Week 2. Energy, Energy Transfer, And General Energy Analysis
|
|
- Elwin Wade
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Week 2. Energy, Energy Transfer, And General Energy Analysis
2 Objectives 1. Introduce the concept of energy and define its various forms 2. Discuss the nature of internal energy 3. Define the concept of heat and the terminology associated with energy transfer by heat 4. Discuss the three mechanisms of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation 5. Define the concept of work, including electrical work and several forms of mechanical work 6. Introduce the first law of thermodynamics, energy balances, and mechanisms of energy transfer to or from a system 7. Determine that a fluid flowing across a control surface of a control volume carries energy across the control surface in addition to any energy transfer across the control surface that may be in the form of heat and/or work 8. Define energy conversion efficiencies 9. Discuss the implications of energy conversion on the environment
3 Forms of Energy Macroscopic Forms: those that related to motion and the influence of some external effects (e.g. Kinetic and Potential energy) Microscopic Forms: those that related to the molecular structure of system and the degree of the molecular activity (e.g. Internal energy) Energy - Kinetic Energy : result of its motion V V KE = m (kj); ke = (kj/kg) - Potential Energy : result of its elevation in a gravitational field PE = mgz (kj); pe = gz (kj/kg) Total Energy V E = U + KE + PE = U + m 2 2 V e = u + ke + pe = u + + gz mgz (kj/kg) (kj)
4 Total Energy
5 Summary PE KE TE = + + PE KE IE KE PE PE KE
6 Forms of Energy II Stationary system: a closed systems whose velocity and elevation of the center of gravity remain constant during a process D E = DU Flow rate: the amount of properties flowing through a cross section per unit time ex) mass flow rate, volume flow rate, energy flow rate m& = r Av (kg/s) V& = Av 3 (m /s) E& = me & (kj/s or kw)
7 Summary PE KE
8 Some Physical Insight to Internal Energy Sensible Energy : Energy associated with the kinetic energies of the molecules proportional to the temperature Latent Energy : Energy associated with the phase of a system Chemical Energy : Energy associated with the atomic bonds Nuclear Energy : Energy associated with the strong bonds within the nucleus Two forms of energy interactions: Heat transfer and Work
9 Energy Transfer by Heat Heat: the form of energy that is transferred between two systems (or a system and its surroundings) by virtue of a temperature difference Heat simply means heat transfer in thermodynamics Adiabatic Process : A process during which there is no heat transfer - Well insulated boundary - Isothermal process (Caution! Adiabatic Process ß Isothermal process)
10 Heat Transfer Convection Radiation Conduction Radiation Convection
11 Energy Transfer by Work Work: energy transfer associated with a force acting through a distance Heat and Work are directional quantities requires magnitude & direction Heat transfer to a system & work done by a system : + Heat transfer from a system & Wonk done on a system : Heat and Work are boundary phenomena Systems possess energy, but not heat or work Both are associated with a process (path functions) Gain + Lose - Spend - Produce +
12 Mechanical Forms of Work Work: done by a constant force F on a body displaced a distance s in the direction of the force d W = Fdx = PAdx = PdV W V 2 = ò PdV (kj) V 1 P Final state Process Path 2 Initial state Expansion and compression work 1 V 2 V 1 V The P-V diagram of a compression process Shaft work, Spring work, work done on elastic solid bars, work associated with the stretching of a liquid film
13 Summary? Energy: How can I transfer into the system? System: What is Energy thinking about? Energy: Yes, Heat transfer and Work transfer
14 Summary
15 Summary - Work + Work
16 Denotation Common denotation about heat and work - Q, W : the amount of heat transferred and work done during the process between two states (kj) - q, w : heat and work transfer and work done per unit mass of a system Q&, W& Q W q =, w = ( kj kg) m m - : the heat transfer per unit time (the rate of heat transfer) and the work done per unit time (power) ò t & t ; & (kj) Q 2 2 = Qdt W = Wdt t1 t1 ò ( kj s or kw)
17 The First Law of Thermodynamics The conservation of energy principle The energy can be neither created nor destroyed during a process; it can only change forms Energy balance ætotal energy ö ætotal energy ö æchange in the total ö ç entering the system - ç leaving the system = ç energy of the system è ø è ø è ø E - E = DE (kj) in out system E& - E& = de dt (kw) rate form in out system D E = D U + D KE + DPE system D E = D W + D Q + DE system mass Energy change of a system Energy transfer Energy Balance Equation D W + D Q + D Emass = D U + D KE + DPE Adiabatic process: No heat transfer -The change in the total energy during an adiabatic process must be equal to the net work done for a control mass
18 Flow Work And The Energy of A Flowing Fluid Flow work (or flow energy): some work required to push the mass into or out of the control volume W = FL = PAL = PV (kj) flow wflow = Pv (kj/kg)
19 Summary
20 The First Law of Thermodynamics II Assumptions 1. Adiabatic process: ΔQ =0 2. Closed system: ΔE mass =0 3. For a closed system undergoing a cycle: ΔU =0 4. Stationary system: ΔKE+ ΔPE=0
21 Summary
22 Summary For a closed system undergoing a cycle, the initial and final states are identical
23 Examples of the First Law (No work) D E = D U + D KE + DPE system D E = D W + DQ + DE system mass D U + D KE + DPE = D W + D Q + DE mass
24 Examples of the First Law (No heat Transfer)
25 Examples of the First Law (work& heat)
- Apply closed system energy balances, observe sign convention for work and heat transfer.
