APPLICATION OF A SCANNING VIBROMETER FOR THE PERIODIC CALIBRATION OF FORCE TRANSDUCERS
|
|
- Alaina Bell
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 XX IMEKO World Congress Metrology or Green Growth September 9 14, 01, Busan, Republic o Korea APPLICATION OF A SCANNING VIBROMETER FOR THE PERIODIC CALIBRATION OF FORCE TRANSDUCERS Christian Schlegel, G. Kieckenap, and R. Kumme Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, D Braunschweig, Bundesallee 100, Germany, Christian.Schlegel@ptb.de Abstract: This paper describes a procedure or the dynamic calibration o orce transducers using sinusoidal excitations. Thereby, the main output o such a calibration is the dynamic sensitivity: the ratio between the electrical output signal o the transducer and the acting dynamic orce. The orce is traced back to the mass time s acceleration. With the aid o a scanning vibrometer, the acceleration distribution can be measured and a more realistic uncertainty or the acceleration can be given. In addition, parameter identiication rom the resonance behaviour can be applied. Keywords: dynamic calibration, orce transducer, acceleration measurement, parameter identiication 1. INTRODUCTION In the past, very precise procedures or static orce measurements were developed and are now routinely used by calibration services and in national metrology institutes [1]. Thereby, relative measurement uncertainties down to 10-5 are obtained using deadweight machines, which are the best standard to realize a traceable orce. Besides the precise realization o a orce in a standard machine, there must be selected orce transducers available which can be used as a transer standard to give the primary calibration to the secondary calibration laboratories and industry. The crucial act now is that oten these statically calibrated orce transducers are used in dynamic applications. That is the reason why more and more NMIs have established procedures or a dynamic calibration o orce transducers and also other sensors. Currently in the European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP) one promoted research topic is the Traceable Dynamic Measurement o Mechanical Quantities, which includes, apart rom a work package on dynamic orce, also work packages on dynamic pressure, dynamic torque, the electrical characterization o measuring ampliiers and mathematical and statistical methods and modelling []. Similar to the static calibration philosophy, primary calibrations have to be provided which guarantee traceability to the SI base units and also transer transducers (reerence standards) to transer these calibrations, e.g. to an industrial application. This transer turned out to be the most complicated task because o the crucial inluence o environmental conditions present in certain applications. Mostly, the transducers are clamped rom both sides which leads to sensitivity losses due to the dynamics o these connections, which are more or less not ininitely sti. On the other hand, the resonant requency oten shits down to lower requencies which can also drastically change the sensitivity. The problem can be solved to a certain extent by modelling the whole construction, including all relevant parameters. For that reason it is also important to determine the orce transducer parameters, like stiness and damping, which can also be obtained during a dynamic calibration. This article describes one possibility or a primary dynamic orce calibration using sinusoidal excitations. The whole procedure as well as most o the setups were developed over two decades and are extensively described in [3-5]. Other methods as well as analysis procedures or dynamic orce calibration are described in [5-7]. S = ( m t. THE MEASURAND The main output o a dynamic calibration is the requencydependent sensitivity, S. Thereby, the sensitivity is the ratio o the electrical output signal o the transducer, U, to the acting dynamic orce. To initiate a orce on the transducer, an additional mass is mounted on top o the transducer. This mass, m t, in combination with the transducer s own head mass, m i, contributes to the inertial orce generated by the sinusoidal movement. The acceleration, & x& t, is measured on top o the loading mass using a scanning vibrometer. Finally, the sensitivity is given by U + m ) && x K i t corr S 0 (1 pω ) The parameter, K corr, takes into account the vertical acceleration gradient over the mass body. Finite element simulations have shown that the individual mass points o the mass body have slightly dierent accelerations in the vertical direction [3]. This correction actor can be neglected i quite small masses are used (only a ew centimetres in height). From the theory it can be shown that the sensitivity can be approximated by a second-order (1)
2 polynomial. This is very useul to average and interpolate sensitivities measured, e.g. with dierent orces. Thereby, the actor, S 0, is the static sensitivity obtained or the limiting case ω=0, whereby p is a parameter which is determined by the ratio o the damping to the stiness o the transducer. As one can see rom the equation, the sensitivity is reduced quadratically with increasing requency ω. The periodic excitation o the orce transducer can be used also to determine the parameter s resonance requency, stiness and damping actor o the transducer. This can be obtained by analyzing the resonance line obtained by the ratio o the acceleration measured on the top mass and the acceleration measured on the shaker table or the ratio o the orce transducer signal to the acceleration on the shaker table. The resonance line can be itted by the unction o the mechanical resonator, whereby the amplitude, A, is given as a unction o the requency,, by: A( ) = ( a a 0 1 ) + 4a The parameter a 1 is the resonance requency 0 according to: 1 k 0 = a1 = (3) π m From the resonance requency the stiness, k, o the orce transducer can be obtained rom equation 3. The parameter a is connected with the damping actor according to: b = πma The mass, m, is the top mass o the orce transducer including the internal head mass o the transducer. Sometimes it is useul also to know the bandwidth,, o the peak which is given by the width o the resonance at 1 / o the amplitude. This can be calculated by the dierence o the two requencies, 1 and which correspond to this: 1, = a1 a m a a 1 a (5) With the bandwidth, a quality actor, Q, can be calculated which is the ratio o the resonance requency and the bandwidth: Q = 0 It should be noted that the resonance peak can also be itted by other peak unctions like the Lorentz unction. These unctions characterize a peak oten with the ull width at hal maximum, (FWHM). The FWHM can also be used to calculate the Q-Value, however in this case the square o the transer unction must be itted. From the Q-Value also the damping actor can be calculated according to: b = km Q 1 () (4) (6) (7) 3. TECHNICAL DETAILS The measurement arrangement can be seen in Figure 1. For the sinusoidal excitation three electromagnetic shaker systems can be used; a small one or orces up to 100 N and 10 Hz until khz, a medium one up to 800 N or 10 Hz -3 khz, and a large shaker up to orces o 10 kn and requencies o 10 Hz to khz. The shakers consist o two parts, the vibration exciter itsel and a power ampliier. The sinusoidal signal is ed rom an arbitrary signal generator directly into the power ampliier and modulates the current signal, which drives the coil o the shaker armature. The beam o the laser vibrometer is guided via a 45 mirror down to the surace o the loading mass, mounted on top o the orce transducer. The vibrometer is on a special rame, which is equipped with a passive and an active damping table. The active damping table is mounted directly below the vibrometer. Inside the table six accelerometers continuously measure the vibration. This measurement inormation is used in a closed loop control to steer 4 servo motors, which keep the position o the table always exactly in the horizontal position. Experience has shown that the table is able to suppress vibrational inluences originating rom the shaker very well. In addition, a irst damping is perormed via the passive damping table, which is placed directly on the platorm o the mounting rame, see Figure 1. Figure 1. Calibration setup consisting o the electrodynamic shaker with the mounted orce transducer and a scanning vibrometer or the acceleration measurement. The transducer is equipped with an additional loading mass. The scanning vibrometer, PSV-400 M, is an instrument rom Polytec. This device consists o the laser head, a controller (OFV-5000), a junction box and a PC system equipped with a 4 channel 5 MHz sampling card rom National Instruments. The laser beam can be scanned in an angle region o ±0º in the horizontal and vertical directions. Thereby, the angle resolution is <0.00º. The controller includes several parts, two velocity encoders with analogue and digital outputs, an analogue displacement output and a digital decoder or the output o a down-converted IQ signal. The velocity decoder, reerred to as VD-07, or the low requency range up to 350 khz, can measure velocities up to 500 mm/s and a second decoder, reerred to as VD-09, or requencies in the range rom 10 Hz -.5 MHz, can measure
