The Evaluation Theorem
|
|
- Magdalene Simon
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 These notes closely follow the presenttion of the mteril given in Jmes Stewrt s textook Clculus, Concepts nd Contexts (2nd edition) These notes re intended primrily for in-clss presenttion nd should not e regrded s sustitute for thoroughly reding the textook itself nd working through the exercises therein The Evlution Theorem As we hve lerned y experience, it is very difficult nd tedious to compute definite integrls, fxdx, using the definition of the definite integrl, fxdx lim n R n In fct, it is usully not possile to do this unless the Riemnn Sum, R n, tht is involved contins specil summtion formuls such s n i i nn 2 tht llow us to simplify R n in such wy tht lim n R n cn e computed Some previous exmples tht we studied in which we were le to compute definite integrls using the definition were x 2 dx 0 3 nd 2 x 3 dx 375 Some other exmples in which we were le to compute the exct vlue of definite integrl y using sic geometry were 5 32t 48dt 60 0 nd x 2 dx 2 The theorem tht we re now out to stte, which the uthor or our textook, Jmes Stewrt, clls The Evlution Theorem, gives us considerly esier wy to evlute mny definite integrls Theorem (The Evlution Theorem) Suppose tht the function f is continuous on the intervl, nd suppose tht F is n ntiderivtive of f on, Then
2 fxdx F F Exmple Use the Evlution Theorem to find the vlues of x 2 dx, 0 2 x 3 dx, t 48dt, nd 0 sinxdx 2
3 Remrk It is not lwys esy to use the Evlution Theorem Sometimes it cn e very difficult to find n ntiderivtive of the integrnd, f In fct, sometimes it is impossile! An exmple of difficult (ut not impossile) prolem on which the Evlution Theorem cn e used is x 2 dx An exmple of prolem on which it is impossile to use the Evlution Theorem is 0 sinx 2 dx 3
4 Why Does the Evlution Theorem Work? Suppose tht f is continuous on the intervl, nd suppose tht F is n ntiderivtive of f For ny given positive integer, n, we use the usul method of sudividing the intervl, into n pieces: x n n x 0 x x n x 2 2 x n x n n x n x n n x n nd, s usul, we define n R n fx i x n i Now, oserve tht F F Fx n Fx n Fx n Fx n2 Fx 2 Fx Fx Fx 0 n Fx i Fx i i Since the function F is differentile on ech of the suintervls x i,x i, then y the Men Vlue Theorem, there exists t lest one point x i x i,x i such tht F x i Fx i Fx i x i x i Fx i Fx i x n From this, we conclude tht Fx i Fx i F x i x n However, recll tht F is n ntiderivtive of f (which mens tht F f) Therefore, Fx i Fx i fx i x n We thus see tht n F F fx i x n i Tking the limit s n on oth sides of the ove eqution gives us 4
5 F F fxdx 5
6 Indefinite Integrls The Evlution Theorem shows tht there is close connection etween the processes of integrtion nd ntidifferentition For this reson, we sometimes use the integrtion symol,, s symol for ntidifferentition We write fxdx to denote the definite integrl of f over the intervl,, nd we write fxdx to denote n indefinite integrl of f, mening ny ntiderivtive of f Thus, for exmple, we could write x 2 dx 3 x3 C nd e x dx e x C 6
7 Exmple Find the following indefinite integrls: x n dx (ssuming tht n is constnt with n ) x dx sinxdx cosxdx sec 2 xdx e x dx dx Remrk The notion of n indefinite integrl s defined in most textooks (including ours) is not techniclly correct The sttement tht F is n ntiderivtive of f does not mke sense unless we refer to some intervl Thus, sttement tht does mke sense is F is n ntiderivtive of f on the intervl, A more correct nottion for n indefinite integrl would mke reference to the intervl, Thus, more correct nottion for n indefinite integrl might look something like, In most situtions encountered in elementry clculus, this nunce does not relly mtter (which is proly why most textook uthors ignore it) For exmple, the sttements, x 2 dx 3 x3 C nd, cosxdx sinx C re correct no mtter wht intervl, we use However, the sttement, x dx lnx C might or might not e correct, depending on wht the intervl, is If, is n intervl of positive numers, then the sttement is correct, ut if, is n intervl of negtive numers, then the sttement is not correct 7
8 How To Mke Up n Integrtion Prolem Tht You Cn Do But Noody Else Cn (Unless They Are Very Clever) Wnt to impress you friends? The Evlution Theorem tells us tht if F is n ntiderivtive of f, then fxdx F F Therefore, the definite integrl of f over the intervl, is esy to compute if you know wht F is One wy to mke up hrd prolem (tht you cn esily do ut others will hve troule with) is to strt with some very complicted function F (tht you mke up), then compute its derivtive, f Chnces re tht if F is very complicted looking, then f will lso e very complicted looking Then sk your friends to compute fxdx You will know how to compute this integrl ecuse you know wht F is However, your friends might hve hrd time Here is n exmple of this: Let s tke The derivtive of this function is Fx x 2 2x 3 x 2 3 8
