TESTING THE STANDARD MODEL IN THE FORWARD REGION AT THE LHC
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1 TESTING THE STANDARD MODEL IN THE FORWARD REGION AT THE LHC Ronan McNulty (UCD Dublin) Irish Quantum Foundations, Castletown House, 3,4 th May 2013
2 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 2 Outline Theory: The Standard Model Experiment: LHCb detector 1 Electroweak tests using W µν, Z µµ; probing the proton structure 2 Electroweak tests using Z ττ; sensitivity to Higgs 3 Test EM & QCD with exclusive production of dimuons, J/ψ and χ c. Analysis Paper Luminosity W µν JHEP 06 (2012) pb -1 Z µµ CERN-LHCb-CONF fb -1 Z ττ JHEP 1301 (2013) fb -1 Higgs arxiv: fb -1 Exclusive J/ψ JPG 40 (2013) pb -1 Exclusive χ c CERN-LHCb-CONF pb -1
3 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 3 This is what we want to test...
4 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 4 fermion mass Higgs mass W mass Z mass
5 fermion propagator Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 5 fermion mass W propagator photon prop. Z propagator Higgs mass W mass Higgs prop. Z mass gluon propagator
6 fermion propagator Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 6 fermion mass QED vertex W,Z vertex W propagator photon prop. Z propagator Higgs mass Higgs prop. Z mass W,Z,photon interactions W mass Higgs interactions with fermions and bosons QCD vertex gluon propagator
7 fermion propagator Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 7 fermion mass QED vertex W,Z vertex W propagator photon prop. Z propagator Higgs mass Higgs prop. Z mass W,Z,photon interactions W mass Higgs interactions with fermions and bosons QCD vertex gluon propagator
8 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 8 The LHC ATLAS ALICE CMS LHCb (10-15 m) Nominal Energy: 7TeV
9 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 9 ATLAS and CMS surround the interaction region Fully instrumented in region: -2 < η < 2 Partial instrumentation: -5 < η < 5
10 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 10 The LHCb detector 0.4
11 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 11 Complementarity of LHC detectors
12 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations Electroweak tests using W µν, Z µµ; probing the proton structure u u d u u d
13 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 13 Parton Density Function (PDF): f q (x,q 2 ) Probability that the proton contains this parton with this momentum fraction Q = Invariant mass of parton interaction x = Qe ±y / s [y is rapidity, s c.o.m] u u d u u d
14 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 14 Theory v Experiment at the LHC Hadronic Cross-section PDFs Partonic Cross-section Test the Standard Model at the highest energies. W/Z theory known to 1% Constrain parton distribution functions. Test QCD of particular interest in regions with very soft gluons
15 9 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations log 10 (Q 2 ) [GeV 2 ] log 10 (x)
16 9 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations log 10 (Q 2 ) [GeV 2 ] log 10 (x)
17 9 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations log 10 (Q 2 ) [GeV 2 ] DGLAP evolution log 10 (x)
18 9 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 18 8 y: log 10 (Q 2 ) [GeV 2 ] DGLAP evolution Production of object of mass Q at rapidity log 10 (x)
19 9 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 19 8 y: log 10 (Q 2 ) [GeV 2 ] log 10 (x) ATLAS & CMS: Collision between two partons having similar momentum fractions. PDFs either already measured by HERA or Tevatron, or requiring modest extrapolation through DGLAP.
20 9 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 20 8 y: log 10 (Q 2 ) [GeV 2 ] LHCb: Collision between one well understood parton and one unknown or large DGLAP evolved parton log 10 (x)
21 9 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 21 8 y: W,Z γ* 5 log 10 (Q 2 ) [GeV 2 ] log 10 (x) ATLAS & CMS: Collision between two partons having similar momentum fractions. PDFs either already measured by HERA or Tevatron, or requiring modest extrapolation through DGLAP.
