We may have a general idea that a solid is hard and a fluid is soft. This is not satisfactory from
|
|
- Brooke McDaniel
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 1. Introduction 1.1 Some Characteristics of Fluids We may have a general idea that a solid is hard and a fluid is soft. This is not satisfactory from scientific or engineering point of view. In reality, the solid has closely-spaced molecules with large inter-molecular cohesive forces that allow the solid to maintain its shape. However, for a liquid, the molecules are spaced further apart. (Q) What is the difference between liquids and fluids? A fluid is defined as a substance that deforms continuously when acted on by a shear stress of any magnitude. (Q) What is the shear stress and what is the normal stress? Rheology concerns the level of deformation of fluids when the shear stress is applied. Some materials such as slurries, tar, putty, toothpaste, and etc are like fluids, but behave as a solid if the applied shear stress is small. When we say that the velocity at a certain point in a fluid is so much, we are indicating that the average velocity of the molecules in a small volume surrounding the point. The number of molecules in a cubic mm is on the order of for liquids. 1.2 Dimensions, Dimensional Homogeneity, and Units The qualitative description is conveniently given in terms of certain primary quantities such as length (L), time (T), mass (M), and temperature (θ ). The primary quantities are referred to as basic dimensions. These can be used to provide qualitative description of secondary quantities such as 1
2 area (L 2 ), velocity (L/T), and density (M/L 3 ). All theoretically derived equations are dimensionally homogeneous. That is, the dimensions at both sides coincide with each other. For example, V = V0 + at where all terms have a dimension of LT SI Unit The unit of work in SI unit is joule (J), which is given by 1 J = 1 N m and the unit of power is the watt (W) defined as a joule per second, i.e., 1 W = 1 J/s = 1 N m/s 1.3 Analysis of Fluid Behavior Like other mechanics, fluid mechanics uses such laws as Newton s law, conservation of mass, and first and second laws of thermodynamics. There are strong similarities between fluid mechanics and solid mechanics for rigid-body and deformable-body. Fluid statics is for fluid at rest, and fluid dynamics is for moving fluid. 1.4 Measure of Fluid Mass and Weight Density The density ρ is the mass per unit volume. 2
3 1.4.2 Specific Weight The specific weight γ is fluid s weight per unit volume. That is, γ = ρg (1.5) Specific Gravity The specific gravity (SG) is the ratio of density of the fluid to the density of water, i.e., SG = ρ (1.6) ρ w where ρ w is the water density at 4 C (= 1,000 kg/m 3 ). The specific gravity of mercury is This means ρ Hg = 13.6 kg/m Ideal Gas Law The ideal gas law is given by p ρ = (1.7) RT where p is the absolute pressure, T the absolute temperature, and R is a gas constant. 1.6 Viscosity Consider a hypothetical experiment in which a fluid is placed between two plates. The bottom plate is fixed, and the upper plate is free to move. The experimental observation reveals that the fluid sticks to the bottom, which is referred to as no-slip condition. When the force P is applied to the upper plate, it will move continuously at a speed of U. The velocity distribution between two plates is given by u = u( y) = Uy / b. This indicates that the 3
4 velocity gradient is du / dy = U / b. Figure 1.3 Figure1.4 Behavior of a fluid between two plates In a small time δ t, the vertical line AB rotates through δβ, which is given by δa Uδt tanδβ δβ = = b b because δa= Uδt. Since δβ is a function of not only the force P but also time. So we define the rate of shearing strain, the rate at which δβ is changing, such as δβ γ = lim δ t which is equal to U du γ = = b dy Experiments reveal that the shear stress τ ( = P/ A) shearing strain, i.e., ) is directly proportional to the rate of 4
5 τ γ or du τ dy which can be given in the form of du τ = µ dy (1.8) where the constant of proportionality ( µ ) is the viscosity (= dynamic viscosity, absolute viscosity). Fluids for which the shear stress is not linearly related to the rate of shearing strain are designated as non-newtonian fluids. They are grouped into three types: For shear thinning fluids, the viscosity decreases with increasing shear rate. Examples are colloidal suspensions and polymer solutions. For shear thickening fluids, the viscosity increases with increasing shear rate. Examples are water-corn starch mixture and water-sand mixture (quick sand). The difficulty of removing an object from quicksand increases dramatically as the speed of removal increases. The third type is that of a Bingham plastic. This is neither a fluid nor a solid. The material can withstand the yield stress without deformation, but once the yield stress is exceeded it flows like a fluid. Examples include toothpaste and mayonnaise. 5