3 velocities up to 10 m/s. In addition to the velocity proportional analogue output signals, the VD-07 decoder has a digital S/P-DIF output with a ixed sampling rate o 4 khz with 4 bit resolution. The digital IQ converter, reerred to as DD-600, provides the baseband Doppler signal in a bandwidth o 0-5 MHz with an IQ phase tolerance o ±.5º. without and with a special mechanical adapter to mount the top mass, one can see the inluence o such a coupling. 4. CALIBRATION EXAMPLE In the ollowing example a piezoelectric orce transducer, Type Kistler 9175 B, with a nominal orce o 8 kn or tension and 30 kn or compression, was measured. The charge o this transducer was measured with a B&K Nexus charge ampliier. Figure shows the dynamic sensitivity o the transducer measured with ive top masses. Figure 3. Averaged sensitivity o the data points displayed in Figure according to equation 1. Figure. Dynamic sensitivity o a piezoelectric orce transducer measured up to khz using 5 loading masses. Compared with the strain gauge transducer, the correspondence between data sets o dierent loading masses is not so good. Especially beyond 1 khz the curves drit apart quite widely. One reason or that is perhaps the special construction o this kind o orce transducer. The transducer is a kind o ring which is clamped rom both sides with special screws, so that a certain prestress is created. Both screws can be seen in a mathematical model also as additionally damped spring mass systems, as shown in section 1. The complex vibration between all these coupled spring systems can lead to a more sophisticated behaviour o the orce transducer, as in the previously discussed case o the strain gauge transducer. Especially the bump in the sensitivity around 1 khz might originate rom a cross resonance, due to the special construction o the orce transducer. The obtained sensitivities o the piezoelectric orce transducer can be averaged according to equation 1. The result o this is shown in Figure 3. Thereby, the more straight solid line corresponds to the averaged sensitivity o the masses o 1kg and kg, which were measured without a special adapter. The other curve was obtained rom the data measured with a 6kg and a 10kg top mass, which were mounted with a special adapter. The corresponding dashed lines are the error bands obtained rom the error o the it parameters. In this case, where measurements were done In one case, where the top mass was screwed directly onto the orce transducer, the coupling is very sti and has no inluence on the dynamics; in the other case, the adapter brings an additional sotness to the mounting, which results in a sensitivity loss. The coupling can be modelled according to equation 1 with a damped spring. I a dynamic orce acts now via the top mass on the transducer, energy also goes into the compression o the adapter spring, which will be missed or the compression o the transducer spring. This behaviour can generally be observed; more springs are mounted in between the source o orce and the sensing transducer, as more sensitivity is lost mm Figure 4. Acceleration distribution measured on the surace o the top mass. The illed circles are the measuring points, the shaded area in between was calculated through interpolation o neighbouring measuring points. The big advantage in using a scanning vibrometer is the more detailed measurement o the acceleration. In Figure 4 the acceleration distribution measured on top o a loading mass is illustrated. As one can see, in this special case, there is no uniorm distribution. Due to rocking modes o the top acceleration in m/s
4 mass which might originate rom the kind o coupling to the orce transducer, the acceleration can vary over the surace. Most o the calibrations which were perormed, were normally measured in the middle o the top mass, which do not account or this eect. By averaging all the measured points o the acceleration distribution, one can take into account mechanical inluences, like rocking modes in the calibration result. are shown or three kinds o data sample. The individual uncertainties according to Figure 5 are averaged or each top mass in Figure 6. Thereby, dierent sets o data were chosen: irst, all data o a certain top mass, second, all data up to a requency o 1 khz and, third, all data up to the beginning o the resonance. From this igure, one can conclude that the uncertainty o the acceleration is below 0.5% i the resonance region is avoided. On the other hand, one can see, e.g. on the data obtained with a kg top mass (dashed ellipses), that special inluences, which are initiated, e.g. by an imperect mechanical adaption, can be rapidly detected. In this special case, it might be that the mounting screw thread was not perectly aligned with the middle axis o the mass cylinder. Figure 5. Relative uncertainty o the acceleration obtained rom the averaging o the acceleration distribution measured on the surace o the top mass. Furthermore, the standard deviation resulting rom this can be used or a more realistic uncertainty evaluation o the acceleration measurement. To illustrate the actual situation, in Figure 5, the relative uncertainty o the acceleration is shown as a unction o the requency or our dierent top masses. Thereby, the data points were obtained by the averaging o acceleration scan points. According to Figure 5, the acceleration uncertainty is mainly below 1%, apart rom the data points obtained with the kg loading mass. On the other hand, the inluence o the resonance region leads to higher uncertainties and especially beyond a resonance one will be aced with higher measurement uncertainties. Figure 6. Averaged relative uncertainties or each top mass amplitude normalized data it mech. resonator Frequency in Hz Value rel. dev. % a a a k in N/m E b in kg/s Q Figure 7. Example o a resonance peak measured with a chirp excitation o the orce transducer, together with a it unction (solid line), which was chosen according to equation. The inset table shows the it parameters and their relative deviations. The amplitude was normalized o the peak maximum. As mentioned in section 1, the dynamic measurement can be used to determine the parameter stiness and damping o the orce transducer. According to equation, this parameter can be determined by measuring a resonance peak, as shown in Figure 7. There are several possible ways to obtain such resonance data. In the shown case, the transducer was excited via the shaker system with a chirped excitation. Ater that, the ratio between the signal o the acceleration measured on the top mass to the acceleration measured on the shaker table was calculated, which can be seen in Figure 7. The data can then be itted with the unction o the mechanical resonator according to equation. Each top mass results in a resonance by a dierent requency. From the data pairs, resonance requency and top mass, one can perorm a it according to equation 3, with the stiness as a it parameter. With the knowledge o the stiness, one can calculate the damping actor rom the band width o the peak o the mechanical resonator unction. As shown in Figure 7, the resonance requency and the stiness connected with it, are well determined with quite low uncertainties. In contrast, the damping actor has a slightly higher uncertainty.
