VmoîUrdmb H$bm, dm{uá` d {dkmz _hm{dúmb`, gozjm d

Transcription

1 kmzxrn /1

2 kmzxrn /2

3 kmzxrn /3

4 kmzxrn /4

5 Jh xtkuu f k{k.k izlkjd eamg] ;synjh dwei rk- ftarwj ft- ijhk.kh lapkyd eamg v-ø- uko in Jh fcztxksiky jkeukjk;.k rks.khoky Jh lqhkk k fo oukfk,df kaxs Jh mejko ekf.kdjko ksgds lks- ljkst?ku kkenklth xêk.kh Jh lqftrdqekj kkelqanj eqanmk Jh iq: kksrre fd kuyky njd Jh fhkejko lahkkth okoggs Jh xksfoanizlkn jkeukjk;.k rks.khoky lks- fyyknsoh fxj/kkjhyky rks.khoky MkW-,l-,e-oMxqys v/;{k mik/;{k lfpo lglfpo dks kk/;{k lnl; lnl; lnl; lnl; izkpk;z kmzxrn /5

6 lr JOmZZ {eju àgmah$ _ S>i, `obxar H±$ån X²dmam g M{bV VmoîUrdmb H$bm, dm{uá` d {dkmz _hm{dúmb`, gozjm d, {O. qhjmobr Kkufni A H$ 2 am àh$mez àh$meh$ àmmm` S>m. Eg.E_. ds>jwbo (VmoîUrdmb H$bm, dm{uá` d {dkmz _hm{dúmb`, gozjm d) _w»` g nmxh$ àm.`w.nr. gwnmao gh-g nmxh$ àm.s>m.s>r.or. gmd V _amr>r {d^mj àm.`w.nr. gwnmao n«m.eg.nr. Iwngo àm.s>m.e.s>r. Q>mnao qhxr {d^mj àm.nr.ho$. KZ àm.s>m. Eg.Ama. nob àm.s>m.ìhr.or. dmk B J«Or {d^mj àm.ama.eg.jmoao àm.s>m.{s>.or. gmd V {dúmwu g nmxh$ _ S>i CÎm_ g_mymz H$m ~io Zmam`U gimam_ XodH$a {H$aUHw$_ma em_amd OmYd _{Zfm _mamovr Kw Jmgo ñdmvr H $bmg ^wao g{mz _m{uh$ amr>mos> amoy ~m~mamd nmvio _win ð> àm.s>m.or.nr. ^mboamd àm.e.or. A ^moao d Îmg H$bZ àm.ama.ìhr. ZdJUH$a àm.s>m.~r.~r. KwQ>o AjaOwdiUr lr.a{zb JaS> _wðu _hoe Am \$goq>, na^ur ü Ö : µöö Ó úöÿöß»ö ÖŸÖê ¾Ö ¾Ö ÖÖ ü ÖÏŸµÖê ú»öê Ö úöó Öê ¾µÖÛŒŸÖ ÖŸÖ ÃÖã Ö ÃÖÓ ÖÖ ü ú ¾Ö ÖÏ úö Ö ú ŸµÖÖÓ µöö Öß ÃÖÆü ÖŸÖ ÃÖŸÖß»Ö Ö ÃÖê ÖÖÆüß. kmzxrn /6

7 _ZmoJV... {à` {dúmwu {_Ì-_ {ÌUtZmo, Z_ñH$ma, Joë`m dfm nmgyz Am_À`m _hm{dúmb`mà`m "kmzxrn' dm{f H$m H$ àh$merv hmov Amho. `mhr dfu Z{dZ {df` KoD$Z {dúmwu {_Ì-_ {ÌUtZm {bhv H$aÊ`mMm hovy "kmzxrn' `m A H$mÀ`m g nmxh$ _ S>imZo `eñdr Ho$bm Amho. hr {ZpíMVM H$m VwH$mñnX ~m~ Amho. J «m _ r U ^ m J m V r b E H $ _ o d A g b o b o h o _ h m { d Ú m b ` A m O d Q > d j m à _ m U o {Xdg {Xdg {dñvma hmod$z dmt>v Amho. Ë`mMr {dúménr N>m`m {dúmï`mªzm {_iv Amho. lr. JOmZZ {eju àgmah$ _ S>imMo n{hbo _hm{dúmb` AgyZ AË` V bms>ho$ {VVHo$M {eñv{à` Amho. J«m_rU n[agamvrb {dúmï`mªà`m gdmªjru {dh$mgmgmr>r Zoh_rM à`ëzav Agbobo ho _hm{dúmb` Am_À`m A{^_mZmMo H $Ðq~Xy Amho. {dúmï`mªà`m gm_m{oh$ Om{Udm àjë^ H$éZ Ë`mM~amo~a gm_m{oh$ OmJ Vr H$aÊ`mMm _hm{dúmb`mmm à`ëz gmh$ma hmov Amho. _hm{dúmb`mer g ~ {YV J«m_rU KQ>H$mer gbmo»`mmo {Oìhmù`mMo g ~ Y R>oD$Z Ë`m À`m gwi Xw:ImV g_ag hmod$z "EH$_oH$m gmø H$é Ÿ& AdKo Yé gwn W Ÿ&' hm _ Ì OndyZ gm_m{oh$ OmUrd {Z_m U H$éZ XoÊ`mMo C{Ôï> _hm{dúmb`mzo nma nms>ê`mmm à`ëz Ho$bm Amho. Ë`mM~amo~a {dúmï`mªà`m g OZ{ebVobm A{YH$m{YH$ dmd {_idyz XoÊ`mMm `Wmo{MV à`ëz H$arV Amho. Ë`m~Ôb g nmxh$ _ S>imMo,[dÚmWu {_Ì-_ {ÌUrMo nwz:ím A{^Z XZ. Zdmo{XV boih$, H$dr, gm{hë`h$m Zm {bimzmmo `mnwt>ohr ~i {_imo hr g{xàn>m ì`º$ H$aVmo. YÝ`dmX! àmmm` S>m.Eg.E_.dS>Jwbo kmzxrn /7

8 g nmxh$s`... g Z M m " k m Z X r n ' h m dm{f H$m H$ Amnë`m hmvr XoVmZm Amåhmbm AmZ X hmovmo Amho. "ZmMy H$sV ZmÀ`m a Jr, kmz Xrn bmdy OmJr Ÿ& ' hm Zmam Á`m Zr _hmamï >mvm Zìho Va n Om~ n ` ª V d m a H $ a r Y _ m M r n V H $ m I m Ú m d a K o D $ Z H $ s V Z m À ` m _ m Ü ` _ m V y Z g _ m O O m J V r K S > d y Z AmUbr Ë`m g V Zm_Xod _hmamombm g_{n V Amho. V m O o C X m h a U å h U O o " K w _ m Z ( n O m ~ ) ' ` o W r b A.^m._.gm.g _obz Ago XoVm `ob b. g V Zm_Xod _hmamomà`m g_mogwymauoà`m {dmmammr àoaum KoD$Z hm A H$ V`ma Ho$bm Amho. g nmxh$ _ S>imÀ`m _mj Xe ZmImbr {dúmwu g nmxh$ _ S>imZo {d{dy { d f ` m d a b o I, H $ { d V m, H $ W m { b h ÿ Z A m n b m Aëngm n[am` `m _mü`_mvyz H$éZ XoÊ`mMm à`ëz Ho$bm Amho. _mv ^mfovyzm Zìho Va qhxr, B J«Or ^mfovyzhr gm{hë` {bhê`mmo YmS>g Ë`m Zr Ho$bo hr H $ m V w H $ m M r ~ m ~ A m h o. Z d m o { X V b o I H $, H $ d r, H $ W m H $ m a, H $ m X ~ a r H $ m a ` m À ` m g h ^ m J m _ w i o M {ZpíMVnUo hm dm{f H$m H$ `eñdr[aë` nyu Pmbm. _hm{dúmb`mà`m dvrzo Xadfu {d{dy C n H «$ _ a m ~ d y Z { d Ú m Ï ` m M m ì ` { º $ _ Î d { d H $ m g H $ a Ê ` m M m à ` Ë Z _ h m { d Ú m b ` m V r b { d { d Y {d^mjm_m\ $V Ho$bm OmVmo. _hm{dúmb`mv H$m` av y o w o o o o y o Agboë`m Aem gd {d^mjmmo Ahdmb, \$moq>mo `m A H $ m V Z à H $ m { e V H $ é Z _ h m { d Ú m b ` m V r b CnH«$_mMo à{vq~~ C_Q>{dÊ`mMm à`ëz A H$mV Ho$bm Amho. hm A H$ àh$m{ev H$aÊ`mgmR>r _mobmmo _mj Xe Z Á`m Mo bm^bo Ago lr. JOmZZ _hmamo { e j U à g m a H $ _ S > i m M A Ü ` j _ m. ~r.ama.vmoîurdmb Am{U g MmbH$ _ S>i `m Mo Am^ma _mzuo H$V ì`mmm ^mj Amho. Á`m Mm AmdO wz C oi Ho$bm nm{hoo Ago _hm{dúmb`mmo àmmm` S > m. E g. E _. d S > J b ` m À ` m g V V À ` m A Z _ m b _mj Xe Zm_wioM A H$ nyu Îdmg Ambm Amho. g n m X H $ _ S > i m M g X ñ ` A m { U _hm{dúmb`mvrb gd àmü`mnh$ d H$_ MmardJ `m Zrhr Amdí`H$ Vo ghh$m` Ho$bo `mmr g nyu O m U r d A m h. A H $ m b m _ V é n X Ê ` m g m R > r _ X V H$aUmao lr.a{zb JaS> `m Zr n[al_ KoVbo. Ë`m_wio hm A H$ Amnë`mn`ªV nmohm{dvm Ambm. hm A H$ àh$m{ev H$aÊ`mgmR>r AZoH$m Zr àë`j d AàË`j Oo ghh$m` Ho$bo Ë`m gdmªmo `m {R>H$mUr F$U ì`º$ H$aUo H$V ì` Amho. `m dfuà`m A H$mMohr AmnU _ZmnmgyZ ñdmjv H$amb {hm Anojm! g nmxh$ kmzxrn /8

9 _amr>r {d^mj {eju/i Xmao _{Zfm/8 AmB /I Xmao Vm/8 ZmMy...Ÿ&& kmzxrn...ÿ&/hw$.kw Jmgo _{Zfm /9 AmB ~m~m _bm OJ nmhÿ Úm./Hw$.gmaS>m nwz_/12 hmñ`/hw$.à{vjm H$mÝhoS>/13 {eju/nwom ^wao/13 g VJwê$ a{dxmg (amo{hxmg)/h$m ~io AO`/14 A YlÜXm {Z_w bz:/h$m ~io g_mymz /15 OrdZ/nwOm ^wao/16 A YlÜXm {Z_w bz :/XodH$a Zmam`U/17 A YlÜXm {Z_w bz :/OmYd {H$aUHw$_ma/19 ào_/hw$.à{vjm H$mÝhoS>/20 eovh$è`mmr AmË_hË`m : EH$ gm_m{oh$ g_ñ`m/ amr>mos> g{mz/21 H$maU Vr AmB AgVo...!/_moao ~ Sy>/22 Hw$UrVar Agmd /nhmao a_oe/23 ju/nhmao a_oe/23 n T>arMr dmar/omyd em_amd/24 ^mdzm/nhmao a_oe/25 kmznrr> nwañh$ma {doovo/hw$.az_mob OmoJo/26 narjm/nmvio amow /27 ^mavaëz nwañh$ma/amhwb àymz/28 AmB /{Zem {gagmr>r/29 bnbobm Agy/_wb Jo énmbr/29 gw{dmma/hw$.nwom H$mÝhoS>/30 A YlX²Ym/Am{ef {H$V ZH$ma/30 ghdmg/i Xmao _{Zfm/30 nmpa/hw$.à{vjm H$mÝhoS>/30 eãxh$mos>o/dèhms>o Amo_ gwaoe/31 ^`M{H$V Z_mdo VwO a_ur/^wao AZwOm/31 doi/i Xmao Vm/31 em ` JmWm/^wao AZwOm/32 _wbrmm h $/Hw$.am`\$io {evb gy{zb/32 AmB /Hw$.am`\$io {evb /33 Aer _m` _mpr/hw$.am`\$io {evb gy{zb/33 AmB ~m~m/hw$.i Xmao qgyy /34 AmB Mo ào_/hw$.gmas>m nwz_ /35 hþ S>m~br ór Mo nì/hw$.gmas>m nwz_/35 gmdbr/hw$.gmas>m nwz_ /36 YaVrbo X S>dV/~{hUm~mB Mm Yar/36 J {hur/hw$._hmoz nwom /37 H${dVm/Hw$._hmOZ nwom/37 Z F$U OÝ_XoMo {\$Q>o/Hw$._hmOZ nwom/38 A V a J YÝ` Vo Á`mo{V~m Ÿ& YÝ` Vr gm{dìr/hw$._hmoz nwom/38 ét>tmm {ZfoY/Hw$._hmOZ nwom/39 ñdàn>vm/amd$v a JZmW/39 [ah$m_nu.../hw$.{gagmq> {Zem/40 Ambr bha Ho$bm H$ha/amD$V a JZmW/41 MwH$m/Hw$.gmoZQ> o$ ñzohm/41 ds>rbm Mo ì`º$s{mì/_moao {ZVoe/42 qhxr {d^mj Jm Yr Am a gw^mf H$_bqgh Mm hmz/hw$.gmzn d embr/44 EH$ nb/nwom Zo{_M X H$mÝhoS>/44 AmO H$s `wdm {nt>r/hw$.f${vh$m ~yago/45 M ÐeoIa AmOmX/Hw$.gwaoIm hþbo/46 AmVm Z hmo/hw$.amd$v XwJm /47 ~o{q>`m±/hw$.amd$v XwJm /47 Om`gr H$m CÎma/_mYwar dmkmm ao/48 {\$ë_ H$m B{Vhmg/{ZVoe ~ S>y _moao/49 AZmoIm _OmH$/Eg.nr. JrVo/50 H${dVm/JmWm Hw$ê$joÌ H$s /50 _ ^mav hÿ± ñdm_r am_vrw /JìhmUo Ama.`y./51 {hýxr ZÝX {H$emoa Jmo`b/Jmo{nZmW _w T>o/51 qhxy.../dmzgo A{Zb bú_u/52 do bmoj/nmhmao ìhr.~r./52 {dydm _m±/hw$.kwbo ìhr.e_./53 {nvm/h$moas>o {evb XeaW//53 ~hz H$m ß`ma/H$m ~io AO`/54 _ Zmar hÿ±.../zohm H$moQ>H$a/56 ~o{q>`m±/gmas>m nwz_/57 g ^bho$ MbZm/gmaS>m nwz_/57 H$m boo Ho$ {XZ/gmaS>m nwz_/58 H$~ra Ho$ Xmoho/nhmao AmH$me/58 _hmë_m Jm Yr/nwOm _hmoz/59 AO Vm/nwOm _hmoz/60 A YlÕm {Z_y cz H$s KmofdmŠ`o/nwOm _hmoz 60 qhxr h h_/d Zm amd$v/61 Jm` EH$ \$m`xo AZoH$/Amo_ dèhms>o/61 eoamo em`ar/62 {OÝXJr/g{Ve JìhmUo/62 XmoñVr ß`m go ~T>H$a h Ÿ&/{ZVoe _moao/63 J_u Ho$ Xmoho/{ZVoe _moao/63 EH$ gm/64 em`ar/64 em`ar/g{mz _m{uh$amd amr>mos>/65 nmzr Voao {H$VZo Zm_/Hw$.gmoZQ> o$ ñzohm/65 ñdxoer AnZmAm /g{mz amr>mos>/65 kmzxrn /9

10 AmO _wpo ^r {hýxr ~mobzo H$m em H$ Am`m/amOw nmvio/66 ^yh $n/qgyy I Xmao/67 qoxjr/qgyy I Xmao/67 ñd` H$s narjm/_{zfm Kw Jmgo/67 ~moyh$wm AmZ X Xmo!/JOmZZ gdio/68 nßnm/g_mymz H$m ~io/68 B J«Or {d^mj Martyr Dr. Narendra Dabholkar / Pooja Toshniwal / 71 Anti-Superstition & Black Magic Act 2013 / K. Jadhav / 74 Fighting Against Superstition / Miss Draupadi Kamble / 76 Moments / R. B. Patale / 77 Proud to be an Indian / Bhagvat Gavhane / 78 To be or not to be / Narayan Devkar / 80 Some interesting Facts & findings about Dolphins/ Mr. D. W. Patil,, Mr. S. S. Markad / 82 Losing My Religion: Review / Dr. D. G. Sawant / 84 Mahatma Jyotirao Phule: The Action Reformer of Maharashtra / Miss S. Y. Khillare / 87 Dr. B. R. Ambedkar / Sindhu Khandare / 89 On Top of the World / Khandare Mamta / 91 Some Good Thoughts / Pooja Mahajan / 92 [anmoq> To Youth Nothing is Impossible Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam / Pahare Akash R. / 93 Sorrows of Sparrows Navjyoti Dalal / Mahajan Pooja G. / 94 Education / S. S. B. Shekh / 94 Best Wishes / Pahare Akash Ramesh / 95 There Should be Someone / S.P.Dipake / 95 Laughter Points / 95 Emotions / 95 Stop Global Warming / Dhabe Priyanka / 96 William Shakespeare and the World Literature / Miss Sujata More / 97 Sant Gadegebaba: A Great Revolutionary Reformist / Miss Sonal Garpal / 99 Internal Quality Assurance Cell: IQAC / Dr. P. B. Patil / 101 {d^mj H«$sS>m {d^mj/120 gm ñh ${VH$ {d^mj/124 amï >r` godm `moozm/127 `ed Vamd MìhmU _wšv {dúmnrr>/131 E_. H$m _. nxì`wîma Aä`mgH«$_/131 Zm_Xod _hmamo nwê`{vwr/132 ^mfm d gm{hë` Aä`mg/132 OmJ{VH$ _{hbm {XZ/133 Aëng»`m H$ h $ {Xdg gmoam/133 _amr>r {d^mj/134 qhxr {d^mj/134 B{Vhmg {d^mj/135 g_moemó {d^mj/136 [anmoq> {d^mj One Day Workshop on the Process of Re-Accreditation / 104 Department of Fishery Science / 106 Department of English / 108 One Teacher-One Skill Workshop / 109 Golden Thoughts / 110 Depaartment of Physics / 111 Department of Geology / 112 Department of Microbiology / 114 Department of Chemistry / 115 Department of Economics / 116 Department of Commerce / 117 Parent Meet / 118 Library and Information Center / 119 kmzxrn /10