6 1.7 Compressibility of Fluids A property that is commonly used to characterize compressibility is the bulk modulus defined by E v = dp dv / V (1.11) where dp is the differential change in pressure needed to create a differential change in volume dv. 1.9 Surface Tension At the interface between a liquid and a gas, or two immiscible liquids, forces develop in the liquid surface that cause the surface behave as if it were a skin or membrane stretched over the fluid mass. Various types of surface phenomena are due to the unbalanced cohesive forces acting on the liquid molecules at the fluid surface. Molecules in the interior of the fluid mass are surrounded by fluid molecules that are attracted to each other equally. However, molecules along the surface are subjected to a net force toward the interior. The consequence of this unbalanced force along the surface is to create the hypothetical skin or membrane. The pressure inside a drop can be calculated by the free-body diagram below. If the surface tension is σ [F/L] around the edge, then we have 2πRσ = pπr 2 or 6
7 2σ p = R Figure 1.8 Forces acting on one-half of a liquid drop The rise of a liquid in a cube (capillary rise) is governed by the surface tension. That is, 2 γπ Rh= 2π Rσ cosθ where θ is the angle of contact. Therefore, the height is given by 2σ cosθ h = γ R Figure 1.9 Effect of capillary action in small tubes 7
Part II Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics By Munson, Young, and Okiishi
Part II Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics By Munson, Young, and Okiishi WHAT we will learn I. Characterization of Fluids - What is the fluid? (Physical properties of Fluid) II. Behavior of fluids - Fluid
More informationCHAPTER 1 Fluids and their Properties
FLUID MECHANICS Gaza CHAPTER 1 Fluids and their Properties Dr. Khalil Mahmoud ALASTAL Objectives of this Chapter: Define the nature of a fluid. Show where fluid mechanics concepts are common with those
More informationLecture 3. Properties of Fluids 11/01/2017. There are thermodynamic properties of fluids like:
11/01/2017 Lecture 3 Properties of Fluids There are thermodynamic properties of fluids like: Pressure, p (N/m 2 ) or [ML -1 T -2 ], Density, ρ (kg/m 3 ) or [ML -3 ], Specific weight, γ = ρg (N/m 3 ) or
More informationAMME2261: Fluid Mechanics 1 Course Notes
Module 1 Introduction and Fluid Properties Introduction Matter can be one of two states: solid or fluid. A fluid is a substance that deforms continuously under the application of a shear stress, no matter
More informationFluid Mechanics Introduction
Fluid Mechanics Introduction Fluid mechanics study the fluid under all conditions of rest and motion. Its approach is analytical, mathematical, and empirical (experimental and observation). Fluid can be
More informationCHARACTERISTIC OF FLUIDS. A fluid is defined as a substance that deforms continuously when acted on by a shearing stress at any magnitude.
CHARACTERISTIC OF FLUIDS A fluid is defined as a substance that deforms continuously when acted on by a shearing stress at any magnitude. In a fluid at rest, normal stress is called pressure. 1 Dimensions,
More informationP = 1 3 (σ xx + σ yy + σ zz ) = F A. It is created by the bombardment of the surface by molecules of fluid.
CEE 3310 Thermodynamic Properties, Aug. 27, 2010 11 1.4 Review A fluid is a substance that can not support a shear stress. Liquids differ from gasses in that liquids that do not completely fill a container
More informationClass Notes Fall 2014
57:020 Fluid Mechanics Class Notes Fall 2014 Prepared by: Professor Fred Stern Typed by: Stephanie Schrader (Fall 1999) Corrected by: Jun Shao (Fall 2003, Fall 2005) Corrected by: Jun Shao, Tao Xing (Fall
More informationIntroduction to Marine Hydrodynamics
1896 1920 1987 2006 Introduction to Marine Hydrodynamics (NA235) Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering School of Naval Architecture, Ocean & Civil Engineering First Assignment The first
More informationChapter 1 Fluid Characteristics
Chapter 1 Fluid Characteristics 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 Phases Solid increasing increasing spacing and intermolecular liquid latitude of cohesive Fluid gas (vapor) molecular force plasma motion 1.1.2 Fluidity
More informationCE MECHANICS OF FLUIDS UNIT I
CE 6303- MECHANICS OF FLUIDS UNIT I 1. Define specific volume of a fluid and write its unit [N/D-14][M/J-11] Volume per unit mass of a fluid is called specific volume. Unit: m3 / kg. 2. Name the devices
More information1. Introduction, fluid properties (1.1, 2.8, 4.1, and handouts)
1. Introduction, fluid properties (1.1, 2.8, 4.1, and handouts) Introduction, general information Course overview Fluids as a continuum Density Compressibility Viscosity Exercises: A1 Fluid mechanics Fluid
More informationPlease remember all the unit that you use in your calculation. There are no marks for correct answer without unit.