CHAPTER : ENERGY AND THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS Objectives: - In this chapter we discuss energy and develop equations for applying the principle of conservation of energy. Learning Outcomes: - Demonstrate
More informationPTT 277/3 APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS SEM 1 (2013/2014)
PTT 77/3 APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS SEM 1 (013/014) 1 Energy can exist in numerous forms: Thermal Mechanical Kinetic Potential Electric Magnetic Chemical Nuclear The total energy of a system on a unit mass:
More informationThermodynamics ENGR360-MEP112 LECTURE 3
Thermodynamics ENGR360-MEP11 LECTURE 3 ENERGY, ENERGY TRANSFER, AND ENERGY ANALYSIS Objectives: 1. Introduce the concept of energy and define its various forms.. Discuss the nature of internal energy.
More informationEnergy Transport by. By: Yidnekachew Messele. Their sum constitutes the total energy E of a system.
Energy Transport y Heat, ork and Mass By: Yidnekachew Messele Energy of a System Energy can e viewed as the aility to cause change. Energy can exist in numerous forms such as thermal, mechanical, kinetic,
More informationRelationships between WORK, HEAT, and ENERGY. Consider a force, F, acting on a block sliding on a frictionless surface. x 2
Relationships between WORK, HEAT, and ENERGY Consider a force, F, acting on a block sliding on a frictionless surface x x M F x Frictionless surface M dv v dt M dv dt v F F F ; v mass velocity in x direction
More informationEngineering Thermodynamics. Chapter 3. Energy Transport by Heat, Work and Mass
Chapter 3 Energy Transport y Heat, ork and Mass 3. Energy of a System Energy can e viewed as the aility to cause change. Energy can exist in numerous forms such as thermal, mechanical, kinetic, potential,
More informationUnit B-1: List of Subjects
ES31 Energy Transfer Fundamentals Unit B: The First Law of Thermodynamics ROAD MAP... B-1: The Concept of Energy B-: Work Interactions B-3: First Law of Thermodynamics B-4: Heat Transfer Fundamentals Unit
More informationfirst law of ThermodyNamics
first law of ThermodyNamics First law of thermodynamics - Principle of conservation of energy - Energy can be neither created nor destroyed Basic statement When any closed system is taken through a cycle,
More informationChapter 5: The First Law of Thermodynamics: Closed Systems
Chapter 5: The First Law of Thermodynamics: Closed Systems The first law of thermodynamics can be simply stated as follows: during an interaction between a system and its surroundings, the amount of energy
More informationT098. c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) First Law of Thermodynamics ME 201 (2012) 2 / 26
Conservation of Energy for a Closed System Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology (BUET Dhaka-, Bangladesh zahurul@me.buet.ac.bd
More informationFirst Law of Thermodynamics Closed Systems
First Law of Thermodynamics Closed Systems Content The First Law of Thermodynamics Energy Balance Energy Change of a System Mechanisms of Energy Transfer First Law of Thermodynamics in Closed Systems Moving
More informationKNOWN: Data are provided for a closed system undergoing a process involving work, heat transfer, change in elevation, and change in velocity.
