Modern Physics. Relativity: Describes objects moving close to or at the speed of light (spaceships, photons, electrons )
|
|
- Milton Hilary Daniel
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Modern Physics At the beginning of the twentieth century, two new theories revolutionized our understanding of the world and modified old physics that had existed for over 200 years: Relativity: Describes objects moving close to or at the speed of light (spaceships, photons, electrons ) Quantum Mechanics: Describes microscopic objects (atoms, electrons, photons.) Both theories explained phenomena that existing physics was unable to deal with. Both theories challenged our fundamental intuition and perception of the world: space-time, mass-energy, locality, causality.
2 Relativity
3 Reference Frames A reference frame is a coordinate system in which an experimenter makes measurements of position and time. It is at rest with respect to the experimenter. Experimenters at rest with respect to each other share the same reference frame. Examples: Students in a classroom, drivers driving their cars at the same velocity. An event is labeled by coordinates (x,y,z,t)
4 Reference Frames An inertial frame of reference is one which a free body (isolated particle) has no acceleration: it remains at rest or moving in a straight line. (Newton s law of inertia applies: Sum of external forces = 0). A reference frame moving with constant velocity relative to an inertial frame is also an inertial frame. Which of the following can be considered as inertial frames of reference? A physics laboratory A skydiver A train moving at constant velocity A plane while taking-off Newtonian (Galilean) Relativity The laws of mechanics are the same in all inertial reference frames.
5 Galilean Transformations Consider two inertial reference frames S and S that are moving with a constant velocity relative to each other. The axes of both frames are parallel to each other. The origins of both frames coincide at t=0. Event P
6 Galilean Transformations An observer in frame S measures the coordinates of an event to be (x, y,z,t) An observer in frame S measures the coordinates of an event to be ( x, y, z, t ) The relative velocity between the two frames is v How are the positions and velocities in the two frames related? Event P
7 Galilean Transformations Galilean transformation of position Event P In general, x = x + vt y = y z = z r = r + vt
8 Galilean Transformations Galilean transformation of velocity x = x + vt y = y z = z dx = d x + dvt = d x + v u x = u x + v u y = u y u z = u z In general, u = u + v
9 Galilean Transformations Example: Find the rounrip times taken by the two boats as measured by an observer on the shore if the boats travel at speed c with respect to the river. t 1 t 2 t 1 = 2L c 2 v 2 = 2L c $ 1 v2 c 2 % ' 1 2 ( 2L c $ v 2 c + % 2 ' t 2 = L c + v + L c v = 2Lc c 2 v 2 = $ 2L % c ' $ 1 v2 c 2 % ' 1 ( $ 2L% c ' $ 1+ v2 c + % 2 '
10 Galilean Transformations Galilean transformation of acceleration du x du y du z u x = u x + v u y = u y u z = u z = d u x = d u y = d u z + dv a x = a x dv = 0 a a = a y = a y a z = Observers in inertial frames (moving at constant velocity) measure the same acceleration and hence the same force. Newtonian (Galilean) Relativity: Newton s laws are the same in all inertial frames. a z
11 The speed of light Assumption: Light waves travel in a medium called the ether The speed of light in the rest frame of the ether is c = 300,000,000 m/s Using the Galilean transformations, the speed of light moving parallel to a reference frame that is moving with speed v with respect to the ether would be c = c ± v Question: Does the Galilean velocity transformation apply to the speed of light? If the earth is moving through the ether, then changes in the speed of light in the earth s reference frame would indicate its motion through the ether.
12 Michelson-Morley Experiment Recall boats in the river example: Rounrip time of light in arm 1 (from M 0 to M 2 ) t 2 = L c + v + ( Rounrip time of light in arm 2 from (M 0 to M 1 ) t 1 = 2L% $ c ' $ ( 2L c 2L c 2 v 2 L c v = 1+ v2 c + % 2 ' = 2L c $ 1+ 1 v 2 2 c + % $ 2 ' 2L % $ c ' $ 1 v2 c 2 % ' 1 v2 c % ' 1
13 Michelson-Morley Experiment Time difference: t = t 2 t 1 Lv2 c 3 Time difference results in an interference pattern at the telescope. If the apparatus is rotated by 90 degrees, the role of the two arms is interchanged causing a shift in the interference pattern. If the wavelength of the light is λ, the shift is Shift 2c t Null result: No shift was observed
14 Einstein s Postulates of Special Relativity 1. Principle of relativity: The laws of physics are the same in all inertial reference frames 2. The speed of light is constant in all inertial frames and is independent of the observer s and the source s velocity.
