CHAPTER 1: PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AMD MEASUREMENT

Transcription

1 CHAPTER 1: PHYSICAL UANTITIES AMD MEASUREMENT 11 Physical uantities and Units a) State basic quantities and their respective SI units: length (m), time (s), mass (kg), electrical current (A), temperature (K), amount of substance (mol) and luminosity Poor b) State derived quantities and their respective units and symbols: velocity (m s -1 ), acceleration (m s -2 ), work (J), force (N), pressure (Pa), energy (J), power (W) and frequency (Hz) c) Convert units to common SI prefixes * = Revision before class/ tutorial * = Revision before exam * = uiz [A (>75%) =, Fail (<45%) = Poor, the rest (46%-74%) = ] yewszeling@kmlmatrikedumy Page 1

2 12 Scalars and Vectors a) Define scalar and vector quantities Poor b) Perform vector addition and subtraction operations graphically c) Resolve vector into two perpendicular components (x and y axes) d) Illustrate unit vectors ( ) in Cartesian coordinate e) State the physical meaning of dot (scalar) product: ( ) ( ) f) State the physical meaning of cross (vector) product: ( ) ( ) Direction of cross product is determined by corkscrew method or right hand rule yewszeling@kmlmatrikedumy Page 2

3 At the end of this topic, students should be able 13 Measurement and Errors a) Use the appropriate instruments to measure physical quantities: length, mass, time, temperature, angle, volume and pressure Poor b) Estimate rough order-of-magnitude of a physical quantity c) Write the value of a measurement to the correct significant figures d) Distinguish between systemic errors and random errors e) Write the uncertainty for all measurements f) Calculate the uncertainty for average value and derived quantities g) Determine the uncertainty from a graph yewszeling@kmlmatrikedumy Page 3

4 CHAPTER 2: KINEMATICS OF LINEAR MOTION 21 Linear motion a) Define and distinguish between i distance and displacement ii speed and velocity iii instantaneous velocity, average velocity and uniform velocity iv instantaneous acceleration, average acceleration and uniform acceleration Poor b) Sketch graphs of displacement-time, velocity-time and acceleration-time c) Determine the distance travelled, displacement, velocity and acceleration from appropriate graphs 22 Uniformly accelerated motion Derive and apply equations of motion with uniform acceleration: yewszeling@kmlmatrikedumy Page 4

5 23 Free Falling Body a) Describe free falling body Poor b) Solve problems on free falling body 24 Projectile Motion a) Describe projectile motion b) Solve problems on projectile motion Page 5

6 CHAPTER 3: MOMENTUM AND IMPULSE At the end of this topic, students should be able 31 Momentum and impulse a) Define momentum and solved related problems Poor b) Define and use impulse, c) Use F-t graph to determine impulse d) State and use impulse-momentum theorem, 32 Conservation of linear momentum a) State the principle of conservation of linear momentum b) State the conditions for elastic and inelastic collisions c) Apply the principle of conservation of momentum in elastic and inelastic collisions Page 6

7 CHAPTER 4: FORCES 41 Basic of forces and free body diagram a) Identify the forces acting on a body in different situations: i Weight ii Tension iii Normal force iv Friction v External force (pull or push) Poor b) Determine weight, static friction and kinetic friction c) Sketch free body diagram d) Determine the resultant force yewszeling@kmlmatrikedumy Page 7

8 42 Newton s Laws of Motion a) State Newton s First Law Poor b) Define mass as a measure of inertia c) Define the equilibrium of a particle d) Apply Newton s First Law in equilibrium of forces e) State and apply Newton s Second Law, : ( ) ( ) f) State and apply Newton s Third Law yewszeling@kmlmatrikedumy Page 8