Problem 44 A closed system of mass of 10 kg undergoes a process during which there is energy transfer by work from the system of 0147 kj per kg, an elevation decrease of 50 m, and an increase in velocity
More informationChapter 2. Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics
Chapter 2 Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics Closed System Energy Balance Energy is an extensive property that includes the kinetic and gravitational potential energy of engineering mechanics.
More information12/21/2014 7:39 PM. Chapter 2. Energy and the 1st Law of Thermodynamics. Dr. Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, PE
Chapter 2 Energy and the 1st Law of Thermodynamics 1 2 Homework Assignment # 2 Problems: 1, 7, 14, 20, 30, 36, 42, 49, 56 Design and open end problem: 2.1D Due Monday 22/12/2014 3 Work and Kinetic Energy
More informationThe First Law of Thermodynamics. By: Yidnekachew Messele
The First Law of Thermodynamics By: Yidnekachew Messele It is the law that relates the various forms of energies for system of different types. It is simply the expression of the conservation of energy
More informationRelationships between WORK, HEAT, and ENERGY. Consider a force, F, acting on a block sliding on a frictionless surface
Introduction to Thermodynamics, Lecture 3-5 Prof. G. Ciccarelli (0) Relationships between WORK, HEAT, and ENERGY Consider a force, F, acting on a block sliding on a frictionless surface x x M F x FRICTIONLESS
More informationFirst Law of Thermodynamics
First Law of Thermodynamics During an interaction between a system and its surroundings, the amount of energy gained by the system must be exactly equal to the amount of energy lost by the surroundings.
More information3. First Law of Thermodynamics and Energy Equation
3. First Law of Thermodynamics and Energy Equation 3. The First Law of Thermodynamics for a ontrol Mass Undergoing a ycle The first law for a control mass undergoing a cycle can be written as Q W Q net(cycle)
More informationThermodynamics I Spring 1432/1433H (2011/2012H) Saturday, Wednesday 8:00am - 10:00am & Monday 8:00am - 9:00am MEP 261 Class ZA
Thermodynamics I Spring 1432/1433H (2011/2012H) Saturday, Wednesday 8:00am - 10:00am & Monday 8:00am - 9:00am MEP 261 Class ZA Dr. Walid A. Aissa Associate Professor, Mech. Engg. Dept. Faculty of Engineering
More informationENERGY AND FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS. By Ertanto Vetra
ENERGY AND FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS 1 By Ertanto Vetra Objective Introduce the concept of energy and define its various forms. Discuss the nature of internal energy. Define the concept of heat and the
More informationChapter 4. Energy Analysis of Closed Systems
Chapter 4 Energy Analysis of Closed Systems The first law of thermodynamics is an expression of the conservation of energy principle. Energy can cross the boundaries of a closed system in the form of heat
More informationWeek 5. Energy Analysis of Closed Systems. GENESYS Laboratory
Week 5. Energy Analysis of Closed Systems Objectives 1. Examine the moving boundary work or PdV work commonly encountered in reciprocating devices such as automotive engines and compressors 2. Identify
More informationChapter 5. Mass and Energy Analysis of Control Volumes
Chapter 5 Mass and Energy Analysis of Control Volumes Conservation Principles for Control volumes The conservation of mass and the conservation of energy principles for open systems (or control volumes)
More informationCHAPTER. The First Law of Thermodynamics: Closed Systems
CHAPTER 3 The First Law of Thermodynamics: Closed Systems Closed system Energy can cross the boundary of a closed system in two forms: Heat and work FIGURE 3-1 Specifying the directions of heat and work.