Galilean velocity transformation
Galilean velocity transformation... -3-2 -1 0 1 2 3... u... -3-2 -1 0 1 2 3... If an object has velocity u in frame S (note: velocities have a direction!), and if frame S is moving with velocity v along
More informationModern Physics. Third Edition RAYMOND A. SERWAY CLEMENT J. MOSES CURT A. MOYER
Modern Physics Third Edition RAYMOND A. SERWAY CLEMENT J. MOSES CURT A. MOYER 1 RELATIVITY 1.1 Special Relativity 1.2 The Principle of Relativity, The Speed of Light 1.3 The Michelson Morley Experiment,
More informationJF Theoretical Physics PY1T10 Special Relativity
JF Theoretical Physics PY1T10 Special Relativity 12 Lectures (plus problem classes) Prof. James Lunney Room: SMIAM 1.23, jlunney@tcd.ie Books Special Relativity French University Physics Young and Freedman
More informationSpecial Theory of Relativity. PH101 Lec-2
Special Theory of Relativity PH101 Lec-2 Newtonian Relativity! The transformation laws are essential if we are to compare the mathematical statements of the laws of physics in different inertial reference
More informationName the object labelled B and explain its purpose.
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 1 1. The diagram represents the Michelson-Morley interferometer. surface-silvered mirror M 1 l 1 extended source of monochromatic light B surface-silvered mirror M 2 A l 2 viewing
More informationIntroduction to Relativity & Time Dilation
Introduction to Relativity & Time Dilation The Principle of Newtonian Relativity Galilean Transformations The Michelson-Morley Experiment Einstein s Postulates of Relativity Relativity of Simultaneity
More informationRELATIVITY. Einstein published two theories of relativity. In The Special Theory. For uniform motion a = 0. In The General Theory
RELATIVITY Einstein published two theories of relativity In 1905 The Special Theory For uniform motion a = 0 In 1916 The General Theory For non-uniform motion a 0. First we will discuss The Special Theory
More informationCHAPTER 2 Special Theory of Relativity-part 1
CHAPTER 2 Special Theory of Relativity-part 1 2.1 The Apparent Need for Ether 2.2 The Michelson-Morley Experiment 2.3 Einstein s Postulates 2.4 The Lorentz Transformation 2.5 Time Dilation and Length Contraction
More informationChapter 36 The Special Theory of Relativity. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 36 The Special Theory of Relativity Units of Chapter 36 Galilean Newtonian Relativity The Michelson Morley Experiment Postulates of the Special Theory of Relativity Simultaneity Time Dilation and
More informationCollege Physics B - PHY2054C. Special Relativity 11/10/2014. My Office Hours: Tuesday 10:00 AM - Noon 206 Keen Building.
College - PHY2054C 11/10/2014 My Office Hours: Tuesday 10:00 AM - Noon 206 Keen Building Outline 1 2 3 1 The speed of light is the maximum possible speed, and it is always measured to have the same value
More informationSpecial Theory of Relativity. A Brief introduction
Special Theory of Relativity A Brief introduction Classical Physics At the end of the 19th century it looked as if Physics was pretty well wrapped up. Newtonian mechanics and the law of Gravitation had
More informationModule 2: Special Theory of Relativity - Basics
Lecture 01 PH101: Physics 1 Module 2: Special Theory of Relativity - Basics Girish Setlur & Poulose Poulose gsetlur@iitg.ac.in Department of Physics, IIT Guwahati poulose@iitg.ac.in ( 22 October 2018 )
More informationAristotle: If a man on top of a mast in a moving ship drops an object, it would fall toward the back of the ship.
