WORD RESOURCE CARDS 2 5 = cubic unit 12 cubic units. 1 in. 1 square mm 1 mm 2. 1 in. 1 cm 1 cm. 1 square inch 1 in. 2

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1 WORD RESOURCE CARDS volume 1 cubic unit 12 cubic units product 2 5 = square unit 1 in. 1 in. 1 cm 1 cm 1 square mm 1 mm 2 1 square inch 1 in. 2 1 square centimeter 1 cm 2

2 The Grades 3 5 Word Resource Cards in this document are set up to be printed back-to-back or duplex on inch paper, preferably cardstock. Please select short edge binding, or its equivalent, in the print dialog box so definitions will print correctly on the back of their matching word cards. Once printed, cut the pages in half along the provided cut line. The Math Learning Center, PO Box 12929, Salem, Oregon Tel 1 (800) by The Math Learning Center All rights reserved.

3 Word Resource Cards Grades 3 5 As students articulate their mathematical understanding in the lower grades, they begin by using everyday, familiar language. This provides a base on which to build a connection to formal mathematical language. Students need to develop an appreciation of the need for precise definitions and for the communicative power of conventional mathematical terms by first communicating in their own words. (NCTM) Research shows that knowledge of mathematics vocabulary directly affects academic achievement in mathematics, particularly in the realm of problem solving. Direct instruction on vocabulary words, integrated into new content, has a dramatic impact on learning. (What Works in Schools, Marzano, 2003) To help students develop the mathematical language they need to communicate their reasoning accurately and precisely, these Word Resource Cards show a word or term along with an illustration of its meaning. A working definition is provided on the back of each card for your reference. We recommend that you use these cards to gradually develop a math word wall with your students. The cards can be posted on the word wall (or in a classroom pocket chart) when the words arise during the course of a lesson. Developing Understanding of Mathematics Terminology Provide time for students to solve interesting problems, and ask them to communicate verbally about how they solved the problems. Give them time to discuss their strategies and solutions in pairs and as a whole group. This will set the stage for using informal math vocabulary and organizing their ideas. Model how students can express their ideas using mathematically precise language. For example, if a student refers to two shapes as being the same, you might say, Mathematicians call two identical shapes congruent. Posting the associated Word Resource Card at that time can help reinforce the development of the mathematical language. Provide an adequate explanation of words and symbols in context, and offer students recurring chances to practice recognizing and using these symbols and words in a variety of games and activities. Use graphic organizers to illustrate relationships among vocabulary words. Vocabulary maps, webs, and other types of graphic organizers allow learners to see how these ideas are related to what they already know and to integrate their new learning into existing schemas or revise those schemas to reflect new understanding. Word Resource Cards in Alphabetical Order a acute angle algorithm angle area area model of multiplication array as likely as unlikely associative property of addition associative property of multiplication b bar graph base base ten numeral (standard form) c centimeter (cm) certain circle circumference cluster common denominator commutative property of addition commutative property of multiplication composite number congruent coordinate plane coordinates cube cubic unit cup customary system d data decimal degree denominator diameter difference dimension distributive property divide dividend divisor e edge elapsed time equal equation equilateral triangle equivalent expressions equivalent fractions estimate even number expanded form experimental probability exponent expression f face factor factor pair(s) fluid ounce (fl. oz.) foot (ft.) fraction g gallon (gal.) gap gram (g) h half hemisphere hexagon hundredth i identity property of addition identity property of multiplication impossible improper fraction inch (in.) inequality intersecting lines isosceles triangle k kilogram (kg) kilometer (km) kite l likely line line of symmetry line plot line segment liquid volume liter (l) lowest terms (simplest form) m mass maximum mean median meter (m) metric system mile (mi.) milligram (mg) milliliter (ml) millimeter (mm) minimum mixed number mode multiple multiply n number line number name (word form) numerator o obtuse angle odd number operation order of operations origin ounce (oz.) outlier p parallel parallelogram parentheses partition pattern pentagon perimeter perpendicular picture graph pint (pt.) polygon pound (lb.) prime number prism probability product protractor q quadrants quadrilateral quart (qt.) quotient r radius range ratio ratio table ray rectangle rectangular prism reflection remainder rhombus right angle right triangle rotation rounding s scale scalene triangle square square number square unit straight angle sum or total surface area symmetry t table tenth term theoretical probability thousandth tile translation trapezoid triangle triangular prism u unit unit fraction v variable vertex or corner volume w whole number x x-axis y y-axis yard (yd.) z zero angle zero property of multiplication