CHAPTER 1 : PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS What is fluid? A fluid is defined as a substance that deforms continuously when acted on by a shearing stress at any magnitude. In a fluid at rest, normal stress is called
More informationCHARACTERISTIC OF FLUIDS. A fluid is defined as a substance that deforms continuously when acted on by a shearing stress at any magnitude.
CHARACTERISTIC OF FLUIDS A fluid is defined as a substance that deforms continuously when acted on by a shearing stress at any magnitude. In a fluid at rest, normal stress is called pressure. 1 Dimensions,
More informationUniversity of Hail Faculty of Engineering DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING. ME Fluid Mechanics Lecture notes. Chapter 1
University of Hail Faculty of Engineering DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME 311 - Fluid Mechanics Lecture notes Chapter 1 Introduction and fluid properties Prepared by : Dr. N. Ait Messaoudene Based
More informationINTRODUCTION DEFINITION OF FLUID. U p F FLUID IS A SUBSTANCE THAT CAN NOT SUPPORT SHEAR FORCES OF ANY MAGNITUDE WITHOUT CONTINUOUS DEFORMATION
INTRODUCTION DEFINITION OF FLUID plate solid F at t = 0 t > 0 = F/A plate U p F fluid t 0 t 1 t 2 t 3 FLUID IS A SUBSTANCE THAT CAN NOT SUPPORT SHEAR FORCES OF ANY MAGNITUDE WITHOUT CONTINUOUS DEFORMATION
More informationCHAPTER (2) FLUID PROPERTIES SUMMARY DR. MUNZER EBAID MECH.ENG.DEPT.
CHAPTER () SUMMARY DR. MUNZER EBAID MECH.ENG.DEPT. 08/1/010 DR.MUNZER EBAID 1 System Is defined as a given quantity of matter. Extensive Property Can be identified when it is Dependent on the total mass
More informationFluid Properties and Units
Fluid Properties and Units CVEN 311 Continuum Continuum All materials, solid or fluid, are composed of molecules discretely spread and in continuous motion. However, in dealing with fluid-flow flow relations
More informationBFC FLUID MECHANICS BFC NOOR ALIZA AHMAD
BFC 10403 FLUID MECHANICS CHAPTER 1.0: Principles of Fluid 1.1 Introduction to Fluid Mechanics 1.2 Thermodynamic Properties of a Fluid: Density, specific weight, specific gravity, viscocity (kelikatan)berat
More informationChapter 3 Non-Newtonian fluid
Chapter 3 Non-Newtonian fluid 3-1. Introduction: The study of the deformation of flowing fluids is called rheology; the rheological behavior of various fluids is sketchen Figure 3-1. Newtonian fluids,
More informationFluid Mechanics-61341
An-Najah National University College of Engineering Fluid Mechanics-61341 Chapter [1] Fundamentals 1 The Book (Elementary Fluid Mechanics by Street, Watters and Vennard) Each chapter includes: Concepts
More informationLecture 7: Rheology and milli microfluidic
1 and milli microfluidic Introduction In this chapter, we come back to the notion of viscosity, introduced in its simplest form in the chapter 2. We saw that the deformation of a Newtonian fluid under
More information1.3 Analysis of Fluid Behavior
1.3 Analysis of Fluid Behavior Fluid Statics : When the fluid is at rest. Fluid Dynamics : When the fluid is moving. Governing equations : Conservation of Conservation of Conservation of mass momentum
More informationDIMENSIONS AND UNITS
DIMENSIONS AND UNITS A dimension is the measure by which a physical variable is expressed quantitatively. A unit is a particular way of attaching a number to the quantitative dimension. Primary Dimension
More information1 FLUIDS AND THEIR PROPERTIES
FLUID MECHANICS CONTENTS CHAPTER DESCRIPTION PAGE NO 1 FLUIDS AND THEIR PROPERTIES PART A NOTES 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Fluids 1.3 Newton s Law of Viscosity 1.4 The Continuum Concept of a Fluid 1.5 Types
More informationME3250 Fluid Dynamics I
ME3250 Fluid Dynamics I Section I, Fall 2012 Instructor: Prof. Zhuyin Ren Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Connecticut Course Information Website: http://www.engr.uconn.edu/~rzr11001/me3250_f12/
More informationPetroleum Engineering Department Fluid Mechanics Second Stage Assist Prof. Dr. Ahmed K. Alshara
Continents Petroleum Engineering Department Fluid Mechanics Second Stage Assist Prof. Dr. Ahmed K. Alshara Chapter 1. Fluid Mechanics -Properties of fluids -Density, specific gravity, specific volume and
More informationChapter 1 Fluid Proper2es. CE Fluid Mechanics Diogo Bolster
Chapter 1 Fluid Proper2es CE30460 - Fluid Mechanics Diogo Bolster What is a Fluid? A substance that deforms con2nuously when acted on by a shearing stress A solid will deform to a certain point for a given
More informationReview of Fluid Mechanics
Chapter 3 Review of Fluid Mechanics 3.1 Units and Basic Definitions Newton s Second law forms the basis of all units of measurement. For a particle of mass m subjected to a resultant force F the law may
More informationLiquids and solids are essentially incompressible substances and the variation of their density with pressure is usually negligible.