22 9 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 22 8 y: W,Z γ* 5 log 10 (Q 2 ) [GeV 2 ] DGLAP evolution LHCb: Collision between one well understood parton and one unknown or large DGLAP evolved parton. Potential to go to very low x, where PDFs essentially unknown log 10 (x)
23 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 23 Pre-LHC precision on W,Z cross-sections e.g. very roughly W + W = ud du u d
24 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 24 W and Z production in the forward region Experimentally: σ=n/l Count number of events: Z µµ, W µν Master formula: σ = pn εl
25 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 25 The LHCb detector 0.4
26 First Z candidate Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 26
27 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 27 Z cross-section measurement σ = pn εl
28 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 28 Efficiencies for W and Z analysis found from tag-and-probe
29 First W candidate Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 29
30 Purity of W selection µ+ µ- Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 30 σ = pn εl 2<η< <η<3 3<η< <η<4 4<η<4.5
31 W charge asymmetry Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 31
32 Comparison to CMS Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 32
33 Testing the theory Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 33
34 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 34 Z differential cross-section as fn of rapidity and transverse momentum compared to various PDF sets and different generators
35 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations Summary q Electroweak data from LHC is in good agreement with Standard Model Predictions. q PDFs constrained and thus predict other processes (e.g. Higgs) with greater precision.
36 2. Electroweak tests using Z ττ; sensitivity to Higgs Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 36 e µ τ Are these couplings the same? Could something else produce ττ?
37 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 37 Z->ττ signal and background
38 Trigger and selection Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 38
39 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 39 Estimated signal contributions µµ µe µµ eµ µh eh
40 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 40 Comparison of Z->µµ and Z->ττ results
41 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 41 Reinterpretation in terms of Higgs
42 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 42 Higgs boson in the forward region Model independent limits SUSY limits (mhmax scenarios)
43 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations Summary q Lepton universality holds q SUSY parameter space severely constrained. q With more statistics we are sensitive to Higgs production in the forward region.
44 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations Exclusive J/ψ and ψ(2s), χ c and µµ Results based on 37pb -1 of data taken in 2010
45 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 45 Physics of the Vacuum Elastic p p It s QCD but not as we normally see it. It s colour-free σ elastic 40mb σ diffractive 10mb σ inelastic 60mb
46 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 46 Physics of the Vacuum Elastic Pomeron (soft) p 0 + p It s QCD but not as we normally see it. It s colour-free σ elastic 40mb σ diffractive 10mb σ inelastic 60mb
47 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 47 Physics of the Vacuum Pomeron (soft) p 0 + p It s QCD but not as we normally see it. It s colour-free σ elastic 40mb σ diffractive 10mb σ inelastic 60mb
48 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 48 Physics of the Vacuum Diffractive Pomeron (hard and soft) p 0 + No activity rapidity gap p It s QCD but not as we normally see it. It s colour-free σ elastic 40mb σ diffractive 10mb σ inelastic 60mb
49 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 49 Physics of the Vacuum particle Central Exclusive Pomeron (hard) p 0 + rapidity gap rapidity gap p Elastic diffractive: clean environment to study vacuum, and in particular, transition between soft and hard pomeron. σ elastic 40mb σ diffractive 10mb σ inelastic 60mb
50 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 50 Physics of the Vacuum particle Central Exclusive Pomeron (hard) p 0 + rapidity gap Photon rapidity gap p Elastic diffractive: clean environment to study vacuum, and in particular, transition between soft and hard pomeron. σ elastic 40mb σ diffractive 10mb σ inelastic 60mb
51 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 51 Physics of the Vacuum particle Central Exclusive Photon QED! p rapidity gap Photon rapidity gap p Elastic diffractive: clean environment to study vacuum, and in particular, transition between soft and hard pomeron. σ elastic 40mb σ diffractive 10mb σ inelastic 60mb