9 CHAPTER 5: WORK, ENERGY AND POWER 51 Work a) Define and apply work done by a constant force, Poor b) Determine work done from a forcedisplacement graph 52 Energy and Conservation of Energy a) Define and use potential energy i gravitational potential energy, U=mgh ii elastic potential energy for spring, b) Define and use kinetic energy, c) State and use the principle of conservation of energy d) State the work-energy theorem and use the related equations yewszeling@kmlmatrikedumy Page 9

10 53 Power and mechanical efficiency a) Define and use average power, Poor b) Derive and use power, c) Define and use mechanical efficiency, and the consequences of heat dissipation Page 10

11 CHAPTER 6: CIRCULAR MORION 61 Uniform circular motion Describe uniform circular motion in terms of change in the direction of velocity but not magnitude Poor 62 Centripetal force a) Define and use centripetal acceleration, b) Define and solve problems on centripetal force, Page 11

12 CHAPTER 7: GRAVITATION 71 Basic of forces and free body diagram a) State and use the Newton s law of gravitation, Poor b) Define gravitational field strength as gravitational force per unit mass, c) Derive and use gravitational field strength, d) Sketch a graph of a g against r and explain the change in a g with altitude and depth from the surface of the earth yewszeling@kmlmatrikedumy Page 12

13 72 Gravitational potential a) Define gravitational potential in a gravitational field Poor b) Derive and use the equation, c) Sketch the variation of gravitational potential, V with distance from the surface of the earth 73 Satellite motion in a circular orbit Derive and use equation for satellite motion: i velocity, ii period, yewszeling@kmlmatrikedumy Page 13

14 CHAPTER 8: ROTATIONAL OF RIGID BODY 81 Equilibrium of a uniform rigid body a) Define and use torque, Poor b) State and use condition for equilibrium of rigid body: and 82 Rotational kinematics a) Define: i angular displacement, θ ii average angular velocity, ω av iii instantaneous angular velocity, ω iv average angular acceleration, α av v instantaneous angular acceleration, α b) Convert units between degrees, radian, and revolution or rotation c) Use: i average angular velocity, ii instantaneous angular velocity, iii average angular acceleration, iv instantaneous angular acceleration, yewszeling@kmlmatrikedumy Page 14

15 d) Relate and use parameters in rotational motion with their corresponding quantities in liner motion:,,, Poor e) Use equations for rotational motion with constant angular acceleration:, and 83 Rotational dynamics a) Define and use the moment of inertia of a rigid body about an axis, b) State and use torque, yewszeling@kmlmatrikedumy Page 15

16 84 Work and energy of rotational motion a) Solve problems related i rotational kinetic energy, ii work, iii power, Poor b) Solve problems related to principle of conservation of mechanical energy for rolling motion without slipping 85 Conservation of angular momentum a) Define and use angular momentum, b) State and use the principle of conservation of angular momentum yewszeling@kmlmatrikedumy Page 16

17 CHAPTER 9: SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 91 Simple harmonic motion (SHM) a) Explain SHM as periodic motion without loss of energy Poor b) Use SHM equation: 92 Kinematics of simple harmonic motion a) Use SHM displacement equation, b) Derive and apply equations: i velocity, ii acceleration, iii kinetic energy, ( ) and potential energy, yewszeling@kmlmatrikedumy Page 17

18 93 Graphs of simple harmonic motion Sketch, interpret and distinguish the following graphs: i displacement-time ii velocity-time iii acceleration-time iv energy-displacement Poor 94 Period of simple harmonic motion Derive and use expression for period SHM, T for simple pendulum and single spring yewszeling@kmlmatrikedumy Page 18

19 CHAPTER 10: MECHANICAL WAVES 101 Properties of waves a) Define amplitude, frequency, period, wavelength and wave number Poor b) Interpret and use equation for progressive wave, ( ) ( ) c) Distinguish between particle vibrational velocity, and wave propagation velocity, v=λf d) Sketch and interpret the graphs of: i displacement-time, y-t ii displacement-distance, y-x yewszeling@kmlmatrikedumy Page 19