5 squared normalized amplitude 1.0 data it Lorentz Value rel. dev. % FWHM k 1.90E b Q Frequency in Hz Figure 8. The square o the amplitude (ratio o the measured accelerations) itted by a Lorentz-Peak. The table shows the it parameter, resonance requency, 0, and the ull width at hal maximum, FWHM=w, according to equation 8. The parameters, stiness, k, in N/m, the damping, b, in kg/s and Q are calculated rom the it parameter. As mentioned above the resonance can also be itted with other peak itting unctions. A good candidate is thereby the Lorentz unction: y = y 0 A w + π 4( x xc) + w From a it o the Lorentz unction one can obtain the oset, y0, the peak area, A, the FWHM, w and the resonance requency, xc. The FWHM can be used to calculate the Q- Value and rom this one can obtain the damping actor according to equation 7. A comparison between the it using the model o the mechanical resonator and the Lorentz peak shows only small dierences in the resonance requency and an approximately 6% deviation in the Q- Value. (8) As seen in Figure 8 the resonance peak has a small tail on the right-hand side. This tail is an indication o a second small underlying peak. To unold this peak rom the main resonance a second Lorentz peak was included in the it procedure. The result shows a very good agreement between the data points and the combined it curve. According to the table with the parameters o the it inside Figure 8, one can see that the width o this second small peak is approximately twice as wide as the main resonance. The origin o this disturbance might come rom the mechanical coupler which connects the top mass to the transducer. Another possibility to obtain the resonance peak is to analyze the ratio o the orce signal to the acceleration measured on the shaker table. In this case the requency response o the conditioning ampliier has to be unolded irst rom the data. It should be noted that or the determination o the damping actor, the described procedure might not be the best choice. Other methods using a step or impulse response might be more suited. 5. CONCLUSION The dynamic calibration o orce transducers using sinusoidal excitations initiated by electromagnetic shaker systems was shown. A main part o such a calibration is the acceleration measurement. By using a scanning vibrometer, it is possible to measure the whole acceleration distribution on the surace o the top mass. From this distribution a more precise uncertainty o the acceleration can be given than in the case o a point measurement. In addition, mechanical inluences like alignment problems or rocking modes can be seen, e.g. rom an asymmetrical distribution. The resonance behaviour o the orce transducer can be used to make a parameter identiication o the orce transducer to obtain the resonance requency, the stiness and the damping value. From the physical point o view the model o the mechanical resonator is the best choice. On the other hand also other peak itting unctions like the Lorentz unction give reasonable results or the parameters. Thereby only very small dierences in the resonance requency and the stiness are obtained, the deviation or the damping actor is only at a low percent level. Acknowledgement The research within the project has received unding rom the European Union on the basis o Decision No 91/009/EC. 6. REFERENCES Figure 9. The resonance peak itted by the combination o two Lorentz peaks. The inset table shows the it parameters o both peaks according to equation 8. The irst parameters correspond to the main resonance. Reerences: [1] F. Tegtmeier, R. Kumme, M. Seidel, Improvement o the realization o orces between MN and 5 MN at PTB the new 5 MN orce standard machine, XIX IMEKO World Congress, pp , Lisbon, 009.
6 [] European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP), [3] R. Kumme, Investigation o a primary method or a dynamic calibration o orce measuring instruments: a contribution to reduce the measuring uncertainty, doctoral thesis (in German), PTB, [4] Ch. Schlegel, G. Kieckenap, B. Glöckner, A. Buß and R. Kumme, Traceable periodic orce Measurement, 01, Metrologia, 49, [5] Ch. Schlegel, G. Kieckenap, B. Glöckner and R. Kumme, Sinusoidal Calibration o Force Transducers Using Electrodynamic Shaker Systems, 01, Sensors & Transducers, Vol. 14-1, [6] M. Kobusch, The 50 kn primary shock orce calibration device at PTB, IMEKO 010, Thailand, Pattaya, November 010. [7] S. Eichstädt, C. Elster, T. J. Esward and J. P. Hessling, Deconvolution ilters or the analysis o dynamic measurement processes: a tutorial, 010, Metrologia, 47, [8] C. Elster and A. Link, Uncertainty evaluation or dynamic measurements modelled by a linear time-invariant system, 008, Metrologia, 45,
UNCERTAINTY EVALUATION OF SINUSOIDAL FORCE MEASUREMENT
XXI IMEKO World Congress Measurement in Research and Industry August 30 eptember 4, 05, Prague, Czech Republic UNCERTAINTY EVALUATION OF INUOIDAL FORCE MEAUREMENT Christian chlegel, Gabriela Kiekenap,Rol
More informationMODEL-BASED ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF A 250 KN SHOCK FORCE CALIBRATION DEVICE
XX IMEKO World Congress Metrology for Green Growth September 9 14, 212, Busan, Republic of Korea MODEL-BASED ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF A 25 KN SHOCK FORCE CALIBRATION DEVICE Michael Kobusch,
More informationCharacterization of Force Transducers for Dynamic Measurements
Characterization of Force Transducers for Dynamic Measurements Michael Kobusch * 1 Introduction The measurement of time-dependent forces has gained particular importance over the past years. In this context,
More informationInvestigations for the model based dynamic calibration of force transducers by using shock excitation
ACTA IMEKO ISSN: 2221 870X June 2015, Volume 4, Number 2, 45 51 Investigations for the model based dynamic calibration of force transducers by using shock excitation Michael Kobusch 1, Sascha Eichstädt
More informationINVESTIGATION OF IMPACT HAMMER CALIBRATIONS