9 F x x2 3 d dx x 2 2x 3 2 x 2 2x 3 2 d dx x2 3 x x2 3 2 x2 2x 3 2 2x 2 x 2 2x 3 2 2x x x2 3 x 2 2x 3 2 x x 2 2x 3 2 2x x x 2 3 x 2 3x x 2 2x3 x x 2 2x3 x xx2 2x3 x 2 2x3 x x 2 3x2xx 2 2x3 x 2 2x3 x x x 2 2x 3 x2 3x 2xx 2 2x 3 x x 2 2x 3 x 3 3x 2 9x 3 x x 2 2x 3 Wht we hve just discovered is tht the function is n ntiderivtive of the function Fx x 2 2x 3 x 2 3 fx x 3 3x 2 9x 3 x x 2 2x 3 Now suppose you sk your friend to do the prolem x 3 3x 2 9x 3 x x 2 2x 3 dx I et they cn t do it But you cn! 3 9
10 3 x 3 3x 2 9x 3 x x 2 2x 3 dx F3 F Assignment: Mke up n integrtion prolem tht you cn do ut tht you think I cn t do Hnd in your prolem (without its solution) on Mondy, Novemer 29 Wht you hnd in on Novemer 29 should hve this formt: Evlute the integrl: 3 x 3 3x 2 9x 3 x x 2 2x 3 dx Then hnd in the solution to your prolem on Decemer 3 (the dy of the next exm) If I cn t do the prolem tht you hnd in (on Novemer 29) nd you show me how to do it (in wht you hnd in on Decemer 3), then I will replce your two lowest prolem scores on the next exm with 0s If I cn do the prolem tht you hnd in on Novemer 29 nd you show me how to do it (in wht you hnd in on Decemer 3), then I will replce your lowest prolem score on the Decemer 3 exm with 0 Hve fun nd e cretive! Note: This is gret opportunity to get good grde on the Decemer 3 exm, ut I expect you to put some effort into it so tht you re getting credit for ctully hving lerned something This ssignment is not for the purpose of getting giving wy free credit in exchnge for only little it of effort from you I expect you to hnd in something tht is very netly written with correct nottion, etc If you hnd in something tht looks like you did not spend much time on it, then I will proly frown upon it 0
Improper Integrals. The First Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, as we ve discussed in class, goes as follows:
Improper Integrls The First Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus, s we ve discussed in clss, goes s follows: If f is continuous on the intervl [, ] nd F is function for which F t = ft, then ftdt = F F. An integrl
More informationAn Overview of Integration
An Overview of Integrtion S. F. Ellermeyer July 26, 2 The Definite Integrl of Function f Over n Intervl, Suppose tht f is continuous function defined on n intervl,. The definite integrl of f from to is
More informationDefinite Integrals. The area under a curve can be approximated by adding up the areas of rectangles = 1 1 +
Definite Integrls --5 The re under curve cn e pproximted y dding up the res of rectngles. Exmple. Approximte the re under y = from x = to x = using equl suintervls nd + x evluting the function t the left-hnd
More informationMA123, Chapter 10: Formulas for integrals: integrals, antiderivatives, and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (pp.
MA123, Chpter 1: Formuls for integrls: integrls, ntiderivtives, nd the Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus (pp. 27-233, Gootmn) Chpter Gols: Assignments: Understnd the sttement of the Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus.
More informationFundamental Theorem of Calculus
Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus Recll tht if f is nonnegtive nd continuous on [, ], then the re under its grph etween nd is the definite integrl A= f() d Now, for in the intervl [, ], let A() e the re under
More informationACCESS TO SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND AGRICULTURE: MATHEMATICS 1 MATH00030 SEMESTER /2019
ACCESS TO SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND AGRICULTURE: MATHEMATICS MATH00030 SEMESTER 208/209 DR. ANTHONY BROWN 7.. Introduction to Integrtion. 7. Integrl Clculus As ws the cse with the chpter on differentil
More informationUnit #9 : Definite Integral Properties; Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
Unit #9 : Definite Integrl Properties; Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus Gols: Identify properties of definite integrls Define odd nd even functions, nd reltionship to integrl vlues Introduce the Fundmentl
More informationOverview of Calculus I
Overview of Clculus I Prof. Jim Swift Northern Arizon University There re three key concepts in clculus: The limit, the derivtive, nd the integrl. You need to understnd the definitions of these three things,
More informationTest 3 Review. Jiwen He. I will replace your lowest test score with the percentage grade from the final exam (provided it is higher).
