Physics I Spring Final Review

Transcription

1 Name Period Physics I Spring Final Review Know all symbols and units! Know the these two constants: g = 9.8m/s 2 and c = 3x10 8 m/s Study old worksheets, notes, quizzes, labs, tests, & test reviews. If you want extra practice, you may always work some of the book problems in the back of each chapter or come in for tutorials. Energy & Thermodynamics: (Extra Problems: Try pg.193 #9, 21, 31, 45, & 49a in textbook) 1) Below is the Energy section of the formula sheet you will be provided: In the 2nd column, An example has been provided below: F = ma Net Force = Mass*Acceleration N = kg*m/s 2 E = W + Q + R W = F ll x Q = mcδt P = ΔE / t Ek = ½ mv 2 Eg = mgδy Eel = ½ k( x) 2 Eel = ½ F x 2) Explain the 1 st Law of Thermodynamics ( E =W + Q + R) in words. 3) What does an object have to be doing to have Ek? 4) What does an object have to have to have Eg?

2 5) What does an object have to be to have Eel? 6) What two things can produce Eint? 7) Define the Law of Conservation of Energy. 8) Power is how fast is changed. 9) Be able to draw and/or analyze energy pie charts and bar graphs. 10) Define Temperature. 11) Going from solid to liquid to gas a substance energy. Going from a gas to liquid to solid a substance energy. Momentum 12) Define and be able to use the Law of Conservation of Momentum 13) In collisions, large objects will have a smaller change in but an equal change in than the smaller objects they collide with. 14) Define impulse and be able to solve for it. Electrostatics: (Extra Problems: Try pg.654 #1, 9 & 12 in textbook) 15) Below is the Electrostatics section of the formula sheet you will be provided: In the 2nd column, rewrite the equation using words. In the 3rd column, rewrite the equation using units. For k, you can just write consant. Fe = k Q1Q2 / r 2 k = 9 x 10 9 N*m 2 /C 2 16) You will also be given the following: Q of an electron = -1.6 x C Q of one proton = +1.6 x C m e- = x kg m p = x kg Q stands for and m stands for. 17) Like charges & opposites. Electrons are charged. Protons are charged. 18) What does it mean to be electrically polarized? What is the net charge of a polarized object?

3 19) What is conduction? 20) What is induction? 21) What are electric fields? What rules must we follow when we draw them? 22) What s similar between gravitational & electric fields? What s different? 23) Define potential difference. What is another name for it? What is the potential of a grounded object? 24) Where is 0 volts always located in an electric field? 25) How are force and distance related in Coulomb s Law of Electrostatics? Direct-Current Circuits: (Extra Problems: Try pg.754 #11, 12, 17, 19, 27 & 29 in textbook) 26) Below is the Circuits section of the formula sheet you will be provided: In the 2nd column, I = Q / t ΔV = IR P = IΔV 27) You will also be given the following: I T = I 1 = I 2 = I 3 = etc. V T = V 1 + V 2 + V 3 + etc. R T = R 1 + R 2 + R 3 + etc. I T = I 1 + I 2 + I 3 + etc. V T = V 1 = V 2 = V 3 = etc. 1/R eq = 1/R 1 + 1/R 2 + 1/R 3 + etc. Identify which group above is for series circuits and which is for parallel. 28) What in a circuit causes voltage rises?

4 29) What in a circuit causes voltage drops? 30) Where is 0 volts in a circuit? 31) What is the relationship between: o R and I o R and V o I and V 32) What stays constant in a series circuit? 33) What stays constant in a parallel circuit? 34) What is Ohm s Law? 35) How does each of the following affect resistance? o Temperature of a wire o Length of wire o Cross-Sectional Area (Thickness) of a wire 36) What is a superconductor? What do they require? 37) Be able to draw circuit diagrams and solve circuit problems using the chart method. Magnetism 38) What causes permanent magnetism? 39) What type of field surrounds a current carrying wire? 40) What do electric motors do in terms of energy? They convert 41) What do electric generators do in terms of energy? They convert