11 _ am R>r {d ^m J g nmxh$ {Zem lra J {gagmr> ~r.e. {ÛVr` df gh-g nmxh$ {ZVoe ~ Sy> _moao ~r.e. V Vr` df kmzxrn /11

12 {eju \$º$ dhr-noz åhuoo {eju Zìho Va ~wüxrbm kmzmh$s>o, e[aambm l_mh$s>o ZoÊ`mMm _mj åhuoo {eju Ogo Oodë`mda hmoumao g_mymz ho VmËnwaVo AgVo `mcbq> {ejumvyz {_iumar kmzmmr {exmoar Am`wî`^a nwavo nmoq>mmr ^wh$ ^mjdmdrm nu EH$ nmd$b nwt>o Q>mHy$Z {eju KodyZ _mugmzo ~wyaxrmr ^yh$ ^mjdmdr Ogm _muwg Cnmg_marZo Aeº$ hmodyz Aënm`wfr hmovmo Vgm Vmo {ejum^mdr qodvnur Xwgè`mMm Jwbm_ ~ZVmo. I Xmao _{Zfm AmB ~mim _bm ^wh$ Zmhr Ag AmB O ìhm åhum`mr Am_À`m Q>monë`mV V ìhm AmYuM ^mh$a Agm`Mr nmoq>^a Oodm`Mmo _r, Vr nmur {nd$z Pmonm`Mr nmoq> [ah$m_ Agm`M Var Jƒ S>moio {_Q>m`Mr am Ho$b g nv åhuwz, Mr_Ur {dpdyz Q>mH$m`Mr H$mù`m Hw$Å> A YmamVhr, ñdßz _mâ`mgmr>r nmhm`mr I Xmao Vm ~r.e. {ÛVr` kmzxrn /12

13 Hw$.Kw Jmgo _{Zfm _mamovr g H$bZ (~r.e.v Vr` df ) ""ZmMy H$sV ZmMo a Jr Ÿ&& kmzxrn bmdy OJr Ÿ& '' 88 ì`m A{Ib ^mavr` _amr>r gm{hë` g _obz Kw_mZ `owrb S>m.gXmZ X _moao `m Mo AÜ`jr` ^mfu nw S>{bH$ daxm har {dç>b@@ lr kmzxod Zm_Xod VwH$mam_ Ÿ&& _amr>r g ñh $Vrbm AmoiI XoUmè`m Á`m H$mhr Jmoï>r AmhoV Ë`m À`mn H$s EH$ gm{hë` g _obz. Ë`m_wio gm{hë` g _obz ^adm`mo H$s Zmhr hm MM omm {df` hmod$m eh$v Zmhr.gm{hË` g _obz åhuoo _amr>r Añ_rVoMm CËgdr Am{dîH$ma. `m g _obzmv gm{hë`mmr MMm hmouma ho CKS>M Amho. nu `m àh$maà`m MM obm. kmzì`dhmambm CËgdr dmvmdau bm^ê`mv J a H$m` Amho? CbQ> kmz Am{U CËgd `m Zr EH$M Zm XUo hr Am_Mr EH$ g mñh ${VH$ {güxr Amho. kmzoídd Amnë`m kmzoídar `m J«Wmbm kmzmmr {Xdmir åhuvmv. kmzhr gmoao H$aVm `m`bm hdo. g V Zm_Xodam` åhuvmv- ZmMy {H$V ZmMo a Jr Ÿ& kmzxrn bmdy OJrŸ& Amåhr dmmy nu Am{U ZmMy nu { _ Ì h m o, Y _ m Y _ m _ Y r b ^ o X m À ` m n b r H $ S > o O m ` M r d Ë`mgmR>r doiàg Jr Ë`m Ë`m Y_mªVrb H$_ R>m da Q>rH$m H$aÊ`mMr JaO ^mavmv n{hë`m Xm Zm_XodmZr gm {JVbobr d g _ H $ m b r Z { h X y A m { U _ w g b _ m Z ` m Z m I S > o ~ m o b EoH$dbo. hom Z Va H$~ram Zr Ho$bo, EH$ZmWmZr Ho$bo Am{U Jwé ZmZmH$ Xodm Zrhr Ho$bo. _hëdmmr Jmoï> hr H$s, g V Zm_Xodm Zr hm nm`m `owom åhuoo Ky_mZ `m Jmdr ambm Zm_Xodm À`m EHy$U H$mì`mVrb nxm Mm H$mhr ^mj Jwé AOw ZXodm Zr AmXanyd H$ g_mdoe Ho$bm. nu Zm_Xodm Mr hr nxo AmË_gmV H$aÊ`mMr à[h«$`m Jwé ZmZH$ Xodm nmgyz gwé Pmbr AgUma `mv e H$m Zmhr. _w»` _wôm hm Amho, H$s {h à{h«$`m H$mhr EH$V\$s ZìhVr. g V EH$ZmWm À`m _mü`_mvyz Jwé ZmZH$ XodgwÜXm Z m _ X o d m À ` m d m a H $ a r n a n a o V n m o h m o M b o. E H $ Z m W _hmamom Zrhr ZmZH$ ho OUy EH$- g VËdmMo, JwéËdmMo VËdM _mzbo Am{U Ë`mZwgma dojdojù`m gmywg VmMo C oihr "ZmZH$' Ago Ho$bo. Ë`mZwgma Zm_XodgwÜXm ZmZH$M AmhoV."Am a ZmZH$ Zm_m XaOrŸ&& Xod ^wbm`m XoIŸ&&' AmUIr "Am a ZmZH$ H$~ra hþamÿ&& XwOm H$_mb XoIŸ&& ~S>o ZmZH$ gmd Vm noq> {Mam`m XoIŸ&&'B... {Zd Îmr, kmzxod, Zm_Xod ho ZmZZH$ nyd Eo{Vhm{gH$ g V M H $ m ` n a V w à ë h m X m g m a» ` m n w a m U H $ m i m V r b h[a^º$m gmr>r EH$ZmWm Zr "ZmZH$' eãx à`wº$ Ho$bm. n Om~- _hmamï >mmm hm AZw~ Y Z VaÀ`m H$mimVhr A~m{YV am{hbm. Xhmdo Jwé Jmo[d XqgJ n Om~ gmosy>z _hmamï >mvrb Á`m Zm XoS> `owo Ambo. Vo Zm XoS> Zm_Xodm À`m Zagr `m JmdÀ`m Odi Amho. `m ~m~rbm Ho$di AnKmV _mzvm `ouma Zmhr, _mì n Om~Mm Am[U _hmamï >mmm g ~ Y Ho$di Y_m nyavmm _`m {XV ZAmho Ago g_om`mo H$maU Z m h r. " Y _ a m O H $ m a U g _ d o V M m b V r ' A g o E H $ m _hmamï >JrVmV åhq>bo Jobo Amho. hr Jmoï> n Om~À`m ~m~vrhr {VVH$sM Iar Amho; nu Ë`mnojmhr _hëdmmr Jmoï> åhuoo n Om~_Yrb amoh$mau Am{U _hmamï >mvrb amoh$mau `m À`mVhr AgmM {ZH$Q>Mm g ~ Y Amho. _ h m Z w ^ m d A m { U d m a H $ a r g à X m ` m À ` m kmzxrn /13

14 o > o y > w o > o o o o ² > o y o o > o o w > o «o o o o o o > o g m { h Ë ` { d H $ m a m Z r V a m ì ` m e V H $ m V _ a m R r ^ m f _ Y Z gm{hë`m{z{_ Vr H$am`bm gwédmv Ho$br. n H$s _hmzw^mdm Zr WmoS>çmM {XdgmV Amnbo gm{hë`m gm Ho${VH$ {bß`m _Ü`o ~Õ Ho$ë`m_wio gd gmymau _amr>r boih$- dmmh$m Zm Vo nmaio Pmbo. Ë`m_wio _amr>r gm{hë` ì`dhmamda Ë`mMm à ^ m d n S Ê ` m g d m d M a m { h b m Z m h r. Ë ` m _ i _ a m R r g m { h Ë ` m À ` m { d H $ m g m À ` m H $ m h r e Š ` V m A m n m A m n M _mdië`m. Ë`m_wio _amr>r gm{hë`mà`m {dh$mgmà`m H$mhr eš`vm AmnmoAmnM _mdië`m. {deofv; _amr>r JÚmÀ`m ~ m ~ V r V V a h à H $ f m Z O m U d V. M [ a Ì d m L _ `, AW {ZU `emó, ^mî`boiz, ì`mh$au Aem joìm _Ü`o _hmzw^dm Zr {dnwb Am{U XO oxma gm{hë` {Z_m U Ho$bo; nu Vo gm àxm{`h$m À`m H$jo~mhoa OmÊ`mMo XadmOo ~ X Pmë`mZo _amr>r gm{hë`mà`m {dh$mgmmr O~m~Xmar dmah$ar åhuoom kmzoída-zm_xodm À`m g àxm`mà`m bmoh$m da ns>br, Am{U hr O~m~Xmar Vo Odinmg nmm evho$ åhuoo AR>amì`m evh$mà`m _Ü`mn`ªV åhuoom g V {Zimo~mam`m À`m {Zdm Umn`ªV {Z^mdV hmovo. ` m g V m M m g m _ m { O H $ O m h r a Z m _ m k m Z í d a m À ` m n g m ` X m Z m V Z M ì ` º $ P m b m A m h A m { U V m d p í d H $ ñdénmmm Amho. `m _amr>rà`m ZJarV kmzooídam Zm ~«{dúomm gwh$mi H$am`Mm hmovm; nu hr Xoer-_amR>r ^mfm EH$ gwnrh$ O_rZ Amho, Ago énh$më_ {dymz H$éZ EH$sH$S>o {VÀ`m nmoq>mvrb gm{hë`énr gmoý`mà`m ImUr Ë`m Zm CKS>m`À`m AmhoV, Va XwgarH$S>o {VÀ`mVyZ {ddoh$m{yð>rv à_o`m Mo nrh$hr H $ m T m ` M A m h V, V a X g a r H $ S { O À ` m V ~ { d Ú M m ì`dhma gwimzom Mmbob Ago ZJahr dgdm`mo Amho. à m M r Z ^ m a V m V a m O Z r V r À ` m M M à _ m U M g m { h Ë ` e m ó m À ` m M M M r X I r b _ m R r n a n a m h m V r. kmzoíddm Zr hr na nam nyu nuo nmdbrh movr d Amnbr ñdv:mr ñdv Ì Aer g ÜXm {VH$ ^y{_h$mhr {güx Ho$br hmovr. AWm V Ë`m Zr H$mì`emómda ñdv Ì J«W {bhrbm Zgë`mZo d kmzoídargma»`m J«WmV Ë`mMr ñdv Ì MMm H$aUo Am {MË`mMmb Yê$Z Zgë`mMo Ë`m Zr Vr Ho$br Zmhr. H$s {VÀ`mV JrVmWm ~amo~a `m {güxm VmMrh gymz ìhmdo d VËdkmZ Am{U H$mì` `m À`mg ~ YrMr Amnbr _Vo H$m` AmhoV `mmrhr H$ënZm `mdr. Ë`mMm {gõm V Ë`m À`m H$mì`dhmamV ñdm^m{dh$nuo à{vq~~rv Pmbobm Amho. kmzoída- Zm_XodmZ Va gm{hë`rh$ åhuyz EH$ZmWm Mo Zmd `ov Agbo, Var Xaå`mZÀ`m H$mimVrb EH$ZmWm MoM n U O m o ~ m ^ m Z w X m g ` m M m C o I H $ a m ` b m h d m. EH$ZmWm À`m~Ôb Iyn H$mhr gm Jm`Mo ho ñwi Zìho. Ë`m À`m ^més>m_yyz _hmamï >mvrb ^Q>Š`m-{d_wº$m gh gd ~hþoz g_mom ì`º$ Pmbm Amho, EdT>o gm {JVbo åhuoo n y a o. A m n b m _ w» ` _ w Ô m n a n a o À ` m ^ m Z m M m h m o V m. V o EH$ZmWm _Ü`o AmoVàmoV ^ê$z Amog S>V AmhoV. ho g V {dç>bmmo dojdojio Ad`d Am{U Ab H$ma AmhoV. CXm. "kmzxod _wih$_i Ÿ& {Zd {ÎmXod _wjwq> PimiŸ& gmonmzxod Vmo {ZiŸ& Am{Xnwéf am`mmoÿ&&' `m {dç>bmmo Zm_Xod Am{U H$~ra hmo XmoZ AmoR> Agë`mMo EH$ZmW gm JVmV. Zm_Xod n[admamvrb Zmam, _hmxm, JmoqdXm, {dr>m `m {dç>bmà`m _oiboà`m N>moQ>çm K Q>m AmhoV. Xwgè`m EH$m énvmh$ Vo Zm_oXdm Zm XodmÀ`m J ù ` m V r b n X H $ å h U V m V. " A m R > { d V m Z m _ m n m d b m {dlm_mÿ& _moj_mju Amåhm dmq> PmbrŸ&&' `m eãxm V Ë`m Zr Zm_Xodm Mm Jm adhr Ho$bm Amho. EH$ZmWmZ Va bjmobj VwH$mo~m `ovmv. VwH$mo~m À`m kmzoída Zm_Xod, EH$ZmW Am{U H$~ra `m Mma "Ioir`m' `m Z_Z H$aUmao VwH$mo~m kmzoídam Mr Jwéna nam Am{U Zm_XodmMr H$mì`n anam Xwhoar Ym½`mZo `màdmhmer OmoS>bo Jobo AmhoV. g VmZr amboë`m _ {XamMm nm`m kmzoídam r ambm, Zm_Xodm Zr àë`j ~m YH$m_ H$éZ Ë`mMm {dñvma Ho$bm, EH$ZmWm Zr Ë`mbm Im ~ {Xbm VwH$mo~m Ë`mMo H$ig Pmbo, `m _ {Xamda ñdv: ~{hum~mbªzr ÜdOm \$S>H$dbr. Ago ho gbj d Eg K na naomo ^mz Amho. VoM nwt>o VwH$mo~mMo ñdßzmo{ôï> {eî` {Zimo~m `m À`mhr A^ Jm_YyZ {VVŠ`mM kmzxrn /14

15 àh$fm Zo àjq> Pmbo Amho. Á`m g Vgm{hË`m{df`r AmnU MMm H$arV AmhmoV Ë`m Mo d {eîq>` åhuoo Vo {bhrumao boih$, Á`m Zm ghgm g VH$dr åhuyz AmoiIbo OmVo, g_momà`m gd Wam _YyZ åhuoom dojdojù`m Om{VnmVt_YyZ Ambobo hmovo.ë`mv Á`mà_mUo nwéf hmovo Ë`mn«_mUo {ó`mhr hmoë`m Am{U _w»` åhuoo `m {ó`m Am{U Añn í` _mzbo Jobobo H$dr `m Mr JUZm Ho$di CÎmoOZmW `m gxamvho$br OmV ZgyZ Ë`m Zm nwaoer à{vð>m XoÊ`mV Ambr hmovr. _wº$m~mb, OZm~mB `m Mm A{YH$ma gd _mý` hmovm. hm _wôm AË` V _hëdmmm Amho, g VmMo A^ J Amoì`m Am{U noedmb V ~habobo nmodms>o Am{U bmdê`m ho gm{hë` _ a m R > r g _ m O m M r A m V [ a H $ J a O å h U y Z _ h m a m ï > m À ` m _mvrvyz CJdyZ Ambobo nrh$ Amho. g VmMr gm{hë`{z{_ Vr 1750 Xaå`mZ ñw{jv Pmbr Agbr Var bmdurgma»`m Jmoï>r Ë`m Mr OmJm KoD$ eh$ë`m ZmhrV Am{U _w»` åhuoo `m Zì`m ndm Vrb H$dtZr, g VmMr na nam qh$dm Ë`mMo _w»` àdmh AgUo ZmH$mabo Zmhr. Ë`mwio 1850 n`ªvà`m _amr>r gm{hë`mmm B{Vhmg gbj Am{U AI {S>V Amho. Vmo _amr>r g ñh $VrMm ñdm^m{dh$ ^mj Amho. g Vgm{hË`mMo _yë`_mnz {OH$Ë`m Imobda OmD$Z H$amb {VVHo$ Ë`mMo _hëd A{YH$ CbJS>ob. g Vm_Yrb A J^yV {ddoh$mmm C oi H$aVm Zm g V kmzoída åhuvmv, "M Ð VoWo M {ÐH$mŸ& e ^y VoWo A {~H$m' g V VoWo {ddoh$mÿ& AgUo OodrŸ&&' _amr>r ^mfoà`m `m ^y{_h$ "{ddoh$ dobr' bmdur hmod$ Úm, Aer kmzoídam Zr lrjwé Zm àmw Zm Ho$br hmovr ho AmnU OmUVmoM, gm{hë`énr gmoý`mmr ImU CKS>V AgVmZm {ddoh$énr dobrmm {dñvma H$am`bm {dgé ZH$m. gm{hë` g _obzmà`m {Z{_ÎmmZo AmO n Om~r Am{U _amr>r ^mfh$ {_iyz g V ~m~m Zm_Xodm H$S>o hom _mjuo _mjy `m. kmzxrn /15