Test 3 Review Jiwen He Test 3 Test 3: Dec. 4-6 in CASA Mteril - Through 6.3. No Homework (Thnksgiving) No homework this week! Hve GREAT Thnksgiving! Finl Exm Finl Exm: Dec. 14-17 in CASA You Might Be Interested
More information2 b. , a. area is S= 2π xds. Again, understand where these formulas came from (pages ).
AP Clculus BC Review Chpter 8 Prt nd Chpter 9 Things to Know nd Be Ale to Do Know everything from the first prt of Chpter 8 Given n integrnd figure out how to ntidifferentite it using ny of the following
More information1 The Riemann Integral
The Riemnn Integrl. An exmple leding to the notion of integrl (res) We know how to find (i.e. define) the re of rectngle (bse height), tringle ( (sum of res of tringles). But how do we find/define n re
More informationINTRODUCTION TO INTEGRATION
INTRODUCTION TO INTEGRATION 5.1 Ares nd Distnces Assume f(x) 0 on the intervl [, b]. Let A be the re under the grph of f(x). b We will obtin n pproximtion of A in the following three steps. STEP 1: Divide
More informationThe First Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. If f(x) is continuous on [a, b] and F (x) is any antiderivative. f(x) dx = F (b) F (a).
The Fundmentl Theorems of Clculus Mth 4, Section 0, Spring 009 We now know enough bout definite integrls to give precise formultions of the Fundmentl Theorems of Clculus. We will lso look t some bsic emples
More informationChapters 4 & 5 Integrals & Applications
Contents Chpters 4 & 5 Integrls & Applictions Motivtion to Chpters 4 & 5 2 Chpter 4 3 Ares nd Distnces 3. VIDEO - Ares Under Functions............................................ 3.2 VIDEO - Applictions
More information7.2 The Definite Integral
7.2 The Definite Integrl the definite integrl In the previous section, it ws found tht if function f is continuous nd nonnegtive, then the re under the grph of f on [, b] is given by F (b) F (), where
More informationReview of Calculus, cont d
Jim Lmbers MAT 460 Fll Semester 2009-10 Lecture 3 Notes These notes correspond to Section 1.1 in the text. Review of Clculus, cont d Riemnn Sums nd the Definite Integrl There re mny cses in which some
More informationSection 6: Area, Volume, and Average Value
Chpter The Integrl Applied Clculus Section 6: Are, Volume, nd Averge Vlue Are We hve lredy used integrls to find the re etween the grph of function nd the horizontl xis. Integrls cn lso e used to find
More informationThe area under the graph of f and above the x-axis between a and b is denoted by. f(x) dx. π O
1 Section 5. The Definite Integrl Suppose tht function f is continuous nd positive over n intervl [, ]. y = f(x) x The re under the grph of f nd ove the x-xis etween nd is denoted y f(x) dx nd clled the
More informationChapter 6 Techniques of Integration
MA Techniques of Integrtion Asst.Prof.Dr.Suprnee Liswdi Chpter 6 Techniques of Integrtion Recll: Some importnt integrls tht we hve lernt so fr. Tle of Integrls n+ n d = + C n + e d = e + C ( n ) d = ln
More informationTopics Covered AP Calculus AB
Topics Covered AP Clculus AB ) Elementry Functions ) Properties of Functions i) A function f is defined s set of ll ordered pirs (, y), such tht for ech element, there corresponds ectly one element y.
More informationThe practical version
Roerto s Notes on Integrl Clculus Chpter 4: Definite integrls nd the FTC Section 7 The Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus: The prcticl version Wht you need to know lredy: The theoreticl version of the FTC. Wht
More informationReview on Integration (Secs ) Review: Sec Origins of Calculus. Riemann Sums. New functions from old ones.
Mth 20B Integrl Clculus Lecture Review on Integrtion (Secs. 5. - 5.3) Remrks on the course. Slide Review: Sec. 5.-5.3 Origins of Clculus. Riemnn Sums. New functions from old ones. A mthemticl description
More informationEvaluating Definite Integrals. There are a few properties that you should remember in order to assist you in evaluating definite integrals.