4 Ask students to make notes and write summaries to describe how they solved a problem and to record predictions, questions, and observations about a topic. Encourage them to use the Word Resource Cards to check their spelling and use the terms precisely. Students can also create their own graphic organizers. This allows them to construct meaning as they develop their own ideas. Looking at students graphic organizers can be an effective way to assess what they understand about a given topic or group of ideas. Teaching Reading in Mathematics by Mary Lee Barton and Clare Heidema (2002) is a wonderful resource. Ask students to write word problems in the context of studying any mathematical domain. Writing their own problems gives them a compelling reason to use clear and coherent communication skills, including the new vocabulary they are learning. For example, students can write riddles for their peers to guess the identity of a particular shape: I have 6 faces. Two of them are squares. The others are congruent rectangles. Which shape am I? Use expressive writing prompts to encourage students to communicate their thinking and feelings. These prompts are generally open-ended, and teachers respond to the students in a nonevaluative manner. For example, if you ask students to communicate what they know about measurement and fractions, the Word Resource Cards for measurement units can help them get started. Ask students to respond to literature or authors in the context of a unit topic. Student-generated letters or book rewrites provide practice with vocabulary development. Books of origami, quilts, tangrams, and tessellations are especially fun. After you have completed a unit, post the Word Resource Cards in the classroom, organized by content domain and topics rather than in alphabetical order. This will help students retrieve the word in the context of related words. Working with English-Language Learners These Word Resource Cards will also support the language development of English-language learners by providing nonlinguistic models for understanding common terms and symbols used during mathematics instruction. If students are responding with one or two words, or nonverbally, you might ask them to answer who, what, where, and when questions like What is this shape? As students begin using phrases or very simple sentences, teachers might ask them to predict, compare, and answer how and why questions like How is an acute angle different from an obtuse angle? Students may use the cards to explain their thinking by pointing to attributes and redefining the terms in their own words.

5 acute angle algorithm

6 Working Definition acute angle: an angle with a measure greater than 0 and less than 90 Working Definition algorithm: a step-by-step procedure for computing that gives the correct result in every case when the steps are carried out correctly

7 angle area

8 Working Definition angle: the figure formed by 2 rays or line segments that share an endpoint; often measured in terms of the amount of rotation (expressed as some number of degrees) needed to superimpose one of those rays or line segments onto the other Working Definition area: the total number of square units needed to cover a two-dimensional surface

9 area model of multiplication array

10 Working Definition area model of multiplication: a model in which two numbers being multiplied are represented by the dimensions of a rectangle, and their product is represented by the area of the rectangle Working Definition array: an arrangement consisting of equal rows and equal columns

11 as likely as unlikely pick associative property of addition (4 + 2) + 3 = 4 + (2 + 3)

12 Working Definition as likely as unlikely: having a probability of exactly ½ or an exactly 50% chance Working Definition associative property of addition: the property by which the sum remains unchanged no matter how the numbers being added are grouped, so that (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)

13 associative property of multiplication (4 2) 3 = 4 (2 3) Favorite After-School Wheels Skateboard bar graph Inline Skates Bicycle Number of Students 10

14 Working Definition associative property of multiplication: the property by which the product remains unchanged no matter how the numbers being multiplied are grouped, so that (a b) c = a (b c) Working Definition bar graph: a graph that uses horizontal or vertical bars to show frequency of data

15 base base ten numeral (standard form)

16 Working Definition base: a face of a three-dimensional shape (solid), usually the face on which it stands Working Definition base ten numeral (standard form): a number written such that the position of each digit corresponds to a power of ten (tens, hundreds, thousands, tenths, hundredths, thousandths, etc.)