IMEKO 23 rd TC3, 13 th TC5 and 4 th TC22 International Conference 30 May to 1 June, 2017, Helsinki, Finland INVESTIGATION OF IMPACT HAMMER CALIBRATIONS M. Kobusch 1, L. Klaus 1, and L. Muñiz Mendoza 2
More informationModelling of a dynamic torque calibration device and determination of model parameters
ACTA IMEKO June 2014, Volume 3, Number 2, 14 18 www.imeko.org Modelling of a dynamic torque calibration device and determination of model parameters Leonard Klaus, Thomas Bruns, Michael Kobusch Physikalisch-Technische
More informationAnalysis of shock force measurements for the model based dynamic calibration
8 th Worshop on Analysis of Dynamic Measurements May 5-6, 4 Turin Analysis of shoc force measurements for the model based dynamic calibration Michael Kobusch, Sascha Eichstädt, Leonard Klaus, and Thomas
More informationPTB S 16.5 MN HYDRAULIC AMPLIFICATION MACHINE AFTER MODERNIZATION
IMEKO 22 nd TC3, 15 th TC5 and 3 rd TC22 International Conferences 3 to 5 February, 2014, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa PTB S 16.5 MN HYDRAULIC AMPLIFICATION MACHINE AFTER MODERNIZATION R. Kumme
More informationCOMPLETION AND MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY BUDGET OF THE MULTI-COMPONENT MEASURING DEVISE FOR FORCE UP TO 1 MN AND TORQUE UP TO 2 KN M
XXI IMEKO World Congress Measurement in Research and Industry August 30 September 4, 2015, Prague, Czech Republic COMPLETION AND MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY BUDGET OF THE MULTI-COMPONENT MEASURING DEVISE FOR
More informationInvestigation of Piezoelectric Force Measuring Devices in Force Calibration and Force. Standard Machines
Proceedings of the 17 th International Conference on Force, Mass, Torque and Pressure Measurements, Investigation of Piezoelectric Force Measuring Devices in Force Calibration and Force Standard Machines
More informationTechnical Protocol of the CIPM Key Comparison CCAUV.V-K5
Technical Protocol of the CIPM Key Comparison CCAUV.V-K5 2017-03-06 revised 2018-02-13 (changed schedule) Task and Purpose of the Comparison According to the rules set up by the CIPM MRA the consultative
More informationCertification of a High Capacity Force Machine for Testing of Load Cells According to OIML R60
Certification of a High Capacity Force Machine for Testing of Load Cells According to OIML R60 Bernd Meißner Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Weighing Instruments Laboratory Braunschweig Abstract
More informationDynamic characterization of multi-component sensors for force and moment
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 7, 577 586, 2018 https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-7-577-2018 Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Dynamic characterization of multi-component
More informationModel parameter identification from measurement data as a prerequisite for dynamic torque calibration Measurement results and validation
ACTA IMEKO ISSN: 2221 870X November 2016, Volume 5, Number 3, 55 63 Model parameter identification from measurement data as a prerequisite for dynamic torque calibration Measurement results and validation
More informationTHE NEW 1.1 MN m TORQUE STANDARD MACHINE OF THE PTB BRAUNSCHWEIG/GERMANY
THE NEW 1.1 MN m TORQUE STANDARD MACHINE OF THE PTB BRAUNSCHWEIG/GERMANY D. Peschel 1, D. Mauersberger 1, D. Schwind 2, U. Kolwinski 2 1 Solid mechanics department, PTB, Germany 2 Gassmann Theiss Messtechnik
More informationIncreased Requirements for Higher Nominal Forces, Necessities and Possibilities to Measure Them
B 3.1 Increased Requirements for Higher Nominal Forces, Necessities and Possibilities to Measure Them Dr. Schäfer, André Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH Im Tiefen See 45, 64293 Darmstadt andre.schaefer@hbm.com
More informationTechnical Protocol of the Bilateral Comparison in Primary Angular Vibration Calibration CCAUV.V-S1
Technical Protocol of the Bilateral Comparison in Primary Angular Vibration Calibration CCAUV.V-S1 Updated at 12-December-2012 Task and Purpose of the Comparison According to the rules set up by the CIPM
More informationINVESTIGATION OF TRANSFER STANDARDS IN THE HIGHEST RANGE UP TO 50 MN WITHIN EMRP PROJECT SIB 63 Falk Tegtmeier 1, Michael Wagner 2, Rolf Kumme 3
XXI IMEKO World Congress Measurement in Research and Industry August 30 September 4, 2015, Prague, Czech Republic INVESTIGATION OF TRANSFER STANDARDS IN THE HIGHEST RANGE UP TO 50 MN WITHIN EMRP PROJECT
More informationXIX IMEKO World Congress Fundamental and Applied Metrology September 6 11, 2009, Lisbon, Portugal
XIX IMEKO World Congress Fundamental and Applied Metrology September 6 11, 9, Lisbon, Portugal IMPROVEMENT OF METROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTI S 11 kn FORCE STANDARD MACHINE BY USING THE CENAM S SIX-COMPONENT
More informationTRACEABILITY STRATEGIES FOR THE CALIBRATION OF GEAR AND SPLINE ARTEFACTS
TRACEABILITY STRATEGIES FOR THE CALIBRATION OF GEAR AND SPLINE ARTEFACTS W. Beyer and W. Pahl Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) 38116 Braunschweig, Germany Abstract: In accordance with ISO 17025,
More information(Refer Slide Time: 1: 19)
Mechanical Measurements and Metrology Prof. S. P. Venkateshan Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Module - 4 Lecture - 46 Force Measurement So this will be lecture
More informationForce/Torque measuring facility for friction coefficient and multicomponent
DOI 10.516/sensor013/A1. Force/Torque measuring facility for friction coefficient and multicomponent sensors S. Baumgarten 1, D. Röske 1, H. Kahmann 1, D. Mauersberger 1 and R. Kumme 1 1 Physikalisch-Technische
More informationUNCERTAINTY IN TORQUE CALIBRATION USING VERTICAL TORQUE AXIS ARRANGEMENT AND SYMMETRICAL TWO FORCE MEASUREMENT
UNCERTAINTY IN TORQUE CALIBRATION USING VERTICAL TORQUE AXIS ARRANGEMENT AND SYMMETRICAL TWO FORCE MEASUREMENT Dieter Kenzler 1, Jörg Oblasser 2, Andreas Subaric-Leitis 2 and Christian Ullner 2 1 ) SCHATZ
More informationReferences Ideal Nyquist Channel and Raised Cosine Spectrum Chapter 4.5, 4.11, S. Haykin, Communication Systems, Wiley.