More informationChapter 3 First Law of Thermodynamics and Energy Equation
Fundamentals of Thermodynamics Chapter 3 First Law of Thermodynamics and Energy Equation Prof. Siyoung Jeong Thermodynamics I MEE0-0 Spring 04 Thermal Engineering Lab. 3. The energy equation Thermal Engineering
More informationChapter 5. Mass and Energy Analysis of Control Volumes. by Asst. Prof. Dr.Woranee Paengjuntuek and Asst. Prof. Dr.Worarattana Pattaraprakorn
Chapter 5 Mass and Energy Analysis of Control Volumes by Asst. Prof. Dr.Woranee Paengjuntuek and Asst. Prof. Dr.Worarattana Pattaraprakorn Reference: Cengel, Yunus A. and Michael A. Boles, Thermodynamics:
More informationReview of First and Second Law of Thermodynamics
Review of First and Second Law of Thermodynamics Reading Problems 4-1 4-4 4-32, 4-36, 4-87, 4-246 5-2 5-4, 5.7 6-1 6-13 6-122, 6-127, 6-130 Definitions SYSTEM: any specified collection of matter under
More informationEnergy: 1. Energy is an abstract physical quantity 2. It can be measured only by means of its effect Vikasana - Bridge Course
BASICS OF THERMODYNAMICS Vikasana - Bridge Course 2012 1 Energy: 1. Energy is an abstract physical quantity 2. It can be measured only by means of its effect Vikasana - Bridge Course 2012 2 HEAT Heat is
More informationHence. The second law describes the direction of energy transfer in spontaneous processes
* Heat and Work The first law of thermodynamics states that: Although energy has many forms, the total quantity of energy is constant. When energy disappears in one form, it appears simultaneously in other
More informationIsentropic Efficiency in Engineering Thermodynamics
June 21, 2010 Isentropic Efficiency in Engineering Thermodynamics Introduction This article is a summary of selected parts of chapters 4, 5 and 6 in the textbook by Moran and Shapiro (2008. The intent
More informationNon-Newtonian fluids is the fluids in which shear stress is not directly proportional to deformation rate, such as toothpaste,
CHAPTER1: Basic Definitions, Zeroth, First, and Second Laws of Thermodynamics 1.1. Definitions What does thermodynamic mean? It is a Greeks word which means a motion of the heat. Water is a liquid substance
More informationExergy and the Dead State
EXERGY The energy content of the universe is constant, just as its mass content is. Yet at times of crisis we are bombarded with speeches and articles on how to conserve energy. As engineers, we know that
More informationChapter 8. Conservation of Energy
Chapter 8 Conservation of Energy Energy Review Kinetic Energy Associated with movement of members of a system Potential Energy Determined by the configuration of the system Gravitational and Elastic Potential
More informationENERGY ANALYSIS: CLOSED SYSTEM
ENERGY ANALYSIS: CLOSED SYSTEM A closed system can exchange energy with its surroundings through heat and work transer. In other words, work and heat are the orms that energy can be transerred across the
More informationHonors Physics. Notes Nov 16, 20 Heat. Persans 1
Honors Physics Notes Nov 16, 20 Heat Persans 1 Properties of solids Persans 2 Persans 3 Vibrations of atoms in crystalline solids Assuming only nearest neighbor interactions (+Hooke's law) F = C( u! u
More informationToday lecture. 1. Entropy change in an isolated system 2. Exergy
Today lecture 1. Entropy change in an isolated system. Exergy - What is exergy? - Reversible Work & Irreversibility - Second-Law Efficiency - Exergy change of a system For a fixed mass For a flow stream
More information8.5 - Energy. Energy The property of an object or system that enables it to do work. Energy is measured in Joules (J).
Work Work The process of moving an object by applying a force. Work = Force x displacement. Work is measured in Joules (J) or Newton-meters (Nm). W = Fd Example: To prove his strength, a weightlifter pushes
More informationChapter 7. Entropy. by Asst.Prof. Dr.Woranee Paengjuntuek and Asst. Prof. Dr.Worarattana Pattaraprakorn
Chapter 7 Entropy by Asst.Prof. Dr.Woranee Paengjuntuek and Asst. Prof. Dr.Worarattana Pattaraprakorn Reference: Cengel, Yunus A. and Michael A. Boles, Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, 5th ed.,
More informationThe first law of thermodynamics continued
Lecture 7 The first law of thermodynamics continued Pre-reading: 19.5 Where we are The pressure p, volume V, and temperature T are related by an equation of state. For an ideal gas, pv = nrt = NkT For
More informationChapter 10: Energy and Work. Slide 10-2
Chapter 10: Energy and Work Slide 10-2 Forms of Energy Mechanical Energy K U g U s Thermal Energy Other forms include E th E chem E nuclear The Basic Energy Model An exchange of energy between the system
More informationEng Thermodynamics I conservation of mass; 2. conservation of energy (1st Law of Thermodynamics); and 3. the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.