17 centimeter (cm) 1 centimeter } pick certain

18 Working Definition centimeter (cm): a metric unit of length equal to of a meter or about 2 5 of an inch Working Definition certain: will definitely occur

19 circle circumference

20 Working Definition circle: a two-dimensional (flat) shape made by drawing a curve that is always the same distance from a point called the center Working Definition circumference: the distance around a circle, cylinder, or widest part of a sphere

21 Temperatures in Asian Cities on February 2 cluster Number of Cities cluster cluster Temperatures in Degrees Fahrenheit (rounded) common denominator = =

22 Working Definition cluster: a group of many points in a set of data that fall within a close range of values Working Definition common denominator: for two or more fractions, a common multiple of the denominators

23 commutative property of addition = commutative property of multiplication = 2 3

24 Working Definition commutative property of addition: the property by which the sum remains unchanged no matter how the numbers being added are ordered, so that a + b = b + a Working Definition commutative property of multiplication: the property by which the product remains unchanged no matter how the numbers being multiplied are ordered, so that a b = b a

25 4 8 composite number congruent

26 Working Definition composite number: a number with more than two factors (if a number has exactly two factors, 1 and itself, it is a prime number) Working Definition congruent: of the same shape and size; two shapes are congruent if one can be exactly superimposed onto the other using a sequence of rotations, reflections, and/or translations

27 ( 2,3) 4 3 y (2,3) coordinate plane x ( 2, 3) 2 (2, 3) 3 4 y 6 coordinates (2,2) (5,4) x

28 Working Definition coordinate plane: a two-dimensional system in which a point is described by its distance from two perpendicular lines called axes Working Definition coordinates: numbers used to identify the position of a point relative to the x- and y-axes of the coordinate plane

29 cube cubic unit 1 in. 1 in. 1 cubic inch 1 in 3 1 in. 1 cm 1 cm 1 cm 1 cubic centimeter 1 cm 3

30 Working Definition cube: a three-dimensional shape (solid) whose 6 faces are all squares Working Definition cubic unit: a unit used to measure volume (e.g., cubic centimeter, cubic inch)

31 cup customary system 56 oz. 72 oz. 40 oz. 8 oz. 24 oz. 1 CUP 8 OZ 3 6 OZ 4 CUP 1 CUP 4 OZ 2 1 CUP 2 OZ 4

32 Working Definition cup: a customary unit of capacity equal to 8 fluid ounces Working Definition customary system: the system of measurement used in the United States; includes units for measuring length, capacity, weight, and temperature

33 21 students were asked what their favorite fruit was. 7 students said apple, 4 said banana, and 10 said orange was their favorite. data Number of Students decimal

34 Working Definition data: items of information; may include facts, numbers, or measurements Working Definition decimal: relating to powers of 10; also, a fraction with a denominator that is a power of 10, often expressed using digits and a decimal point

35 degree denominator

36 Working Definition degree: a unit used to measure the size of angles; 1 degree is equal to of a full rotation Working Definition denominator: the bottom number in a fraction, which shows into how many equal parts the whole is divided; also, the divisor

37 diameter difference

38 Working Definition diameter: a line segment between two points on a circle that passes through the center of the circle Working Definition difference: the result of subtracting one number from another; the amount by which one number is greater or less than another number

39 length width dimension height length width distributive property 6 7 = 6 (5 + 2) = (6 5) + (6 2) = = 42

40 Working Definition dimension: the length, width, or height of a figure Working Definition distributive property: the property by which the product of a number (a) and a sum (b + c) is equal to the sum of the products of the number and each addend in the sum (ab + ac), such that a(b + c) = ab + ac

41 divide 10 2 = = = 4 dividend

42 Working Definition divide: to break or split into equal parts; to determine how many times one number goes into another Working Definition dividend: the number that will be divided in a division problem

43 8 2 = 4 divisor edge

44 Working Definition divisor: the number in a division problem that divides the dividend Working Definition edge: the line segment along which two faces of a three-dimensional shape (solid) meet

45 elapsed time 4 minutes elapsed equal = = = = 36 2

46 Working Definition elapsed time: the amount of time that passes between two points in time Working Definition equal: of exactly the same amount or value