16 Hw$.gmaS>m nwz_ g VmofHw$_ma ~r.h$m _.,{ÛVr` df AmB ~m~m _bm OJ nmhÿ Úm. "" _r Ago ~{hu ^m`m _mvm CX²`mMr dmt>{dvo emo^m XmoÝhr Hw$im Mr ór nwoz {h Amnbr g ñh $Vr åhuwzr Wm ~dm hë`m J^m Vrb _wbrmr OJ nmhÿ Úm _bm H$é{Z`m gý_mz _mâ`m OÝ_mMm '' AmO AmnU gjiom åhuvmo d EH$Vmo AmhmoV {H$ ór-^ U hë`m {h H$_r Pmbr Amho Am{U ho gd H$í`m_wio Va 1994 À`m PCPNDT H$m`Úm_wio. nu Oa Iè`m AWm Zo ~{KVbo Va {ó ^ U hë`m {h H$_r Pmbobr Zm{hM. {V Oa H$_r Pmbr AgVr Va AmO `m {df`mda {bhê`mmr JaOM ns>br ZgVr Am{U XoemV {ó d nwéf g»`m {h g_mz AgVr. EH$ _wbjr åhuvo AmB _r Xwgar H$moUr{h ZgyZ VwÂ`mM J^m V OÝ_mbm KmVbobm EH$ A e ~mobvo Amho. Vy Ogo OÝ_ KoD$Z ho OJ ~{KVbo, `m OJmV Amnbo EH$ dojio ñwmz"" AmXe {ó'' åhuwz {Z_m U Ho$bo Vgo _bm Xo{Ib H$am`Mo Amho. _bm{h `m OJmV `m`mo Amho. ho OJ ~Km`Mo Amho, _mpr hr B ÀN>m Amho ho OJ ~KÊ`mMr `m OJmV nmd$b Q>mH$Ê`mMr _mpr BÀN>m Amho. Vw Ogo KamV ZmË`m Mo ~ Y KmVbo Vgo _bm Xo{Ib Kmbm`Mo Amho. _bmhr VwÂ`mgmaI ho OJ ~Km`M Amho. nu Vy ho H$m g_oyz KoV Zm{hg? _bm `m OJmV H$m `od$ XoV Zm{hg? _bm ho OJ H$m ~Ky XoV Zmhr? _bm _m{hvr Amho {H$ VwPrhr B ÀN>m Agob _r `m OJmV `mdo, ho OJ ~Kmdo. Vwbm _bm MmbVm Zm hgvm Zm ~mobvm Zm IoiVm Zm ~Km`Mo Agob Am{U O ìhm _r Vwbm n{hë`m Xm "" AmB '' åhuwz hmh$ _maoz Ë`mdoiogMm Vmo ju Vwbmhr ~Km`Mm Agob, Ë`m jummm AmZ X `m`mm Agob. Vwbmhr dmq>v AgoZ {H$ VwÂ`m _wbmbm åhuoom _mâ`m ^mdmbm aju åhuwz amir ~m Ym`Mm _r OÝ_ hm KoVbmM nm{hoo. _r `m OJmbm qh$dm BVa H$moUmbmhr AmiIV Zmhr. _r OmUVo Vo \$º$ Am{U \$º$ AmB VwbmM. EdT>o _r OmUVoM Amho H$s, Vy _bm _mê$ eh$v Zmhr. H$maU Vwhr EH$ _wbjrm Amho. AmO g_momvrb bmoh$ Am{U n`m `mzo EH$ ór åhuoom Vy gwxym åhuvo {H$ ór-^ U hë`m {h H$_r Pmbobr Amho. Oa IaoM H$_r Pmbobr Agob Va _J _bm J^m VM AgVm Zm H$m _mab OmV? _J VyM gm J hr ór-^ U hë`m Zìh H$m? 21 ì`m evh$mvb gdm V _mor> XwX d åhuoo ór-^ U hë`m hmo`. AmO _mâ`m b¾mà`m doiog Vwåhmbm hþ S>m Úmdm bmjvmo, VgoM Vwåhmbm _r EH$ Ago AmoPo dmq>vo Oo {H$ H${Yhr H$_r hmod$ eh$v Zmhr. `m_wio Vwåhm gjù`m Zm _mpm OÝ_M hm ZH$mo dmq>vmo. Vwåhmbm \$º$ hdm AgVmo Vmo åhuoo "d emmm {Xdm, _wbjm' nu _r åhumbo, "A YmamV nuvrmmm COoS> ~am ' AmO Vwåhr d emà`m {Xì`mgmR>r d emmr nuvr {dpdvm AmhmV nu EdT>o Va g_oyz `m {H$ d emà`m `m {Xì`mV d emà`m kmzxrn /16

17 nuvrmr OiVr Á`moV Agë`m{edm` d emmm {Xdm àh$me XoB b Var H$gm? EdT>o hmod$z O ìhm _r OÝ_mbm Ambo V ìhm _bm gjù`m À`m Mohè`mH$S>o ~{KVë`mda \$º$ Am{U \$º$ Xw:I Am{U ZmamOrMo ^md {Xgbo. BVa OU Va OmD$ Úm, nu O ìhm _r _mâ`m ñdv:à`m AmB d{s>bm À`m Mohè`mH$S>o ~{KVbo V ìhm Ë`m À`m gwx²ym Mohè`mda _bm VoM ^md OmUdbo AmO _r Oar M Ðmn`ªV Pon KoVbr, A VamimV OmD$Z Ambo, EìhaoñQ> {eia ga Ho$bo, nu Varhr _bm AmOn`ªV BVam à_muo OJ ~Ky XoÊ`mMo ñdmv Í` {XboM Zmhr V ìhm _r _mor>r Pmbo V ìhm _bm KamnwaVoM _`m {XV R > o d Ê ` m V A m b o. B À N > m h m o V r _ m P r { e H $ Ê ` m M r n U KaÀ`m Mm {damoy EH$sH$S>o _Z Va XwgarH$S>o, KaMo Aem ~ YZmV _r AS>H$bo Zmhr. _bm H$moUr OJ nmhÿ {Xbo, hmñ` 1) EH$Xm g Vm A Kmoi H$aVmZm Im Úmbm d S>moŠ`mbm e ånw bmdv hmovm. ~m`h$mo : Ahmo, ho H$m` H$aVm`? e ånw \$º$ S>moŠ`mbm bmdm`mm AgVmo. g Vm : AJ dos>o hm gmym e åny Zmhr, hm Va hos> & emoës>a Amho, Ë`m_wio _r Im Úmbm d S>moŠ`mbm bmdv hmovmo. 2 ) nvr : {à`, Vw _mâ`m {OdZmVrb M Ð ~Z{eb H$m? nëzr : (AmZ Xr hmod$z).. H$m Zmhr? nvr : _J _mâ`m {OdZmnmgyZ Zoh_r 3,84,000 {H$._r. Xwa amhv Om. Hw$.à{Vjm Zo_rM X H$mÝhoS> 12 dr ({dkmz) b¾mà`m doir hþ S>m XoD$Z _bm {dhy$zr Q>mH$bo, b¾mz Va gmgar Ambo V ìhmhr _bm KamnwaVoM _`m {XV R>odÊ`mV Ambo, Zmhr H$moUr _bm OJ nmhÿ {Xbo, "" H$g OJmd Zm{h Cab {OdU gwa{jv ~mgzmy ZOam Zr ór OmVrbm Koab Ÿ& KQ>Zm {X rmr VmOr Vmoda _w ~B S>mJibobr Ÿ& gwa{jvvomr q^v OUy BWo ^mojmibobr Ÿ& '' "" Zmhr Cabm H$m`ÚmMm YmH$ Ë`m ZaY_m Zm '' Kmbr Alwda S>mH$m H$ar OrU~moMr amiÿ& "" JwÝhoJmar d ÎmrMo BWo ~moh$mibo \$ma åhuwzr JwÝhmJmamMo hmvnm` AmVm YS>mdoJio hmod$ Úm Ÿ&'' Am{U ór OÝ_mgmR>r nwýhm EH$Xm AmVm {edamá` `oc Úm Ÿ& {edamá` `oc Úm Ÿ&& {eju {ejumzo `ob Amnë`m OrdZmbm AmH$ma {ejum{dum hmob Zm H$moUVo Ü`o` Vo gmh$ma, {ejumzo OmJo A V_ ZmVrb MoVZm, A njmbmhr {_io `mzo MmbÊ`mMr àoaum {ejumbm åhuvmv {Vgam Vmo S>moim, A V_ ZmVyZ H$io, eìwmm S>mdm Vmo H$mim, ì`dhmar `wjmv \$gvmo, _muyg Vmo ^moim, {ejumzom \w$bo, àjvrà`m gd H$im {ejum{dum OrdZ, ho AYwao, Oo {eh$bo Zmhr, Vo A^mJrM ~mnws>o, R>m`r R>m`r {_io, H$moUVo Var {eju nar OmU hmoê`mmr, hdo _ZmMo g doxmz nwom ^wao kmzxrn /17

18 H$m ~io AO` Zm_Xod ~r.h$m _.,àw_ df g VJwê$ a{dxmg (amo{hxmg) ^mav Xoe ^ì` Amho. `m XoemVrb _mvrmm àë`oh$ H$U n{dì Amho. ^JdmZ am_ Am{U lrh $îu `m _mvrv Z m X b o. h O m a m o F $ f r Z r _ m Z d m À ` m O r d Z C Î m m Z m g m R > r ñdv:mo OrdZ dombo. eoh$s>mo g V bmoh$m Mo hmv nh$sy>z Ë`m Zm `mo½` _mjm da KoD$Z Jobmo hr VrM ^w_r Amho OoWo bmoh$m Zr à^wh$m`m gmr>r ñdv:mo OrdZ g_{n V Ho$bo. A~ H $go H$ho am_ Zm_ aq> bm Jr Ÿ& à^wor Vw_ M XZ X_ nmzr Ÿ& à^wor Vw_ ñdm_r h_ Xmgm E gr ^º$s H$ao a{dxmg Ÿ&& ( amo{hxmg) H $ m _ - H $ a V m - H $ a V m à ^ w ñ _ a U H $ a U o h m Á ` m M m OrdZ_ Ì hmovm Aem amo{hxmgmo OrdZ AmO hr VodT>oM à^mdr Amho. ~mbnu : g V (Jwê$) amo{hxmgmm OÝ_ H$mer Odb JmodY Znya Zm_H$ JmdmV OÝ_ Pmbm Ë`mÀ`m d{s>bmmo Zmd akw Am{U AmB Mo Zmd H$mbgr hmovo. Ë`mMo d{s>b Vº$mbrZ (amom) Xa~mamV Mm H$sXmamMo H$m_ H$aV hmovo. Ë`m Zm ~aom df} g VmZ hmov ZìhVo, Iwn dfmªzr àmw Zm Am{U VníM`m Ho$ë`m_wio Ë`mÀ`mH$S>o à^w H $nozo EoH$m X dr nwìmmm OÝ_ Pmbm Ë`mMo Zmd amo{hxmg R>odÊ`mV Ambo. Ë ` m À ` m O Ý _ m { d f ` r E H $ X V H $ W m A m h o { H $ OÝ_Pmë`mnmgyZ Vo EH$Xmhr as>bo ZmhrV. øm àg JmVyZ EH$ Jmoï> bjmv `ovo H$s Ë`m À` OÝ_ as>ê`mgmr>r Pmbobm ZìhVm, Va homamo _mugm Mo é XZ nwa H$aÊ`mgmR>r Pmbobm hmovm. amo{hxmgmo b¾ ~mbd`mvm Pmbo. Ë`mMr nëzr gwüxm Ë`m Zm gëh$m`m V ghh$m` H$aV Ago. amo{hxmg _mor>o P m ë ` m Z V a Ë ` m Z r ñ d H $ _ m b m _ h Î d X o D $ Z _ m o Ë ` m M m ì`dgm` Am{U {nho$ gmr>r pñdh$mabm. g V H $~a Am{U g V amo{hxmg g_h$m{bz hmovo. XmoKohr EH$mM JwéMo am_mz X ñdm_rmo {eî` hmovo. XmoKo EH$Ì kmzmnmgzm H$arV. g V amo{hxmgmmr {H$Vu AmgnmgÀ`m n[agamv ngam`bm bmjbr Ver Vmº$mbrZ H$_ {H$S>r ~«måhum Zm hr {H$Vu S>moù`mV gmair Iwny bmjbr Ë`m Zr amo{hxmgbm H$_r boiê`mmm à`ëz Ho$bm eodq>r Ë`m Zr amoxa~mamv JwÝhm Zm X{dbm H$s `jmo¹$vzgvm Zmhr d {XH$ kmzmmm àmma H$[aV AmhoV. amoxa~mamv ~mobdmzo Ambo. amoxa~mamv ñdv:à`m à^mdr dšë`mzo g V amo{xgmzo gdmªmo _Z qoh$bo Am{U (Jwê$ a{dxmg) ho {~ê$x {_i{dbo. _hmz H $îu ^º$ {_am~mb Zo XoIrb gx²jwê$ g V {_bo amo{hxmg Ago åhuwz VmoM Jwé åhuwz pñdh$ma Ho$bm.Ë`m À`m Jm`boë`m amzm {bz öx`mv ~gë`m AmhoV Ë`m AmO gwüxm Jm`ë`m OmVmV. {eim Mm Y_ J«W Jwé J«W gmho~mv Ë`m À`m AZoH$ amzm Mm g_mdoe H$aÊ`mV Ambm Amho. Ë`m À`m OrdZmVrb EH$ Ñï>rV Amho. EH$Xm bmoh$ g_whmv J Jm_mVoM Xe Z KoÊ`mgmR>r {ZKVmV Ë`m À`mH$S>o a m o { h X m g A m n b r h r E H $ d ñ V w J J m _ m V o b m A n U H$aÊ`mgmR>r XoVmo, Vmo g_wxm` nwt>o {ZKVmo. gd OU J Jm {H$Zmar _¾ AgVmV. amo{hxmgm Mr dñvw J Jm _mvog XoÊ`mg {dgavmv. V ìhm J Jm _mvm ñdv: àh$q> hmovo Am{U g V amo{hxmgm Zr {Xbobr dñvw _mjyz KoVo. øm àg JmV ^º$m Zm amo{hxmgmà`m H$_ `mojmmo Xe Z hmovo. J Jm XoIrb Aem ^º$m Zm ^oq>ê`mg AVya AgVo. Agm H$_ `mojr ^º$ EH$ {Xdg B ídamv brz Pmbm. H$mhmo Om`, H$mer J Jm Ÿ& _Z M Jm Vmo H$Q>moVr _o J JmŸ&. kmzxrn /18

19 H$m ~io g_mymz CÎm_amd ~r.e.,v Vr` df A YlÜXm {Z_w bz : H$mimMr JaO ({Z~ Y ñny}vrb àw_ H«$_m H$mMm {Z~ Y) OJm_Ü`o gjirh$s>o hr A YlÜXm ngabobr AmnUmg AmO {XgV Amho. Ë`mn H$s ^mavmv `m àh$maà`m A YlÜXm ø m A m n ë ` m b m O m ñ V n m h Ê ` m g { _ i V m V. A e m A YlÜXm_wio J[a~ lr_ V Ago ì`º$s øm A YlÜXo_Ü`o Jwa\w$Q>bobo AmhoV. `m Aem Jwa\w$Q>boë`m g_momvrb ì`º$s Zm _hmamï >m_yrb A YlÜXm {Z_w bzmmr H$m`Xm ApñVËdmV AmUUmao S>m. Za Ð Xm^mobH$a `m Zr A YlÜXoda AmdmO CR>dbm hmovm. _mì `m _hmz ì`º$sbm nwê`mv gh$mir _maê`mv Ambo, Agm hm _hmz nwéf A YlÜXm {Z_w bzm_ü`o Amnbo {OdZ g n{dbo Aem `m ì`{º$_wio A YlÜXm {Z_w bzmmr AmJ noq>br d AZoH$ {R>H$mUr Ë`mMo {d{dy ns>gmx AmnUmg nhmd`mg {_imbo. AmnU Oa AmO {dmma Ho$bm Va J«m_rUM Zmhr Va ehar ^mjm_ü`o gwüxm `m A YlÜXoZo gd g_mom_yrb _mzd OmVrbm EImÚm amojmgmai J«ñV H$éZ Q>mH$b Amho. A YlÜXo_Ü`o AmO Xodr XodVm g_moa Zdg åhuwz àmê`mmm ~ir XoÊ`mV `ovmo Am{U Z Va VoWrb nwomar Ë`m àmê`mà`m _m gmbm {dh$ê`mmo H$m_ ho nwoma H$aV AgVmV. Aem àh$mao Xodr-XodVm À`m Zmdmda Ë`m _ XramMo nwomar, _ XramMo AÜ`j hr Wmoa _mugo Amnbm Y Xm KoD$Z ~gbo AmhoV Am{U `m À`mda Oa H$moUr AmdmO CR>dbm Va Ë`mMo hmb S > m. X m ^ m o b H $ a m g m a I o h m o V m V. ` m À ` m g m R > r H $ m o U r `m À`m{déÜX ~mobê`mg V`ma hmov Zmhr d g_mom_yrb OZVoV `m ét>rmm A{Zð> n[aum_ hmovmo, `m àh$maà`m ét>r na nam _wimvyz CISy>Z H$mT>mì`mM bmjuma AmhoV. AmO g_mom_ü`o ~wam ~mor, \$H$sa `m Mo AñVrËd Iwn dmt>bo Amho. ho ì`º$s ^moù`m OZVobm bw~ms>ê`mm H$m_ H$[aV AmhoV. H$mhr {R>H$mUr A YlÜXobm Wmam Zmhr _mì H$mhr {R>H$mUr Oer EImÚm Xmê$ {numè`mbm Oer Zem `ovo, Oer Jm Á`m, A\w$ {numè`mbm Zem `ovo Ver øm A YlÜXo_Ü`o AS>H$boë`m Zm hr Zem `ovo. AmnU Xodmda {dídmg R>odm qh$dm R>oD$ ZH$m Ë`m À`mda lüxm R>odm AWdm R>oD$ ZH$m, _mì H$moUmda A YlÜXm R>ody ZH$m, Vo åhuvmv åhuwz AmnU nu VoM H$am`M Ag H$é ZH$m. Aao Xwgè`mMo E H$ë`mZo H$moUmMoM ^bo qh$dm Mm Jbo Pmbo Zmhr, Vwåhr Aem ^m Xw ~m~m Zm H$moR>oM Wmam XoD$ ZH$m Aem ^m Xy ~m~m Zm Mm JbM ~XmSy>Z H$mT>m, Ago Ho$bo VaM A YlÜXoda AmnUmg Ambm KmbVm `ob b Am{U hr H$mimMr JaO gwüxm Amho. A YlÜXm Am{U ~XbMr Hw$R>brhr Jmoï> Oa H$moR>o AmT>ibr Va VoWoM Ë`mbm AmnU {_iyz Wm ~{dbo nm{hoov. Amnë`m g_mom_ü`o Oa H$moUmMo b¾ hmov Zgob Va ^m Xy ~m~mh$s>o OmVmV Am{U Vmo gm JVmo H$s Ago gmoim (16) gmo_dma Cndmg H$a qh$dm (5) nmm e{zdma Vw Cndmg H$a d Xodmbm nmm Zmai dmhþz Q>mH$ qh$dm EImXm Zdg H$~wb H$a V ìhm VwP b¾ hmob b, Ago Vmo ^m Xw~m~m A YlÜXo_Ü`o KÅ> AS>H$boë`m Jmoa-J[a~ OZVobm Vmo gm JV AgVmo. Ë`m ~m~mbm _m{hb AgVo H$s `mm `m gmoim öx`m_ü`o H$moR>oVar O_ob ZmhrVa nwýhm Ë`mda Cnm` gm JVm `ovrb. _mì Cndmgm_Ü`oM Oa Ë`m ì`º$mbm _mju kmzxrn /19