Eng3901 - Thermodynamics I 1 1 Introduction 1.1 Thermodynamics Thermodynamics is the study of the relationships between heat transfer, work interactions, kinetic and potential energies, and the properties
More informationTHERMODYNAMICS, FLUID AND PLANT PROCESSES. The tutorials are drawn from other subjects so the solutions are identified by the appropriate tutorial.
THERMODYNAMICS, FLUID AND PLANT PROCESSES The tutorials are drawn from other subjects so the solutions are identified by the appropriate tutorial. THERMODYNAMICS TUTORIAL 2 THERMODYNAMIC PRINCIPLES SAE
More informationExisting Resources: Supplemental/reference for students with thermodynamics background and interests:
Existing Resources: Masters, G. (1991) Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science (Prentice Hall: NJ), pages 15 29. [ Masters_1991_Energy.pdf] Supplemental/reference for students with thermodynamics
More informationThermal physics revision questions
Thermal physics revision questions ONE SECTION OF QUESTIONS TO BE COMPLETED AND MARKED EVERY WEEK AFTER HALF TERM. Section 1: Energy 1. Define the law of conservation of energy. Energy is neither created
More informationIntroduction CHAPTER Prime Movers. 1.2 Sources of Energy
Introduction CHAPTER 1 1.1 Prime Movers Prime mover is a device which converts natural source of energy into mechanical work to drive machines for various applications. In olden days, man had to depend
More informationMAE 110A. Homework 6: Solutions 11/9/2017
MAE 110A Hoework 6: Solutions 11/9/2017 H6.1: Two kg of H2O contained in a piston-cylinder assebly, initially at 1.0 bar and 140 C undergoes an internally ersible, isotheral copression to 25 bar. Given
More informationChapter 19 The First Law of Thermodynamics
Chapter 19 The First Law of Thermodynamics Lecture by Dr. Hebin Li Assignment Due at 11:59pm on Sunday, December 7 HW set on Masteringphysics.com Final exam: Time: 2:15pm~4:15pm, Monday, December 8. Location:
More informationMAE 11. Homework 8: Solutions 11/30/2018
MAE 11 Homework 8: Solutions 11/30/2018 MAE 11 Fall 2018 HW #8 Due: Friday, November 30 (beginning of class at 12:00p) Requirements:: Include T s diagram for all cycles. Also include p v diagrams for Ch
More informationPROBLEM 6.3. Using the appropriate table, determine the indicated property. In each case, locate the state on sketches of the T-v and T-s diagrams.
PROBLEM 63 Using the appropriate table, determine the indicated property In each case, locate the state on sketches of the -v and -s diagrams (a) water at p = 040 bar, h = 147714 kj/kg K Find s, in kj/kg
More informationName: Discussion Section:
CBE 141: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Spring 2018, UC Berkeley Midterm 1 February 13, 2018 Time: 80 minutes, closed-book and closed-notes, one-sided 8 ½ x 11 equation sheet allowed Please show
More informationWhere F1 is the force and dl1 is the infinitesimal displacement, but F1 = p1a1
In order to force the fluid to flow across the boundary of the system against a pressure p1, work is done on the boundary of the system. The amount of work done is dw = - F1.dl1, Where F1 is the force
More informationChapter One Reviews of Thermodynamics Update on 2013/9/13
Chapter One Reviews of Thermodynamics Update on 2013/9/13 (1.1). Thermodynamic system An isolated system is a system that exchanges neither mass nor energy with its environment. An insulated rigid tank
More informationEnergy, Work, and Power
Matthew W. Milligan, Work, and Power Conservation Laws an Alternative to Newton s Laws Matthew W. Milligan, Work, and Power I. - kinetic and potential - conservation II. Work - dot product - work-energy
More informationENT 254: Applied Thermodynamics
ENT 54: Applied Thermodynamics Mr. Azizul bin Mohamad Mechanical Engineering Program School of Mechatronic Engineering Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) azizul@unimap.edu.my 019-4747351 04-9798679 Chapter
More informationConservation of Energy
Conservation of Energy Energy can neither by created nor destroyed, but only transferred from one system to another and transformed from one form to another. Conservation of Energy Consider at a gas in
More informationChapter 7. Entropy: A Measure of Disorder
Chapter 7 Entropy: A Measure of Disorder Entropy and the Clausius Inequality The second law of thermodynamics leads to the definition of a new property called entropy, a quantitative measure of microscopic
More informationDr Ali Jawarneh. Hashemite University
Dr Ali Jawarneh Department of Mechanical Engineering Hashemite University Examine the moving boundary work or P d work commonly encountered in reciprocating devices such as automotive engines and compressors.