47 equation _ 50 = = 4 = = 40 = a 2 equilateral triangle

48 Working Definition equation: a mathematical statement asserting that two quantities have the same value Working Definition equilateral triangle: a triangle with all sides the same length

49 6 26 and 6 (25 + 1) equivalent expressions and 3n and n + n + n and and equivalent fractions 2 6 and and 2 4 and 3 6

50 Working Definition equivalent expressions: mathematical statements that may look different but are equal Working Definition equivalent fractions: two or more different fractions that represent the same quantity

51 estimate I think there are 110 gumballs in the machine. even number

52 Working Definition estimate: a close guess of the actual value, usually based on some thought or rough calculation; to make an approximate or rough count, measurement, or calculation Working Definition even number: a number that can be exactly divided by 2; all even numbers end with 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8

53 expanded form 349 = Results of 20 Coin Flips experimental probability heads tails

54 Working Definition expanded form: a way to write a number that shows the place value of each digit Working Definition experimental probability: the likelihood that an event will occur, calculated using experimental results with the following formula: number of favorable outcomes/total number of outcomes

55 exponent 3 2 = = expression 45 9 (3 + 4) 8

56 Working Definition exponent: a number or symbol that indicates the power to which the base number is raised; for example, in this expression, the exponent 2 indicates that 3 is raised to the second power: 3 2 = 3 3 Working Definition expression: one or more mathematical symbols that represent a number or quantity; expressions do not include equality or inequality signs

57 face 4 8 factor

58 Working Definition face: a flat surface of a three-dimensional shape (solid) Working Definition factor: a whole number that divides evenly into another number

59 7 7 1 factor pair(s) OZ. 8.0 fluid ounce (fl. oz.) OZ. 7.0 OZ. 6.0 OZ. 5.0 OZ. 4.0 OZ. 3.0 OZ oz. OZ. 1.0

60 Working Definition factor pair(s): the pairs of whole numbers that can be multiplied to produce a given whole number (e.g., 15 has two factor pairs: 1 and 15, and 3 and 5) Working Definition fluid ounce (fl. oz.): a customary unit of capacity equal to 1 8 of a cup, 1 16 of a pint, 1 32 of a quart, and of a gallon

61 foot (ft.) 1 foot (1ʹ) fraction

62 Working Definition foot (ft.): a customary unit of length equal to 12 inches Working Definition fraction: a ratio of two integers; a number expressed as some number of equal parts of a whole

63 gallon (gal.) Temperatures in Asian Cities on February 2 gap Number of Cities gap Temperatures in Degrees Fahrenheit (rounded)

64 Working Definition gallon (gal.): a customary unit of capacity equal to 4 quarts or 16 cups or 128 fluid ounces Working Definition gap: a range of values for which there are no points in a set of data

65 gram (g) half is half of

66 Working Definition gram (g): a metric unit of mass equal to onethousandth of a kilogram or about the weight of a standard paperclip Working Definition half: one part when a number, shape, or set is divided into exactly two equal parts

67 hemisphere hexagon

68 Working Definition hemisphere: half of a sphere Working Definition hexagon: a two-dimensional (flat) shape with 6 sides

69 hundredth identity property of addition a + 0 = a = 3 41 = = 408 1,254 = 0 + 1,254

70 Working Definition hundredth: one of 100 equal parts of a whole (1 100 or 0.01) Working Definition identity property of addition: the property by which the sum of a number and 0 is the same as that number, so that a + 0 = a

71 identity property of multiplication a 1 = a 3 1 = 3 41 = = 408 1,254 = 1 1,254 pick impossible

72 Working Definition identity property of multiplication: the property by which the product of a number and 1 is the same as that number, so that a 1 = a Working Definition impossible: will definitely not occur

73 improper fraction inch (in.) } 1 inch (1ʺ)

74 Working Definition improper fraction: a fraction greater than 1 that is not expressed as a mixed number; a fraction in which the numerator is larger than the denominator Working Definition inch (in.): a customary unit of length equal to 1 12 of a foot

75 inequality > 2 2 < 3 intersecting lines

76 Working Definition inequality: a mathematical statement that compares two unequal amounts using any of the symbols >, <, or Working Definition intersecting lines: lines that contain one common point