Aristotle: If a man on top of a mast in a moving ship drops an object, it would fall toward the back of the ship. Aristotle Galileo v Galileo: The object would land at the base of the mast. Therefore,
More informationUnit- 1 Theory of Relativity
Unit- 1 Theory of Relativity Frame of Reference The Michelson-Morley Experiment Einstein s Postulates The Lorentz Transformation Time Dilation and Length Contraction Addition of Velocities Experimental
More informationChapter 26 Special Theory of Relativity
Chapter 26 Special Theory of Relativity Classical Physics: At the end of the 19 th century, classical physics was well established. It seems that the natural world was very well explained. Newtonian mechanics
More informationRelativity and Modern Physics. From Last Time. Preferred reference frame. Relativity and frames of reference. Galilean relativity. Relative velocities
HW#6 Chapter 0 Concept: 9, 6, 20, 28, 34 Problems: 4, 6 From Last Time Range of visible light from 400 nm to 700 nm Eye interprets different wavelengths as different colors but has only three sensors,
More informationRelativity. An explanation of Brownian motion in terms of atoms. An explanation of the photoelectric effect ==> Quantum Theory
Relativity Relativity In 1905 Albert Einstein published five articles in Annalen Der Physik that had a major effect upon our understanding of physics. They included:- An explanation of Brownian motion
More informationSpecial Theory of Relativity. PH101 Lec-1 Soumitra Nandi
Special Theory of Relativity PH101 Lec-1 Soumitra Nandi Background Modern Physics is based on the three major theories : I. Relativity (space, time and gravity) II. Quantum Mechanics (subatomic particles)
More informationElements of Physics II
Physics 132: Lecture 21 Elements of Physics II Agenda for Today Special Theory of relativity Inertial vs. non-inertial reference frames Postulates of SR Consequences of SR Simultaneity Time dilation Physics
More informationNewtonian or Galilean Relativity
Relativity Eamples 1. What is the velocity of an electron in a 400 kv transmission electron microscope? What is the velocity in the 6 GeV CESR particle accelerator?. If one million muons enter the atmosphere
More informationDeveloping the Postulates of Special Relativity in Group Discussions
#NSTA17 (Distribution copy with images removed) Developing the Postulates of Special Relativity in Group Discussions Last updated: 4/1/2017 Dr. Igor Woiciechowski Associate Professor of Mathematics Alderson
More informationThe Constancy of the Speed of Light
The Constancy of the Speed of Light Also, recall the Michelson-Morley experiment: c-u c+u u Presumed ether wind direction u is the relative speed between the frames (water & shore) Result: Similar There
More informationGeneral Physics (PHY 2140)
General Physics (PHY 2140) Lecture 12 Electricity and Magnetism 1. AC circuits and EM waves The Electromagnetic Spectrum The Doppler Effect 6/20/2007 Modern Physics 1. Relativity Galilean Relativity Speed
More informationPhysics 2D Lecture Slides Lecture 2. Jan. 5, 2010
Physics 2D Lecture Slides Lecture 2 Jan. 5, 2010 Lecture 1: Relativity Describing a Physical Phenomenon Event (s) Observer (s) Frame(s) of reference (the point of View! ) Inertial Frame of Reference Accelerated
More informationTwo postulates Relativity of simultaneity Time dilation; length contraction Lorentz transformations Doppler effect Relativistic kinematics
Two postulates Relativity of simultaneity Time dilation; length contraction Lorentz transformations Doppler effect Relativistic kinematics Phys 2435: Chap. 37, Pg 1 Two postulates New Topic Phys 2435:
More informationThe special theory of relativity
Chapter 1 The special theory of relativity 1.1 Historical background 1905 is often described as Einstein s annus mirabilis: a wonderful year in which he came up with three remarkable ideas. These were
More informationPhysics 2D Lecture Slides Sept 29. Vivek Sharma UCSD Physics
Physics 2D Lecture Slides Sept 29 Vivek Sharma UCSD Physics Galilean Relativity Describing a Physical Phenomenon Event ( and a series of them) Observer (and many of them) Frame of reference (& an Observer
More informationEinstein for Everyone Lecture 2: Background to Special Relativity
Einstein for Everyone Lecture 2: Background to Special Relativity Dr. Erik Curiel Munich Center For Mathematical Philosophy Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität 1 Special Relativity 2 Principle of Relativity
More informationMassachusetts Institute of Technology Physics Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Physics Department Physics 8.20 IAP 2003 Introduction to Special Relativity January 6, 2003 Assignment 1 Corrected version Due January 13, 2003 Announcements Please
More informationChapter 2: The Special Theory of Relativity. A reference fram is inertial if Newton s laws are valid in that frame.