Baseand Data Transmission III Reerences Ideal yquist Channel and Raised Cosine Spectrum Chapter 4.5, 4., S. Haykin, Communication Systems, iley. Equalization Chapter 9., F. G. Stremler, Communication Systems,
More informationECE 2100 Lecture notes Wed, 1/22/03
HW #4, due, /24 Ch : 34, 37, 43 ECE 0 Lecture notes Wed, /22/03 Exercises: 2., 2.2, 2.4, 2.5 Stu or hints etc., see lecture notes or, /7 Problem Sessions: W, :50-2:40 am, WBB 22 (tall brick geology building),
More informationIntroduction. Methods of vibration control
ISSN: 394-3696 VOLUME 1, ISSUE DEC-014 Identiication o coulomb, viscous and particle damping parameters rom the response o SDOF harmonically orced linear oscillator Mr.U.L.Anuse. Department o Mechanical
More informationOpen Access Dynamic Parameters Identification for the Feeding System of Commercial Numerical Control Machine
Send Orders or Reprints to reprints@benthamscience.net The Open Automation and Control Systems Journal, 13, 5, 161-166 161 Open Access Dynamic Parameters Identiication or the Feeding System o Commercial
More informationOn Non-Ideal Simple Portal Frame Structural Model: Experimental Results Under A Non-Ideal Excitation
On Non-Ideal Simple Portal Frame Structural Model: Experimental Results Under A Non-Ideal Excitation J M Balthazar 1,a, RMLRF Brasil,b and FJ Garzeri 3, c 1 State University of São Paulo at Rio Claro,
More informationUNCERTAINTY SCOPE OF THE FORCE CALIBRATION MACHINES. A. Sawla Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Bundesallee 100, D Braunschweig, Germany
Measurement - Supports Science - Improves Technology - Protects Environment... and Provides Employment - No and in the Future Vienna, AUSTRIA, 000, September 5-8 UNCERTAINTY SCOPE OF THE FORCE CALIBRATION
More informationFatigue verification of high loaded bolts of a rocket combustion chamber.
Fatigue veriication o high loaded bolts o a rocket combustion chamber. Marcus Lehmann 1 & Dieter Hummel 1 1 Airbus Deence and Space, Munich Zusammenassung Rocket engines withstand intense thermal and structural
More informationLecture 19. Measurement of Solid-Mechanical Quantities (Chapter 8) Measuring Strain Measuring Displacement Measuring Linear Velocity
MECH 373 Instrumentation and Measurements Lecture 19 Measurement of Solid-Mechanical Quantities (Chapter 8) Measuring Strain Measuring Displacement Measuring Linear Velocity Measuring Accepleration and
More informationT e c h n i c a l L e x i c o n
T e c h n i c a l L e x i c o n T e r m s f r o m F o r c e a n d t o r q u e m e a s u r e m e n t t e c h n o l o g y a n d G T M d a t a s h e e t s Technisches Lexikon (eng.) 16/10/14 Introduction
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF MEASUREMENT STANDARD FOR DYNAMIC PRESSURE AT MIKES
DEVELOPMENT OF MEASUREMENT STANDARD FOR DYNAMIC PRESSURE AT MIKES Sari Saxholm, Antti Lakka, Martti Heinonen, Kari Riski MIKES, Centre for Metrology and Accreditation Tekniikantie 1, Espoo Finland telephone:
More informationLecture 20. Measuring Pressure and Temperature (Chapter 9) Measuring Pressure Measuring Temperature MECH 373. Instrumentation and Measurements
MECH 373 Instrumentation and Measurements Lecture 20 Measuring Pressure and Temperature (Chapter 9) Measuring Pressure Measuring Temperature 1 Measuring Acceleration and Vibration Accelerometers using
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF DROP WEIGHT IMPACT TEST MACHINE
CHAPTER-8 DEVELOPMENT OF DROP WEIGHT IMPACT TEST MACHINE 8.1 Introduction The behavior of materials is different when they are subjected to dynamic loading [9]. The testing of materials under dynamic conditions
More informationA Systematic Approach to Frequency Compensation of the Voltage Loop in Boost PFC Pre- regulators.
A Systematic Approach to Frequency Compensation o the Voltage Loop in oost PFC Pre- regulators. Claudio Adragna, STMicroelectronics, Italy Abstract Venable s -actor method is a systematic procedure that
More informationMaterial properties and vibration isolation Technical information
Material properties and vibration isolation Technical inormation General inormation on Sylomer Sylomer is a special PUR elastomer manuactured by Getzner, which eatures a cellular, compact orm and is used
More informationME 328 Machine Design Vibration handout (vibrations is not covered in text)
ME 38 Machine Design Vibration handout (vibrations is not covered in text) The ollowing are two good textbooks or vibrations (any edition). There are numerous other texts o equal quality. M. L. James,
More informationMETHODS TO CONFIRM THE MEASUREMENT CAPABILITY OF THE FORCE STANDARD MACHINES AFTER REINSTALLATION
IMEKO 22 nd TC3, 12 th TC5 and 3 rd TC22 International Conferences 3 to 5 February, 2014, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa METHODS TO CONFIRM THE MEASUREMENT CAPABILITY OF THE FORCE STANDARD MACHINES
More informationFundamentals of Low Intensity Shock Calibration
Low intensity shock metrology for safety related applications Fundamentals of Low Intensity Shock Calibration Speaker : Yu-Chung Huang Date : 2014.08.20 Center for Measurement Standards/ Industrial Technology
More informationMEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTIES
MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTIES What distinguishes science rom philosophy is that it is grounded in experimental observations. These observations are most striking when they take the orm o a quantitative measurement.