77 isosceles triangle kilogram (kg)

78 Working Definition isosceles triangle: a triangle with exactly 2 congruent sides Working Definition kilogram (kg): a metric unit of mass equal to 1,000 grams or about 2.2 pounds

79 10 meters kilometer (km) 100 kite

80 Working Definition kilometer (km): a metric unit of length equal to 1,000 meters or about 0.62 mile Working Definition kite: a two-dimensional (flat) shape with two pairs of congruent adjacent sides

81 pick likely line

82 Working Definition likely: has more than a 50% chance of occurring Working Definition line: a set of connected points that continues in both directions without end (if it has two endpoints it is a line segment, and if it has one endpoint and continues in one direction without end, it is a ray)

83 1 2 1 line of symmetry line plot Number of Students Number of Books Read This Month

84 Working Definition line of symmetry: a real or imaginary line that divides a shape into two mirror images Working Definition line plot: a horizontal number line that uses markings (such as an X or a dot) to show data points above their values on the line

85 line segment liquid volume 1 CUP 8 OZ 3 4 CUP 6 OZ 1 CUP 4 OZ CUP 2 OZ

86 Working Definition line segment: the set of all points between two endpoints Working Definition liquid volume: the measure of the amount of liquid a container will hold

87 liter (l) 1 liter 2 liters lowest terms (simplest form)

88 Working Definition liter (l): a metric unit of capacity equal to 1,000 milliliters or about a quart Working Definition lowest terms: the form of a fraction in which the numerator and denominator have no common factors other than 1; another term for simplest form

89 mass maximum

90 Working Definition mass: a measure of the amount of matter in an object measured in grams, kilograms, etc. Working Definition maximum: the largest element of a set

91 mean median

92 Working Definition mean: the sum of all numbers in a data set divided by the number of data points; typically called the average Working Definition median: the middle value of an ordered set of numerical data; in a set with an even number of data points, the median is the average of the two middle points

93 cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm meter (m) metric system 1kg

94 Working Definition meter (m): a metric unit of length equal to 100 centimeters or about 39 inches Working Definition metric system: a system of measurement based on tens

95 mile (mi.) milligram (mg) 1mg

96 Working Definition mile (mi.): a customary unit equal to 5,280 feet Working Definition milligram (mg): a metric unit of mass equal to one-thousandth of a gram

97 } milliliter (ml) 2.0 ml 1.5 ml 1.0 ml 0.5 ml millimeter (mm) small paperclip: 32 mm 1 millimeter

98 Working Definition milliliter (ml): a metric unit of capacity equal to one-thousandth of a liter Working Definition millimeter (mm): a metric unit of length equal to one-thousandth of a meter and one-tenth of a centimeter

99 minimum mixed number

100 Working Definition minimum: the smallest element of a set Working Definition mixed number: a number greater than 1 expressed as a whole number plus a fraction whose value is less than 1

101 mode multiple = = = 9

102 Working Definition mode: the value (or values) that appear most often in a set of data; there may be no mode, one mode, or multiple modes in a single set of data Working Definition multiple: a number that is the product of a given whole number and any other whole number; a number that may be divided by a given number without a remainder; for example, 3, 6, and 12 are multiples of 3

103 6 3 6 = 18 multiply number line

104 Working Definition multiply: to find the product of Working Definition number line: a diagram in which numbers are represented as points on a line

105 number name (word form) seventy-three five four hundred eight numerator

106 Working Definition number name (word form): written words used to represent a number Working Definition numerator: the top number in a fraction, which shows how many equal parts are to be counted; also, the dividend

107 obtuse angle odd number

108 Working Definition obtuse angle: an angle with a measure greater than 90 and less than 180 Working Definition odd number: a number that cannot be evenly divided by 2; all odd numbers end with 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9

109 operation order of operations (3 + 2) 6 4 = = 11 (3 + 2) (6 4) = 10

110 Working Definition operation: any procedure such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division in which numbers are acted upon according to a set of rules Working Definition order of operations: rules that describe the sequence in which operations should be performed when evaluating an expression; the order in which operations should be performed 1) anything in parentheses first 2) multiplication and division (from left to right) next 3) addition and subtraction (from left to right) last

111 ( 2,3) y (2,3) origin x ( 2, 3) 2 3 (2, 3) 4 ounce (oz.)