Evluting Definite Integrls There re few properties tht you should rememer in order to ssist you in evluting definite integrls. f x dx= ; where k is ny rel constnt k f x dx= k f x dx ± = ± f x g x dx f
More informationLecture 1: Introduction to integration theory and bounded variation
Lecture 1: Introduction to integrtion theory nd bounded vrition Wht is this course bout? Integrtion theory. The first question you might hve is why there is nything you need to lern bout integrtion. You
More information63. Representation of functions as power series Consider a power series. ( 1) n x 2n for all 1 < x < 1
3 9. SEQUENCES AND SERIES 63. Representtion of functions s power series Consider power series x 2 + x 4 x 6 + x 8 + = ( ) n x 2n It is geometric series with q = x 2 nd therefore it converges for ll q =
More informationAdvanced Calculus: MATH 410 Notes on Integrals and Integrability Professor David Levermore 17 October 2004
Advnced Clculus: MATH 410 Notes on Integrls nd Integrbility Professor Dvid Levermore 17 October 2004 1. Definite Integrls In this section we revisit the definite integrl tht you were introduced to when
More informationMATH 1080: Calculus of One Variable II Fall 2017 Textbook: Single Variable Calculus: Early Transcendentals, 7e, by James Stewart.
MATH 1080: Clculus of One Vrile II Fll 2017 Textook: Single Vrile Clculus: Erly Trnscendentls, 7e, y Jmes Stewrt Unit 2 Skill Set Importnt: Students should expect test questions tht require synthesis of
More informationRiemann Sums and Riemann Integrals
Riemnn Sums nd Riemnn Integrls Jmes K. Peterson Deprtment of Biologicl Sciences nd Deprtment of Mthemticl Sciences Clemson University August 26, 2013 Outline 1 Riemnn Sums 2 Riemnn Integrls 3 Properties
More informationIntegrals - Motivation
Integrls - Motivtion When we looked t function s rte of chnge If f(x) is liner, the nswer is esy slope If f(x) is non-liner, we hd to work hrd limits derivtive A relted question is the re under f(x) (but
More informationChapter 0. What is the Lebesgue integral about?
Chpter 0. Wht is the Lebesgue integrl bout? The pln is to hve tutoril sheet ech week, most often on Fridy, (to be done during the clss) where you will try to get used to the ides introduced in the previous
More informationand that at t = 0 the object is at position 5. Find the position of the object at t = 2.
7.2 The Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus 49 re mny, mny problems tht pper much different on the surfce but tht turn out to be the sme s these problems, in the sense tht when we try to pproimte solutions we
More informationSection 6.1 Definite Integral
Section 6.1 Definite Integrl Suppose we wnt to find the re of region tht is not so nicely shped. For exmple, consider the function shown elow. The re elow the curve nd ove the x xis cnnot e determined
More informationMath Calculus with Analytic Geometry II
orem of definite Mth 5.0 with Anlytic Geometry II Jnury 4, 0 orem of definite If < b then b f (x) dx = ( under f bove x-xis) ( bove f under x-xis) Exmple 8 0 3 9 x dx = π 3 4 = 9π 4 orem of definite Problem
More informationReview of Gaussian Quadrature method
Review of Gussin Qudrture method Nsser M. Asi Spring 006 compiled on Sundy Decemer 1, 017 t 09:1 PM 1 The prolem To find numericl vlue for the integrl of rel vlued function of rel vrile over specific rnge
More informationUNIFORM CONVERGENCE. Contents 1. Uniform Convergence 1 2. Properties of uniform convergence 3
UNIFORM CONVERGENCE Contents 1. Uniform Convergence 1 2. Properties of uniform convergence 3 Suppose f n : Ω R or f n : Ω C is sequence of rel or complex functions, nd f n f s n in some sense. Furthermore,
More informationImproper Integrals, and Differential Equations
Improper Integrls, nd Differentil Equtions October 22, 204 5.3 Improper Integrls Previously, we discussed how integrls correspond to res. More specificlly, we sid tht for function f(x), the region creted
More informationn f(x i ) x. i=1 In section 4.2, we defined the definite integral of f from x = a to x = b as n f(x i ) x; f(x) dx = lim i=1
The Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus As we continue to study the re problem, let s think bck to wht we know bout computing res of regions enclosed by curves. If we wnt to find the re of the region below the
More informationRiemann Sums and Riemann Integrals
Riemnn Sums nd Riemnn Integrls Jmes K. Peterson Deprtment of Biologicl Sciences nd Deprtment of Mthemticl Sciences Clemson University August 26, 203 Outline Riemnn Sums Riemnn Integrls Properties Abstrct
More informationSection 4: Integration ECO4112F 2011
Reding: Ching Chpter Section : Integrtion ECOF Note: These notes do not fully cover the mteril in Ching, ut re ment to supplement your reding in Ching. Thus fr the optimistion you hve covered hs een sttic
More informationa < a+ x < a+2 x < < a+n x = b, n A i n f(x i ) x. i=1 i=1
Mth 33 Volume Stewrt 5.2 Geometry of integrls. In this section, we will lern how to compute volumes using integrls defined by slice nlysis. First, we recll from Clculus I how to compute res. Given the
More informationProperties of Integrals, Indefinite Integrals. Goals: Definition of the Definite Integral Integral Calculations using Antiderivatives
Block #6: Properties of Integrls, Indefinite Integrls Gols: Definition of the Definite Integrl Integrl Clcultions using Antiderivtives Properties of Integrls The Indefinite Integrl 1 Riemnn Sums - 1 Riemnn
More information11 An introduction to Riemann Integration
11 An introduction to Riemnn Integrtion The PROOFS of the stndrd lemms nd theorems concerning the Riemnn Integrl re NEB, nd you will not be sked to reproduce proofs of these in full in the exmintion in
More informationSuppose we want to find the area under the parabola and above the x axis, between the lines x = 2 and x = -2.