More informationChapter 2: Energy and the 1 st Law of Thermodynamics. The Study of Energy in Closed Systems
Chapter 2: Energy and the 1 st Law of Thermodynamics The Study of Energy in Closed Systems Topics 2.1 Mechanical Concepts of Energy 2.2 Broadening Understanding of Work 2.3 Broadening Understanding of
More informationENGR 292 Fluids and Thermodynamics
ENGR 292 Fluids and Thermodynamics Scott Li, Ph.D., P.Eng. Mechanical Engineering Technology Camosun College Timeline Last week, Reading Break Feb.21: Thermodynamics 1 Feb.24: Midterm Review (Fluid Statics
More informationUnified Quiz: Thermodynamics
Fall 004 Unified Quiz: Thermodynamics November 1, 004 Calculators allowed. No books allowed. A list of equations is provided. Put your name on each page of the exam. Read all questions carefully. Do all
More informationCHAPTER 7 ENTROPY. Copyright Hany A. Al-Ansary and S. I. Abdel-Khalik (2014) 1
CHAPTER 7 ENTROPY S. I. Abdel-Khalik (2014) 1 ENTROPY The Clausius Inequality The Clausius inequality states that for for all cycles, reversible or irreversible, engines or refrigerators: For internally-reversible
More informationSKMM 2413 Thermodynamics
SKMM 2413 Thermodynamics Md. Mizanur Rahman, PhD Department of Thermo-Fluids Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UTM Office: C23-228 mizanur@fkm.utm.my Semester I, 2016-2017
More informationWORK, POWER & ENERGY
WORK, POWER & ENERGY Work An applied force acting over a displacement. The force being applied must be parallel to the displacement for work to be occurring. Work Force displacement Units: Newton meter
More informationChapter 1: Basic Concepts of Thermodynamics. Thermodynamics and Energy. Dimensions and Units
Chapter 1: Basic Concepts of Thermodynamics Every science has its own unique vocabulary associated with it. recise definition of basic concepts forms a sound foundation for development of a science and
More informationCHAPTER 5 MASS AND ENERGY ANALYSIS OF CONTROL VOLUMES
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach 8th Edition in SI Units Yunus A. Çengel, Michael A. Boles McGraw-Hill, 2015 CHAPTER 5 MASS AND ENERGY ANALYSIS OF CONTROL VOLUMES Lecture slides by Dr. Fawzi Elfghi
More informationConservation of Energy for a Closed System. First Law of Thermodynamics. First Law of Thermodynamics for a Change in State
Conservation of Energy for a Closed System First Law of Thermodynamics Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq rofessor Department of Mechanical Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology BUET Dhaka-000,
More informationMAE 110A. Homework 3: Solutions 10/20/2017
MAE 110A Homework 3: Solutions 10/20/2017 3.10: For H 2O, determine the specified property at the indicated state. Locate the state on a sketch of the T-v diagram. Given a) T 140 C, v 0.5 m 3 kg b) p 30MPa,
More informationTwo mark questions and answers UNIT I BASIC CONCEPT AND FIRST LAW SVCET
Two mark questions and answers UNIT I BASIC CONCEPT AND FIRST LAW 1. What do you understand by pure substance? A pure substance is defined as one that is homogeneous and invariable in chemical composition
More informationLecture 5. Basic Thermodynamics. The First Law. References. Typical energy estimates
Lecture 5 Basic Thermodynamics. The First Law. References. Chemistry 3, Chapter 14, Energy and Thermochemistry, pp.658-700. Elements of Physical Chemistry, 5 th edition, Atkins & de Paula, Chapter 2, Thermodynamics:
More informationME Thermodynamics I
HW-03 (25 points) i) Given: for writing Given, Find, Basic equations Rigid tank containing nitrogen gas in two sections initially separated by a membrane. Find: Initial density (kg/m3) of nitrogen gas
More informationDownloaded from