More informationAnalysis of Friction-Induced Vibration Leading to Eek Noise in a Dry Friction Clutch. Abstract
The 22 International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering Dearborn, MI, USA. August 19-21, 22 Analysis o Friction-Induced Vibration Leading to Eek Noise in a Dry Friction Clutch P. Wickramarachi
More informationChapter 7 Vibration Measurement and Applications
Chapter 7 Vibration Measurement and Applications Dr. Tan Wei Hong School of Mechatronic Engineering Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) Pauh Putra Campus ENT 346 Vibration Mechanics Chapter Outline 7.1
More informationTraceability of on-machine measurements under a wide range of working conditions
Traceability of on-machine measurements under a wide range of working conditions Frank Keller, Matthias Franke, Norbert Gerwien, Lisa Groos, Christian Held, Klaus Wendt Traceable in-process dimensional
More informationLeast-Squares Spectral Analysis Theory Summary
Least-Squares Spectral Analysis Theory Summary Reerence: Mtamakaya, J. D. (2012). Assessment o Atmospheric Pressure Loading on the International GNSS REPRO1 Solutions Periodic Signatures. Ph.D. dissertation,
More informationtwo structural analysis (statics & mechanics) Structural Requirements Structure Requirements Structure Requirements serviceability efficiency
LIED RCHITECTURL STRUCTURES: STRUCTURL NLYSIS ND SYSTEMS DR. NNE NICHOLS SRING 018 lecture two structural analysis (statics & mechanics) nalysis 1 pplied rchitectural Structures 009abn Structural Requirements
More informationThe achievable limits of operational modal analysis. * Siu-Kui Au 1)
The achievable limits o operational modal analysis * Siu-Kui Au 1) 1) Center or Engineering Dynamics and Institute or Risk and Uncertainty, University o Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GH, United Kingdom 1)
More informationManufacturing Remaining Stresses in Truck Frame Rail's Fatigue Life Prediction
Manuacturing Remaining Stresses in Truck Frame Rail's Fatigue Lie Prediction Claudiomar C. Cunha & Carlos A. N. Dias MSX International & Department o Naval Engineering EPUSP/USP/Brazil Department o Mechanical
More informationVibration modelling of machine tool structures
Vibration modelling of machine tool structures F. Haase, S. Lockwood & D.G. Ford The Precision Engineering Centre, University of Huddersfield (UK) Abstract Productivity in modem machine tools is acheved
More informationAcoustic forcing of flexural waves and acoustic fields for a thin plate in a fluid
Acoustic orcing o leural waves and acoustic ields or a thin plate in a luid Darryl MCMAHON Maritime Division, Deence Science and Technology Organisation, HMAS Stirling, WA Australia ABSTACT Consistency
More informationVibration Measurements Vibration Instrumentation. MCE371: Vibrations. Prof. Richter. Department of Mechanical Engineering. Handout 11 Fall 2011
MCE371: Vibrations Prof. Richter Department of Mechanical Engineering Handout 11 Fall 2011 Overview of Vibration Measurements Follow Palm, Sect. pp 425-430 and 559-562. Additional references: Holman, J.P.,
More informationRobust and Miniaturized Interferometric Distance Sensor for In-Situ Turning Process Monitoring
Robust and Miniaturized Interferometric Distance Sensor for In-Situ Turning Process Monitoring F. Dreier, P. Günther, T. Pfister, J. Czarske, Technische Universität Dresden, Laboratory for Measuring and
More informationPROGRESS IN DEVELOPMENT OF CALIBRATION SYSTEMS FOR ANGULAR VIBRATION PICKUPS
XIX IMEKO World Congress Fundamental and Applied Metrology September 6 11, 2009, Lisbon, Portugal PROGRESS IN DEVELOPMENT OF CALIBRATION SYSTEMS FOR ANGULAR VIBRATION PICKUPS Wan-Sup Cheung 1 and Troben
More informationTLT-5200/5206 COMMUNICATION THEORY, Exercise 3, Fall TLT-5200/5206 COMMUNICATION THEORY, Exercise 3, Fall Problem 1.
TLT-5/56 COMMUNICATION THEORY, Exercise 3, Fall Problem. The "random walk" was modelled as a random sequence [ n] where W[i] are binary i.i.d. random variables with P[W[i] = s] = p (orward step with probability
More informationRepresentation of Coriolis forces and simulation procedures for moving fluid-conveying pipes
Representation o Coriolis orces and simulation procedures or moving luid-conveying pipes Jörg Gebhardt*, Frank Kassubek** *ABB Corporate Research Center Germany, Department or Automation Device Technologies,
More information10 Measurement of Acceleration, Vibration and Shock Transducers
Chapter 10: Acceleration, Vibration and Shock Measurement Dr. Lufti Al-Sharif (Revision 1.0, 25/5/2008) 1. Introduction This chapter examines the measurement of acceleration, vibration and shock. It starts
More informationNonlinear Force Factor Measurement of an Electrodynamic Loudspeaker
Nonlinear Force Factor Measurement of an Electrodynamic Loudspeaker Antonin Novak Orkidia Audio, 64310 Ascain, France Pierrick Lotton Laurent Simon Summary An electrodynamic loudspeaker is usually characterized
More informationResearch of Influence of Vibration Impact of the Basis in the Micromechanical Gyroscope
Research o Inluence o Vibration Impact o the Basis in the Micromechanical Gyroscope GALINA VAVILOVA OLGA GALTSEVA INNA PLOTNIKOVA Institute o Non-Destructive Testing National Research Tomsk Polytechnic
More informationNew method for two-point nonuniformity correction of microbolometer detectors
10 th International Conerence on Quantitative InraRed Thermography July 27-30, 2010, Québec (Canada) New method or two-point nonuniormity correction o microbolometer detectors by R. Olbrycht*, B. Wiecek*,
More informationAnalog Computing Technique
Analog Computing Technique by obert Paz Chapter Programming Principles and Techniques. Analog Computers and Simulation An analog computer can be used to solve various types o problems. It solves them in
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL ACTIVE ISOLATION CONCEPT 1
DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL ACTIVE ISOLATION CONCEPT 1 Michiel J. Vervoordeldonk, Theo A.M. Ruijl, Rob M.G. Rijs Philips Centre for Industrial Technology, PO Box 518, 5600 MD Eindhoven, The Netherlands 2 1
More informationMODELLING OF VIBRATION WITH ABSORBER
Journal of Machine Engineering, Vol. 10, No.4, 2010 mumerical modelling, Simulink, vibration, machine, absorber Jiří VONDŘICH 1 Evžen THÖNDE 1 Slavomír JIRKŮ 1 MODEING OF VIBRATION WITH ABSORBER Machine
More informationAerodynamic Admittance Function of Tall Buildings
Aerodynamic Admittance Function o Tall Buildings in hou a Ahsan Kareem b a alou Engineering Int l, Inc., 75 W. Campbell Rd, Richardson, T, USA b Nataz odeling Laboratory, Uniersity o Notre Dame, Notre
More informationOutput intensity measurement on a diagnostic ultrasound machine using a calibrated thermoacoustic sensor
Institute of Physics Publishing Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1 (2004) 140 145 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1/1/032 Advanced Metrology for Ultrasound in Medicine Output intensity measurement on a diagnostic
More informationChapter 8: Converter Transfer Functions
Chapter 8. Converter Transer Functions 8.1. Review o Bode plots 8.1.1. Single pole response 8.1.2. Single zero response 8.1.3. Right hal-plane zero 8.1.4. Frequency inversion 8.1.5. Combinations 8.1.6.