Mth 43 Section 6. Section 6.: Definite Integrl Suppose we wnt to find the re of region tht is not so nicely shped. For exmple, consider the function shown elow. The re elow the curve nd ove the x xis cnnot
More informationReversing the Chain Rule. As we have seen from the Second Fundamental Theorem ( 4.3), the easiest way to evaluate an integral b
Mth 32 Substitution Method Stewrt 4.5 Reversing the Chin Rule. As we hve seen from the Second Fundmentl Theorem ( 4.3), the esiest wy to evlute n integrl b f(x) dx is to find n ntiderivtive, the indefinite
More informationMA 124 January 18, Derivatives are. Integrals are.
MA 124 Jnury 18, 2018 Prof PB s one-minute introduction to clculus Derivtives re. Integrls re. In Clculus 1, we lern limits, derivtives, some pplictions of derivtives, indefinite integrls, definite integrls,
More informationReview of basic calculus
Review of bsic clculus This brief review reclls some of the most importnt concepts, definitions, nd theorems from bsic clculus. It is not intended to tech bsic clculus from scrtch. If ny of the items below
More informationDEFINITION The inner product of two functions f 1 and f 2 on an interval [a, b] is the number. ( f 1, f 2 ) b DEFINITION 11.1.
398 CHAPTER 11 ORTHOGONAL FUNCTIONS AND FOURIER SERIES 11.1 ORTHOGONAL FUNCTIONS REVIEW MATERIAL The notions of generlized vectors nd vector spces cn e found in ny liner lger text. INTRODUCTION The concepts
More informationThe Regulated and Riemann Integrals
Chpter 1 The Regulted nd Riemnn Integrls 1.1 Introduction We will consider severl different pproches to defining the definite integrl f(x) dx of function f(x). These definitions will ll ssign the sme vlue
More informationSection 5.4 Fundamental Theorem of Calculus 2 Lectures. Dr. Abdulla Eid. College of Science. MATHS 101: Calculus 1
Section 5.4 Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus 2 Lectures College of Science MATHS : Clculus (University of Bhrin) Integrls / 24 Definite Integrl Recll: The integrl is used to find re under the curve over n
More informationMath& 152 Section Integration by Parts
Mth& 5 Section 7. - Integrtion by Prts Integrtion by prts is rule tht trnsforms the integrl of the product of two functions into other (idelly simpler) integrls. Recll from Clculus I tht given two differentible
More informationParse trees, ambiguity, and Chomsky normal form
Prse trees, miguity, nd Chomsky norml form In this lecture we will discuss few importnt notions connected with contextfree grmmrs, including prse trees, miguity, nd specil form for context-free grmmrs
More informationImproper Integrals. Introduction. Type 1: Improper Integrals on Infinite Intervals. When we defined the definite integral.