20 Amb Va Vo gd bm^ Ë`m ^m Xy ~m~mbm XoVmV d Ë`mnwT>o Vmo ~m~m Oo gm JoZ Vo gd _ S>ir H$aob Agm Ë`mbm {dídmg AgVmo. H$mhr {R>H$mUr nwìàmárgmr>r AZoH$ {R>H$mUr gmh$s>o KmVbo OmVo H$s Xodm _r Vwbm ~moh$s> ~ir XoB Z Am{U OodU KmbrZ Ago gm JyZ A YlÜXobm JwT> H$aÊ`mMo ho à`ëz AgVmV Am{U Ë`m _{hbobm {Xdg Jobo qh$dm Vr ór J^ dvr Pmbr Va Vr XodmMr XoUJr g_pwz Vr XodmÀ`m ZmdmZo Mm J^b H$aVmV d ZdgmÀ`m ZmdmZ Xwgè`m AmB M _wb åhuoom EImÚm OZmdamMm ~ir XodmÀ`m ZmdmZo XoÊ`mV `ovmo, Aem A YlÜXm ~ X ìhm`bmm nm{hoov hr H$mimMr JaO Amho. _ h m a m ï > m À ` m _ m V r _ Ü ` o W m o a { d M m a d V O g o o e m h þ _hmamo, _.\w$bo, S>m.Am ~os>h$a, AÊUm^mD$ gmr>o Aí`m OrdZ åhuoo Am`wî`mMm ^ma OrdZ åhuoo Am`wî`mV Vma OrdZ AgVo ^avrmr AmhmoQ>r OrdZ AgVo, _ZmMr AmhmoQ>r OrdZ Wmoa {dmmad Vm Zr d _hmnwéfm Zr A YlÜXm gmos>m Ago gm {JVbo. g_momvrb ^moù`m OZVobm H$moUrhr \$gdob Ë`mgmR>r S>m.~m~mgmho~m Zr øm A YlÜXobm dmmm \$mos>br d _Uwñ_ Vr XhZ Ho$bo ho _Uwñ_ Vr AmO AgVr Va g_mo AZoH$ Omù`m_Ü`o AS>H$bm AgVm d nwýhm ^mavmda Xwgè`mMo amá` Mmby Pmbo AgVo. VgoM øm A YlÜXoda AmnU gwüxm Amim Kmbm`bm nm{hoom Ogo AmOÀ`m `wjm{vb _hmnwê$f S>m.Za Ð Xm^moiH$a `m À`m_wio AmO øm g_momv H$mhr à_mumv H$m hmob Zm A YlÜXobm Ambm KmbÊ`mV `eñdr Pmë`mMo {MÌ nhmd`mg {_ivo Amho Am{U A YlÕm {Z_w bz hr H$mimMr JaO Amho ho nu AmnU bjmv KoVbo nm{hoo. OrdZ ho OJÊ`mMo gmyz OrdZ ho _aê`mmo AmYmZ OrdZ Amho Var H$m` OrdZ Amho g H$Q>mMr Mmhþb OrdZ Amho gwimmr dmq> OrdZ Amho Xw:ImMr gmw OrdZ ho öx`mmo H$U OrdZ hom ào_mmo YZ OrdZ H$Yr gwimmo OrdZ H$Yr Xw:ImMo OrdZ H$Yr `ov OrdZ H$Yrhr OmV OrdZmMr dmq> gai H$m dmh$s>r `mbmm Va OrdZ åhuvmv. nwom ^wao kmzxrn /20

21 XodH$a Zmam`U gimam_ ~r.e.,v Vr` df A YlÜXm {Z_w bz : H$mimMr JaO ({Z~ Y ñny}vrb {ÛVr` H«$_m H$mMm {Z~ Y) 19 Am{U 20 do evh$ EH$ à~moyz `wj åhuwz AmoiIbo OmVo Am{U 21 ì`m evh$mbm {dkmz `wj åhuwz g ~moyvmv. {dkmzmzo Iwn àjvr Ho$bobr {XgVo. _mì `mm evh$mbm åhuoo AmO{_Vrbm _mzd Amnb Am`wî` gwir ì h m d ` m g m R > r A m O A Y l Ü X o À ` m A m h m a r O m V m Z m Amnë`mbm {XgVmV. {Xdg {Xdg AmO _mzdmmr ñdmwu d Îmr {XgV Amho. n gmà`m gwimgmr>r, ^m VrH$ gwimgmr>r AmO A YlÜXobm ~ir ns>vmo. A m O A m n ë ` m _ h m a m ï > m _ Ü ` o A Z o H $ g V m Z r, _ h m n w ê $ f m Z o A Y l Ü X m { Z _ w b Z m g m R > r E H $ { d k m Z d m X r Ñï>rH$moZmMr JaO Amho `mgmr>r Amnbo Am`wî` IMu Ho$bo. AmO Amnë`m _hmamï >mbm nwamojm_r AmoiI bm^br Amho. _mì `mm nwamojm_r _hmamï >mv A YlÜXoMm ~moma ^av, Za~ir, V Ì-_ Ì `mà`m Zmdmda, Y_m À`m Zmdmda AkmZr g_mombm bw~ms>umao, ^m Xw~m~m AmO Hw$Rw>Z {Z_m U hmov AmhoV? dfm}nwdu VwH$mam hmamo åhuwz Jobo, E go H $go Ho$bo ^m Xw Ÿ& H$_ H$amoZr åhuvr gmyw Ÿ&& A Jm bmdy{z`m ami S>moio PmHy$Zr H$aZr nmn Ÿ&& A m O Y _ m À ` m Z m d m d a, X o d m À ` m Z m d m d a, ^ m X y ~m~m Zr Amnbm ~moma _m S>bm Amho. amo dv _mz nìmvyz, àgma _mü`_mvyz AmnU amoo dmmvmo, JwáYZmgmR>r nmoq>à`m _ w b m b m d _ w b r b m ~ i r X o Ê ` m M o à H $ m a K S V A m h o. new~irmo àh$ma, XodmÀ`m Zmdmda hmovm Zm {XgV Amho. AmO _wb hmov Zmhr Zdg Ho$bm OmVmo. hr EH$ A YlÜXm åhumdr bmjob. H$maU VwH$mam hmamo åhuvmv, Zdgo H$Ý`m nwì hmovr Ÿ& H$m H$aUo bmjo nvr Ÿ&& hm EH$ {dkmzdmxr {dmma Amnë`m g VmZr gm {JVbm. ` m A Y l Ü X o b m, ~ w d m ~ m Á ` m À ` m I m o Q > m a S > o n U m b m Amim ~gmdm, XodmÀ`m Y_m À`m Zmdmda Mmbbobm Jm Yi Wm ~mdm d OZVoMr _mzgrh$, AmWuH$, gm_morh$ ZwH$gmZ H$aUmao H$m`ÚmMm ~S>Jm XmIdyZ Ë`m À`mda H$m`ÚmZwgma {ejm {_imdr `mgmr>r Za Ð Xm^moiH$a `m Zr Amnbo Am`wî` IMu Ho$bo. Ë`m À`m H$m`m À`m {damoymv OmdyZ Za Ð Xm^mobH$a `m Zm A YlÜXm {Z_w bzmgmr>r A{Zg `m g KQ>ZoMr ñwmnzm Ho$br. XodmMm Y_m Mm dmna H$éZ Amnbo Kao ^aumao, OZVoMr bw~ms>uwh$ H$aUmao, ~wdm~mor, V Ì_ Ì, MoQH$s, ^mzm_vr `m Mo g_w Z H$aUmao d g_mommr, gm_morh$, Am{W H$ _mzgrh$ {niduyh$ H$aUmao ^m Xy ~m~m `m Zm Amda ~gmdm d g_mom_ü`o {dkmzdmxr Ñï>rH$moZ {Z_m U ìhmdm `mgmr>r OmXwQ>moZm {dyo`h$ AmUÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m Zm eodq>à`m œmgmn`ªv g Kf H$amdm bmjbm. _mì OmXwQ>moZm {dyo`h$ nmg hmod$z Oa Oo A _bmv Amb Va Amnbo nmoq> H$go ^auma n gm H$gm {_iuma, Amnbo Y Xo ~ X ns>vrb `mmr {^Vr H$mhtÀ`m _ZmV hmovr åhuwz Ë`m A{dMmar bmoh$m Zr `m {dyò H$mbm Om{hanUo {damoy Ho$bm. AmO `mm _hmamï >mmr \w$bo-emhÿ -Am ~os>h$am Mm nwamojm_r _hmamï > Aer Eo{VhmgrH$ AmoiI Amho. Ë`mM kmzxrn /21

22 nwamojm_r _hmamï >m_ü`o Za Ð Xm^moiH$am Mm IyZ Pmbm Am{U XwX d `m _hmamï >mm Ë`m Mo IwZr gmns>v ZmhrV d Ë`m Mo IwZr gmns>mdo åhuwz Oa ßb±MoQ>Mm dmna Ho$bm OmVmo Va hr Amnbr \$ma _mor>r MwH$ Amho. AmOMm g_mo A YlÜXo _Ü`o {OVH$m ~ws>vmo Ë`mÀ`m nojm OmñV Vmo ~ws>dë`m OmVmo Am{U `mm g_mombm Oa OmJ V H$am`Mo Agob Va AmO A YlÜXm {Z_w bzmmr JaO Amho Omo H$moUr `mmm dmna H$aob, A YlÜXobm ~ir ns>ê`mg H$maUr^wV R>aob Ë`mbm {ejm ìhmdr `mgmr>r H$m`ÚmMr JaO Amho. AmO `mìo_ü`o AZoH$ AKmoar àwm AgVmV `m AKmoar àwobm Amim ~gmdm `mgmr>r OodT>r H$m`ÚmMr JaO Amho {VVH$sM g_mo à~moyzmmr JaO Amho. AmO Oa H$moUmÀ`m _ ÌmZo, qb~mzo, Xmoè`mZo Oa Xw:I ~ao Pmbo AgVo Va XdmImÝ`mMr JaOM H$m`? AmO Oa `m Xoembm A YlÜXoÀ`m OmoIS>mVwZ _wº$ H$am`Mo Agob Ë`mgmR>r Iwn n[al_ H$amdo bmjvrb Am{U Ë`mgmR>r à`ëz XoIrb Mmbw AmhoV. AmO _hmamï >^a A YlÜXm {Z_w bz g{_vrmo í`m mzd ho gwüxm Mm Jbo H$m_ H$aV Amho. àm.í`m mzd åhumbo hmovo H$s, _bm EH$hr Iam _ m { Ì H $ { _ i m b m Z m h r, ~ a m o ~ a M A m h o H $ m a U _ m { Ì H $ ZmhrM, IamoIaM Ë`m Zr Mmbdbobr hr _mohr_ \$ma Mm Jbr Amho. A{Zg gmair g KQ>Zm Á`m à_muo A YlÜXm {Z_w bzmmo H$m` H$aVo Ë`mbm VéUm Mm nwu nuo nmr>t~m Agm`bm hdm. A{Zg hr g KQ>Zm A YlÜXm {Z_w bzmmo H$m` H$aVo. åhuoo Vr XodmÀ`m Y_m À`m {damoymv ZgwZ Vr XodmÀ`m, Y_m À`m Zmdmda g_mommr bwq> H$aUmè`m {damoymv Amho. AmO A YlÜXoVyZ _mugmbm _wº$ H$am`Mo Agob Va AZoH$ H$m` H«$_ am~dmdo bmjvrb. A YlÜXm OodT>r H $ m ` Ú m Z o { _ Q > o b, V o d T > r M V r g _ m O à ~ m o Y Z m À ` m H$m` H«$_mÀ`m _mü`_mvyz Xwa hmob b. Ë`mgmR>r Imbrb Jmoï>tMm {dmma H$éZ H $Vr H$amdr bmjuma Amho. O m X y Q > m o Z m { d Y o ` H $ m M r à ^ m d r n U o A _ b ~ O m d U r H$aUo H$m`ÚmÀ`m H$MmQ>çmV gmns>umè`m Zm H$m`ÚmZwgma `mo½` Vr {ejm {_im`bmm hdr J` Ho$ë`m Omdy Z`o. A YlÜXm {Z_w bzmgmr>r nwzmq>çm gmaio H$m` H«$_ KoUo, {Z~ Y, dº $Ëd ñnym Am`moOrV H$éZ Ë`m Zm _m{hvr XoUo. emim, _hm{dúmb`m_ü`o A YlÜXm {Z_w bzmda ì`m»`mz Am`moOrV H$aUo. àmë`{jho$ XmI{dUo, g nyu VéUm Zr Ë`mbm CËñ\w$V à{vgmx Agbm nm{hoo. EH$ Mm Jbm S>moig {dkmzdmxr Ñï>rH$moZ g_moa R>oD$Z nwzmq>ç, ZmQ>H$, {gzo_m_ywz OZOmJ Vr H$aZo, àë`oh$mzo _r Aem Hw$R>ë`mM A YlÜXobm ~ir ns>uma Zmhr Aer enw KoUo. AmO A JmV Xod `ovmo Aer EH$ A YlÜXm Amho. AmO AZoH$ ^m Xw ~m~m ho XodmÀ`m Zmdmda A YlÜXm H$éZ nmn H$aVmV, Aem Zm Amdab nm{hoo Am{U Xod Oa H$moUmbm nhm`mm Agob Va amï >g V VwH$mam hmamo åhuvmv, Oo H$m a Obo Jm Obo Ÿ& Ë`mgr åhuo Omo Amnwbo Ÿ&& VmoMr gmyw AmoiImdm Ÿ& Xod VoWoMr OmUmdm Ÿ&& qh$dm g V H$~ra _hmamo åhuvmv, ZJa, ZJa, S>Ja, S>Ja Ÿ& H$hm± Tw>±T>am ^JdmZ ao Ÿ&& èhx` nq> Vy Imob Oam Ÿ& Voao A Xa hr ^JdmZ ao Ÿ&&. kmzxrn /22