Properties of Fluids Intensive properties are those that are independent of the mass of a system i.e. temperature, pressure and density. Extensive properties are those whose values depend on the size of
More informationWelcome to MECH 280. Ian A. Frigaard. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia. Mech 280: Frigaard
Welcome to MECH 280 Ian A. Frigaard Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia Lectures 1 & 2: Learning goals/concepts: What is a fluid Apply continuum hypothesis Stress and viscosity
More informationPharmaceutics I. Unit 6 Rheology of suspensions
Pharmaceutics I اينالديصيدلينيات 1 Unit 6 Rheology of suspensions 1 Rheology, the science of the flow or deformation of matter (liquid or soft solid) under the effect of an applied force. It addresses
More informationLecturer, Department t of Mechanical Engineering, SVMIT, Bharuch
Fluid Mechanics By Ashish J. Modi Lecturer, Department t of Mechanical Engineering, i SVMIT, Bharuch Review of fundamentals Properties of Fluids Introduction Any characteristic of a system is called a
More informationPetroleum Engineering Dept. Fluid Mechanics Second Stage Dr. Ahmed K. Alshara
Continents Chapter 1. Fluid Mechanics -Properties of fluids -Density, specific gravity, specific volume and Viscosity -Newtonian and non Newtonian fluids -Surface tension Compressibility -Pressure -Cavitations
More informationME 262 BASIC FLUID MECHANICS Assistant Professor Neslihan Semerci Lecture 4. (Buoyancy and Viscosity of water)
ME 262 BASIC FLUID MECHANICS Assistant Professor Neslihan Semerci Lecture 4 (Buoyancy and Viscosity of water) 16. BUOYANCY Whenever an object is floating in a fluid or when it is completely submerged in
More informationMECHANICAL PROPERTIES
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Rheology S.C. BAYNE, 1 J.Y. Thompson 2 1 University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078 sbayne@umich.edu 2 Nova Southeastern College of Dental Medicine, Ft.