Improper Integrls Introduction When we defined the definite integrl f d we ssumed tht f ws continuous on [, ] where [, ] ws finite, closed intervl There re t lest two wys this definition cn fil to e stisfied:
More informationSYDE 112, LECTURES 3 & 4: The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
SYDE 112, LECTURES & 4: The Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus So fr we hve introduced two new concepts in this course: ntidifferentition nd Riemnn sums. It turns out tht these quntities re relted, but it is
More information10. AREAS BETWEEN CURVES
. AREAS BETWEEN CURVES.. Ares etween curves So res ove the x-xis re positive nd res elow re negtive, right? Wrong! We lied! Well, when you first lern out integrtion it s convenient fiction tht s true in
More informationf(a+h) f(a) x a h 0. This is the rate at which
M408S Concept Inventory smple nswers These questions re open-ended, nd re intended to cover the min topics tht we lerned in M408S. These re not crnk-out-n-nswer problems! (There re plenty of those in the
More informationExam 2, Mathematics 4701, Section ETY6 6:05 pm 7:40 pm, March 31, 2016, IH-1105 Instructor: Attila Máté 1
Exm, Mthemtics 471, Section ETY6 6:5 pm 7:4 pm, Mrch 1, 16, IH-115 Instructor: Attil Máté 1 17 copies 1. ) Stte the usul sufficient condition for the fixed-point itertion to converge when solving the eqution
More informationx = b a n x 2 e x dx. cdx = c(b a), where c is any constant. a b
CHAPTER 5. INTEGRALS 61 where nd x = b n x i = 1 (x i 1 + x i ) = midpoint of [x i 1, x i ]. Problem 168 (Exercise 1, pge 377). Use the Midpoint Rule with the n = 4 to pproximte 5 1 x e x dx. Some quick
More informationSection Areas and Distances. Example 1: Suppose a car travels at a constant 50 miles per hour for 2 hours. What is the total distance traveled?
Section 5. - Ares nd Distnces Exmple : Suppose cr trvels t constnt 5 miles per hour for 2 hours. Wht is the totl distnce trveled? Exmple 2: Suppose cr trvels 75 miles per hour for the first hour, 7 miles
More informationBig idea in Calculus: approximation
Big ide in Clculus: pproximtion Derivtive: f (x) = df dx f f(x +h) f(x) =, x h rte of chnge is pproximtely the rtio of chnges in the function vlue nd in the vrible in very short time Liner pproximtion:
More informationSections 5.2: The Definite Integral
Sections 5.2: The Definite Integrl In this section we shll formlize the ides from the lst section to functions in generl. We strt with forml definition.. The Definite Integrl Definition.. Suppose f(x)
More informationRiemann Integrals and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
Riemnn Integrls nd the Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus Jmes K. Peterson Deprtment of Biologicl Sciences nd Deprtment of Mthemticl Sciences Clemson University September 16, 2013 Outline Grphing Riemnn Sums
More informationThe Riemann Integral
Deprtment of Mthemtics King Sud University 2017-2018 Tble of contents 1 Anti-derivtive Function nd Indefinite Integrls 2 3 4 5 Indefinite Integrls & Anti-derivtive Function Definition Let f : I R be function
More informationTHE EXISTENCE-UNIQUENESS THEOREM FOR FIRST-ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS.
THE EXISTENCE-UNIQUENESS THEOREM FOR FIRST-ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS RADON ROSBOROUGH https://intuitiveexplntionscom/picrd-lindelof-theorem/ This document is proof of the existence-uniqueness theorem
More informationMain topics for the Second Midterm
Min topics for the Second Midterm The Midterm will cover Sections 5.4-5.9, Sections 6.1-6.3, nd Sections 7.1-7.7 (essentilly ll of the mteril covered in clss from the First Midterm). Be sure to know the
More informationQuadratic Forms. Quadratic Forms
Qudrtic Forms Recll the Simon & Blume excerpt from n erlier lecture which sid tht the min tsk of clculus is to pproximte nonliner functions with liner functions. It s ctully more ccurte to sy tht we pproximte
More informationLecture 3: Equivalence Relations
Mthcmp Crsh Course Instructor: Pdric Brtlett Lecture 3: Equivlence Reltions Week 1 Mthcmp 2014 In our lst three tlks of this clss, we shift the focus of our tlks from proof techniques to proof concepts
More informationp(t) dt + i 1 re it ireit dt =
Note: This mteril is contined in Kreyszig, Chpter 13. Complex integrtion We will define integrls of complex functions long curves in C. (This is bit similr to [relvlued] line integrls P dx + Q dy in R2.)
More informationHow do we solve these things, especially when they get complicated? How do we know when a system has a solution, and when is it unique?