20 102 Superposition of waves a) State the principle of superposition of waves and use it to explain the constructive and destructive interference Poor b) Explain the formation of stationary wave c) Use the stationary wave equation: d) Distinguish between progressive waves and stationary wave Page 20

21 CHAPTER 11: SOUND WAVE 111 Intensity and beats a) Define and use sound intensity, Poor b) Illustrate and use the dependence of intensity on: i amplitude: ii distance from a point source: c) Use the principle of superposition to explain beats d) Solve beat frequency, yewszeling@kmlmatrikedumy Page 21

22 112 Application of stationary waves a) Use diagram to explain the formation of stationary waves along: i stretched string ii air columns (open and closed end) Poor b) Use appropriate equations to determine the fundamental and overtone frequencies for: i stretched string ii air columns (open and closed end) c) Explain qualitatively the formation of resonance in air column 113 Doppler Effect a) Define Doppler Effect for sounds waves b) Apply Doppler Effect equation for relative motion between source and observer c) Sketch and explain graph of apparent frequency against distance travelled yewszeling@kmlmatrikedumy Page 22

23 CHAPTER 12: DEFORMATION OF SOLIDS At the end of this topic, students should be able 121 Stress and strain a) Define stress and strain for a stretched wire Poor b) Sketch and interpret the graph of stress-stain, σ-ε for a metal under tension c) Distinguish between elastic and plastic deformation d) Sketch and distinguish graph of forceelongation, F-e for elastic abd ductile materials 122 Young s Modulus a) Define and use Young s modulus, b) Derive and use strain energy, c) Deduce strain energy from the graphs of force-elongation, F-e and stressstrain, σ-ε yewszeling@kmlmatrikedumy Page 23

24 CHAPTER 13: HEAT At the end of this topic, students should be able 131 Thermal conduction a) Define heat as energy transfer due to temperature difference Poor b) Explain and use rate of heat transfer, ( ) c) Use graphs of temperature-distance, T-x to explain heat conduction through insulated and non-insulated rods, and combination of rods in series 132 Thermal expansion a) Define and use the coefficient of linear, area and volume thermal expansion b) Use the relationship between the coefficients of expansions, β=2α, γ=3α yewszeling@kmlmatrikedumy Page 24

25 CHAPTER 14: KINETIC THEORY OF GASES At the end of this topic, students should be able 141 Ideal gas equations a) Sketch and interpret the following graphs of an ideal gas: i p-v graph at constant temperature ii V-T graph at constant pressure iii p-t graph at constant volume Poor b) Use the ideal gas equation, pv=nrt 142 Kinetic Theory of Gases a) State assumption of kinetic theory of gases b) Apply the equations of ideal gas, and pressure, in related problems c) Explain root mean square (rms) speed of gas molecules and use the equation, yewszeling@kmlmatrikedumy Page 25

26 143 Molecular kinetic energy and internal energy a) Explain and use translational kinetic energy of a molecule, ( ) Poor b) State the principle of equipartition of energy c) Define the degree of freedom d) State the number of degree of freedom for monoatomic, diatomic and polyatomic gas molecules e) Explain internal energy of gas f) Relate the internal energy to the number of degree of freedom and use the equation, yewszeling@kmlmatrikedumy Page 26

27 CHAPTER 15: THERMODYNAMICS 151 First Law of Thermodynamics State and use first law of thermodynamics, Poor 152 Thermodynamics Processes a) Define the following thermodynamic processes: i Isothermal ii Isovolumetric iii Isobaric iv Adiabatic b) Sketch p-v graph for all the thermodynamic processes yewszeling@kmlmatrikedumy Page 27

28 153 Thermodynamic Work a) Derive expression of work done, from dw=fdx Poor b) Determine work from the area under the p-v graph c) Derive equation of work done in isothermal, isovolumetric and isobaric processes d) Calculate work done in: i isothermal process and use ii isobaric process, use ( ) iii isovolumetric process, use yewszeling@kmlmatrikedumy Page 28