More informationBME 419/519 Hernandez 2002
Vascular Biology 2 - Hemodynamics A. Flow relationships : some basic definitions Q v = A v = velocity, Q = flow rate A = cross sectional area Ohm s Law for fluids: Flow is driven by a pressure gradient
More information1. The Properties of Fluids
1. The Properties of Fluids [This material relates predominantly to modules ELP034, ELP035] 1.1 Fluids 1.1 Fluids 1.2 Newton s Law of Viscosity 1.3 Fluids Vs Solids 1.4 Liquids Vs Gases 1.5 Causes of viscosity
More informationCOURSE NUMBER: ME 321 Fluid Mechanics I. Fluid: Concept and Properties
COURSE NUMBER: ME 321 Fluid Mechanics I Fluid: Concept and Properties Course teacher Dr. M. Mahbubur Razzaque Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering BUET 1 What is Fluid Mechanics? Fluid mechanics
More informationHomework of chapter (1) (Solution)
بسم اهلل الرمحن الرحيم The Islamic University of Gaza, Civil Engineering Department, Fluid mechanics-discussion, Instructor: Dr. Khalil M. Al Astal T.A: Eng. Mohammed H El Nazli Eng. Sarah R Rostom First
More informationMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS:
Important Definitions: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS: Fluid: A substance that can flow is called Fluid Both liquids and gases are fluids Pressure: The normal force acting per unit area of a surface is
More informationFluid Mechanics Discussion. Prepared By: Dr.Khalil M. Al-Astal Eng.Ahmed S. Al-Agha Eng.Ruba M. Awad
Discussion Prepared By: Dr.Khalil M. Al-Astal Eng.Ahmed S. Al-Agha Eng.Ruba M. Awad 2014-2015 Chapter (1) Fluids and their Properties Fluids and their Properties Fluids (Liquids or gases) which a substance
More informationDynamic (absolute) Viscosity
Viscosity Taken from: http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/dynamic-absolute-kinematic-viscosity-d_412.html The viscosity of a fluid is an important property in the analysis of liquid behavior and fluid motion
More informationHYDRAULICS STAFF SELECTION COMMISSION CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDY MATERIAL HYDRAULICS
1 STAFF SELECTION COMMISSION CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDY MATERIAL Syllabus Hydraulics ( Fluid Mechanics ) Fluid properties, hydrostatics, measurements of flow, Bernoulli's theorem and its application, flow
More informationContents. Preface XIII. 1 General Introduction 1 References 6
VII Contents Preface XIII 1 General Introduction 1 References 6 2 Interparticle Interactions and Their Combination 7 2.1 Hard-Sphere Interaction 7 2.2 Soft or Electrostatic Interaction 7 2.3 Steric Interaction
More informationViscous Flow and Convective Heat Transfer (EGFD 7041) Fall 2018
Viscous Flow and Convective Heat Transfer (EGFD 7041) Fall 2018 Introduction & Review Dr. Peter J. Disimile UC-FEST Department of Aerospace Engineering Peter.disimile@uc.edu 1 2 1 1.Basic Modes of Heat
More information2/28/2006 Statics ( F.Robilliard) 1
2/28/2006 Statics (.Robilliard) 1 Extended Bodies: In our discussion so far, we have considered essentially only point masses, under the action of forces. We now broaden our considerations to extended
More informationPolymerization Technology Laboratory Course
Polymerization Technology Laboratory Course Viscometry/Rheometry Tasks 1. Comparison of the flow behavior of polystyrene- solution and dispersion systems 2. Determination of the flow behaviour of polyvinylalcohol
More informationA drop forms when liquid is forced out of a small tube. The shape of the drop is determined by a balance of pressure, gravity, and surface tension
A drop forms when liquid is forced out of a small tube. The shape of the drop is determined by a balance of pressure, gravity, and surface tension forces. 2 Objectives 3 i i 2 1 INTRODUCTION Property:
More informationFluid Engineering Mechanics
Fluid Engineering Mechanics Chapter Fluid Properties: Density, specific volume, specific weight, specific gravity, compressibility, viscosity, measurement of viscosity, Newton's equation of viscosity,
More informationThis chapter is a study of the shear stress as a function of the shear rate for Newtonian and non-newtonian biological materials.
Lecture 10 and Flow (Ch. 6) This chapter is a study of the shear stress as a function of the shear rate for Newtonian and non-newtonian biological materials. 1 Lecture 10 and Flow (Ch. 6) When a fluid
More informationSteven Burian Civil & Environmental Engineering September 25, 2013
Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam Mechanics Steven Burian Civil & Environmental Engineering September 25, 2013 s and FE Morning ( Mechanics) A. Flow measurement 7% of FE Morning B. properties Session
More informationFluid flow Pressure Bernoulli Principle Surface Tension
Lecture 9. Fluid flow Pressure Bernoulli Principle Surface Tension A v L A is the area Fluid flow Speed of a fluid in a pipe is not the same as the flow rate Relating: Fluid flow rate to Average speed
More informationFluid Mechanics 3502 Day 1, Spring 2018