112 Working Definition origin: the point at which the x- and y-axes intersect on a coordinate grid Working Definition ounce (oz.): a customary unit of weight equal to one-sixteenth of a pound

113 outlier Number of Students Number of Books Read This Summer parallel

114 Working Definition outlier: a value in a set that is much higher or much lower in value than other numbers in the set Working Definition parallel: always the same distance apart

115 parallelogram parentheses ( )

116 Working Definition parallelogram: a two-dimensional (flat) shape with 4 sides, with both pairs of opposite sides parallel Working Definition parentheses: curved marks used to group mathematical symbols

117 partition 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 pattern 5, 10, 15, 20, 25

118 Working Definition partition: to divide into portions or pieces Working Definition pattern: a collection of numbers, shapes, or objects that forms a consistent or characteristic arrangement

119 pentagon perimeter

120 Working Definition pentagon: a two-dimensional (flat) shape with 5 sides Working Definition perimeter: the distance in linear units around a two-dimensional (flat) figure; the perimeter of a circle is called the circumference

121 perpendicular Students Who Wore Tie Shoes Room 7 picture graph Room 8 Room 9 Number of Students = 2 students

122 Working Definition perpendicular: intersecting at right angles Working Definition picture graph: a graph that uses pictures or symbols to show frequency of data

123 pint (pt.) polygon

124 Working Definition pint (pt.): a customary unit of capacity equal to one-eighth of a gallon or 2 cups or 16 fluid ounces Working Definition polygon: a closed two-dimensional (flat) shape with 3 or more sides

125 pound (lb.) prime number

126 Working Definition pound (lb.) a customary unit of weight equal to 16 ounces Working Definition prime number: a number with exactly two different factors itself and 1

127 prism probability pick 8 10 pick 2 10

128 Working Definition prism: a three-dimensional shape with 2 congruent bases that each have 3 or more sides Working Definition probability: the likelihood that an event will occur, measured on a scale from 0 (impossible) to 1 (certain)

129 product 2 5 = protractor MM CM

130 Working Definition product: the result of multiplying two or more numbers; in the array model, the product is the area of the array Working Definition protractor: a tool used to measure angles (including angles you want to draw)

131 4 y Quadrant Quadrant 1 1 quadrants x Quadrant Quadrant quadrilateral

132 Working Definition quadrants: the four sections of a coordinate grid that are separated by the x- and y-axes Working Definition quadrilateral: a two-dimensional (flat) shape with 4 sides

133 quart (qt.) 8 2 = 4 quotient

134 Working Definition quart (qt.): a customary unit of capacity equal to one-fourth of a gallon or 4 cups or 32 fluid ounces Working Definition quotient: the result or answer in division; the number of times one quantity goes into another

135 radius range = 9

136 Working Definition radius: any line segment that extends from the center of a circle to a point on the circumference of the circle Working Definition range: the difference between the greatest and least values in a data set

137 ratio ½ ratio table

138 Working Definition ratio: a comparison of two numbers using division, often expressed as a fraction Working Definition ratio table: a model that represents equivalent ratios; can be used as a tool to solve problems that involve multiplication, division, fractions, and proportions

139 ray rectangle

140 Working Definition ray: a set of connected points that continues in one direction without end Working Definition rectangle: a two-dimensional (flat) shape with two pairs of parallel sides (4 sides total) and 4 right angles

141 3 rectangular prism reflection 3

142 Working Definition rectangular prism: a three-dimensional shape (solid) whose 6 faces are all rectangles Working Definition reflection: a flip of a geometric figure

143 14 3 = 4 R 2 4 remainder 3 4 r rhombus

144 Working Definition remainder: the number left over when one whole number is divided by another whole number Working Definition rhombus: a two-dimensional (flat) shape with 4 congruent sides