52 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 52 Sensitivity to gluon PDF Leading order cross-section xg x λ Gluon PDF enters squared Examples of dependence of Jpsi cross-section on PDF (left) and extraction of gluon PDF (right) from Martin, Nockles, Ryskin, Teubner, arxiv: v1
53 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 53 The LHCb detector (some sensitivity -3.5<η<-1.5) 0.4 Low multiplicity required. Restricts to single-interaction collisions
54 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations VELO sub-detector measures particle positions to 5um UCD helped build, commission and operate the VELO 54
55 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 55 Graphical Representation
56 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 56
57 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 57 Effect of rapidity gap requirement on muon triggered events JPG 40 (2013) JPG 40 (2013) All triggered events With veto on backward tracks
58 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 58 Central exclusive di-muon signals SuperChic: L. Harland-Lang, V. Khoze, M. Ryskin, W. Stirling, EPJ.C65 (2010) Starlight: S.R. Klein & J. Nystrand, PRL 92 (2004)
59 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 59 Before and after requiring precisely two tracks Tracks have p T >400MeV 2<η<5
60 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 60 Non-resonant background very small JPG 40 (2013) JPG 40 (2013) Distributions are not background-subtracted. 37pb-1 of data: 1492 J/ψ and 40 ψ(2s)
61 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 61 Cross-section measurement Purity: 1. non-resonant bkg (1%) 2. Chi_c feeddown (9%) 3. Psi feedown (2%) 4. Inelastic Jpsi production (30%) σ = pn εl Number of events observed Luminosity Efficiency: 1. Trigger 2. Tracking & muon id. 3. Single interaction beam-crossing P(n) = µ n e µ n!
62 Feed-down backgrounds Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 62
63 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 63 Inelastic background Characterise p T spectrum of background using shapes with 3-8 tracks and extrapolate to 2 track case.
64 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 64 Inelastic background Signal shape Estimated from Superchic using exp(- b p 2 T ) (arxiv: ) Take b from HERA data. Extrapolate to LHCb energies to get b= 6.1 +/- 0.3 GeV -2 Crosscheck: Fit to spectrum below with b free gives b = 5.8 +/- 1 GeV -2 JPG 40 (2013) Purity of exclusive signal below 900 MeV/c p T = (70 ± 4 ± 6)% Inelastic background shape Estimated from data. Characterise shape for 3-8 tracks and extrapolate to 2 tracks. This approach works for QED production of dimuons, tested using LPAIR simulation. Also checked with PYTHIA simulation of diffractive events.
65 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 65 LHCb compared to theory & experiment * All predictions (bar Schaefer&Szcaurek) have similar approach and give similar results and are consistent with our data.
66 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 66 LHCb compared to HERA e Twofold ambiguity LHCb c/s is HERA c/s weighted by photon spectrum + gap survival factor (r) LHCb differential data fitted assuming power law dependence σ (W ) = aw δ a = nb δ = 0.92 ± 0.15 LHCb Power law results a = 3nb δ = 0.72 HERA
67 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 67 LHCb compared to theory & experiment JPG 40 (2013) measured from fit plotted
68 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 68 Deviations from power law Saturation model (Motyka&Watt PRD ) has deviation from pure power law.
69 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 69 LHCb compared to theory & experiment looks very like
70 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 70 Other ways to fill the vacuum with muons χ c 0,1,2 decay to Jpsi+photon Vacuum state should be 0
71 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations Summary q Nature of the pomeron investigated q Sensitive to gluon PDF q Prospect for new phenomena in QCD q saturation q odderon (3-bound gluons)
72 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 72 Conclusions Rich variety of physics available from LHC Standard Model has so far resisted all our attempts to break it! Precision physics and new energy regimes are key to improved understanding Irish physics very much involved at the energy frontier.
73 Backup Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 73
74 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 74 Determination of non-resonant background p T for 3-track events p T for 8-track events
75 Ronan McNulty, Irish Quantum Foundations 75 Exclusive pseudo-vector production LHCb preliminary results with 2010 data BR(χc0->J/ψγ)=1.2% BR(χc1->J/ψγ)=34.4% BR(χc2->J/ψγ)=19.5% Dominance of Xc0 is confirmed. Experimentally difficult to separate three resonances and determine non-resonant background for each.
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