Instructor Fluid Mechanics 3502 Day 1, Spring 2018 Dr. Michele Guala, Civil Eng. Department UMN Office hours: (Tue -?) CEGE 162 9:30-10:30? Tue Thu CEGE phone (612) 626-7843 (Mon,Wed,Fr) SAFL, 2 third
More informationIntroduction and Fundamental Concepts (Lectures 1-7)
Introduction and Fundamental Concepts (Lectures -7) Q. Choose the crect answer (i) A fluid is a substance that (a) has the same shear stress at a point regardless of its motion (b) is practicall incompressible
More informationPharmaceutics I صيدالنيات 1. Unit 6
Pharmaceutics I صيدالنيات 1 Unit 6 1 Rheology of suspensions Rheology, the study of flow, addresses the viscosity characteristics of powders, fluids, and semisolids. Materials are divided into two general
More informationNon-Newtonian fluids is the fluids in which shear stress is not directly proportional to deformation rate, such as toothpaste,
CHAPTER1: Basic Definitions, Zeroth, First, and Second Laws of Thermodynamics 1.1. Definitions What does thermodynamic mean? It is a Greeks word which means a motion of the heat. Water is a liquid substance
More informationColloidal Suspension Rheology Chapter 1 Study Questions
Colloidal Suspension Rheology Chapter 1 Study Questions 1. What forces act on a single colloidal particle suspended in a flowing fluid? Discuss the dependence of these forces on particle radius. 2. What
More informationAPPENDIX A USEFUL EQUATIONS (METRIC AND IMPERIAL SYSTEMS) THE DEFINITION OF VISCOSITY RHEOLOGICAL (VISCOUS BEHAVIOR) PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS
APPENDIX A USEFUL EQUATIONS (METRIC AND IMPERIAL SYSTEMS) THE DEFINITION OF VISCOSITY RHEOLOGICAL (VISCOUS BEHAVIOR) PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS A APPENDIX A APPENDIX A Flow vs. velocity Specific gravity vs.
More informationFluid Mechanics II Viscosity and shear stresses
Fluid Mechanics II Viscosity and shear stresses Shear stresses in a Newtonian fluid A fluid at rest can not resist shearing forces. Under the action of such forces it deforms continuously, however small
More informationFluid Mechanics Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur Prof. Viswanathan Shankar Department of chemical Engineering. Lecture No.
Fluid Mechanics Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur Prof. Viswanathan Shankar Department of chemical Engineering. Lecture No. # 05 Welcome to this fifth lecture on this nptel course on fluid mechanics
More informationChapter 12. Static Equilibrium and Elasticity
Chapter 12 Static Equilibrium and Elasticity Static Equilibrium Equilibrium implies that the object moves with both constant velocity and constant angular velocity relative to an observer in an inertial
More informationMechanical properties of polymers: an overview. Suryasarathi Bose Dept. of Materials Engineering, IISc, Bangalore
Mechanical properties of polymers: an overview Suryasarathi Bose Dept. of Materials Engineering, IISc, Bangalore UGC-NRCM Summer School on Mechanical Property Characterization- June 2012 Overview of polymer
More informationENGR 292 Fluids and Thermodynamics
ENGR 292 Fluids and Thermodynamics Scott Li, Ph.D., P.Eng. Mechanical Engineering Technology Camosun College Jan.13, 2017 Review of Last Class Course Outline Class Information Contact Information, Website
More informationChapter 9: Solids and Fluids
Chapter 9: Solids and Fluids State of matters: Solid, Liquid, Gas and Plasma. Solids Has definite volume and shape Can be crystalline or amorphous Molecules are held in specific locations by electrical
More informationFluid flow Pressure Bernoulli Principle Surface Tension
Lecture 9. Fluid flow Pressure Bernoulli Principle Surface Tension Fluid flow Speed of a fluid in a pipe is not the same as the flow rate Depends on the radius of the pipe. example: Low speed Large flow
More informationMadrid, 8-9 julio 2013
VI CURSO DE INTRODUCCION A LA REOLOGÍA Madrid, 8-9 julio 2013 NON-LINEAR VISCOELASTICITY Prof. Dr. Críspulo Gallegos Dpto. Ingeniería Química. Universidad de Huelva & Institute of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics
More informationRheological Properties
Rheological Properties Shear Stress the force experienced by the liquid is proportional to the area of the upper plate and is defined as the shear stress, σ = F/A (Units = Nm -2 or Pascals [Pa]) Shear
More informationUniversity of Washington Department of Chemistry Chemistry 453 Winter Quarter 2013
Lecture 1 3/13/13 University of Washington Department of Chemistry Chemistry 53 Winter Quarter 013 A. Definition of Viscosity Viscosity refers to the resistance of fluids to flow. Consider a flowing liquid
More informationNavier-Stokes Equation: Principle of Conservation of Momentum
Navier-tokes Equation: Principle of Conservation of Momentum R. hankar ubramanian Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Clarkson University Newton formulated the principle of conservation
More information) = slugs/ft 3. ) = lb ft/s. ) = ft/s
1. Make use of Tables 1. in the text book (See the last page in this assignent) to express the following quantities in SI units: (a) 10. in./in, (b) 4.81 slugs, (c).0 lb, (d) 7.1 ft/s, (e) 0.04 lb s/ft.