Chapter 12 (Thermodynamics) Multiple Choice Questions Single Correct Answer Type Q1. An ideal gas undergoes four different processes from the same initial state (figure). Four processes are adiabatic,
More information2013, 2011, 2009, 2008 AP
Lecture 15 Thermodynamics I Heat vs. Temperature Enthalpy and Work Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions Average Bond Enthalpy Thermodynamics The relationship between chemical reactions and heat. What causes
More informationENERGY TRANSFER BY WORK: Electrical Work: When N Coulombs of electrical charge move through a potential difference V
Weight, W = mg Where m=mass, g=gravitational acceleration ENERGY TRANSFER BY WOR: Sign convention: Work done on a system = (+) Work done by a system = (-) Density, ρ = m V kg m 3 Where m=mass, V =Volume
More informationME 2322 Thermodynamics I PRE-LECTURE Lesson 10 Complete the items below Name:
Lesson 10 1. (5 pt) If P > P sat (T), the phase is a subcooled liquid. 2. (5 pt) if P < P sat (T), the phase is superheated vapor. 3. (5 pt) if T > T sat (P), the phase is superheated vapor. 4. (5 pt)
More informationUNIT I Basic concepts and Work & Heat Transfer
SIDDHARTH GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS :: PUTTUR Siddharth Nagar, Narayanavanam Road 517583 QUESTION BANK (DESCRIPTIVE) Subject with Code: Engineering Thermodynamics (16ME307) Year & Sem: II-B. Tech & II-Sem
More information6.3 The First Law of Thermodynamics
6.3 The First Law of Thermodynamics Physics Tool box Thermodynamic System - any collection of objects that is convenient to regard as a unit, and may have the potential to exchange energy with its surroundings.
More informationClassification following properties of the system in Intensive and Extensive
Unit I Classification following properties of the system in Intensive and Extensive Extensive : mass, weight, volume, potential energy, Kinetic energy, Internal energy, entropy, exergy, energy, magnetization
More informationMME 2010 METALLURGICAL THERMODYNAMICS II. Fundamentals of Thermodynamics for Systems of Constant Composition
MME 2010 METALLURGICAL THERMODYNAMICS II Fundamentals of Thermodynamics for Systems of Constant Composition Thermodynamics addresses two types of problems: 1- Computation of energy difference between two
More informationPower: Sources of Energy
Chapter 7: Energy Power: Sources of Energy Tidal Power SF Bay Tidal Power Project Main Ideas (Encyclopedia of Physics) Energy is an abstract quantity that an object is said to possess. It is not something
More informationSOLUTION: Consider the system to be the refrigerator (shown in the following schematic), which operates over a cycle in normal operation.
Soln_21 An ordinary household refrigerator operating in steady state receives electrical work while discharging net energy by heat transfer to its surroundings (e.g., the kitchen). a. Is this a violation
More informationPart II First Law of Thermodynamics
Part II First Law of Thermodynamics Introduction The first law deals with macroscopic properties, work, energy, enthalpy, etc. One of the most fundamental laws of nature is the conservation of energy principle.
More information11/13/2003 PHY Lecture 19 1
Announcements 1. Schedule Chapter 19 macroscopic view of heat (today) Chapter 20 microscopic view of heat (Tuesday 11/18) Review Chapters 15-20 (Thursday 11/20) Exam 3 (Tuesday 11/25) 2. Physics colloquium
More informationP = dw dt. P = F net. = W Δt. Conservative Force: P ave. Net work done by a conservative force on an object moving around every closed path is zero
Power Forces Conservative Force: P ave = W Δt P = dw dt P = F net v Net work done by a conservative force on an object moving around every closed path is zero Non-conservative Force: Net work done by a
More information(Heat capacity c is also called specific heat) this means that the heat capacity number c for water is 1 calorie/gram-k.
