HIGHER-ORDER THEORIES

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1 HIGHER-ORDER THEORIES THIRD-ORDER SHEAR DEFORMATION PLATE THEORY LAYERWISE LAMINATE THEORY J.N. Reddy 1

2 Third-Order Shear Deformation Plate Theory Assumed Displacement Field µ u(x y z t) u 0 (x y t) + zá x (x y t) c 1 z 3 Á x 0 µ v(x y z t) v 0 (x y t) + zá y (x y t) c 1 z 3 Á y 0 w(x y z t) w 0 (x y t) φ x Transverse Shear Strains ½ yz ½ (0) yz xz (0) yz xz xz ½ (0) yz (0) xz ½ Áy 0 Á x 0 ¹ Q 44 ¹Q 45 + z 2 ½ (2) yz ½ (2) yz (2) xz Transverse Shear Stresses ³ yz (0) + z 2 yz (2) ³ yz (0) + z 2 yz (2) (2) xz c 2 3c 1 ( ³ ) Á y 0 c 2 Áx 0 + ¹ Q 45 + ¹Q 44 ³ xz (0) + z 2 xz (2) ³ xz (0) + z 2 xz (2) (u,w) ( u 0, w 0 ) w 0 x xz (x y h 2 ) 0 yz(x y h 2 ) 0! c 2 4h 2 2

3 Third-Order Shear Deformation Plate Theory (TSDT) xy xy ¹ Q x ¹ Q 2 P xx + c 1 " 2 + c 1 I 0 Äu 0 + J 1 Ä Áx c 1 I Äw 0 I 0 Äv 0 + J 1Áy Äw 0 c 1 I 0 Nxx + 0 xy 0 + N 0 + P xy P yy 2 + q I0 Äw 0 c 2 1I 2 Äw 0 2 Äw 0 0 I 3 Á Ä x + J4 Á Ä y M ¹ M ¹ xy ¹ M xy ¹ M yy ¹ Q x J 1 Äu 0 + K 2 Ä Áx c 1 J Äw 0 ¹ Q y J 1 Äv 0 + K 2 Ä Áy c 1 J Äw 0 ¹M M c 1 P ¹ Q Q c 2 R I i Z h 2 h 2 ½ (z) i dz (i ) 3

4 Third-Order Shear Deformation Plate Theory (TSDT) (Continued) Higher-Order Stress Resultants 8 < : P xx P yy P xy 9 Z h 2 h 2 8 < : xx yy xy 9 z3 dz ½ Rx R y Z h2 h2 ½ yz xz z 2 dz Primary Variables : u n u s w Á n Á s Secondary Variables : N nn N ns ¹ Vn P nn ¹ Mnn ¹ Mns ¹V n c 1 xy n x + c 1 " µ I 3 Äu 0 + J 4 Ä Áx c 1 I Äw 0 n x " yy n y µ + I 3 Äv 0 + J 4 Ä Áy c 1 I Äw 0 n y # P(w 0 ) + ¹Q x n x + ¹Q y n y + P(w0 ) + c ns µ N 0 + N 0 n x + N xy + 0 yy n y 4

5 Bending of a symmetric cross-ply (0/90/90/0) laminate under uniformly distributed load Deflection, w _ D Elasticity Solution CLPT FSDT TSDT E psi (7 Gpa) E 1 25E 2, G 12 G E 2 G E 2, ν at x0 and xa v 0 w 0 0 _ φ y N xx M xx 0 y a SS 1 at y0 and yb u 0 w 0 0 _ φ x N yy M yy 0 b x a/h SS-1 Figure Boundary Conditions J.N. Reddy 5

6 Bending of a symmetric cross-ply (0/90/90/0) laminate under uniformly distributed load 0.50 c ess coo d ate, / CLPT (E) FSDT (E) FSDT (C) TSDT (E) TSDT (C) (E): equilibrium-derived (C): constitutively-derived Stress, σ _ xz (0,b/2,z) J.N. Reddy 6

7 Bending of a symmetric cross-ply (0/90/90/0) laminate under uniformly distributed load 0.50 c ess coo d ate, / CLPT (E) FSDT (E) FSDT (C) TSDT (E) TSDT (C) (E): equilibrium-derived (C): constitutively-derived Stress, σ _ yz (a/2,0,z) J.N. Reddy Third-order Laminate Theory 7