23 OmYd {H$aUHw$_ma em_amd ~r.e.,v Vr` df A YlÜXm {Z_w bz : H$mimMr JaO ({Z~ Y ñny}vrb V Vr` H«$_m H$mMm {Z~ Y) A YlÜXm åhuoo A Y+lÜXm = Am Yù`m bmoh$mmr lüxm qh$dm {dídmg hmo`. ho A Y bmoh$ åhuoo AmS>mZr Zìho Va Oo bmoh$ OmñV {eh$bobo AmhoV VoM OmñV à_mumv A Y AmhoV. H$maU A{e{jV hm gkmzr Am{U {ejrv hm AkmZr hmov Amho H$m? H$maU H$mhr {Xdgmnwdu _r {Q>.ìhr.darb Pr AZ_mob da amìr 11 dm. EH$ {g[a`b bmjvo- "\o$aa \$mbëg ' Ë`m_Ü`o ~{KVbo H$s EH$m àmü`mnh$mà`m ~m`h$mobm _wb hmov Zmhr, Vo Iwn XdmImZo H$aVmV nu eodq>r Ë`m Zm H$moUrVar OmXwQ>moUm {df`r gm JV Am{U Vo Ë`mbm ~ir ns>vmv, Ë`mMm \$m`xm Va H$mhrM hmov Zmhr nu Ë`m {XdgmnmgwZ Mmby hmov EH$ stranger episode ^wvmmo _ Ì, dojdojio AmdmO, _mugmà`m hms>mà`m H$dR>çm Am{U EH$ _ ÌH$ `m gdm _Ü`o gmü` Va H$mhrM hmov Zmhr nu Ë`m órbm ZmhH$ {VMm àmu J_dmdm bmjvmo. AmVmM H$mhr {Xdgmnwdu Amnë`m H$m booà`m H$mhr A Vamda qhjmobrbm OmVmZm EH$ Jm d bmjv nwgojm d, V o W r b { h K Q > Z m. H w $ R > ë ` m V a r ~ m ~ m Z g m { J V b E H $ m Hw$Qw> ~mbm {H$ Vw_À`m OmJoV gmoz Amho Am{U Vo gmoz Oa H$mT>m`M Agob Va Vwåhmbm Ë`m gmoý`mbm em V H$amd bmjob. Ë`mgmR>r H$mhr nwoomo gm{hë`, EH$ XmoZ Vm {ÌH$ Am{U gdm V _hîdmm åhuoo EH$m _wbmmm ~ir bmjvmo. H$maU ho gmoz Iwn _mor> Am{U OwZ Amho, Vo _mugmà`m aº$m{edm` em V hmouma Zmhr, Ë`mbm Oa em V Ho$b VaM Vo Amnë`mbm H$mhrhr H$aUma Zmhr. nu {h Jmoï> JwnrV am{hbr Zmhr Am{U Vwåhmbm Va _mhrvm Amho {H$ A{e H$mhr Jmoï>r CKS> Pmbr {H$ Vr Wm ~dbr OmVo Am{U Ë`m Jmoï>rnmgwZ ni H$mT>ë`m OmVmo {h Jmoï> àgma _mü`_mv Ambr Zmhr Va Vr Xm~wZ Q>mH$Ê`mV Ambr. OmXwQ>moUm, ^wvàov ho åhuoo H$m` Va ñdv:bm Am{U g_mombm {Z¹$ {ZŠIb dos>çmv H$mT>Ê`mM gmyz Amho. ^wv åhuoo H$m` Va _mugmbm Pmbobm ^«_ hmò. Am_À`m JmdmV EH$ _wbjm amoo-amoo Om Jbrda Om`Mm. EH$ {Xdg Vmo _mâ`m g nh$m V Am{U _r Ë`mbm amìr {Q>.ìhr. nmhê`mg gm {JVb Amåhr {\$Ma nmhv hmovmo. Zo_H$m Ë`m {Xder a { d d m a h m o V m A m { U a m Ì r A m H $ a m d m O V m _ r " { \ $ A a \$mbëg' hr {garab bmdbr. Ë`mZrhr ~KrVbr Am{U Vmo eovmda OmJbrgmR>r {ZKmbm, OmVmZm Ë`mbm Ë`m {g[aab _Yrb H$mhr nmq> Mm ^«_ hmov hmovm. A Ymar amì, Vmo amv{h$s>çmmm AmdmS>, _Ü`oM dmq>dmkmoirm {M-{M H $ a V O m Z A m { U A M m Z H $ E H $ m P w w S w > n m V H $ m h r V a r hmbê`mmm AmdmO Ambm, Vmo EdT>m Km~abm H$s Vmo n Yam {Xdg AmOmar ns>bm, AmVm Amnë`mbm Zo_H$ BWo ho g_ov H$s ^wv åhuoo H$m` Va _mugmbm Pmbobm ^«_ hmo`. H$mhr bmoh$mm Va nmoq> ^aê`mm gmyzm ^wvàov, H$mir OmXy qh$dm AmË_m AgZ ho Pmb Amho. H$maU H$m_ H$aÊ`mV H$mhrM _mo~xbm ^oq>v Zmhr Va ^wv~myov H$mhr _ Ì, H$mhr nwoomr gm_j«r Am{U H$mhr _mugmmo hms>o EH$Ì Ho$ë`mZo OodT>o n go ^oq>vmv VodT>o H$m_ Ho$ë`mZo H$YrM kmzxrn /23

24 {_iv ZmhrV Am{U ho bmoh$ Omo Ë`mMm ì`dgm` ~ X nms>ê`mmm à`ëz H$aVmo Ë`mMm IwU H$aVmV. CXm. H$mhr {Xdgmnwdu åhuoo _mjrb dfu A YlÜXoÀ`m {déüx H$m_ H$aUmao "Za Ð Xm^moiH$a' `m Mr gh$mir Amo_H$maoída nwbmda ~onw>q> Jmoù`m KmbyZ hë`m hmovo. AmOMm g_mo hm Hw$R>o OmVmo` hom g_ov Zmhr. AmOMr n[apñwvr hr Aer Amho Oo A YlÜXo {déüx dmjvmv Vo Ag hmov H$s, "Xwgè`mg gm Jo ~«åh kmz Am{U ñdv: H$moaS>o nmemz' {eh$boë`mzr Am{U g daë`m Zr A YlÜXm {Z_w bz H$aÊ`mg ^mj `m`bm nm{hoo nu VoM _m Oa Oa AmS>dr Jobr {H$ Aew^ _muvmv. IaM Oa AmnU ñdv:bm Ag da da A YlÜXm {Z_w bh$ _mzb Va Ë`mMm H$mhrhr \$m`xm hm ñdv:bm Am{U g_mombm hmouma Zmhr. AmOÀ`m {dkmzmà`m `wjmv AmnU dmdavmo Varhr AmnU {H$Vr d k m { Z H $ A m h m o V h m à í Z I a o M ñ d V : b m E H $ X m V a r {dmmam`bm hdm, _J Vmo H$moUrhr Agmo AmS>mUr, {e{jv. H$maU A YlÜXm {h EH$ àh$mao g_mombm bmjbobr {H$S> Amho Am{U {h {H$S> KmbdÊ`mgmR>r gdmªzr EH$Ì `od$z, Iè`m _ZmZo KmbdÊ`mMm à`ëz Ho$bm nm{hoo. ho H$m_ dada Z H$aVm öx`mvwz Ho$b nm{hoo. H$maU öx` ho H$moUmMhr Agmo Vo Ë`mg Ë`mÀ`mgmR>r àm_murh$ AgV, åhuvmv Zm {H$ öx`mvrb eãx ho AZ_mob AgVmV Ë`mV H$moR>ohr ImoQ>onU ZgVmo, ho VodT>oM Ia Amho. A YlÜXm H$m {Z_m U hmovo? H$maU ì`º$s hm à`ëz H$éZ H$éZ WH$bm, Ë`mbm ZmoH$ar bmjv Zmhr, _wb hmov Zmhr, {Zame Pmbm {H$ Vmo AX²^wV qh$dm H$mù`m OmXwH$S>o AmH${f bm OmVmo Am{U Vmo Ë`m Jmoï>rda EdT>m {dídmg R>odVmo {H$ EH$doi Aer `ovo {H$ {VM Jmoï> Ë`mbm àmu{à` hmovo Am{U Ë`mbm g_ovhr Zmhr, EdT>r {dkmvh$ {h A YlÜXm Amho Am{U Ë`mbm _mzumao Ë`mnojmhr [dkmvh$ AmhoV. Ë`m_wio _mpr gdmªzm H$iH$irMr {dz Vr Amho {H$ A YlÜXm niw ZH$m Am{U Omo nmiv Agob Ë`mbmhr ømmo Xwîn[aZm_ gm Jm, "" ñdv:bm gmdam Am{U Xwgè`mbmhr gmdéz `m. A YlÜXm {h H$m` Amho Va, A YlÜXm {h g_mombm, bmjbobr {H$S> Amho Am{U Vr KmbdÊ`mgmR>r _mhjs>r V Ì, bošma qh$d Am fy bmjv Zmhr, Va {V KmbdÊ`mgmR>r bmjob öx` n[adv Z, ñdv: da {dídmg Am{U ^«_mnmgwz Xwa-Xwa OmZ... ào_ ào_ H$Yrhr _ñv ZgVo EH$m {OdmZo Xwgè`m {Odmda Ho$bobo ào_ ho Zoh_r Ord V AgVo H$Yr AmR>dUrÀ`m ñdénmv Va H$Yr AmlwÀ`m ñdénmv {XgV AgVo, n{hbo ào_, Xwgao ào_, {Vgao ào_, ào_rho$da, nëzrda, _wbmda, ~hru-^mdmda, AmB -d{s>bm da Ho$bobo ào_ ho Zoh_r Ord V AgVo. ào_mmr ì`m»`m H$aVm `ov Zmhr, ào_ XmIdVm `ov Zmhr, àjq> hr H$aVm `ov Zmhr, ào_ g_oyz `mdo bmjvo. ào_ H$Yr {VañH$mamÀ`m ñdénmv AgVo, ào_ H$Yrhr _av ZgVo, _Zwî`mZo _Zwî`mda Ho$bobo, àmur _mìmda Ho$bobo ào av ZgVo, Vo Zoh_r {Od V AgVo... _Zwî` _avmo, nu ào_ H$Yrhr _av ZgVo, A V ào_mmm H$Yrhr hmov ZgVmo. Hw$.à{Vjm Zo_rM X H$mÝhoS> 12 dr ({dkmz) kmzxrn /24

25 amr>mos> g{mz _m{uh$ ~r.e.,àw_ df eovh$è`mmr AmË_hË`m : EH$ gm_m{oh$ g_ñ`m AmO _hmamï >mvrb eovh$è`mmr hbmirmr n[añwrvr Amho. H$mnyg, gmo`m~rz, Vya `mmo CËnmXZ XwîH$mim_wio {Zåå`mda Ambo Amho. Iarn d aã~r h Jm_ g nyu hmvmvyz Jobobm Amho. eovr_ü`o Ho$bobm IM {ZKV Zmhr. eovmv {nh$boë`m _mbmbm ^md Zmhr. eovh$ar am~ am~ am~yz nrh$ H$mT>Vmo ; nu ~momam_ü`o Ë`mÀ`m _mbmbm ^md {_iv Zmhr. g H$Q>mMm gm_zm H$éZ Vmo OrdZ OJV Amho. ^mddmt>rmo g H$Q>, {ZgJm Mo g H$Q>, ì`mnmammo g H$Q>, ~±H$mÀ`m ì`mommo g H$Q>, gmdh$mam À`m ì`mommo g H$Q>, Hw$Qy> ~ OJmd`mMo g H$Q>, ZmnrH$sMo g H$Q> `m g H$Q>mÀ`m _mbrho$mm gm_zm H$aVm H$aVm Vmo hv~b hmov Amho. åhuwz Vmo OJÊ`mnojm _aumbm Odi H$aV Amho. e o V H $ è ` m Z o _ a U n Ë H $ m a b o V a g a H $ m a Ë ` m À ` m Hw$Qy> ~mbm _XV d gw{dym XoVm. hr Amnë`m XoemMr {H$Vr _mor>r emoh$m {VH$m Amho. OJÊ`mgmR>r n go Zmhr nu _au nëh$maë`mda n go? hom H$m Amnë`m ñdv Ì ^mavmm dmñvd! {hm H$m Amnbr àemgz ì`dñwm? gvvmr Zm{nH$s, nmdgmmm bharnum d H$Om Mm dmt>vm S>m Ja `m_wio ÌñV hmod$z eovh$ar AmË_hË`m H$arV Amho. H $ÐgaH$ma d amá`gah$mazo EH$Ì `od$z, R>mog Cnm` `moozm H$aUo JaOoMo Amho. ZmhrVa `m eovh$è`mbm _au nëh$maë`m{edm` Cnm` Zmhr. CXm. Vrg homa én`o qh$_vrmo gmozo ~±Ho$V JhmZ R>odbo Va Ë`m gmoý`mda drg homa én`o H$O {_ivo. nu EH$ EH$a eovr ~±Ho$V JhmZ R>odbr Va ~±H$ \$ŠV Mm Xm homa én`o H$O XoVo hr Amho A m n ë ` m e o V H $ è ` m M r X e m å h U w Z M A m O A Þ X m V m Xm[aÐ`mV OrdZ OJV Amho. AmO eovh$è`mà`m _wbmbm Hw$Ur _wbr gwüxm Úm`bm V`ma Zmhr. Kar EH$a eovr AgUmè`m _wbmbm _wbr b¾mg ZH$ma XoVmV, na Vw Ë`mM _wbrmo ds>rb EH$m ImOJr H $nzr_ü`o H$m_ H$aUmè`m H$m_Jmambm hmoh$ma X o V m V. { X d g { X d g A e m M w H $ s À ` m Y m o a U m _ w i o e o V r ì`dgm` YmoŠ`mV `od$z, AZoH$m Zm `m_wio Z amí` `ov Amho Am{U `mvwzm AmË_hË`oMo à_mu dmt>v Amho. EH$sH$S>o M Ji, XwgarH$S>o Xm[aÐ`, Va {VgarH$S>o Z a m í ` A m h o A m { U M m W r H $ S > o n h m d o V a _ a U A m h o. ñdmv Í`mÀ`m 68 dfm Z Vahr eovh$ar BWo AmË_hË`mM H$aVmo Amho Am{U gah$ma eovh$ar _oë`mz Va _XVrMm hmv g_moa H$aVo Amho, ho {H$Vr _mor>o XwX d åhumdo, Ë`mbm _aumnmgyz H$m amoië`m OmV Zmhr? Ë`mÀ`m AmË_hË`oMo _wi H$maU H$m`? eovh$è`mbm n Ho$O ZH$mo Va Ë`mÀ`m _mbmbm ^md hdm Amho. Ë`mÀ`m H$ï>mbm Xm_ hdo AmhoV dada _b_nå>r H$éZ eovh$è`mà`m g_ñ`m gwq>uma Zmhr. AmË_hË`m Ho$boë`m eovh$è`mà`m Kar OmdyZ Ë`mÀ`m Hw$Qy> ~mmo gm ËdZ H$aVmV, Ë`mÀ`m _wbmà`m {ejummm IM gah$ma CMbVo, Ahmo Ë`m Hw$Qy> ~mm Xw:I gah$mar _mo~xbm XoD$Z H$_r hmod$ eh$vmo H$m`? Jobobm OrdZ gah$mar _XVrZo nav `ody eh$vo H$m`? Ë`m _wbmmr hadbobr {në`mmr, _mv ÎdmMr N>m`m gah$mar _XVrZo nwýhm {_ivo H$m`? {dydm Pmboë`m Ë`m órbm Amnbm nvr `m gah$mar _XVrZo nwýhm {_iy eh$vo H$m? AmO Amnë`mbm H $Vr H$amdr bmjuma Amho. ZwgVm Ahdmb nmr>dyz, H$mJXr AmH$S>o _mos> H$éZ g_ñ`m {_Q>Uma ZmhrV. eovh$è`mà`m n[apñwvr_wio dmñvd AmOhr Amnë`m S>moù`mg_moa Amho nu Amnbr O~m~Xmar g_moaà`m da bmoq>mdr hr Amnbr _mz{gh$vm Amho. kmzxrn /25

26 _moao {ZVoe ~ Sy> H$maU Vr AmB AgVo...! ~r.e.,v Vr` df A m B K a m b m K a n U X o U m a r. A m B, _ m U g m b m _muwgnu XoUmar Am{U AmB. Xodmbmhr XodnU XoUmar! AmnU AgVmo gjio Amnë`mM ZmXmV. {Xdg COmS>Vmo H$gm Am{U _mdivmo H$gm. ho g_ov ZgV Amnë`mbmhr. Amnbr gjir Ymdni Jm Yi, XJXJ gma H$mhr nmhv AgVo AmB M. Vr \$º$ nmhvm Zmhr Va Amnë`mgmo~V gma H$mhr AZw^dVhr AgVo gvv. {VMrhr hmovo X_N>H$, Amnë`m_mJo YmdVm YmdVm. AmnU MH«$mV gmns>bobmo AgVmo. Ka Am \$sg, H$m_ {MS>{MS>, Kar {MS>{MS>, Am \$sg_ü`o {MS>{MS>, H$m_mV MwH$m, nwýhm {MS>{MS>... Zm ñdv:bm doi XoVm `ovmo, Zm KaÀ`m Zm. `m Q>moH$mnmgyZ Ë`m Q>moH$mn`ªV gvv AmoT>mVmZ hmov amhvo ZwgVr. Ë`mVyZ doi H$mTy>Z H$am`M H$m` Va {_Ìm Zr qh$dm Am {\$gà`m g h H $ m ` m ª Z r n m Q > r. { V W M M m V r M. Ë ` m d a M r C Î m a emoyê`mmm {Zî\$i à`ëz VmoM Am{U n`m `mzo MH«$hr VoM. Vr nmhv amhvo hm gmam Jm Yi _Ü`oM H$YrVar Z amhdyz Amnë`m Odihr `ovo. nu AmnU {PS>H$maVmo {Vbm, AmnU _mor>o Pmbobmo AgVmo Zm! {Vbm H$m` H$iV ` `mvb, Ag dmqy> bmjbob AgV AmVm b¾ Pmbo` _mp _wb~mihr AmhoV _bm g_ov gji... `m ^«_mv AgVmo. Amnë`mbm ~a M H$mhr H$iV AgV, \$º$ hm ^«_ Amho. ho H$mhr C_OV Zmhr, {Vbm C_OV Vo ~amo~a Amnë`mH$Sy>Z hmoumam An_mZhr Vr nmoq>mv KmbVo Am{U em V amhvo. b ¾ P m b o ë ` m _ w b r b m { d M m a m. { V b m h r A m Y m a AgVmo. Xyada Agboë`m Amnë`m AmB MmM. {Vbm Z gm JVmhr Amnë`m _ZmMr Kmb_ob H$er H$m` g_ovo. ho > > o o > o w w w o o o H$moS> H$mhr gwq>v Zmhr. ZdrZ b¾ Pmë`mZ Va g gma gwê$ H$aVmZmMo gjio ImMIiJo Vr Amnë`m boh$sbm AJXr AbJX g_omdyz XoVo. {VVŠ`mM AbJXnUo Ë`mVyZ nwt>ohr ZoVo. AWm V, {VW hr H$YrVar Vwbm H$m` H$iV J, qh$dm " Vwbm Zmhr H$iUma, Vw_À`mgmaI am{hbob Zmhr AmVm, hr _mug Amnë`mgmaIr ZmhrV,'.. AJ ZmoH$ar gm ^miy H$s Ka..., hm _mam AgVmoM. Vr PobV amhvo hm _mam. H$Yr boh$sh$sy>z, H$Yr Zdè`mH$Sy>Z. gmè`m M gma H$mhr EoH$Vo. gma H$mhr gmogvo. Amnbm _mj _mì gmos>v Zmhr. boh$ O ìhm AmB hmovo V ìhm {Vbm g_ov Amnë`m AmB M åhuu Am{U JdgV ñdv:vë`m AmB numm gm_ï`. AmB bmhr ho _m{hvm AgV Vr Ë`mM {XdgmMr dmq> nmhvm AgVo. _J ^oq> hmovo _m`-boh$smr, Zìho XmoZ Am`m Mr. AmVm EH$m AmB bm g_om`bm bmjvo Amnbr AmB Vr KoVo _J {VÀ`mH$Sy>Z COm Am{U Mmby bmjvo Ë`m A m B n U m À ` m I S V a d m Q d ê $ Z A J X r g h O n U Z g{j H$nUo. B H $ S _ b m À ` m A m ` î ` m V C b W m n m b W r g ê $ M AgVmV. MH«$ H$mhr gwq>bob ZgV. Adoir Kar `ou. gwå>r ZgU. gwå>rà`m {Xderhr Hw$R>oVar AS>H$U, gma H$mhr `Wmgm J gwê$ AgV. Amnë`mbm Z $s H$m` hd`, hom g _ O Z m g h m V h r ñ n Y m A m h A m [ U A m n ë ` m b m V r qoh$m`mr Amho. Ag H$mhr Var dmqy>z Vmo YmdV gwq>bobm AgVmo. eodq>r hmov H$m`, gmü`m {dgéz OmVo Am{U gmyzmnmr>rm Vmo Ymdy bmjvmo. YmdyZ YmdyZ X_Vmo. Ymn bmjvo H$m` H$amd gwmv Zmhr.BVH $ Ymdbmo Var gmü` H$mhr AdmŠ`mV `ov Zmhr. Jm Yi hmod$z OmVmo, gjim. kmzxrn /26