5 Waves: (Extra Problems: Try pg.470 #25, 27, 29, 31, 33 & 35 in textbook) 42) Below is the Waves section of the formula sheet you will be provided: In the 2nd column, v = f v = x/t f = 1/T 43) What is a wave? What does it transfer? 44) Define amplitude. 45) Define wavelength. 46) Draw a transverse wave labeling amplitude, wavelength, crest and trough. 47) Define frequency. 48) Define period. 49) What s the difference between a mechanical wave and an EM wave? 50) What s the difference between transverse and longitudinal waves? 51) Instead of crests and troughs, longitudinal waves have & 52) What is reflection? 53) How do waves reflect from fixed vs. free-ends?

6 54) Draw what happens when a crest goes from a low density medium to a high density medium: 55) Draw what happens when a crest goes from a high density medium to a low density medium: 56) What is constructive interference? What is destructive interference? 57) What are standing waves? Be able to draw and label nodes & antinodes. Be able to determine wavelength from those drawings. Open tubes vs. closed tubes vs. strings, etc. Sound Waves: (Extra Problems: Try pg.507 #5, 15, 29, 30, 37, 39 & 47 in textbook) 58) Below is the Sound section of the formula sheet you will be provided: In the 2nd column, v = 331.5m/s + (0.6)T (T = temp.) f = fo (v+vl / v-vs) 59) What type of wave is sound? What form? What does it need to travel? 60) Pitch is due to which property of a wave? Draw a transverse wave with a high pitch and one with a low pitch. 61) Loudness is due to which property of a wave? Draw loud vs. quiet transverse waves. 62) Describe the Doppler Effect. Be able to work Doppler problems.

7 63) What is resonance? 64) What is the fundamental? 65) What are harmonics? 66) What do harmonics look like on a resonating string? 67) What do harmonics look like on a resonating bar? 68) What do harmonics look like in a tube open on both ends? 69) What do harmonics look like in a tube closed on one end? 70) Which resonating object from questions can only get the odd harmonics? Why? 71) What happens to pitch if you tighten a string? 72) What caused the Tacoma Narrows Bridge to resonate? Light: (Extra Problems: Try pg.550 #1, 7, 11, 20, 36 & 47; pg.587 #1,3 & 13; pg.833 #4 in textbook) 73) Below is the Light section of the formula sheet you will be provided: In the 2nd column, c = fλ E = hf Planck s constant (h) = 6.63 x J*s

8 74) You will also be given the following: 1 ly = x m 1 mile = km Both of the above are simply conversion factors that measure distance. What does ly stand for? 75) Where can light travel that sound cannot? 76) Sometimes it behaves like a (photons) & sometimes like a (EM). 77) What are photons? How do you calculate their energy? 78) Write the order of visible light from highest to lowest frequency: 79) Write the order of visible light from highest to lowest wavelength: 80) (a) Write the order of the EM spectrum from low to high frequency: (b) This would be the same order if asked to write the order from low to high. 81) Which region resonates water? Which resonates skin? 82) What is the speed of light in m/s? 83) What is the Law of Reflection? Draw a picture aiding your explanation. 84) Refraction is the of a wave as it changes due to a change in medium. When a wave slows down it bends the normal. 85) Where do you aim to spear a fish? Why? Draw a picture. 86) What are the two types of images? 87) images can be formed on a screen and are always inverted.

9 a. Which type of mirror produces real images? b. Which type of lens produces real images? 88) Plane mirrors only produce images where the image looks (smaller than, larger than, the same size as) the object. (circle one) 89) Prisms break white light into the rainbow of colors because each color at a different angle. Nuclear 90) Below is the Nuclear section of the formula sheet you will be provided: In the 2nd column, E = mc 2 91) In both fission and fusion, the products have (less) (more) mass than the reactants. This missing mass was converted into.