145 right angle right triangle

146 Working Definition right angle: an angle with a measure of exactly 90 Working Definition right triangle: a triangle with 1 right angle (1 angle that measures exactly 90 )

147 33333 rotation $3.00 $3.82 $4.00 rounding

148 Working Definition rotation: a turn of a geometric figure Working Definition rounding: approximating a number to a specific place value based on the digit immediately to the right of that place; for example, rounding $3.82 to the nearest dollar is $4 or rounding 63 to the nearest ten is 60

149 scale scalene triangle

150 Working Definition scale: to increase or decrease in size by a particular ratio Working Definition scalene triangle: a triangle whose sides are all of different lengths

151 square 7 square number

152 Working Definition square: a two-dimensional (flat) shape with 4 congruent sides and 4 right angles Working Definition square number: a number that can be expressed as the product of some integer and itself (e.g., 4 = 2 2 and 16 = 4 4)

153 square unit 1 in. 1 in. 1 cm 1 cm 1 square mm 1 mm 2 1 square inch 1 in. 2 1 square centimeter 1 cm 2 straight angle

154 Working Definition square unit: a square with sides that measure 1 unit, used to measure area Working Definition straight angle: an angle with a measure of exactly 180

155 2 + 5 = 7 sum or total square unit surface area 6 square units 24 square units

156 Working Definition sum or total: the result of adding two or more numbers Working Definition surface area: the sum of the areas of the faces of a three-dimensional object

157 symmetry D Birds of Prey table Species Length (inches) Wingspan (inches) Raven Hawk Kestrel

158 Working Definition symmetry: the property of a shape that can be folded so that the two halves match exactly Working Definition table: a collection of data that has been organized into columns and rows

159 tenth term (4 3) a = = 95

160 Working Definition tenth: 1 of 10 equal parts of a whole (1 10 or 0.1) Working Definition term: a number, variable, product, or quotient in an expression; sums and differences are not considered terms

161 Coin 1 theoretical probability Coin 2 HH HT TH TT thousandth 1 1,

162 Working Definition theoretical probability: the likelihood that an event will occur under ideal conditions, calculated using the following formula: number of favorable outcomes/total number of outcomes Working Definition thousandth: 1 of 1,000 equal parts of a whole ( or 0.001)

163 tile translation

164 Working Definition tile: to cover in square units to measure or illustrate area Working Definition translation: a slide of a geometric figure

165 trapezoid triangle

166 Working Definition trapezoid: a two-dimensional (flat) shape with 4 sides, exactly 1 pair of which are parallel Working Definition triangle: a two-dimensional (flat) shape with 3 sides

167 triangular prism unit 814

168 Working Definition triangular prism: a three-dimensional shape (solid) with 2 triangular bases and 3 rectangular faces Working Definition unit: another name for 1 (the units column is the same as the ones column); also a standard amount in which attributes (length, duration, mass) can be measured and quantified

169 unit fraction 1 a variable x + 3

170 Working Definition unit fraction: a fraction with a numerator of 1 Working Definition variable: a quantity that can change or have different values; also a symbol (often a letter) that stands for a variable

171 vertex or corner volume 1 cubic unit 12 cubic units

172 Working Definition vertex or corner: the point at which the sides of a two-dimensional (flat) shape or the edges of a three-dimensional shape (solid) intersect Working Definition volume: the total number of cubic units needed to fill a three-dimensional space

173 whole number , 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ( 2,3) y (2,3) 1 x-axis x ( 2, 3) 2 3 (2, 3) 4

174 Working Definition whole number: a number such as 0, 1, 2, 3; one of the positive integers or 0 Working Definition x-axis: the horizontal axis on a coordinate grid

175 ( 2,3) y (2,3) 1 y-axis x ( 2, 3) 2 3 (2, 3) 4 yard (yd.)

176 Working Definition y-axis: the vertical axis on a coordinate grid Working Definition yard (yd.): a customary unit of length equal to 3 feet or 36 inches

177 zero angle zero property of multiplication a 0 = 0 0 = 3 0 1,309 0 = 0 0 = 0 235

178 Working Definition zero angle: an angle whose measure is zero degrees Working Definition zero property of multiplication: the property by which the product of a number and 0 is zero