More informationHOMOGENEOUS ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS APPLIED TO VIBRATION CONTROL
HOMOGENEOUS ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS APPLIED TO VIBRATION CONTROL A.K. El Wahed Division of Mechanical Engineering & Mechatronics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee.
More informationLetters to the editor
Letters to the editor Dear Editor, I read with considerable interest the article by Bruno Putzeys in Linear udio Vol 1, The F- word - or, why there is no such thing as too much eedback. In his excellent
More informationOne-Dimensional Motion Review IMPORTANT QUANTITIES Name Symbol Units Basic Equation Name Symbol Units Basic Equation Time t Seconds Velocity v m/s
One-Dimensional Motion Review IMPORTANT QUANTITIES Name Symbol Units Basic Equation Name Symbol Units Basic Equation Time t Seconds Velocity v m/s v x t Position x Meters Speed v m/s v t Length l Meters
More informationEFFECT OF BACKREST INCLINATION ON APPARENT MASS AT THE SEAT AND THE BACKREST DURING VERTICAL WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION
EFFECT OF BACKREST INCLINATION ON APPARENT MASS AT THE SEAT AND THE BACKREST DURING VERTICAL WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION Mingming Yang, Yi Qiu, and Michael J. Griin Human Factors Research Unit Institute o Sound
More informationMEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY OF ROTATING TORQUE TRANSDUCERS WHEN USED IN PARTIAL LOAD RANGES
XVIII IMEKO WORLD CONGRESS Metrology for a Sustainable Development September, 17, 006, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY OF ROTATING TORQUE TRANSDUCERS WHEN USED IN PARTIAL LOAD RANGES Georg
More informationACTIVE VIBRATION CONTROL PROTOTYPING IN ANSYS: A VERIFICATION EXPERIMENT
ACTIVE VIBRATION CONTROL PROTOTYPING IN ANSYS: A VERIFICATION EXPERIMENT Ing. Gergely TAKÁCS, PhD.* * Institute of Automation, Measurement and Applied Informatics Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Slovak
More informationEVALUATION OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC PARASSITIC COMPONENTS ON THE INRIM 1 MN PRIMARY FORCE STANDARD MACHINE BY MEANS THE 500 kn SIX-COMPONENT DYNAMOMETER
XIX IMEKO World Congress Fundamental and Applied Metrology September 6 11, 2009, Lisbon, Portugal EVALUATION OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC PARASSITIC COMPONENTS ON THE INRIM 1 MN PRIMARY FORCE STANDARD MACHINE
More informationDesign criteria for Fiber Reinforced Rubber Bearings
Design criteria or Fiber Reinorced Rubber Bearings J. M. Kelly Earthquake Engineering Research Center University o Caliornia, Berkeley A. Calabrese & G. Serino Department o Structural Engineering University
More informationsensors ISSN
Sensors 1, 1, 744-756; doi:1.339/s17744 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 144-8 www.mdpi.com/journal/sensors Article Investigation o the Frequency Shit o a SAD Circuit Loop and the Internal Micro-Cantilever in
More informationROBUST STABILITY AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF UNSTABLE PROCESS WITH DEAD TIME USING Mu SYNTHESIS
ROBUST STABILITY AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF UNSTABLE PROCESS WITH DEAD TIME USING Mu SYNTHESIS I. Thirunavukkarasu 1, V. I. George 1, G. Saravana Kumar 1 and A. Ramakalyan 2 1 Department o Instrumentation
More information4 Experimental study of a real size vibro-impact system for the RHD
4 Experimental study of a real size vibro-impact system for the RHD In this chapter the application of a vibro-impact system for improving the drilling performance of oil well drilling will be considered.
More information2. (a) Differentiate between rare metal thermocouples and base metal thermocouples.