Chapter 2: The Special Theory of Relativity What is a reference frame? A reference fram is inertial if Newton s laws are valid in that frame. If Newton s laws are valid in one reference frame, they are
More informationLecture 8 : Special Theory of Relativity
Lecture 8 : Special Theory of Relativity The speed of light problem Einstein s postulates Time dilation 9/23/10 1 Sidney Harris I: THE SPEED OF LIGHT PROBLEM Recap Relativity tells us how to relate measurements
More informationChapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction to Relative Motion Relativity has as its basis the observation of the motion of a body by two different observers in relative motion to each other. This observation,
More informationPay close attention... because
Pay close attention... because Galilean Relativity Galilean Relativity I drive past a baseball field traveling north at 25 MPH. A player throws the ball south at a speed (relative to the ground) of 70
More informationPhysics 2D Lecture Slides Lecture 2. March 31, 2009
Physics 2D Lecture Slides Lecture 2 March 31, 2009 Newton s Laws and Galilean Transformation! But Newton s Laws of Mechanics remain the same in All frames of references!! 2 2 d x' d x' dv = " dt 2 dt 2
More information02. Special Relativity: The 2 Postulates and the Michaelson- Morley Experiment
02. Special Relativity: The 2 ostulates and the Michaelson- Morley Experiment (1905) "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" ostulate 1: rinciple of Relativity The laws of physics are the same in all
More informationAnnouncement. Einstein s Postulates of Relativity: PHYS-3301 Lecture 3. Chapter 2. Sep. 5, Special Relativity
Announcement PHYS-3301 Lecture 3 Sep. 5, 2017 2 Einstein s Postulates of Relativity: Chapter 2 Special Relativity 1. Basic Ideas 6. Velocity Transformation 2. Consequences of Einstein s Postulates 7. Momentum
More informationChapter 33 Special Relativity
And now in our time, there has been unloosed a cataclysm which has swept away space, time, and matter hitherto regarded as the firmest pillars of natural science, but only to make place for a view of things
More informationLecture 3 and 4. Relativity of simultaneity. Lorentz-Einstein transformations
Lecture 3 and 4 Relativity of simultaneity Lorentz-Einstein transformations Relativity of Simultaneity If we use this method of synchronising clocks, we find that simultaneity is relative, not absolute.
More information10520EE Modern Physics Instructor: 陳明彰 LAs:??
10520EE 211000 Modern Physics http://mx.nthu.edu.tw/mingchang/ Instructor: 陳明彰 (mingchang@mx.nthu.edu.tw) LAs:?? Today s class Why are we here? What s this class about? What do we need to do? How do we
More informationE = mc 2. Inertial Reference Frames. Inertial Reference Frames. The Special Theory of Relativity. Slide 1 / 63. Slide 2 / 63.
