THE PROPERTIES OF GASES AND LIQUIDS

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1 THE PROPERTIES OF GASES AND LIQUIDS Bruce E. Poling University of Toledo John M. Prausnitz University of California at Berkeley John P. O'Connell University of Virginia Fifth Edition McGRAW-HILL New York San Francisco Washington, D.C. Auckland Bogota Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Delhi San Juan Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto

2 CONTENTS Preface vii Chapter 1 The Estimation of Physical Properties Introduction / Estimation of Properties / Types of Estimation / Organization of the Book / 1.6 Chapter 2 Pure Component Constants Scope / Vapor-Liquid Critical Properties / Acentric Factor / Boiling and Freezing Points / Discussion of Estimation Methods for Pure Component Constants / Dipole Moments / Availability of Data and Computer Software / 2.35 Chapter 3 Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases Scope and Definitions / Estimation Methods / Method of Joback / Method of Constantinou and Gani (CG) / Method of Benson [1968; 1969] / Discussion and Recommendations / Heat of Combustion / 3.47 Chapter 4 Pressure-Volume-Temperature Relationships of Pure Gases and Liquids Scope / Introduction to Volumetrie Properties / Corresponding States Principle / Equations of State / Virial Equation of State / Analytical Equations of State / Nonanalytic Equations of State / Discussion of Equations of State / PVT Properties of Liquids General Considerations / 4.32 iii

3 iv CONTENTS 4-10 Estimation of the Liquid Molar Volume at the Normal Boiling Point / Saturated Liquid Densities as a Function of Temperature / Compressed Liquid Densities / 4.43 Chapter 5 Pressure-Volume-Temperature Relationships of Mixtures Scope / Mixture Properties General Discussion / Corresponding States Principle (CSP): The Pseudocntical Method / Virial Equations of State for Mixtures / Analytical Equations of State for Mixtures / Nonanalytic Equations of State for Mixtures / Discussion of Mixture Equations of State / Densities of Liquid Mixtures at Their Bubble Point / Densities of Compressed Liquid Mixtures / 5.26 Chapter 6 Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Components and Mixtures Scope / Fundamental Thermodynamic Relationships for Pure Components / Departure Functions for Thermodynamic Properties / Evaluation of Departure Functions for Equations of State / Heat Capacities of Real Gases / Heat Capacities of Liquids / Partial Properties and Fugacities of Components in Mixtures / True Critical Points of Mixtures / 6.30 Chapter 7 Vapor Pressures and Enthalpies of Vaporization of Pure Fluids Scope / Theory / Correlation and Extrapolation of Vapor-Pressure Data / Ambrose-Walton Corresponding-States Method / Riedel Corresponding-States Method / Discussion and Recommendations for Vapor-Pressure Estimation and Correlation / Enthalpy of Vaporization of Pure Compounds / Estimation of AH from Vapor-Pressure Equations / Estimation of AH 0 from the Law of Corresponding States / AH at the Normal Boiling Point / Variation of AH with Temperature / Discussion and Recommendations for Enthalpy of Vaporization / Enthalpy of Fusion / Enthalpy of Sublimation; Vapor Pressures of Solids / 7.28 Chapter 8 Fluid Phase Equilibria in Multicomponent Systems Scope / Thermodynamics of Vapor-Liquid Equilibria / 8.9

4 CONTENTS v 8-3 Fugacity of a Pure Liquid / Simplifications in the Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Relation / Activity Coefficients; Gibbs-Duham Equation and Excess Gibbs Energy / Calculation of Low-Pressure Binary Vapor-Liquid Equilibria with Activity Coefficients / Effect of Temperature on Low-Pressure Vapor-Liquid Equilibria / Binary Vapor-Liquid Equilibria: Low-Pressure Examples / Multicomponent Vapor-Liquid Equilibria at Low Pressure / Determination of Activity Coefficients / Phase Equilibrium with Henry's Law / Vapor-Liquid Equilibria with Equations of State / Solubilities of Solids in High-Pressure Gases / Liquid-Liquid Equilibria / Phase Equilibria in Polymer Solutions / Solubilities of Solids in Liquids / Aqueous Solutions of Electrolytes / Concluding Remarks / Chapter 9 Viscosity Scope / Definitions of Units of Viscosity / Theory of Gas Transport Properties / Estimation of Low-Pressure Gas Viscosity / Viscosities of Gas Mixtures at Low Pressures / Effect of Pressure on the Viscosity of Pure Gases / Viscosity of Gas Mixtures at High Pressures / Liquid Viscosity / Effect of High Pressure on Liquid Viscosity / Effect of Temperature on Liquid Viscosity / Estimation of Low-Temperature Liquid Viscosity / Estimation of Liquid Viscosity at High Temperatures / Liquid Mixture Viscosity / 9.77 Chapter 10 Thermal Conductivity Scope / Theory of Thermal Conductivity / Thermal Conductivities of Polyatomic Gases / Effect of Temperature on the Low-Pressure Thermal Conductivities of Gases / Effect of Pressure on the Thermal Conductivities of Gases / Thermal Conductivities of Low-Pressure Gas Mixtures / Thermal Conductivities of Gas Mixtures at High Pressures / Thermal Conductivities of Liquids / Estimation of the Thermal Conductivities of Pure Liquids / Effect of Temperature on the Thermal Conductivities of Liquids / Effect of Pressure on the Thermal Conductivities of Liquids / Thermal Conductivities of Liquid Mixtures / Chapter 11 Diffusion Coefficients Scope / 11.1

5 vi CONTENTS 11-2 Basic Concepts and Definitions / Diffusion Coefficients for Binary Gas Systems at Low Pressures: Prediction from Theory / Diffusion Coefficients for Binary Gas Systems at Low Pressures: Empirical Correlations / The Effect of Pressure on the Binary Diffusion Coefficients of Gases / The Effect of Temperature on Diffusion in Gases / Diffusion in Multicomponent Gas Mixtures / Diffusion in Liquids: Theory / Estimation of Binary Liquid Diffusion Coefficients at Infinite Dilution / Concentration Dependence of Binary Liquid Diffusion Coefficients / The Effects of Temperature and Pressure on Diffusion in Liquids / Diffusion in Multicomponent Liquid Mixtures / Diffusion in Electrolyte Solutions / Chapter 12 Surface Tension Scope / Introduction / Estimation of Pure-Liquid Surface Tension / Variation of Pure-Liquid Surface Tension with Temperature / Surface Tensions of Mixtures / Appendix A Property Data Bank A.1 Appendix B Lennard-Jones Potentials as Determined from Viscosity Data B.1 Appendix C Group Contributions for Multiproperty Methods C.1 Index follows Appendix C

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