Code No: R05410304 Set No. 1 1. (a) Distinguish between direct and indirect methods of measurement with suitable examples. (b) What are desired, modifying and interfering inputs for an instrumentation
More informationNovel Thermal Analysis Model of the Foot-Shoe Sole Interface during Gait Motion
Proceedings Novel Thermal Analysis Model o the Foot-Shoe Sole Interace during Gait Motion Yasuhiro Shimazaki * and Kazutoshi Aisaka Department o Human Inormation Engineering, Okayama Preectural University,
More informationOpen Access Repository eprint
Open Access Repository eprint Terms and Conditions: Users may access, download, store, search and print a hard copy of the article. Copying must be limited to making a single printed copy or electronic
More informationOptical Method for Micro Force Measurement. Yusaku FUJII Gunma University
Optical Method for Micro Force Measurement Yusaku FUJII Gunma University Small Force (1mN to 1N ) It is difficult to generate and evaluate small force, properly. The causes of the Difficulties in measuring
More informationProceedings of Meetings on Acoustics
Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics Volume 19, 213 http://acousticalsociety.org/ ICA 213 Montreal Montreal, Canada 2-7 June 213 Engineering Acoustics Session 3aEA: Computational Methods in Transducer
More informationUltra Fast Calculation of Temperature Profiles of VLSI ICs in Thermal Packages Considering Parameter Variations
Ultra Fast Calculation o Temperature Proiles o VLSI ICs in Thermal Packages Considering Parameter Variations Je-Hyoung Park, Virginia Martín Hériz, Ali Shakouri, and Sung-Mo Kang Dept. o Electrical Engineering,
More informationCreation of the π angle standard for the flat angle measurements
Journal of Physics: Conference Series Creation of the π angle standard for the flat angle measurements To cite this article: V Giniotis and M Rybokas 010 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 38 0104 View the article online
More informationDisplacement at very low frequencies produces very low accelerations since:
SEISMOLOGY The ability to do earthquake location and calculate magnitude immediately brings us into two basic requirement of instrumentation: Keeping accurate time and determining the frequency dependent
More informationTHE NEW WATT BALANCE EXPERIMENT AT METAS
XX IMEKO World Congress Metrology for Green Growth September 9 14, 2012, Busan, Republic of Korea THE NEW WATT BALANCE EXPERIMENT AT METAS H. Baumann, A. Eichenberger, B. Jeckelmann, Ch. Beguin +, R. Clavel,
More informationTransactions on the Built Environment vol 22, 1996 WIT Press, ISSN
A shock damage potential approach to shock testing D.H. Trepess Mechanical Subject Group, School of Engineering, Coventry University, Coventry CVl 5FB, UK A shock damage (excitation capacity) approach
More informationCoupling System for Ultra Precision Machining
Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation 6 (2016) 301-306 doi: 10.17265/2159-5275/2016.06.006 D DAVID PUBLISHING Eike Foremny, Christian Schenck and Bernd Kuhfuss Bremen Institute for Mechanical
More informationFrancisco Paulo Lépore Neto. Marcelo Braga dos Santos. Introduction 1. Nomenclature. Experimental Apparatus and Formulation
Francisco Paulo Lépore Neto and Marcelo Braga dos Santos Francisco Paulo Lépore Neto fplepore@mecanica.ufu.br Federal University of Uberlandia School of Mechanical Engineering 38408-902 Uberlandia, MG,
More informationResonant Column and Torsional Cyclic Shear System
Resonant Column and Torsional Cyclic Shear System Combined Resonant Column (RC) & Torsional Cyclic Shear (TCS) Test apparatus to determinate with saturated soil : Shear Modulus Damping Modulus versus Shear
More informationOBSERVER/KALMAN AND SUBSPACE IDENTIFICATION OF THE UBC BENCHMARK STRUCTURAL MODEL
OBSERVER/KALMAN AND SUBSPACE IDENTIFICATION OF THE UBC BENCHMARK STRUCTURAL MODEL Dionisio Bernal, Burcu Gunes Associate Proessor, Graduate Student Department o Civil and Environmental Engineering, 7 Snell
More informationfour mechanics of materials Mechanics of Materials Mechanics of Materials Knowledge Required MECHANICS MATERIALS
EEMENTS OF RCHITECTUR STRUCTURES: FORM, BEHVIOR, ND DESIGN DR. NNE NICHOS SRING 2016 Mechanics o Materials MECHNICS MTERIS lecture our mechanics o materials www.carttalk.com Mechanics o Materials 1 S2009abn
More information774. Tribological adhesion of particles in acoustic field
774. Tribological adhesion o particles in acoustic ield Vladas Vekteris 1 Vytautas Striška Vadim Mokšin 3 Darius Ozarovskis 4 Rolandas Zaremba 5 Vilnius Gediminas Technical University Department o Machine
More informationThu June 16 Lecture Notes: Lattice Exercises I
Thu June 6 ecture Notes: attice Exercises I T. Satogata: June USPAS Accelerator Physics Most o these notes ollow the treatment in the class text, Conte and MacKay, Chapter 6 on attice Exercises. The portions
More informationANNEXE 8. Technical protocols for the interlaboratory comparisons
ANNEXE 8 Technical protocols for the interlaboratory comparisons TECHNICAL PROTOCOL FOR BILATERAL COMPARISON (Magnitude of the complex charge sensitivity of accelerometers) EURAMET.AUV.V-S1 1. INTRODUCTION
More informationL11 Virtual prototyping in machine tool design
Simulation and Control of Production Plants L11 Virtual prototyping in machine tool design Dipl.-Ing. Dipl.-Wirt. Ing. Benedikt Sitte Steinbachstr. 53 B, Room 408 Tel.: 0241/80-27441 b.sitte@wzl.rwth-aachen.de
More informationVector blood velocity estimation in medical ultrasound
Vector blood velocity estimation in medical ultrasound Jørgen Arendt Jensen, Fredrik Gran Ørsted DTU, Building 348, Technical University o Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark Jesper Udesen, Michael Bachmann
More informationSystem Identification & Parameter Estimation
System Identiication & Parameter Estimation Wb30: SIPE Lecture 9: Physical Modeling, Model and Parameter Accuracy Erwin de Vlugt, Dept. o Biomechanical Engineering BMechE, Fac. 3mE April 6 00 Delt University
More informationMetrological Characterization of a Primary Vickers Hardness Standard Machine - NIS Egypt
MAPAN Metrological - Journal of Metrology Characterization Society of a India, Primary Vol. Vickers 5, No. Hardness, 00; pp. Standard -7 Machine - NIS Egypt ORIGINAL ARTICLE Metrological Characterization
More informationHybrid modelling and simulation of a computer numerical control machine tool feed drive
1 Hybrid modelling and simulation of a computer numerical control machine tool feed drive C Pislaru*,DGFordand G Holroyd Ultra Precision Engineering Centre, University of Huddersfield, UK Abstract: The
More informationIFB270 Advanced Electronic Circuits
IFB270 Advanced Electronic Circuits Chapter 0: Ampliier requency response Pro. Manar Mohaisen Department o EEC Engineering Review o the Precedent Lecture Reviewed o the JFET and MOSFET Explained and analyzed
More information