Slide 1 / 63 The Special Theory of Relativity E = mc 2 Inertial Reference Frames Slide 2 / 63 Newton's laws are only valid in inertial reference frames: n inertial reference frame is one which is not accelerating
More informationRotational Mechanics and Relativity --- Summary sheet 1
Rotational Mechanics and Relativity --- Summary sheet 1 Centre of Mass 1 1 For discrete masses: R m r For continuous bodies: R dm i i M M r body i Static equilibrium: the two conditions for a body in static
More informationSpace, Time and Simultaneity
PHYS419 Lecture 11: Space, Time & Simultaneity 1 Space, Time and Simultaneity Recall that (a) in Newtonian mechanics ( Galilean space-time ): time is universal and is agreed upon by all observers; spatial
More informationChapter-1 Relativity Part I RADIATION
Chapter-1 Relativity Part I RADIATION Radiation implies the transfer of energy from one place to another. - Electromagnetic Radiation - Light - Particle and Cosmic Radiation photons, protons, neutrons,
More informationPHYS 270-SPRING 2011 Dennis Papadopoulos LECTURE # 20 RELATIVITY I NEWTONIAN RELATIVITY GALILEAN TRANSFORMATIONS SIMULTANEITY APRIL 21, 2011
PHYS 270-SPRING 2011 Dennis Papadopoulos LECTURE # 20 RELATIVITY I NEWTONIAN RELATIVITY GALILEAN TRANSFORMATIONS SIMULTANEITY APRIL 21, 2011 1 I: LAWS OF MOTION Newton s first law Newton s first law (N1)
More informationENTER RELATIVITY THE HELIOCENTRISM VS GEOCENTRISM DEBATE ARISES FROM MATTER OF CHOOSING THE BEST REFERENCE POINT. GALILEAN TRANSFORMATION 8/19/2016
ENTER RELATIVITY RVBAUTISTA THE HELIOCENTRISM VS GEOCENTRISM DEBATE ARISES FROM MATTER OF CHOOSING THE BEST REFERENCE POINT. GALILEAN TRANSFORMATION The laws of mechanics must be the same in all inertial
More informationPrinciple of Relativity
Principle of Relativity Physical laws are the same in all inertial frames. 1) The same processes occur. But 2) the description of some instance depends on frame of reference. Inertial Frames An inertial
More informationRelativity. Overview & Postulates Events Relativity of Simultaneity. Relativity of Time. Relativity of Length Relativistic momentum and energy
Relativity Overview & Postulates Events Relativity of Simultaneity Simultaneity is not absolute Relativity of Time Time is not absolute Relativity of Length Relativistic momentum and energy Relativity
More informationMassachusetts Institute of Technology Physics Department Physics 8.20 IAP 2005 Introduction to Special Relativity
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Physics Department Physics 8.20 IAP 2005 Introduction to Special Relativity Problem Set 1 1. Speeds What fraction of the speed of light does each of the following
More informationModern Physics. t the end of the nineteenth century, many scientists believed that they had
Modern Physics PART 6 t the end of the nineteenth century, many scientists believed that they had A learned most of what there was to know about physics. Newton s laws of motion and his theory of universal
More informationWelcome back to PHY 3305
Welcome back to PHY 3305 Today s Lecture: Michelson-Morley Experiment Simultaneity Albert A. Michelson 1852-1931 -Dr. Cooley s Office hours will be Mondays 10-11 am and Tuesdays 6-7 pm in FOSC 151 or by
More informationClass Notes Introduction to Modern Physics Physics 321 Plan II Under Construction
Class Notes Introduction to Modern Physics Physics 321 Plan II Under Construction Austin M. Gleeson 1 Department of Physics University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX 78712 January 15, 2010 1 gleeson@physics.utexas.edu
More informationTherefore F = ma = ma = F So both observers will not only agree on Newton s Laws, but will agree on the value of F.
Classical Physics Inertial Reference Frame (Section 5.2): a reference frame in which an object obeys Newton s Laws, i.e. F = ma and if F = 0 (object does not interact with other objects), its velocity
More informationBefore we work on deriving the Lorentz transformations, let's first look at the classical Galilean transformation.
Background The curious "failure" of the Michelson-Morley experiment in 1887 to determine the motion of the earth through the aether prompted a lot of physicists to try and figure out why. The first attempt
More informationAnnouncements. Muon Lifetime. Lecture 4 Chapter. 2 Special Relativity. SUMMARY Einstein s Postulates of Relativity: EXPERIMENT
Announcements HW1: Ch.2-20, 26, 36, 41, 46, 50, 51, 55, 58, 63, 65 Lab start-up meeting with TA tomorrow (1/26) at 2:00pm at room 301 Lab manual is posted on the course web *** Course Web Page *** http://highenergy.phys.ttu.edu/~slee/2402/
More information2.1 Einstein s postulates of Special Relativity. (i) There is no ether (there is no absolute system of reference).
