2 w cv c bu mv cu Wh chv b h whch w ch, w huh cu c, b - x wh cc h c v, mucu c, B Ch v m b h whch whch b, k qu c ch m hh cm h k hv vc x vc u h wh cm cm

Transcription

1 E CONOMC REORMS N ND: E XERENCES ND EMERGNG DMENSONS B, D R SHSH KUMR M, Mh, hd R EDER D ERMEN O ECONOMCS B NGLORE UNVERSY B NGLORE K RNK SE ND E-m : hcm M b : R c h: NRODUCON Gbz vv h h h h c um W bcm cmc bc h h uc E bcm w c cm mc Gbz wh c c quc ju v c, h w w cm O u cmc c h w cu mc uc (GD) uc ju c 99, w j cu c u, mk c Ch w - w cm, cu, whch h b ch h, c bcm b cmc whu w uh- cm U S, Ch, J ( mu b GD uch w 2)

2 2 w cv c bu mv cu Wh chv b h whch w ch, w huh cu c, b - x wh cc h c v, mucu c, B Ch v m b h whch whch b, k qu c ch m hh cm h k hv vc x vc u h wh cm cm b cm bu c c 5 D G v w u uqu k m vc wh ucc mc c, uch chv w H - v h mk h uh h m, m cm? h m h vm h ch m v wh, wk k u vb vm, u, uc hc mmum Eh, u k u h hv u cm b vc ch b m chc uc m c m c - 99 c w wh hwv, qu, m m hv u vv bu u cu h uh h c vc ucc c ch u vc b c m c wh, x cu h u xm, ucu, hc cv m cu h m m cc Ch b, m c v cu h vm cv m b v w cm vc ch m b xm h cu u cm vc u, m mk vm u bu cuc vm b m h w 2 CONOMC REORMS O ND E : w v b c c Ecmc Nw h b mm h mm m jum ucu m Wh cu c (uch mbc mccmc uc m bc c m m, b c) ccu b wh, cc cmv, h h bck u m m cmc mm

3 3 b b uc w c cmc E - wh ch cc uz, ubu, m cm, mh v cv c h vm h c mk, c b c c, c v v c cmc Jwh wh cm bkhuh h vm c Nhu vv c cmc xb m mhz wh Mhb, Ch Hwv, v c c b c v ubc bh cmc h m wh 9 ch c cc c v h x c uc c c cumb, x b uk 99, bz cmc wh cm ch vu R Nmh V, m m h Mmh m c bc C h S - - w mu c, m umc w m ubc m, c cmc c m c vm c v m h w N : cm c cmc E v c v C c vm Dc u c D c u 4 B c 2 B Ecc c N 9 w cm c 99 N c xm c E c M N c C M N - c (NRS) R Ex u C - c m c C M u C Ow Wh Vu J vm Dc ub S b Bw Cmmc Ex cu c vm C Vu v O Ru B, w N h m h c cmc E m m cm w v cm u vm c c - c, w D w, 25 m Mch whch c, c cmc E

4 4 3 Y ND ND HE WORLD ECONOM cm b b h cm, c c 92 w c c b u b h Gwh 26 D, w hu m, k m bh v, xch m mk c uh bm, - cv, m, h cm, w bcm Ch c x h w -, 5 v h whch u ccu Ch, m cc hum h m huhu ( GD b h u u Ch h much ) w h, c w chc w u u -2 GD, Gb Ecm Sh Mj J W Ch uc: S Db, Ouk cmc W M, 2: C, Dvm OECD 2 h cm GD u hw h cmc, Wh 2 m 96 cu v c 35 u h, 4 c ch m h h c 5 cc v; x 6 cm mv u h mc cmc c bu v, w bw c w x, v w w w v w wh c k v, h Hwv v w bv w cmc b Ch chv w wh h mc

5 5 4 D G ND ERC NCOME E ROWH R G c bu b w h mj m 4 bu c umb w cmc w GD c 5 c, h u cm h 99, 9 ( 25 c c 5 u v u 2 h ) w ch cmc w b v mmum h m m c u wh b u cm u c m mk, b mk, qu k, b cuc b m c h jc uu cu m v vm ucv c v mc ch vc c uc, v, m, uch v Wh b c w cmc uc w huh mj m u, v b hv ucu u u c x w uh cc m mk cm h m c mk cmx c w - cm, w c, m, qu w c, b wh - mk c u h c, U wh cu cmb c w huh c, cu u m u 2 Cmv GD C, c D G C uc: S 2 M,