Lecture 23: Ideal Gas Law and The First Law of Thermodynamics 1 (REVIEW) Chapter 17: Heat Transfer Origin of the calorie unit A few hundred years ago when people were investigating heat and temperature
More informationMP203 Statistical and Thermal Physics. Jon-Ivar Skullerud and James Smith
MP203 Statistical and Thermal Physics Jon-Ivar Skullerud and James Smith October 27, 2017 1 Contents 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Temperature and thermal equilibrium.................... 4 1.1.1 The zeroth law
More informationAgenda. Chapter 10, Problem 26. All matter is made of atoms. Atomic Structure 4/8/14. What is the structure of matter? Atomic Terminology
Agenda Today: HW Quiz, Thermal physics (i.e., heat) Thursday: Finish thermal physics, atomic structure (lots of review from chemistry!) Chapter 10, Problem 26 A boy reaches out of a window and tosses a
More informationSpecific Heat of Diatomic Gases and. The Adiabatic Process
Specific Heat of Diatomic Gases and Solids The Adiabatic Process Ron Reifenberger Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University February 22, 2012 Lecture 7 1 Specific Heat for Solids and Diatomic i Gasses
More informationCommon Terms, Definitions and Conversion Factors
1 Common Terms, Definitions and Conversion Factors 1. Force: A force is a push or pull upon an object resulting from the object s interaction with another object. It is defined as Where F = m a F = Force
More informationECE309 INTRODUCTION TO THERMODYNAMICS & HEAT TRANSFER. 20 June 2005
ECE309 INTRODUCTION TO THERMODYNAMICS & HEAT TRANSFER 20 June 2005 Midterm Examination R. Culham & M. Bahrami This is a 90 minute, closed-book examination. You are permitted to use one 8.5 in. 11 in. crib
More informationThis follows from the Clausius inequality as a consequence of the second law of thermodynamics. Therefore. (for reversible process only) (22.
Entropy Clausius inequality can be used to analyze the cyclic process in a quantitative manner. The second law became a law of wider applicability when Clausius introduced the property called entropy.
More informationCHEM Thermodynamics. Work. There are two ways to change the internal energy of a system:
There are two ways to change the internal energy of a system: Thermodynamics Work 1. By flow of heat, q Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between and the surroundings 2. By doing work, w Work can
More informationChapter 19. First Law of Thermodynamics. Dr. Armen Kocharian, 04/04/05
Chapter 19 First Law of Thermodynamics Dr. Armen Kocharian, 04/04/05 Heat and Work Work during volume change Work in Thermodynamics Work can be done on a deformable system, such as a gas Consider a cylinder
More informationContent. Entropy and principle of increasing entropy. Change of entropy in an ideal gas.
Entropy Content Entropy and principle of increasing entropy. Change of entropy in an ideal gas. Entropy Entropy can be viewed as a measure of molecular disorder, or molecular randomness. As a system becomes
More informationAE1104 Physics 1. List of equations. Made by: E. Bruins Slot
i AE04 Physics List of equations Made by: E. Bruins Slot Chapter Introduction and basic concepts Newton s second law Weight F = M a (N) W = m g J = N m (N) Density Specific volume ρ = m V m 3 v = V m =
More informationChapter 1: Basic Definitions, Terminologies and Concepts
Chapter : Basic Definitions, Terminologies and Concepts ---------------------------------------. UThermodynamics:U It is a basic science that deals with: -. Energy transformation from one form to another..
More informationCh 11 ENERGY and its CONSERVATION. work causes a change in the energy of a system KE (an increase or decrease in KE) ket.
Ch 11 ENERGY and its CONSERVATION 11.1 The Many Forms of Energy work causes a change in the energy of a system W = KE (an increase or decrease in KE) work energy theorem object + work object work increase
More informationTHE FIRST LAW APPLIED TO STEADY FLOW PROCESSES
Chapter 10 THE FIRST LAW APPLIED TO STEADY FLOW PROCESSES It is not the sun to overtake the moon, nor doth the night outstrip theday.theyfloateachinanorbit. The Holy Qur-ān In many engineering applications,
More informationCh. 7: Thermochemistry
Thermodynamics and Thermochemistry Thermodynamics concerns itself with energy and its relationship to the large scale bulk properties of a system that are measurable: Volume, Temperature, Pressure, Heat
More informationConservation of Energy and Momentum
Conservation of Energy and Momentum Three criteria for Work There must be a force. There must be a displacement, d. The force must have a component parallel to the displacement. Work, W = F x d, W = Fd
More informationChapter 10 Temperature and Heat
Chapter 10 Temperature and Heat Thermodynamics deals with 1. Temperature. 2. The transfer and transformation of energy. 3. The relationship between macroscopic properties and microscopic dynamics. Temperature
More information