Chapter 2 Special Relativity The contradiction brought about by the development of Electromagnetism gave rise to a crisis in the 19th century that Special Relativity resolved. 2.1 Einstein s postulates
More informationMichelson and Morley expected the wrong result from their experiment Cyrus Master-Khodabakhsh
Michelson and Morley expected the wrong result from their experiment Cyrus Master-Khodabakhsh School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics Western Sydney University cyrs.master@westernsydney.edu.au;
More information12:40-2:40 3:00-4:00 PM
Physics 294H l Professor: Joey Huston l email:huston@msu.edu l office: BPS3230 l Homework will be with Mastering Physics (and an average of 1 hand-written problem per week) Help-room hours: 12:40-2:40
More informationPostulate 2: Light propagates through empty space with a definite speed (c) independent of the speed of the source or of the observer.
Einstein s Special Theory of Relativity 1 m E = mv E =m*c m* = KE =m*c - m c 1- v p=mv p=m*v c 9-1 Postulate 1: The laws of physics have the same form in all inertial reference frames. Postulate : Light
More informationLECTURE 3: SPACETIME AND GEOMETRY: AN INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL RELATIVITY. AS204 February
LECTURE 3: SPACETIME AND GEOMETRY: AN INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL RELATIVITY I. The Geometry of Space AS204 February 11 2008 You are used to dealing with vectors in ordinary 3-dimensional space, and to specify
More informationLesson 12 Relativity
Lesson 12 Relativity Introduction: Connecting Your Learning Relative motion was studied at the beginning of the course when the simple notion of adding or subtracting velocities made perfect sense. If
More informationApplying Newton s Second Law. 8.01T Sept 22, 2004
Applying Newton s Second Law 8.01T Sept 22, 2004 Reference Frame Coordinate system with an observer placed at origin is a reference frame in which the position, velocity, and acceleration of objects are
More informationRELATIVITY. Special Relativity
RELATIVITY Special Relativity FROM WARMUP It was all interesting! How important is it for us to know the Galilean transformation equations and the math of the Michelson-Morley experiment? Know the Galilean
More informationEinstein and his theory of Special Relativity (1905) General relativity came later and deals more with gravity (1915) 07 relativity.
Einstein and his theory of Special Relativity (1905) General relativity came later and deals more with gravity (1915) Groundwork for Einstein's theory was laid out my Michelson and Morley with their interferometer
More informationLIGHT and SPECIAL RELATIVITY FRAMES OF REFERENCE
VISUAL PHYSICS ONLINE MODULE 7 NATURE OF LIGHT LIGHT and SPECIAL RELATIVITY FRAMES OF REFERENCE The location of an object and its velocity depends upon the frame of reference of an observer. Inertial frame
More informationElements of Physics II
Physics 132: Lecture 23 Elements of Physics II Agenda for Today Special Theory of relativity Inertial vs. non-inertial reference frames Postulates of SR Consequences of SR Time dilation Length contraction
More informationSpecial Theory of Relativity (I) Newtonian (Classical) Relativity. Newtonian Principle of Relativity. Inertial Reference Frame.
Special Theory of Relativity (I) Newtonian (Classical) Relativity Einstein s Postulates The Lorentz Transformation Time Dilation and Length Contraction Addition of Velocities Assumption It is assumed that
More informationChapter 1. Relativity 1
Chapter 1 Relativity 1 Classical Relativity inertial vs noninertial reference frames Inertial Reference Frames Galilean transformation: x = x vt; y = y; z = z; t = t u x = u x v; u y = u y ; u z = u z
More informationGeneral Relativity I
General Relativity I presented by John T. Whelan The University of Texas at Brownsville whelan@phys.utb.edu LIGO Livingston SURF Lecture 2002 July 5 General Relativity Lectures I. Today (JTW): Special
More informationPhysics 2203, Fall 2012 Modern Physics
Physics 2203, Fall 2012 Modern Physics. Wednesday, Aug. 22, 2012: Ch. 1: Time dila?on, length contrac?on, and transforma?ons. Lorentz Transforma?on In Class exercise Announcements:. Monday s notes posted.