8 LAYERWISE THEORY z y Equilibrium of Interlaminar Stresses x z kth layer th layer σ zx k+1 x σ zx σ zy σ zz σ zx σ zy σ zz σ zy σ zz σ zz σ zy σ zx k J.N. Reddy Layerwise Theory 8

9 Layerwise Laminate Theory Equilibrium Requirements < xx : yy xy < xx 6 : yy xy < xz : yz zz < xz : yz zz < xz : yz zz < xz : yz zz! < xz : yz " zz 6 < xz : yz " zz Single-Layer Theories < xx : yy xy 6 < xx : yy xy < xz : yz zz 6 < xz : yz zz 8 < " xx " yy : xy 9 8 < " xx " yy : xy 9 < xz yz : " zz < xz yz : " zz J.N. Reddy Layerwise Theory 9

10 Layerwise Kinematic Model NX u(x y z t) U I (x y t) I (z) I1 NX v(x y z t) V I (x y t) I (z) I1 MX w(x y z t) W I (x y t)ª I (z) I1 z Ith layer x z N I+1 I I 1 4 U N U I+1 U I U I 1 U 4 I+1 U I+1 U 3 U I 2 1 U I U 1 1 u I 1 U I 1 U I Φ I (z) J.N. Reddy Layerwise Theory 10

11 Layerwise Displacement Field, Governing Equations, and FEM Approximation NX u(x y z t) U I (x y t) I (z) I1 NX v(x y z t) V I (x y t) I (z) I1 MX w(x y z t) W I (x y t)ª I (z) I I xy I xy QI x N X I yy QI y J1 NX J1 I U 2 I V ~ Q I x ~ Q I y ~ Q I z + ~ N I + q b ± I1 + q t ± IM MX J1 ~I W 2 Finite element approximation p8 I3 I2 I1 U I (x y t) V I (x y t) W I (x y t) px U j I (t)ã j(x y) j1 px j1 V j I (t)ã j(x y) qx W j I (t)' j(x y) J.N. Reddy Layerwise Theory 11 j1

12 Layerwise Kinematic Model Conventional 3D Layerwise 2D + 1D Cubic serendipity element Linear Lagrange element (1a) (in-plane) (1b) (through thickness) Quadratic serendipity element Quadratic Lagrange element (2a) (in-plane) (through thickness) J.N. Reddy Layerwise Theory (2b) 12

13 Table: Comparison of the number of operations needed to form the element sti ness matrices for equivalent elements in the conventional 3-D format and the layerwise 2-D format. Full quadrature is used in all. Element Type y Multipli. Addition Assignments 1a (3-D) 1,116, , ,000 1b (LWPT) 423, , ,000 2a (3-D) 1,182, , ,000 2b (LWPT) 284, ,000 69,000 y Element 1a: 72 degrees of freedom, 24-node 3-D isoparametric hexahedron with cubic in-plane interpolation and linear transverse interpolation. Element 1b: 72 degrees of freedom, E12{L1 layerwise element. Element 2a: 81 degrees of freedom, 27-node 3-D isoparametric hexahedron with quadratic interpolation in all three directions. Element 2b: 81 degrees of freedom, E9{Q1 layerwise element. J.N. Reddy Layerwise Theory 13

14 Layerwise Kinematic Model 3D modeling with 2D & 1D elements z z y y a 2 h x a 2 a 2 a 2 x 2-D quadratic Lagrangian element three quadratic layers through the thickness E psi E 2 E psi G 12 0: psi G 13 G 23 0: psi º 12 º 13 º 23 0:25 J.N. Reddy u(x a2 z) u(a2 y z) 0 v(a2 y z) u(x a2 z) 0 w(x a z) u(a y z) 0

15 Validation of the Layerwise Theory J.N. Reddy Layerwise Theory 15

16 Verification of the Layerwise Theory J.N. Reddy Layerwise Theory 16

17 SUMMARY In this lecture, we have discussed the following topics: Third-order Shear Deformation Plate Theory Development of governing equations Numerical results Layerwise Laminate Theory Development of governing equations Numerical results J.N. Reddy Layerwise Theory 17

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