XII. LINEAR ALGEBRA: SOLVING SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS Tody we re going to tlk out solving systems of liner equtions. These re prolems tht give couple of equtions with couple of unknowns, like: 6= x + x 7=
More informationAnti-derivatives/Indefinite Integrals of Basic Functions
Anti-derivtives/Indefinite Integrls of Bsic Functions Power Rule: In prticulr, this mens tht x n+ x n n + + C, dx = ln x + C, if n if n = x 0 dx = dx = dx = x + C nd x (lthough you won t use the second
More informationImproper Integrals. Type I Improper Integrals How do we evaluate an integral such as
Improper Integrls Two different types of integrls cn qulify s improper. The first type of improper integrl (which we will refer to s Type I) involves evluting n integrl over n infinite region. In the grph
More informationThe Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
The Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus Professor Richrd Blecksmith richrd@mth.niu.edu Dept. of Mthemticl Sciences Northern Illinois University http://mth.niu.edu/ richrd/mth229. The Definite Integrl We define
More informationdifferent methods (left endpoint, right endpoint, midpoint, trapezoid, Simpson s).
Mth 1A with Professor Stnkov Worksheet, Discussion #41; Wednesdy, 12/6/217 GSI nme: Roy Zho Problems 1. Write the integrl 3 dx s limit of Riemnn sums. Write it using 2 intervls using the 1 x different
More informationCalculus II: Integrations and Series
Clculus II: Integrtions nd Series August 7, 200 Integrls Suppose we hve generl function y = f(x) For simplicity, let f(x) > 0 nd f(x) continuous Denote F (x) = re under the grph of f in the intervl [,x]
More informationChapter 5. Numerical Integration
Chpter 5. Numericl Integrtion These re just summries of the lecture notes, nd few detils re included. Most of wht we include here is to be found in more detil in Anton. 5. Remrk. There re two topics with
More informationc n φ n (x), 0 < x < L, (1) n=1
SECTION : Fourier Series. MATH4. In section 4, we will study method clled Seprtion of Vribles for finding exct solutions to certin clss of prtil differentil equtions (PDEs. To do this, it will be necessry
More informationMAA 4212 Improper Integrals
Notes by Dvid Groisser, Copyright c 1995; revised 2002, 2009, 2014 MAA 4212 Improper Integrls The Riemnn integrl, while perfectly well-defined, is too restrictive for mny purposes; there re functions which
More informationMath 113 Exam 1-Review
Mth 113 Exm 1-Review September 26, 2016 Exm 1 covers 6.1-7.3 in the textbook. It is dvisble to lso review the mteril from 5.3 nd 5.5 s this will be helpful in solving some of the problems. 6.1 Are Between
More information7. Indefinite Integrals
7. Indefinite Integrls These lecture notes present my interprettion of Ruth Lwrence s lecture notes (in Herew) 7. Prolem sttement By the fundmentl theorem of clculus, to clculte n integrl we need to find
More informationWe divide the interval [a, b] into subintervals of equal length x = b a n
Arc Length Given curve C defined by function f(x), we wnt to find the length of this curve between nd b. We do this by using process similr to wht we did in defining the Riemnn Sum of definite integrl:
More information(0.0)(0.1)+(0.3)(0.1)+(0.6)(0.1)+ +(2.7)(0.1) = 1.35
7 Integrtion º½ ÌÛÓ Ü ÑÔÐ Up to now we hve been concerned with extrcting informtion bout how function chnges from the function itself. Given knowledge bout n object s position, for exmple, we wnt to know
More informationContinuous Random Variables Class 5, Jeremy Orloff and Jonathan Bloom
Lerning Gols Continuous Rndom Vriles Clss 5, 8.05 Jeremy Orloff nd Jonthn Bloom. Know the definition of continuous rndom vrile. 2. Know the definition of the proility density function (pdf) nd cumultive
More informationInterpreting Integrals and the Fundamental Theorem
Interpreting Integrls nd the Fundmentl Theorem Tody, we go further in interpreting the mening of the definite integrl. Using Units to Aid Interprettion We lredy know tht if f(t) is the rte of chnge of
More informationChapter 8.2: The Integral
Chpter 8.: The Integrl You cn think of Clculus s doule-wide triler. In one width of it lives differentil clculus. In the other hlf lives wht is clled integrl clculus. We hve lredy eplored few rooms in
More informationf(x) dx, If one of these two conditions is not met, we call the integral improper. Our usual definition for the value for the definite integral
Improper Integrls Every time tht we hve evluted definite integrl such s f(x) dx, we hve mde two implicit ssumptions bout the integrl:. The intervl [, b] is finite, nd. f(x) is continuous on [, b]. If one
More informationA REVIEW OF CALCULUS CONCEPTS FOR JDEP 384H. Thomas Shores Department of Mathematics University of Nebraska Spring 2007
A REVIEW OF CALCULUS CONCEPTS FOR JDEP 384H Thoms Shores Deprtment of Mthemtics University of Nebrsk Spring 2007 Contents Rtes of Chnge nd Derivtives 1 Dierentils 4 Are nd Integrls 5 Multivrite Clculus
More informationChapter 6 Notes, Larson/Hostetler 3e
Contents 6. Antiderivtives nd the Rules of Integrtion.......................... 6. Are nd the Definite Integrl.................................. 6.. Are............................................ 6. Reimnn
More informationUNIFORM CONVERGENCE MA 403: REAL ANALYSIS, INSTRUCTOR: B. V. LIMAYE
UNIFORM CONVERGENCE MA 403: REAL ANALYSIS, INSTRUCTOR: B. V. LIMAYE 1. Pointwise Convergence of Sequence Let E be set nd Y be metric spce. Consider functions f n : E Y for n = 1, 2,.... We sy tht the sequence
More informationMain topics for the First Midterm
Min topics for the First Midterm The Midterm will cover Section 1.8, Chpters 2-3, Sections 4.1-4.8, nd Sections 5.1-5.3 (essentilly ll of the mteril covered in clss). Be sure to know the results of the
More information1 Techniques of Integration
November 8, 8 MAT86 Week Justin Ko Techniques of Integrtion. Integrtion By Substitution (Chnge of Vribles) We cn think of integrtion by substitution s the counterprt of the chin rule for differentition.