More informationThe spacetime of special relativity
1 The spacetime of special relativity We begin our discussion of the relativistic theory of gravity by reviewing some basic notions underlying the Newtonian and special-relativistic viewpoints of space
More informationRelativity I. Chapter Outline
1 Relativity I Chapter Outline 1.1 Special Relativity 1.2 The Principle of Relativity The Speed of Light 1.3 The Michelson Morley Experiment Details of the Michelson Morley Experiment 1.4 Postulates of
More informationIntroduction. Classical vs Modern Physics. Classical Physics: High speeds Small (or very large) distances
Introduction Classical vs Modern Physics High speeds Small (or very large) distances Classical Physics: Conservation laws: energy, momentum (linear & angular), charge Mechanics Newton s laws Electromagnetism
More informationRelativity. April 16, 2014 Chapter 35 1
Relativity April 16, 2014 Chapter 35 1 Announcements! Next week: Review of entire course, no exam! Final exam Wednesday, April 30, 8-10 PM Location: BPS 1410 (this room) Comprehensive, covers material
More informationCHAPTER 2 Special Theory of Relativity
CHAPTER 2 Special Theory of Relativity 2.1 The Apparent Need for Ether 2.2 The Michelson-Morley Experiment 2.3 Einstein s Postulates 2.4 The Lorentz Transformation 2.5 Time Dilation and Length Contraction
More informationKinematics III. I. Comparing Measurements By Different Observers
Kinematics III I. Comparing Measurements By Different Observers A. Position As we noted earlier, the position vector is NOT UNIQUE as it depends on the arbitrary choice of the observer s coordinate axis.
More informationAdvantages of Three-Dimensional Space-Time Frames
Frontiers in Science 01, (3): 18-3 DOI: 10.593/j.fs.01003.01 Advantages of Three-Dimensional Space-Time Frames Tower Chen 1,*, Zeon Chen 1 Unit of Mathematical Sciences, College of Natural and Applied
More informationPHYSICS 107. Lecture 10 Relativity: The Postulates
PHYSICS 107 Lecture 10 Relativity: The Postulates Introduction Relativity represents yet a further step in the direction of abstraction and mathematization of the laws of motion. We are getting further
More information8.20 MIT Introduction to Special Relativity IAP 2005 Tentative Outline
8.20 MIT Introduction to Special Relativity IAP 2005 Tentative Outline 1 Main Headings I Introduction and relativity pre Einstein II Einstein s principle of relativity and a new concept of spacetime III
More informationGeneral Physics I. Lecture 3: Newton's Laws. Prof. WAN, Xin ( 万歆 )
General Physics I Lecture 3: Newton's Laws Prof. WAN, Xin ( 万歆 ) xinwan@zju.edu.cn http://zimp.zju.edu.cn/~xinwan/ What Causes Changes of Motion? We define the interaction of a body with its environment
More informationSpecial Relativity 1
Special Relativity 1 Special Relativity: A Summary Caitlyn Edwards Dr. Gan Modern Physics November 2017 Special Relativity 2 Abstract The physics of Einstein s theory of special relativity differs dramatically
More informationAlbert Einstein ( )
Einstein s Special Theory of Relativity Imagination is more important than knowledge Albert Einstein (1879-1955) Contributions: The man who rewrote physics Photoelectric Effect major importance to Quantum
More informationPhysics 107: Ideas of Modern Physics
Physics 107: Ideas of Modern Physics Exam 2 March 8, 2006 Name ID # Section # On the Scantron sheet, 1) Fill in your name 2) Fill in your student ID # (not your social security #) 3) Fill in your section
More informationModern Physics Part 2: Special Relativity
Modern Physics Part 2: Special Relativity Last modified: 23/08/2018 Links Relative Velocity Fluffy and the Tennis Ball Fluffy and the Car Headlights Special Relativity Relative Velocity Example 1 Example
More informationMassachusetts Institute of Technology Physics Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Physics Department Physics 8.0 IAP 005 Introduction to Special Relativity Midterm Exam Solutions. (a). The laws of physics should take the same form in all inertial
More informationIn defence of classical physics
In defence of classical physics Abstract Classical physics seeks to find the laws of nature. I am of the opinion that classical Newtonian physics is real physics. This is in the sense that it relates to
More informationPass the (A)Ether, Albert?