More informationPharmaceutical compounding I Colloidal and Surface-Chemical Aspects of Dosage Forms Dr. rer. nat. Rebaz H. Ali
University of Sulaimani School of Pharmacy Dept. of Pharmaceutics Pharmaceutical Compounding Pharmaceutical compounding I Colloidal and Surface-Chemical Aspects of Dosage Forms Dr. rer. nat. Rebaz H. Ali
More informationMM303 FLUID MECHANICS I PROBLEM SET 1 (CHAPTER 2) FALL v=by 2 =-6 (1/2) 2 = -3/2 m/s
MM303 FLUID MECHANICS I PROBLEM SET 1 (CHAPTER ) FALL 018 1) For the velocity fields given below, determine: i) Whether the flow field is one-, two-, or three-dimensional, and why. ii) Whether the flow
More informationFluid Mechanics Abdusselam Altunkaynak
Fluid Mechanics Abdusselam Altunkaynak 1. Unit systems 1.1 Introduction Natural events are independent on units. The unit to be used in a certain variable is related to the advantage that we get from it.
More informationShell Balances in Fluid Mechanics
Shell Balances in Fluid Mechanics R. Shankar Subramanian Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Clarkson University When fluid flow occurs in a single direction everywhere in a system, shell
More informations and FE X. A. Flow measurement B. properties C. statics D. impulse, and momentum equations E. Pipe and other internal flow 7% of FE Morning Session I
Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam General Section Steven Burian Civil & Environmental Engineering October 26, 2010 s and FE X. A. Flow measurement B. properties C. statics D. impulse, and momentum
More informationCustom Search Sponsored Links
Dynamic, Absolute and Kinematic Viscosity An introduction to dynamic, absolute and kinematic viscosity and how to convert between CentiStokes (cst), CentiPoises (cp), Saybolt Universal Seconds (SSU), degree
More informationFluid Mechanics Testbank By David Admiraal
Fluid Mechanics Testbank By David Admiraal This testbank was created for an introductory fluid mechanics class. The primary intentions of the testbank are to help students improve their performance on
More informationChapter 6 Molten State
Chapter 6 Molten State Rheology ( 流變學 ) study of flow and deformation of (liquid) fluids constitutive (stress-strain) relation of fluids shear flow shear rate ~ dγ/dt ~ velocity gradient dv 1 = dx 1 /dt
More information(Refer Slide Time: 2:14)
Fluid Dynamics And Turbo Machines. Professor Dr Shamit Bakshi. Department Of Mechanical Engineering. Indian Institute Of Technology Madras. Part A. Module-1. Lecture-3. Introduction To Fluid Flow. (Refer
More informationEquilibrium. the linear momentum,, of the center of mass is constant
Equilibrium is the state of an object where: Equilibrium the linear momentum,, of the center of mass is constant Feb. 19, 2018 the angular momentum,, about the its center of mass, or any other point, is
More informationGame Physics. Game and Media Technology Master Program - Utrecht University. Dr. Nicolas Pronost
Game and Media Technology Master Program - Utrecht University Dr. Nicolas Pronost Soft body physics Soft bodies In reality, objects are not purely rigid for some it is a good approximation but if you hit
More informationFluids and their Properties
Chapter (1) Fluids and their Properties Dr. KHALIL MAHMOUD ALASTAL Eng.Mohammed AbuRahma Eng.Reem Sbaih 2017 Newton s Law of Viscosity: - / Non-Newtonian Fluids: - Mass Density: - / Specific weight: -
More informationRheology The relationship between rheological response and material structure
Rheology The relationship between rheological response and material structure Márta Berka University of Debrecen Dept of Colloid and Environmental Chemistry http://dragon.unideb.hu/~kolloid/ Introduction
More informationBasic Considerations. Outline. Chapter Objectives
1 Basic Considerations Outline 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Dimensions, Units, and Physical Quantities 1.3 Continuum View of Gases and Liquids 1.4 Pressure and Temperature Scales 1.5 Fluid Properties 1.5.1 Density
More informationKEMS448 Physical Chemistry Advanced Laboratory Work. Viscosity: Determining the Molecular Mass of Polyvinyl Alcohol
KEMS448 Physical Chemistry Advanced Laboratory Work Viscosity: Determining the Molecular Mass of Polyvinyl Alcohol 1 Introduction The internal friction in fluids, or viscosity, is caused by the cohesion