6 6 947, c, S m h w 24 ccu 95 b $2 US, w m w v GD m cu u w b c Ch h c cv; cmc v h hw u w wh c 2 m 95 cm 4 cm c 3 u u C cm )* u c, C c, c (GN uc: S EcW u, R D bm v cm m cm c b cu b cu whch cm h uu cmc v m hh 5 S NDUSRY ND SERVCE SECOR GRCULURE, cc bu cv w, w h m b bu w wu m wh ucu Ouu w hz h v u vm hck m uc ucc c c w v c cc bu

7 mj ch bhvu mc cm,, c mc cuu u hw, h cuu GD h qu h m 27 c c 26-7, vub cuu m c huh h k bw cuu cm w k u c, m m hck uc m c cm h b ub u cuu h m bckb cmc h w c uch uh, cc h c cuu uc um v cmc cv 6, cbu cuu GD w u 5-55 c Ov, h cuu GD h c c u 2 c h h u h mv m h h vc c GD h c c Hwv, mu b h cuu m m 6 c u B, c bm uch v, qu w u h b G vu hv b m c u v mm w chqu m bh x w ( u 4) u 4 cuu, u Svc Sc cuu u Svc S uc: RB Bu 7

8 6 S ND L XERN E E RD w v GD h much b h Ex cu hm h cbu hv c Sv c Hwv, (D) vm c c D c w x ' cbu m b h c mc u U uc D whch huh ch 97 - m v w 9 muu mc x wh c x m h u Ru mwk qu c um, c w c x v u c c m v u Ex x ' u x uc m mc hh x c v mc x mc c c hv vm c huh hhh 5 u w h v h D c bc 5 u Bc 2, 4, 6,,, 2, Ex m uc: S ME Bu C

9 6 O Ecm S c mj cmc m w m 99, cm h c c hu (Ex u m) GD c m 46 c c 23-4 h h x w m GD h hw m mvm c h u cb w b cc hv mv muu v ( b ) Suc: b O Ecm ( c) E x/gd m/gd Rv Bk, u R 27- h Nw Ecmc c 99 cu ucu jum mu cu vu u, c, uc ubc vm xu, uc ubc c z ub, c m vm c-v hh- ch cv, b ch cm u x Sw bu h b mch h mv m m 5 c ( 99) c (27) h h mch GD h c ub m 35 c 99, h v h 3 mh h uw k c h ccu v US$ 7 b 26 m US$ 5 b 993 h hu v wu h m m bu x b ( u 6) 9

10 6 u Rv c US $ b (LHS) v cv m ) (RHS Rv uc: S Bu B R xc h c ch ch w h mk h m xch m h w 99 cu ubqu 993 m xch m mk 9 cvb ccu ccu c b ub 94 xb wh v b hv c Mk c c b h h k m xch uk mc huh w um v vb u c 7 E NRSRUCUR ND NVESMEN w cm k cc ucu vm h c v wh h jc wh c m, Bcu cm vm cm c ucu mc, vb u mucu wh mk h c cc h, c m ucu m bw w C, cv c ch h u vb hh ucu h v c v ubc b cm, b c uc hc mk w u b h ucu vu vm c hw 7 u w hw u, vm

11 u 7 Ub ucu,,974 vm vu ucu, 2 w G, 4, Rw, 3, Hhw, 2,2 E, 2,2, 4, 5 S uc: Ecmc Suv u D vm % % 6% 4% 2% % Dc vm Suc: E cmc Suv,

12 2 Y OVERY ND NEQUL h v m, cmc wh cu h v huh wh cu cu qu Ov v m w 99, u w h v v w mc hhh bz, cmc v, bu, u w, v Ch, w u h ub cc m Wh h mj h w v ( 9 u ) m 9 u v R c u R Ub uc: S k B W h R 9 S UCCES S ju c h uw b h cm h v h c 94 w m GD 27, Mch c 6 u v c 92 w w v m 22 Y v h h c 76 GD w 7, um c h w b Wh um, w h ), bcu (m Y v h h h ucc m w h cm

