCHRP 9-23 developed by Arizona State University (using Thornthwaite Moisture Index - TMI for suction prediction in unbound layers) Correct of software bugs (discontinuity in distress predictions) Improvement of the running time of the program Enhancement of outputs and some screens Revision of Unbound Mr default values Revision of Level 3 creep compliance prediction models for Thermal cracking prediction Revision of Calibration data Recalibrate Distress models Revision of IRI models
31 NCHRP -40D Calibration Predicted AC Rutting (in) Average Estimated Measured AC Rutting (in) R 2 = 0.62 N = 334 S e = 0.05 Se/Sy = Predicted vs Ave. Estimated Measured AC Rutting Equality Line
32 NCHRP -40D Calibration 0.5 Predicted GB Rutting (in) R 2 = N = 334 S e = Se/Sy = Average Estimated Measured GB Rutting (in) Predicted vs Est. Measured GB Rutting Equality Line
33 NCHRP -40D Calibration 0.6 Predicted SG Rutting (in) R 2 = N = 334 S e = Se/Sy = Average Estimated Measured SG Rutting (in) Predicted vs Est. Measured SG Rutting Equality Line
34 NCHRP -40D Calibration.2 Predicted Total Rutting (in) R 2 = N = 334 S e = 0.07 Se/Sy = Average Measured Total Rutting (in) Predicted vs Measured Total Rutting Equality Line
35 NCHRP -40D work Still working on additional enhancements for Version.0 Using G* for HMA Dynamic modulus Including Modified mixture such as Asphalt Rubber Incorporating new models for the Treated Bases Incorporation of new local calibration models from NCHRP -40B and 9-30
36 Distress To be Modeled There is still the need for more mechanical models to characterize: reflective cracking longitudinal (Top-down) cracking Transverse Fatigue cracking
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