27 _J Vr em VnUo nwt>o `ovo. Moham Hw$admiVo. nmr>rdv WmonQ>Vo. Mma KQ>H$m {dlm Vr XoVo Am{U hiyhiy _mor>çm Iw~rZ ~mobu gwé H$aVo. Ë`mÀ`mH$Sy>Z gma H$mhr H$mTy>Z KoVo Am{U hbš`m hmvmz gmè`mjmr>r gmos>dv OmVo. EH$EH$ JmR> gwq>vo Am{U _mj _moh$im hmov OmVmo. AmH$me _moh$i hmov n ImZm nwýhm ~i `ov. AmB AerM AgVo, {Vbm JmR>r gmos>duo N>mZ O_V. Hw$R>o VmU Km`Mm AgVmo Am{U Hw$R> hbš`m hmvmz Xmoam AmoT>m`Mm, ho kmz {VÀ`mH$S>o CnOVM AgV, åhuyzm b¾ H$éZ Xwgè`m KamV Amboë`m Ë`m _md$brà`m _mjom gma Ka {\$av AgV. b¾ H$aVo, AmS>Zmd ~XbVo Am{U Vo Zd Hw$Qy> ~ Vr VmobyZ YaVo. Amnë`m Im Úmda, ZmVr Hw$UrVar Agmd _mâ`mm {dmmam Zr {Xdg gwê$ H$aUma Agmd H$miOr Ko ñdv:mr åhuvmzm H$idiUma Agmd, AmB ~m~mgmo~v AgVmZm \$moz H$Q> H$aUma Zgmd Ë`m Zm H$iUmahr Zmhr BVŠ`m ghovozo ~mobuma Agmd. {Xdg^a _mâ`m \$mozmr dmq> nmhuma Agmd, \$moz H$m Ho$bm Zmhr åhuwz VH«$ma H$aUma Agmd àë`oh$ {Xder _bm ^oq>ê`mmr AmoT> AgUma Agmd gwå>rà`m {Xder _mâ`mgmr>r doi H$mT>Uma Agmd ~mobu {VM {Xdg^amMm jru KmidUma Agmd S>moù`m Vrb ^md g_ouma _Z {VM Agmd EImÚm ^md{zh$ jur S>moù`m V nmur AmUUm a Agmd. Ia M _mâ`mda OrdmnmS> ào_ H$aUma Hw$UrVar Agmd. nhmao AmH$me a_oe ~r.eñgr. àw_ df o o o > o o o > w OmoS>U _mug OmoS>U VrM H$aVo. AmR>dyZ nmhm ~a, Amnë`mH$S>Mo ZmVodmB H$ Amnë`mer ~m YyZ am{hbobo AmhoV H$s Amnë`m AmB er? Vo AmB erm ~m Ybobo AgVmV. E H $ m d i r A Z H $ J m ï r H $ a V A g V V r g m a I r. H $ Y r H $ Y r A m n ë ` m b m a m J ` V m. Ë ` m g V V H $ a V amhê`mmmhr AmVm Vã`oV gm ^mi, ~ X H$a nmhÿ VwPr Vr _ S i A m { U { ^ e m... g J ù ` m _ m { b H $ m _ Y ë ` m g Z m nm{hë`m{edm` Vwbm OodU OmV Zmhr H$m J.. AYo _Yo Am_À`mH$S>ohr nmhm H$s... Ago Q>mo_Uo, ~mobu gma H$mhr Vr EoH$Vo. em VnUo hgvo Am{U MQ>H$Z Ë`m {df`mmm M Zb ~XbVo. Vr AerM AgVo, H$maU Vr AmB AgVo...! ju H$mhr ju Iwn _Zmg {^S>VmV Va H$mhr AmR>dUr ~ZwZ _ZmV ahmvmv.. H$mhr ju _ZmV Imob évyz ~gvmv Va H$mhr _ZmdV AmKmV H$aVmV.. H$mhr ju Am`wî`^a bjmv ahmvmv.. Va H$mhr Am`wî`mbm H$bmQ>Ur XoVmV... H$mhr ju Amnbo OrdZ ~ZwZ OmVmV Va H$mhr Amnbo OrdZM ~XbwZ OmVmV.. ju ho H$Xm{MV AgoM j{uh$ AgVmV OnmdoV åh Q>b Var Am OirV \$º$ AmR>dUr CaVmV. nhmao AmH$me a_oe ~r.eñgr. àw_ df kmzxrn /27

28 OmYd {H$aUHw$_ma em_amd ~r.e.,v Vr` df n T>arMr dmar Im Úmda nvmh$m, Jù`mV VwierMr _mi, H$nmir ~w $m, _wir {dç>bmmo AI S> Zm_ñ_aU H$arV eoh$s>mo _ b MmbV {dç>bmà`m ^oq>rgmr>r ^who$bobm Omo dmar H$ar Vmo dmah$ar. `m Cº$s_Yrb "dmar' hr n T>arMr dmar. Aer dmar H$aUmam g àxm` Vmo dmah$ar g àxm`. `m g àxm`mg n`m `r Zmd "^mjdv Y_ qh$dm ^mjdv g àxm` hmo`.' dmah$è`mmr ^Jdr nvmh$m ~moy KS>dVo Ë`mJ Am{U d am½`erb {ddoh$mmm. dmah$è`mà`m Xohmdarb J Y_wÐm A m X e { e H $ d V m V. M X Z m M o { P O U o d m a H $ è ` m À ` m J ù ` m V r b V w i e r _ m i { e H $ d V o. e m V r n y U g _ V m ` m { M Ý h m Z r A b H $ V h m o D $ Z h a r n W m Z o M m b U m è ` m ^º$s_mJungH$m Mr _m {X`mir åhuoo dmar hmo`. g V Zm_Xod d kmz Xodm Zm Oo g_mo Xe Z KS>bo Ë`mdê$Z ^º$sMr àwm _hmamï >mv àmmrz H$mimnmgyZ Agbr Var OZgm_mÝ`m Zm Y_m Mr `emw H$ënZm ZìhVr Ë`mV gwb^vm d gwgwìvm `m`bm hdr, H$_ H$m S>mMo àm~ë` Zmhrg ìhm`bm hd, Y_ {dmma bmoh$^mfov _amr>rv `m`bm hdm, Vmo gd gm_mý`m Zm H$im`bm hdm. Ë`mV OmVrnmVrM ~ YZ Zgmd, ór jwðm Zmhr ^º$sMm A{YH$ma {_im`bm hdm. Aem àh$mao ^º$s hr gdmªà`m AdmŠ`mV `m`bm hdr. `mmr OmU Ë`m Zm `m VrW joìmà`m doir CËH$Q>VoZo d Vrd«VoZo OmUdë`m_wio Ë`m Zr dmah$ar g àxm`mà`m nma nm[ah$ énmmm nwz {dmma H$éZ Ë`mbm Zdm COmim {Xbm. Ë`mV ZdM VÝ` AmoVbo. ^º$sMm _mj gdmªzm Iwbm Ho$bm. nmowr nm {S>Ë`, H$_ R>Vm A YlÜXm 33 H$moQ>r XodVm _wio Ë`mMm hmoumam ~wpüx^ox `m _wio Y_ {dmma Ë`m À`mn`ªV nmohmy eh$bm Zmhr. {edm` ho gmao Jrdm UdmUrV ( g ñh $V ^mfov) Agë`m_wio OZdmUr ( bmoh$^mfm) _amr>r ^mfm ~mobumè`m ^moù`m ^m~s>çm VimJmimVë`m gm_mý` _mugmbm Vo H$g H$iUma? ho gmao AS>ga kmzmo~m, Zm_Xodm Zr Zmhrgo Ho$ë`mZo _Ü` Var Hw $R>rV Pmbobm ^º$sMm àdmh nwýhm ZdM VÝ`mZo IiIiyZ dmhÿ bmjbm. Ë`m_wio _amr>r _mugmbm nwýhm AmË_^mZ Pmbo. `m AWm Zohr "kmzxod a{mbm nm`m ' ho MaU gmw Pmbo. kmz _mjm Vrb n{dì {dmma, H$_ _mjm Vrb n{dì AmMma Am{U ^º$s_mJm Vrb Anma S>moig lüxm `m {ÌgyÌrVyZ kmzmo~m, Zm_Xodm Zr dmah$ar g àxm`mmr Zì`mZo OS>UKS>U Ho$br d Ë`mg COmim {Xbm. X a d f u d m a r ` o V o A m { U O m V o A g o Z m h r, V r dmah$è`mbm ^mdr OrdZ OJÊ`mMr {exmoar d gm_ï` XoVo Aer Or CXmÎm OrdZmMr n{dì {dmmammr, S>moig l Ü X o M r, X d r g n Î m r M r, ~ Y w ^ m d m M r, B í d a { Z ð > m M r, gx²{ddoh$mmr, B {Ð` {ZJ«hmMr _mi dmah$ar Jù`mV KmbyZ Vmo ^Jd VmMo qmvz A V:H$aUmV gdm Wm Zo OnV AgVmo. Vi_ X JmÀ`m ZmXmV àdmz, {H$V Z d ^OZ H$arV [d{dy ZmMmÀ`m VmbmV g_m{yñw hmou {_giyz {dakiyz OmU Jar~-lr_ V, Cƒ-{ZM, OmVr^oX, du ^ox {dgê$z EH$mH$s bmoq>m JU KmbV OmUo `m gjù`mv dmah$è`m Zm {dç>bxe Z KS>V AgV. n T>arMr {dry> _md$br JmoaJ[a~m Mr _md$br Amho. Jmoa-Jar~ OZVm {VÀ`m MaUmda S>moio R>odVo, {VÀ`mda ào_ H$aVo, amjmdvo, {Vbm gwzmdvo, {VÀ`mda égvo, {Vbm Aao-Vwao ~mobvo. nmfmuhr nmpa \$mos>ê`mmr ào_mmr eº$s kmzxrn /28

29 `m gm_wxm{`h$ ApñVËdmVyZ {Z_m U hmovo. A g m h m n m S w > a J V w H $ m o ~ m À ` m h m H o $ b m ` o D $ Z {edn>ìnvtmr gwq>h$m H$aVmo, amo{hxmgmgm Jo Mm_S>rbm a J{dÊ`mMo H$m_ H$aVmo, H$~ramÀ`m _mjmda eobo {duvmo. gmdvm_mù`mà`m _im IwanyZ VU H$mT>Ê`mg _XV H$aVmo, MmoIm_où`mMr T>moa amñavmo, Zm_mÀ`m OZr~amo~a Xiy H$m Sy> b m J V m o. { V À ` m e o U r C M b y b m J V m o, Z m _ X o d m ~ a m o ~ a gh^mooz H$aVmo. ømbm gmoìhi -Amoìhi Zmhr H$ï>mMo H$m_ H$aÊ`mV H$_rnUm Zmhr, Vmo Cƒ-ZrM _mzv Zmhr. ` m d m a r V r b _ m U g Z w g V r M Q > m i H w $ Q > r V Z m h r V, Zo^iQ> ZmhrV, emofu {Z_yQ>nUo H$éZ KoUmar ZmhrV, AÝ`m`m{déÜX g Kf H$aUmar AmhoV. åhuwz VwH$mo~mÀ`m eãxm V Vr "^bo Var XoD$ H$mgoMr b JmoQ>r, ZmR>mimMo H$mhr XoD$ _mwm' Aem d ÎmrMr AgVmV. Var hr AdKoMr JmoS> AgVmV. _amr>r bmoh$m Mm ñd^md Am{U Ë`m À`m {dmmammr nüxv OmUyZ `m`mr Agob Va dox, Cn{Z{fXo Am{U nwamuo `m À`m {dmma_mü`_m ~amo~a g Vm Mo A ^J, Amoì`m, ^mê$s>o, A{YH$ Cn`moJr AmhoV. e o V m À ` m ~ o ^ a d e r À ` m ì ` d g m ` m V V J Y ê $ Z amhê`mgmr>r "AmfmT>r H$m{V H$s d _mkdmar' Vmo H$arV AgVmo. V ìhm Zm. Ymo._hmZmoa `m À`m eãxmv gm Jm`Mo Pmbo Va, " H$m` asy>z \$m`xm Ÿ& {OZ hgvm OJmd Ÿ& AZ² _mvrà`m Hw$erV Ÿ& gmoz hmod$z CJmd Ÿ&&' Ag åhuv dmah$ar {dç>bmbm gmh$s> KmbVmo, Am OirZo ^ê$ XoJm nmñnam À`m MmoMr Xw:ImV n Im Zm Agmo gmdbr _m`omr Ÿ& Am~mXmZr hmoamo eov ^ê$ XmÊ`mMo Ÿ& VwÂ`m nmbirbm eãx ~ myy VwH$mo~mMo Ÿ& {dçxam`m {nhw$ Xo nrh$nmur Ÿ& hmod$ Xo ao IoS>çmV Am~mXmUr Ÿ&& g V _ S>itZr AË` V \$ma gmonm Am{U gho gwb^ n`m ` bmoh$m g_moa R>odbm Amho. Vo åhuoo "Xod ' EH$ Amho. Ë`mbm AZwgam, Ë`mMr ^º$s H$am. ~mh$s H$mhr Zmhr. Xod åhuoo n T>anyaMm {dr>mo~m. hm {dr>mo~m åhuoo lrh $îu, VmoM {dîuy Zmd én doji, nu Xod EH$M. Ë`mZo MmbÊ`mgmR>r nm` {XboV. dmo{dê`mgmr>r Vi, V i Z g V r b V a Q > m ù ` m d m O { d Ê ` m g m R > r h m V. ldu^º$s_ü`o a JyZ OmÊ`mgmR>r H$mZ, gjwu Xe ZmgmR>r S>moio, Zm_ g {H$V ZmgmR>r Vm S> Ag gji Vwåhmbm {Xbob Amho. ømnojm A{YH$ `m Xodmbm H$m` ZH$mo. Vwåhmbm {Xbb Amho. VodT>oM dmnam Am{U _Z_wamX AmZ X `m. Ë`mbm gmohim-amohù`m Mr, nyom-amm, A{^foH$ Aem H$emMrhr JaO Zmhr. hm Vw_À`m Am_À`mVrb Xod Amho. hmvmbm H$m_, gwñdmv ZmJ, àn M H$éZ na_mwm H$S>o O m Ê ` m M m g m o n m _ m J g V m Z r { e H $ d b m A m h o, A e m Zm_YmaH$m Mm _oim åhuoo dmar hmo`. gm_mý` _amr>r _mugmbm g_vm, ~ Yw^md, gm_ Oñ`, g{hîuwvm `m Mr {eh$du `m dmarà`m na naozo {Xbr Amho. gm_mý` _mugm Zm OmoS>Umè`m, Ë`m Zm {~ZIMm V AmË_~b nwa{dumè`m `m loð> na naomo AmnU dmagxma AmhmoV. ^mdzm _ZmVë`m ^mdzm Vwbm gm Jm`M ` AmO, VwÂ`m gmai M _bm dmjm`m ` AmO... Vw hmo åhu, Zmhr Va Zmhr åhu... nu M Ð nmhv _bm OJm`M ` AmO... nhmao AmH$me a_oe ~r.eñgr. àw_ df kmzxrn /29