13 3 9 wh R G c 5 h m um bv c 95 w bcku b hv c c 9 95 m c h v um c 3½ c 5 mc mv m c w u um m um, c 2 c u Wh 2 9 B um c 5 c cm c w 9 95 hv c m, c c 75 c cm c c 5 c h u um 9 2 m ch bu v c bw cum (c v u c h c v) c 4 2 c 2 9 c 5 u m - 5 v h u mh m h u m v 999 c m 26 c c 22 - c c, 2 Ev 5 m 3 b m c, v bw m whch mum h v w c uc hh c vm c c v c mc cmc wh um u, b h m v v m ch hw mvm, 9 3 c v c v v cc h b v Suh ch W c v - (324 v v E mj h c v bu c) (33 vm c) v h vm v 5 2 vm c m 5 u c, 264 w - ubc, m Ov 97 c 74 c c m m 7 vm 9 4 m mcc bu w wh w m R v w h m cmc u m umu C vm mcc c b u w c whch v vm mb c mh b w ch c h h Ch c cv vvm cv wh uu m vb u w h u h m mcc bu, muc h c cm w m c w mv h m h w mc

14 4 9 5 ucu m m kw b h ucu qu quc h u ch mj b c 7 h c c 95 5 cc h cm ucm w m ucu bu cc, hh m w h mx b h ubc h vm ucu m cc m b h v mhz ccub cmmuc ch b h Wh c uk b hv m c v, cv, w cc bm wh w, c m 9 6 cuu 996 uc h h c h - 97, v u w wh 2 u c - m 2 c ucv cuu bm 7 mm w cc mv ch hv qu v h h c, cuv,, c, vm u c cc vm hv whch cuu ub u ubc c hh m, mk c vm, ubc m bu ubz h cuu m cum c k hv c mh c - ( b x uch c jk wh) c ( b uu u) c 9 7 um C H u ch mj m h k c, h h h W c vc mucu wk u c 5 h v mhc J, US Bz, Ch, uch cm mj c wh uk, h u 235 u c cu jc h c mc h h w c bu u h c v bu c bu bz u m whch k wh qu b h c bu u h Hwv, ch h cc cu hh hh v mm ucv u qu w u uc q

15 5 9 D cmv bcm v hw u w h cc 22, B w cm bcm wu uc, w w cmc u ' D h C Cu -7 G uz w N W uc: S W vm D R Y ROBLEMS O NDN ECONOM x, m, wh O w D m mv whch v wk uc ck cu cm cu, c u hhw c chc h cu c 2 ccu h h vu c u h whch h, b m c h z c u u h, c cu h b h, ccu h v cc h - c b qu x x m k c c c, c m m wk uh hv cu wh Bu wk c, vc u m ju b cu cm, vc c k ck M w m - h ccu u k, - ch v u qu hh h b u c 4 m, u M w m - 99 u h m m, cbu m Ju wkc m v w u bcu cu h cm u c m b m m h wkc j wm m, bcm cm bm mj w

16 6 : c w, b u c bw cu bm c c 5 2 c 9 c cmc cc wh u c m 2 9 c k u um u wh c c, ucu uch c 2 uc : huh c hh m b h v hh u) c c (m k Eh 5 Ov wm m u w u m c c wm 3 : ucu u cc ck m bc ck M u ck vc ubc w buucc 4 Ov cc c h mk; ch b u cm c cc u c xm 4 m c B : huh mu u bu h mh c h c ccu cu v cuc Su c cm vh u h uck cum m m wk Excu m 5 ch c ccu cu mc c GD 5 : b v h H mu bm b u B c 3 b w h c Hwv k bu c bmc b cu c uch c RB m c u c um h v w ub c b uc cum m uu 6 qu c: h h cmc h h Hwv v bv h u w cmc M wh k b uv hh b h cmc m b b cv u h m 7 h M wh c 33 cc hv m 26 ( m) v wh um $ h v u w c v ch bw 7 Dc Bu L : h c bu Excu w v c mu b u huh GD vm c c w hh uc k vc ubc

17 SUGESONS OR BEER ERORMNCE h w m h cmv w cmc u h k cuu c x vc mm x - c mmc; M z x m huh b uz ch; U ch b c cuu cm x; u mchm k ubc c c ccub D c vu c; u uc m u c; R uc c cu x h m ; c vm m m ucu jc; u uc v m bu; mz c cmc z (SEZ), wh m vm c, h v u m mm mj ubc wk jc, k v ubc- v h wh b; D u w cc Lb m hu b cu wh c c u c m 2 C ONCLUSON Uub, w v u v cu u, ucu, ch c Hw w, hwv, w hw cmm bu m bu vm W h m c ucc ccu b vu bu u m uch m w u u hc: vb Eh- k wkc ( b cu c ) vm b ch ucu (whch w cm m mv h ) u x mk cm w qu much m cv mu Ch, xm, v c m c m b cmv bu vm Wh mcc vm m mk h quck c ch w h- m hh h ch, mu v b Ch mm mc, ch bu cm u cu ucc 7