More informationExercise: concepts from chapter 10
Reading:, Ch 10 1) The flow of magma with a viscosity as great as 10 10 Pa s, let alone that of rock with a viscosity of 10 20 Pa s, is difficult to comprehend because our common eperience is with s like
More informationSimple Harmonic Motion and Elasticity continued
Chapter 10 Simple Harmonic Motion and Elasticity continued Spring constants & oscillations Hooke's Law F A = k x Displacement proportional to applied force Oscillations position: velocity: acceleration:
More informationModelling of dispersed, multicomponent, multiphase flows in resource industries Section 4: Non-Newtonian fluids and rheometry (PART 1)
Modelling of dispersed, multicomponent, multiphase flows in resource industries Section 4: Non-Newtonian fluids and rheometry (PART 1) Globex Julmester 2017 Lecture #3 05 July 2017 Agenda Lecture #3 Section
More informationCourse: US01CPHY01 UNIT 1 ELASTICITY I Introduction:
Course: US0CPHY0 UNIT ELASTICITY I Introduction: If the distance between any two points in a body remains invariable, the body is said to be a rigid body. In practice it is not possible to have a perfectly
More informationMP10: Process Modelling
MP10: Process Modelling MPhil Materials Modelling Dr James Elliott 0.1 MP10 overview 6 lectures on process modelling of metals and polymers First three lectures by JAE Introduction to polymer rheology
More informationChapter 1 Introduction to Fluid Mechanics. T-S Leu Mar. 1, Main Topics
Chapter 1 Introduction to Fluid Mechanics T-S Leu Mar. 1, 2010 Main Topics Definition of a Fluid Basic Equations Methods of Analysis Dimensions and Units 1 Definition of Fluid Substance: Solid, liquid
More informationChapter 10. Solids & Liquids
Chapter 10 Solids & Liquids Next 6 chapters use all the concepts developed in the first 9 chapters, recasting them into a form ready to apply to specific physical systems. 10.1 Phases of Matter, Mass Density
More informationRHEOLOGY Principles, Measurements, and Applications. Christopher W. Macosko
RHEOLOGY Principles, Measurements, and Applications I -56081-5'79~5 1994 VCH Publishers. Inc. New York Part I. CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONS 1 1 l Elastic Solid 5 1.1 Introduction 5 1.2 The Stress Tensor 8 1.2.1
More information- Marine Hydrodynamics. Lecture 4. Knowns Equations # Unknowns # (conservation of mass) (conservation of momentum)
2.20 - Marine Hydrodynamics, Spring 2005 Lecture 4 2.20 - Marine Hydrodynamics Lecture 4 Introduction Governing Equations so far: Knowns Equations # Unknowns # density ρ( x, t) Continuity 1 velocities
More informationMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS
CHAPTER-10 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS QUESTIONS 1 marks questions 1. What are fluids? 2. How are fluids different from solids? 3. Define thrust of a liquid. 4. Define liquid pressure. 5. Is pressure
More information4/14/11. Chapter 12 Static equilibrium and Elasticity Lecture 2. Condition for static equilibrium. Stability An object is in equilibrium:
About Midterm Exam 3 When and where Thurs April 21 th, 5:45-7:00 pm Rooms: Same as Exam I and II, See course webpage. Your TA will give a brief review during the discussion session. Coverage: Chapts 9
More informationMicrofluidics 1 Basics, Laminar flow, shear and flow profiles
MT-0.6081 Microfluidics and BioMEMS Microfluidics 1 Basics, Laminar flow, shear and flow profiles 11.1.2017 Ville Jokinen Outline of the next 3 weeks: Today: Microfluidics 1: Laminar flow, flow profiles,
More informationNON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS. What are they? AND POLYMERS
NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS What are they? AND POLYMERS VOCABULARY Non-Newtonian Dilatant rigid Thixotropic does NOT follow the laws of physics as described by Newton adding energy (shear force) makes a liquid
More informationSoft Bodies. Good approximation for hard ones. approximation breaks when objects break, or deform. Generalization: soft (deformable) bodies
Soft-Body Physics Soft Bodies Realistic objects are not purely rigid. Good approximation for hard ones. approximation breaks when objects break, or deform. Generalization: soft (deformable) bodies Deformed
More information