30 OmYd Hw$.AZ_mob {H$aUHw$_ma OmoJo em_amd ~r.e., V Vr` df kmznrr> nwañh$ma {doovo : ~r.e.,v Vr` df àm.^mbm Ð Zo_mS>o ^mavr` gm{hë`joìmvrb "kmznrr> ' hm gdm}ƒ nwañh$ma `mdfu à{güx _amr>r H$mX ~arh$ma àm.^mm Ð Zo_mS>o `m Zm {_imbm Amho. qhxy ( 2010) `m H$m X~argmR>r Ë`m Zm hm gý_mz àxmz Ho$bm Amho. àm.^mbm Ð Zo_mS>o `m Zm {_imbobm kmznrr> hm nwañh$ma Ë`m Mm d `º$sH$ nwañh$ma ZgyZ Vmo nwañh$ma åhuoo Ad `m _amr>r ^mfomm Jm ad Amho. àm.^mbm Ð dzmor Zo_mS>o `m Mm OÝ_ {X. 27 _o 1938 amoor OiJm d {OëhmVrb gm Jdr `owo Pmbm. nwuo d _w ~B `owo Ë`m Zr ^mfmemó d B J«Or {df`mv nxì`wîma {eju KoVë`mZ Va Zo_mS>oga `m Zr AZoH$ _hm{dúmb`mv B J«Or {df`mmo AÜ`mnZ Ho$bo. Xaå`mZ 1971 _Ü`o b S>Z `owrb ñhy$b Am \$ Amo[aE Q>b A ÝS> Am{\«$H$Z ñq>s>ro `m g ñwov Vo àmü`mnh$ åhuwz H$m` av hmovo. AIoarg Vo _w ~B {dúmnrr>mvyz VwbZmË_H$ gm{hë`mä`mgmà`m JwéXod Q>mJmoa A ä ` m g Z m d ê $ Z { Z d Î m P m b o. " Q > r H $ m ñ d ` d a ' ` m Q>rH$mJ«WmgmR>r Ë`m Zm ^mavr` gm{hë` AH$mX_rMm 1991 M m n w a ñ H $ m a { _ i m b m A m h o. A b r H $ S > o M H w $ g y _ m J «O à{vð>mzmm 2013 Mm OZñWmZ nwañh$mahr Ë`m Zm XoÊ`mV Ambm. Zo_mS>o `m À`m gdmªjru gm{hë`godo~ôb ^mav gah$mazo 2011 _Ü`o Ë`m Zm nùlr XoD$Z Jm ad Ho$bm Amho. l o ð > g m { h Ë ` H $ V r d m M H $ m À ` m O r d Z O m { U d o b m AmdmhZ H$arV AgVmV. g_mo {Z{ÐñV Agbm Var boih$ _mì OmJm AgVmo. OrdZm{df`rMm _yë`{ddoh$ Vmo g_momnyt>o R>odVmo, hr Zo_mS>o `m Mr ^y{_h$m Ë`m À`m gd M gm{hë`h $Vr~Ôb Iar R>aVo. H $ m o g b m ( ) h r Z o _ m M r ` m M r d ` m À ` m n M { d e r V { b { h b o b r H $ m X ~ a r A Y e V H $ m Z V a h r H$_mbrMr bmoh${à` Amho. Ë`m H$mimV _amr>r H$mX ~ar nma nm[ah$ _Ü`_dJu` OrdZ Am{U a OH$ boiz e brà`m Ñï>rZo gmmo~ X Pmbr hmovr, Ë`m H$mimV "H$mogbm À`m {Z{_ÎmmZo ~ S>Imoar H$ê$Z VéUmÀ`m _mz{gh$ H$m S>rMr dmq> kmzxrn /30

31 _ m o H $ i r H $ é Z { X b r. Ë ` m H $ m X ~ a r M m Z m ` H $ n m S y > a J gm JdrH$a hm EH$ à{v-zm`h$ Amho. Ë`mZo ^mavr` g ñh $Vr OrdZe br Am{U A{^ê$Mr `m À`mnwT>o {Z_m U Ho$bobr AmìhmZo AmO gmr> dfm Z Vahr VerM AmhoV. "H$mogbm' Z Va Zo_mS>o `m À`m "{~T>ma (1975)',"O[abm (1977)', "Pyb (1979)' d "hþb ' `m Mmahr H$mX ~è`m_ü`o Mm JXod h m Z m ` H $ A m h o. ì ` d g m ` m Z o à m Ü ` m n H $ A g b o ë ` m Mm JXodmMr VËH$mbrZ _hmamï >mvrb {eju, g_moh$mau, Y m { _ H $ à m X o { e H $ A p ñ _ V m g m { h Ë ` H $ b m j o Ì m V r b T>m JrnUm `mdarb {ZarjUo AË` V _m{_ H$ AmhoV. "_obs>r (1970)' d " XoIUr (1991)' ho Zo_mS>o `m Mo XmoZ H${dVmg J«h à{güx AmhoV. ^modvmbà`m éj ì`dhmar OJmV Ë`m Zm EH$mH$snUmMr OmUrd hmovo. Zo_mS>o dmñvdmmo du Z H$aVm Zm amooà`m dmnamvrb eãxm Mm dojim dmna H$aVmV. Zo_mS>o `m À`m H$mogbmZo _amr>r b{bv gm{hë`mv Oer H«$m Vr Ho$br VerM Ë`m À`m Q>rH$mboIm Zr _amr>r g{_jov C b W m n m b W H o $ b r. g m { h Ë ` m M r ^ m f m ( ) ` m Iwn {^Vr hmovr _bm Vr Vr O ìhm Odi `m`mr VrÀ`m {edm` Am`wî`mV Xwga H$mhrM ZìhV \$º$ {VÀ`mgmR>rM Va _bm OJm`M hmov AmB ds>rb åhum`mo Vrbm {^dy ZH$mo _mor>m ^md$ åhuo {Vbm Km~ê$ ZH$mo {_Ì _ ÌrUr åhum`mo Pmbr Am_Mr V`mar _r åhuv hmovmo Xod Vmar Ë`mbm H$moZ _mar narjm n w ñ V H $ m V y Z Ë ` m Z r g m { h Ë ` d ^ m f m { d k m Z ` m À ` m V r b AZw~ Y `mg X^m V H$mhr _yb^yv à_o`mmr _m S>Ur Ho$br A m h o. V a " Q > r H $ m ñ d ` d a ( ) ' ` m g { _ j m b o I g J«hmV Ë`m Zr g_h$mbrz _amr>r gm{hë` d g_rjoà`m joìmvrb A{Zï> àd ÎmtMm H$R>moa arvrzo g_mmma KoVbm Amho. Z o _ m S > o g a m M m " V w H $ m a m _ ( ) ' h m g m { h Ë ` AH$mX_rgmR>r B J«Or_YyZ {b{hbobm XrK boi Amho. g V VwH$mam_mMo d {ídh$ nmvirdarb AZÝ`gmYmaUËd Ë`m Zr AZoH$ àh$mao `m boimv _m S>bo Amho. WmoS>Š`mV H$dr, H$mX ~arh$a ^mfmvk Am{U Q>rH$mH$ma åhuyz ^mbm Ð Zo_mS>o `m Zr _amr>r ^mfomr AY evh$mhÿz A{YH$ H$mi godm Ho$br Amho. gm{hë` g nxm H$mX ~ar : H$mogbm, {~T>ma, Oarbm, Pyb, qhxy, OJÊ`mMr hmh$ g_ ÜX AS>Ji. H${dVmg J«h : XoIUr, _obs>r g{_jm : Q>rH$mñd` da, VwH$mam_, _wbmivr, gm{hë`mmr ^mfm. {VÀ`m_wio _bm amìr Pmon bmjv Zgo amì {Xdg _bm \$º$ {VM {XgV Ago VrMo _mpo H$mhr O_oZm _mì {VÀ`mdmMyZ _bm H$a_oZm {VÀ`m g_moa nmoa ~oys>h$ OmV _bo åhuv amom, Vwbo Vr Zmhr ImV amoo hmo Vr H$m` Eoœ`m ZìhVr Vr Va _mpr ~mos>m Mr ~mamdrmr narjm hmovr. g H$bZ nmvio amow ~m~mamd ~r.e. V Îmr` df kmzxrn /31

32 amhwb àymz ^mavaëz nwañh$ma ~r.e., V Vr` df Jm ad XmoZ _hmz ZoË`mMm _mor n VàYmZ Á`oð> ZoVo AQ>b{~hmar dmonò r Am{U Wmoa {ejuvk d ñdmv Í` g {ZH$ n. _XZ_mohZ _mbdr` `m Zm XoemMm gdm}ƒ "^mavaëz ' ZmJar gý_mz H $Ð gah$mazo {Xbm. Ë`m _hmz ZoË`mMm Aënn[aM` Imbrb à_muo Amho. AQ>b{~hmar dmono`r `m Mm Aën n[am` 1) 25 {S>g ~a 1924 amoor ½dmëhoa `owo OÝ_. 2) {eju : amá`emó {df`mvrb nxì`wîma nxdr. 3) 1939 gmbr amï >r` ñd` godh$ g KmV àdoe 1942 _Ü`o ^mav N>moS>mo MidirV gh^mjm~ôb AQ>H$. 4) í`m_àgmx _wiou `m À`m g_dov ^mavr` OZg KmMo H$m_ gwê$ 5) 1957 _Ü`o ~bmam_nya _VXmag KmVyZ g gxov àw_ àdoe 6) OZVm njmà`m gah$ma_ü`o 27 _mm 1977 Vo 28 Owb 1979 `m H$mbmdYrV naamï >_ Ìr åhuyz H$m_. 7) 1980 ^mavr` OZVm njmmr ñwmnzm Ho$br. ^monmmo n{hbo AÜ`j. 8 ) 1 6 _ o V o 1 O y Z ` m H o $ d i 1 3 {Xdgm gmr>r n VàYmZ åhuwz ambmoammo gah$mamo ZoV Ëd Ho$bo. 9) 19_mM 1998 Vo 19 _o 2004 `m H$mbmdYrV nwýhm n VàYmZ 10) dmono`r `m Zm 1992 gmbr nú{d^yfu nwañh$mamzo gý_m{zv H$aÊ`mV Ambo. 11) 1994 gmbr bmoh$_mý` {Q>iH$ nwañh$mamzo Jm ad. Ë`mMdfu CËH $ï> g gxnqy> åhuyz ^mavaëz n {S>V JmoqdX d ^ n V nwañh$mamzo dmono`r `m Zm gý_m{zv H$aÊ`mV Ambo. n {S>V _XZ_mohZ _mbdr` `m Mm Aënn[aM` 1) OÝ_ : 25 {S>g ~a 1861 Abmhm~mX `owo. 2) ^mavr` g_moh$mau Am{U amoh$s`, e j{uh$, nìh$m[avm joìmvrb AË` V VoOñdr ì`º$r_îd. 3) d`mà`m nmmì`m dfm nmgyz d{s>bm Zr Ë`m Zm g ñh $V {eh${dê`mg gwédmv Ho$br. 4) Owb 1884 _Ü`o Abhm~mX `owrb {Oëhm n[afxoà`m kmzxrn /32

33 emiov {ejh$ åhuwz Vo éoy Pmbo. 5) 1886 "qhxwñwmz' X {ZH$mV g nmxh$ åhuwz {Z`wº$s Ho$br. 6) 1888 {X B {S>`Z `w{z`zmo gh g nmxh$ åhuwz éoy Pmbo. 7) 1916 _Ü`o ~Zmag qhxy {dúmnrr>mmr ñwmnzm. 8) "gë`_od O`Vo' KmofUoMo OZH$ AmB AmB gmr>r H$m` {bhÿ, AmB gmr>r H$go {bhÿ AmB gmr>r nwavrb `odt>o, eãx ZmhrV _mâ`mh$s>o AmB davr {bhê`m BVnV, Zmhr _mpo ì`º$s_ëd _mor>o OrdZ åhuoo eov, AmB åhuoo {dhra OrdZ hr Zm H$m, Va AmB åhuoo Vra OrdZ hr emim, Va AmB åhuoo nmq>r OrdZ ho H$m_M H$m_, Va AmB åhuoo gwå>r AmB Vw CÝhm _Ybr gmd$br AmB Vw nmdgmvbr N>Ìr AmB Vw W S>rVbr emb AmVm `mdrv Xw:Io Iwemb AmB åhuoo _ XramMm C M H$ig AmB åhuoo A JUmVrb ndrì Vwig AmB åhuoo ^OUmV JwUJwUmdr Aer g VdmUr AmB åhuoo dmid Q>mV ß`md Ag W S>nmUr AmB åhuoo AmaVrV dmodmdr Aer b`~üx Q>mir AmB åhuoo doxzoz VaMr gdm V nhrbr Amamoir {Zem {gagmr>r ~r.e. {ÛVr` df 9) ^mavr` amï >r` H$m±J«ogMo 1909 Am{U 1918 _Ü`o AÜ`j 10) 1924 Vo 1946 `m H$mbmdYrV " qhxwñwmz Q>mB_ñMo AÜ`jnX' ^yf{dbo. 11) ñdxoermr Midi, d J^ J Midi, AghH$ma Am XmobZ `m_ü`o g{h«$` gh^mj. 12) _hmë_m Jm Yr H$Sy>Z "_hm_mzm' åhuwz Jm ad. hr nxdr {_idumao EH$_od ì`º$s_îd. bnbobm Agy åhumbo hmovo _rm H $ìhmvar nmoa AgVm Zm nah$ar "bmøm åhuoo ÁdmarM Vgy Vm XwiM hgy H$g IwgwIwgw! bmhr åhuoo _mojè`mm \w$b, KmbV H$g _Zmbm ^wb ' _r åhq>b, "AmB, _r hmod$ bmhr? AmB åhumbr, "Myn ahm nmoar ' AmVm _mì H$T>B Mwë`mda MT>br Amho Aer H$mhr PH$mg bmhr \w$q>br Amho _Zm_Ybr gmar gmar hm g {\$Q>br Amho ao{id hgw, Zìho IwgwIwgw nmhþ ZH$m nmnurams> bnbobm Amgy! bnbobm Amgy _wb Jo énmbr {ede H$aAßnm ~r.h$m _. V Vr` df kmzxrn /33

34 gw{dmma A YlX²Ym 1 ) OrdZ ho EH$ nmê`mmm àdmh Amho g_wð JmR>m`Mm Agob Va ImMIiJo nma H$amdoM bmjvrb. 2 ) g H$Q> Q>miU _mugmà`m hmvr ZgV nu g H$Q>m Mm gm_zm H$aU Ë`mÀ`m hmvmv AgV 3) OJmV gmar gm J H$aVm `ovmv nu n emm gm J H$aVm `ov Zmhr 4) O ìhm _mugmmm AmË_m d öx` em V AgVo V ìhmm _mugmbm Kar em Vr {_ivo 5) `eñdr _muwg Amnë`m Mohè`mda XmoZ Jmoï>r Zoh_r R>odVmo, Ë`m åhuoo hmñ` Am{U em VVm. ghdmg Hw$.nwOm Zo_rM X H$mÝhoS> ~r.eñgr.({ûvr` df ) AmH$memVyZ ns>umam nmdgmmm W ~ hmvmda Pobbm Va Vmo {nê`m`mo½` AgVmo VmoM JQ>mamV ns>bm Va _mì Ë`mMr à{vð>m BVH$s T>mgiVo H$s Vmo nm` YwÊ`mÀ`mhr bm`h$smm amhv Zmhr VmoM W ~ Ja_ Vì`mda ns>bm Va Ë`mM AñVrÎdM g nyu OmVo, Vmo Zmhrgm hmovmo H$_imÀ`m nmumda ns>bm Va Vmo _moë`mgmaim M_M_ H$aVmo Am{U {enë`mv ns>bm Va àë`j _movrm ~ZVmo W ~ VmoM nu Hw$UmÀ`m ghdmgmv `ouma `mda Ë`mM AñVrËd Ëm`Mr nv-àvrð>m Ad b~yz AgVo. I Xmao _{Zfm ZdgmnmB ao _wh$m Ord OmB àwm ~ar Zmhr _mugm hr Xod åhuvmo H$m? Ÿ&& _wš`m Ordm H$mn H$aVmo H$m nmn Var dos>çm? Ÿ&& H$m ~S>o-~H$ao H$mnwZ Zdgm nmduma H$gm Xod Vwbm? Ÿ&& lx²ym hr Amnbr S>moig Agmdr Am Yir Zgmdr, lõm Zoh_r lõm Agmdr lx²yo_ü`o H$Yr A YlX²Ym Zgmdr gmos> ao _mzdm hr dmb Q> àwm ZH$mo _Zr AmVm A YlÕm Ÿ& Am{ef {H$V ZH$ma ~r.eñgr.({ûvr` df ) nmpa AmZ {H$Vr {Xdgm Zr, AmQ>boë`m S>moŠ`m Zm nmê`mmm nmpa \w$q>bm, _r ~m Yboë`m ào_mà`m YaUmMm, ~m Y AmO VwQ>bm œmg AmO _mpm XmQ>bm, gwh$boë`m YaVrbm, nmê`mmr dmq> AmO {H$Vr {XdgmZ Va nmê`mmm nmpa \w$q>bm. Hw$.à{Vjm Zo_rM X H$mÝhoS> 12 dr ({dkmz) kmzxrn /34