More informationACCESS TO SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND AGRICULTURE: MATHEMATICS 2 MATH00040 SEMESTER /2018
ACCESS TO SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND AGRICULTURE: MATHEMATICS MATH4 SEMESTER 7/8 DR. ANTHONY BROWN 4.. Introduction to Integrtion. 4. Integrl Clculus As ws the cse with the chpter on differentil clculus,
More information2.4 Linear Inequalities and Interval Notation
.4 Liner Inequlities nd Intervl Nottion We wnt to solve equtions tht hve n inequlity symol insted of n equl sign. There re four inequlity symols tht we will look t: Less thn , Less thn or
More informationHomework 4. (1) If f R[a, b], show that f 3 R[a, b]. If f + (x) = max{f(x), 0}, is f + R[a, b]? Justify your answer.
Homework 4 (1) If f R[, b], show tht f 3 R[, b]. If f + (x) = mx{f(x), 0}, is f + R[, b]? Justify your nswer. (2) Let f be continuous function on [, b] tht is strictly positive except finitely mny points
More informationIndefinite Integral. Chapter Integration - reverse of differentiation
Chpter Indefinite Integrl Most of the mthemticl opertions hve inverse opertions. The inverse opertion of differentition is clled integrtion. For exmple, describing process t the given moment knowing the
More informationThe Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. The Total Change Theorem and the Area Under a Curve.
Clculus Li Vs The Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus. The Totl Chnge Theorem nd the Are Under Curve. Recll the following fct from Clculus course. If continuous function f(x) represents the rte of chnge of F
More informationPolynomials and Division Theory
Higher Checklist (Unit ) Higher Checklist (Unit ) Polynomils nd Division Theory Skill Achieved? Know tht polynomil (expression) is of the form: n x + n x n + n x n + + n x + x + 0 where the i R re the
More informationIntermediate Math Circles Wednesday, November 14, 2018 Finite Automata II. Nickolas Rollick a b b. a b 4
Intermedite Mth Circles Wednesdy, Novemer 14, 2018 Finite Automt II Nickols Rollick nrollick@uwterloo.c Regulr Lnguges Lst time, we were introduced to the ide of DFA (deterministic finite utomton), one
More informationHow can we approximate the area of a region in the plane? What is an interpretation of the area under the graph of a velocity function?
Mth 125 Summry Here re some thoughts I ws hving while considering wht to put on the first midterm. The core of your studying should be the ssigned homework problems: mke sure you relly understnd those
More informationMATH , Calculus 2, Fall 2018
MATH 36-2, 36-3 Clculus 2, Fll 28 The FUNdmentl Theorem of Clculus Sections 5.4 nd 5.5 This worksheet focuses on the most importnt theorem in clculus. In fct, the Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus (FTC is rgubly
More informationGoals: Determine how to calculate the area described by a function. Define the definite integral. Explore the relationship between the definite
Unit #8 : The Integrl Gols: Determine how to clculte the re described by function. Define the definite integrl. Eplore the reltionship between the definite integrl nd re. Eplore wys to estimte the definite
More informationEuler, Ioachimescu and the trapezium rule. G.J.O. Jameson (Math. Gazette 96 (2012), )
Euler, Iochimescu nd the trpezium rule G.J.O. Jmeson (Mth. Gzette 96 (0), 36 4) The following results were estblished in recent Gzette rticle [, Theorems, 3, 4]. Given > 0 nd 0 < s
More information