PH0008 Quantum Mechanics and Special Relativity Lecture 1 (Special Relativity) Pass the (A)Ether, Albert? Galilean & Einstein Relativity Michelson-Morley Experiment Prof Rick Gaitskell Department of Physics
More information2. Relative and Circular Motion
2. Relative and Circular Motion A) Overview We will begin with a discussion of relative motion in one dimension. We will describe this motion in terms of displacement and velocity vectors which will allow
More informationTopics: Relativity: What s It All About? Galilean Relativity Einstein s s Principle of Relativity Events and Measurements
Chapter 37. Relativity Topics: Relativity: What s It All About? Galilean Relativity Einstein s s Principle of Relativity Events and Measurements The Relativity of Simultaneity Time Dilation Length g Contraction
More informationWe search for the ether. Next time: The ether is missing Conspiracy? I think not!
We search for the ether Next time: The ether is missing Conspiracy? I think not! Waves Wave phenomena are important for the development of special relativity and for understanding quantum mechanics, so
More informationChapter 4 Dynamics: Newton s Laws of Motion
Chapter 4 Dynamics: Newton s Laws of Motion Force Newton s First Law of Motion Mass Newton s Second Law of Motion Newton s Third Law of Motion Weight the Force of Gravity; and the Normal Force Applications
More informationThe Special Theory of relativity
Chapter 1 The Special Theory of relativity 1.1 Pre - relativistic physics The starting point for our work are Newtons laws of motion. These can be stated as follows: Free particles move with constant velocity.
More informationToday s Lecture: Kinematics in Two Dimensions (continued) A little bit of chapter 4: Forces and Newton s Laws of Motion (next time)
Today s Lecture: Kinematics in Two Dimensions (continued) Relative Velocity - 2 Dimensions A little bit of chapter 4: Forces and Newton s Laws of Motion (next time) 27 September 2009 1 Relative Velocity
More informationPHYSICS - CLUTCH CH 34: SPECIAL RELATIVITY.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: INERTIAL REFERENCE FRAMES A reference frame is a coordinate system that you make measurements in, and there are two types: - Inertial reference frames, which move at velocity
More information[1] In your answer, you should use appropriate technical terms, spelled correctly.... A satellite. Fig. 4.1
1 (a) Define the following terms: couple... [1] torque of a couple. In your answer, you should use appropriate technical terms, spelled correctly.... [1] (b) Fig. 4.1 shows a satellite in space moving
More informationRelating measurements in one reference frame to those in a different reference frame moving relative to the first
What is Relativity? Relating measurements in one reference frame to those in a different reference frame moving relative to the first 1905 - Einstein s first paper on relativity, dealt with inertial reference
More informationWelcome back to PHY 3305
Welcome back to PHY 3305 Today s Lecture: Consequences of Einstein s Postulates Lorentz Transformations Albert Einstein 1879-1955 Einstein s Postulates: 1. The laws of physics are invariant to observers
More informationSpecial Relativity 05/09/2008. Lecture 14 1
How Fast Are You Moving Right Now? Special Relativity Einstein messes with space and time 0 m/s relative to your chair 400 m/s relative to earth center (rotation) 30,000 m/s relative to the sun (orbit)
More informationChapter 1. The Postulates of the Special Theory of Relativity
Chapter 1 The Postulates of the Special Theory of Relatiity Imagine a railroad station with six tracks (Fig. 1.1): On track 1a a train has stopped, the train on track 1b is going to the east at a elocity
More informationLecture 2. Einstein Asserts Relativity. July 31, Ruled out the possibility that Earth is at rest relative to the ether
Lecture 2 Einstein Asserts Relativity July 31, 2017 Where We Are Now... Ruled out the possibility that Earth is at rest relative to the ether Earth alone at rest? Violates Copernicus! Ether Drag? Ruled
More information5-1. Chapter 5 GALILEO S SENSORY AND EMPIRICAL CONCEPTS OF RELATIVITY. A. Galileo s Relativity
5-1 Chapter 5 GALILEO S SENSORY AND EMPIRICAL CONCEPTS OF RELATIVITY The concept of inertia spawned Galileo s concept of relativity: the sensory and empirical equivalence of the uniform rectilinear velocities
More information