35 eãxh$mos>o ^`M{H$V Z_mdo VwO a_ur Imbrbn H$s H$moUVmhr EH$ A H$ {ZdS>m. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 AmVm Ë`mbm 3 Zo JwUm AmVm Ë`mV 3 {_idm AmVm nav 3 Zo JwUm Vwåhmbm XmoZ A H$ g»`m {_iob d Ë`mVrb A H$mMr ~oaro H$am. AmVm Vw_Mm AmdS>Vm ì`º$s `ob b. 1) ^md$ 2) ~{hu 3) {ejh$ 4) {_Ì 5) AmB 6) ds>rb 7) {ejh$ 8) Jmd 9) _hm{dúmb` AmVm _r AmUIr H$m` gm Jw `owrb {ejum~ôb! gjù`mv Mm Jb H$m boo Am_M! ~a Omdy Úm Xwgam A H$ {ZdSy>Z ~Km. _J. dèhms>o Amo_ gwaoe 12 dr ({dkmz) ^`M{H$V Z_md VwO a_ur OZ H$go VwS>{dVr VwO MaUr Ÿ&& Y Ÿ&& _hmh$dr, VÎdk, ^wnvr g_a Ywa Ya dra YraJ{V pñwvnk har Cat H$m S>rVr, àgd V`m Mr Vw OZZr Ÿ&&1Ÿ&& ^wv {ZKmbm Vd CXam VyZ dv _mz Ko A H$s bmoiu ^{dî` nmhr _wbr, amì{xz Vd hmho$mr dmq> _Zr VwÂ`m H$mpÝVZo M Ð PiPio, \w$bm \w$bnu _wbr, VwO_wio aëzr amj VwPm Jo COio VwÂ`mñVdM hr {à` ^{JZr ^`M{H$V Z_mdo VwO a_ur OZ H$go VwS>{dVr VwO MaUr Ÿ? ^wao AZwOm g Vmof ~r.h$m _.(V Vr` df ) doi AmO _r hauma Zmhr _mjo nmhuma Zmhr Amlw T>miUma Zmhr EH$hr g Yr hmvmr Omdy XoUma Zmhr AmO _r _mâ`m Am`wî`mVë`m gdm V _m ë`dmz g nîmrmr CÎm_ Jw VdUwH$ H$arZ Vr åhuoo doi hmo`. I Xmao Vm kmzxrn ~r.e. /35 {ÛVr`

36 em ` JmWm _wbrmm h $ {damo Ho$ {ga amo ~Z em H$s nmdz JmWm {Ogo gwzvm h g gma N>mVr CR>mHo$ _mwm Vw_ ^r gwzmo Vw_ ^r gwzmo Ÿ&&1Ÿ&& `wx²y ^w_r h AnZm A mjz em ` h_mar {àvr h H $gm ^r hmo `wj Z`m Zm Zm h_zo Zm N>moS>m T> J H$^r Vw_ ^r gwzmo Vw_ ^r gwzmo Ÿ&&2Ÿ&& N>b go OrVZm H$nQ> go OrZm h_o Z hr ^mjmv gw` Zo h_o M_H$Zm {gim`m M Xm Zo h_o X_H$Zm {gim`m h_ CZH$s g VmZ h Ÿ& Vw_ ^r gwzmo Vw_ ^r gwzmo Ÿ&&3Ÿ&& ^wao AZwOm g Vmof ~r.h$m _.(V Vr` df ) ZH$mo H$é AmB Vw _mâ`m OÝ_mMm Am H$mV.. Zmhr Vwbm Imbr nmhmdo bmjuma `m OJmV AmVm Zmhr `ouma H$Yr ZH$ma _wbm H$Sy>Z, Zmhr Q>moH$Um a AmVm Oer _owrmr OwS>r H$mTy>Z _wbrv XoIrb AmVm H$mhr H$_r Zmhr, VmR> _mzozo OJVmV Ë`m H$éZ ZOa dahr nmhrz OmD$Z _wbmà`m KaMr _mvr {H$Vr ^yg^yerv Amho amonq>çmà`m dmt>rgmr>r _wbjr OÝ_mbm KmbyZ Vy Ho$bm Zmhrg JwÝhm XmoÝhr Hw$i CX²YaÊ`mgmR>r _wbjrm ìhmdo dmq>vo nwýhm-nwýhm.. Hw$.am`\$io {evb gy{zb ~r.h$m _.(V Vr` df ) kmzxrn /36

37 AmB Aer _m` _mpr AmB VwPr J _m`m {Xbrg _Obm {dembh$m`m {H$Vr VwPr Am^mi _m`m eãxmv CVé _r? XoD$Zr Jmoù`mg AmH$ma Ho$bog Vw ñdßz gmh$ma Ambrg Vy qenbm ~Z{dbo _movr _Obm MmbVmZm _Obm {Xbm _XVrMm Vw hmv {eh$dbo Vy OJm`Mo _Obm PobyZr Xw:I Vy _ZmV ^ab g gáa J OrdZmV AmUbo ~i `m n ImV KoD$ Pon `m JJUmV JmD$ {H$Vr _r JmUo AmB -VwPm {dzm gd H$mhr CUo! Hw$.am`\$io {evb gy{zb ~r.h$m _.(V Vr` df ) ~mo~s>çm ~mobmbm gmx {Xbm MmbVmZm _XVrbm hmv {Xbm H$m S> H$m VwH$mMm dfm d Ho$bm _Zr `emmr {eiao Jw \$Umar Aer _m` _mpr... {OZo Amnë`m Hw$erV Ioidb VoÀ`m nxamv dmt>dbo _mzdvozo OJm`bm {eh$dbo Iè`m ImoQ>çmVrb A Va XmIdUmar Aer _m` _mpr... _mzmz OJmd H$g OZ{hVmgmR>r bt>md H$g g_momm F$U \o$s>md H$g g ñh$ma ho _Zr KS>dUmar Aer _m` _mpr... Hw$.am`\$io {evb gy{zb ~r.h$m _.(V Vr` df ) kmzxrn /37

38 AmB ~m~m ds>rb, ~m~m, nßnm, S> S>r, {nvm {b{hê`mbm ~mobê`mbm AmnU àë`oh$ou ghonuo, Zoh_r OmUwZ-~wOyZ eãx CƒmaVmo Vmo åhuoo ~mn, hmo` Ë`mM ~mnm{df`r. AmB KamM _mjë` AgV Va ~mn KamM AñVrËd AgVmo nu KamÀ`m `m ApñVËdmbm IaM Amåhr g_owz KoVb H$m? d{s>bm Zm OmñV _hîd Agb Var Ë`mÀ`m{df`r OmñV ~mobb OmV Zmhr, {b{hb OmV Zmhr. H$moUVmhr ì`m»`mvm d{s>bm {df`r OmñV ~mobv Zmhr. _mì AmB {df`r OmñV ~mobb OmVo. g V _hmëå`mzo hr AmB MoM Jm ad Ho$b. Mm Jë`m Jmoï>tZm AmB MrM Cn_m {Xbr OmVo. ~mnm{df`r _mì Hw$R>oM H$mhr aoimq>v Zmhr. H$mhr bmoh$m Zr ~mn aoimq>bm, _mì Vmo VmnQ>, _mahmz H$aUmam, ì`gzr Agm. g_momv Ago EH$ XmoZ Q> o$ ~mn AgVrb nu Mm Jë`m {në`mm H$m`? AmB H$S>o AlwMr nmq> AgVmV nu ~mnmh$s>o g `_mmo KQ> AgVmV AmB asy>z _moh$ir hmovo nu gm ËdU d{s>bm ZmM H$amdo bmjvo as>umè`mnojm gm ËdU H$aUmè`mda OmñV VmU ns>vmo. H$maU Á`moVrnojm g_b M VmnVo Zm nu lo` _mì Á`moVrbm OmVo. amooà`m OodUmMr gmo` H$aUmar AmB Am_À`m bjmv amhvo _mì Am`wî`mÀ`m {exmoarmr gmo` H$aUmam ~mn _mì Amåhr {H$Vr gho {dgê$z OmVmo. AmB as>vo nu ~mn as>v Zmhr H$maU, ñdv:hmmm ~mn dmabm Varhr as>vm `ov Zmhr H$maU ^md S>m Zm Onm`M AgV. AmB dmabr Varhr ~{hurbm AmYma Úm`Mm AgVmo nëzr Jobr, Varhr as>vm `ov Zmhr H$maU boh$am Zm gm ^mim`m AgV. H$mQ>m Q>moMbm H$s gho, ZH$iV eãx CƒmaVmo Vmo åhuoo AmB J... nu VgoM AMmZH$ gmn g_moa Ambm H$s AmnU eãx CƒmaVmo Vmo åhuoo ~mn ao... N>moQ>çm N>moQ>çm g H$Q>m gmr>r AmB Mr _m`m bmjvo _mì _mor>çm g H$Q>m Zm ~mnmmr JaO bmjvo. ~mnmmr {H$_`m hr AOwZ H$moUmbm H$imbrM Zmhr ~mn Amnë`m JaOm _mjo Q>mHw$U _wbm À`m JaOm ^mjdvmo. Aem ~mnmbm gho {dgéz Om`M H$m? Hw$.I Xmao qgyy na_oída ~r.e.({ûvr` df ) kmzxrn /38

39 AmB Mo ào_ hþ S>m~br ór Mo nì AmB À`m ào_mbm Zmhr Ia M H$emMrM ga {VM {JadVo `m OÝ_mMo _wimja... OÝ_mbm {Xbm {VZo gwaoi AmH$ma.. OJÊ`mMr Agr_ C_u AZ ídmgmmm {VM AmYma... gw:i Xw:ImMr {h CZ-gmdbr gmogyz _wbm Zm H$aVo Vr VoO`wº$ {H$aUm Zr àia... boh$amà`m Amamo½`mMr `emmr H$aVo Vr Zoh_rM H$Xa... Ia åhuoo AmB {h, {H${V J«oQ> Amho! Vr Va XodmZr {Xbobr Aà{V_ ^oq> Amho. åhuyzm Va gd OJmV {V loð> Amho. Hw$.gmaS>m nwz_ g VmofHw$_ma ~r.h$m _.({ÛVr` df ) nìmv _OHw$a {bhvo _r AmB {Oìhmù`mM _mâ`m BWo H$moUr Zmhr Q>moMyZ ~mobo _bm gmgw~mb... amoo _bm N>iVmV hþ S>çmÀ`m nm`r amì {XZ H$aVo _r H$m_ KS>r^a Zmhr {Odmbm Amam_ KaH$m r H$aVo Oar ZH$mo J AmB _bm gmga Kar boh$ VwPr BH$S>o CnmerM amhr amoo _bm N>iVmV hþ S>çmÀ`m nm`r... _mor>çm {XamMm Amho _bm YmH$ OmirZ åhuvmo {~ZYmoH$ AmR>dU VwPr AmB `ovo nxmonxr `oerb H$Yr AmB _r OmÊ`mAmYr Ë`mZo Omirbr _mor>r OmD$~mB amoo _bm N>iVmV hþ S>çmnmB. Hw$.gmaS>m nwz_ g VmofHw$_ma ~r.h$m _.({ÛVr` df ) kmzxrn /39

40 gmdbr OÝ_bmo _m`oà`m nmoq>r dmt>bo {VÀ`m AmoQ>r Mmbbo YéU ~moq>r ~mobbo {VÀ`m AmoR>r Ÿ& Imbbr ~mnmmr amoq>r {Xbr nmê`mmr bmoq>r {_imbr kmzmmr JmoQ>r g ñh$mam Mr {eh$du _mor>r Ÿ& dos>r ~{hurmr _m`m A_wë` ^mdmmr N>m`m {_Ìm Mr dojir H$m`m g_mommr AmJir Úm! {ZgJm Zo g ï>r WmQ>br, gmar newnjr OJbr ZH$iV _mzdmbm {_imbr {h gmar ào_mmr gmdbr! Hw$.gmaS>m nwz_ g VmofHw$_ma ~r.h$m _.({ÛVr` df ) H$m`m H$m`m eovm_ Yr Km_ {Oad {Oad Vìhm CJb CJb H$m`m_YyZ {had! `ovm nrh$mbo ~hma eovmeovmv {hd ` H$g {nh$b ao gmoz {hì`m _YyZ {ndi! Aer YarVrMr _m`m Aao, Vrbo Zhr gr_m Xw{Z`mMo gd} nmoq> {VÀ`m_Yr Pmbo O_m! eovm _Yr ^md$am`m Ambm nrh $ Jm OaV hmv OmoS>r_Z Ho$bm YaVrbo X S>dV! eovm_yr ^md$am`m Imbo dmh$bm dmh$bm Ë`mZ Amnë`m H$nm`r {Q>`m _mq>rmm bmdbm Aer ^m½`d V _m` ^md$am`mmr O_rZ dms>ds>rbm Mo Xodm, amir R>od ao dvz! YaVrbo X S>dV ~{hum~mb Mm Yar kmzxrn /40

41 J {hur H${dVm ~mb À`m AmoR>mAmS> XS>bobo AgVo as>uo da da hguo Am{U AmVë`m AmV Hw$T>Uo Amë`m Joë`mMm gëh$ma ~mb ñdv: H$aVo Ka^a dmao hmod$z VrMo gvv \$savo Zdam, _wbo, gmgy, gmgam {VbmM gmx XoVmV amì {Xdg {VMo H$ï> {dzm _mo~xbm KoVmV AmOmè`mÀ`m Cemnmer {Xdm hmod$z OmJoV ^ë`m nhmq>o CRy>Z ~mb nwýhm H$m_mbm bmjvo "am Ym dmt>m, Cï>r H$mT>m ' Mo H$nmimda Jm XU Jm XUmda IwbV AgVmo gy` J Y {Q>im Mma H$mù`m _Ê`m Zr` gmoam {XgVmo Jim Hw$erV ^ma dmhÿz XoVo d emmm {Xdm nwt>ë`m AZoH$ {nt>çmg Jo VrM OwidVo Xwdm ^wb V nm` éodyz Vr Am^mimda \w$bvo XohmMmM Im ~ H$éZ AdKo Ka VmobVo. Hw$._hmOZ nwom JOmZZAmßnm ~r.h$m _.({ÛVr` df ) MT>b MT>b AmVm B I A J^a Z $s hm` AmVm nmoarm _au H$m` H$amd øm OJmbm ~mb Ýhm` nmoarmr {H$å_V B W Xoìhmè`mMr Á`moVr ìhvr AmVm gauma gauma! gm Jy {H$Vr OJmMm `m OmM H$ï> H$éZhr ImC XoV ÝhmB Xodm, AmVm Ý`m` Jobm Hw$R> bìhmù`mmr nmvr ìhvr AmVm Sy>~Uma Sy>~Uma Ÿ&& MT>dVm MT>dVm AmnQ>b nq>h$z ømo H$Sy>H$mQ>m H$m? {VÀ`mM a nmb ìhvm bmoh$mmm dmh $ {_U{_UVr nuvr ìhvr AmVm _mdiuma _mdiuma Ÿ&& _éz JobrV nmoarmr _Z _ZrM as>vmv R>mB R>mB Aer `od$ ÝhmB `ob gwdmgmmr hr eod Vr hd Hw$Ur OnUma OnUma Ÿ&& Hw$._hmOZ nwom JOmZZAmßnm ~r.h$m _.({ÛVr` df ) kmzxrn /41

42 Z F$U OÝ_XoMo {\$Q>o H$er `ed Vm Zr AmB Mr Wmoadr JmVmZm åhq>bo Amho," ñdm_r {VÝhr OJmMm AmB {dzm {^H$mar!' AJXr Iao Amho Vo! _mvoà`m ào_mmr H$emer VwbZm Zmhr. gîmm, _Îmm, {dx²dîmm gmao øm OÝ_XonwT>o H$:nXmW AmhoV. _mvoà`m dmëgë`mmo ñdén gd Ì gmaiom AmT>iVo. Mma Kar qhsy>z ^mh$a-vwh$s>m Jmoim H$éZ AmUUmar {^H$marU ñdv: Cnmer amhvo. nu Amnë`m boh$ambm Vmo Ambm H$moaS>m VwH$S>m AmYr ^advo. àg Jr AnË`mÀ`m dmëgë`mnmoq>r _mvm Amnë`m àmum Mrhr ~mor bmdvo. B{VhmgmVrb `mmo {Od V ñ_mah$ åhuoo am`js>mdarb {hah$ur ~wéo! _mvm boh$ambm \$º$ OÝ_M XoV Zmhr Va gd ñdr nadmb ~r Agboë`m Amnë`m ~mimbm Vr Z`Zm Mm {Xdm d VihmVm Mm nmium H$éZ gd Vmonar gm ^mivo. Vr Ë`mbm ImD${nD$ KmbyZ Ë`mMo g JmonZ H$aVo d Ë`mM~amo~a Ë`mbm {Z{VH$Wm, MmVw` H$Wm gm JyZ Vr Ë`mMo Hw$gw_H$mo_b _Z \w$bdvo Am{U Ë`mda gwg ñh$ma KS>{dVo. {ed~m, {dzmo~m, ~mnyor `mgma»`m _mzd loï>m Zr Amnë`m `emmo lo` A m n ë ` m _ m V o b m M { X b o A m h o. ~ m n y O r V a A m n ë ` m AmË_d ÎmmV gm JVmV, "" EH$ _mvm hr ghó {ejh$m nojm loð> Amho. '' OZZr ho X dv Ago Agm_mÝ` Aho, Vo Amnë`mda H $nm àgmxmmr I amv gx d H$aV AgVo. åhuwz Va àë`j ^JdmZ am_m Ðm Zr ñdjm nojmhr _mvm loð> dmq>vo. åhuwzm H$dr åhuvmo, "AmB gmaio X dv gmè`m OJVm_{Y Zmhr.' Hw$._hmOZ nwom JOmZZAmßnm ~r.h$m _.({ÛVr` df ) YÝ` Vo Á`mo{V~m Ÿ& YÝ` Vr gm{dìr AkmZmÀ`m Ÿ& amìr COië`m AkmZmV OZ Ÿ& {H$S>çmn[a _obo AkmZ habo Ÿ& Á`mo{V~m Zr emim H$mTw>{Z`m Ÿ& kmz {Xbo OZm {ó`m À`m doxzm Xya Ho$ë`m AmÚ {e{jho$mm Ÿ& _mz gm{dìrbm Á`mo{V~m Zr {Xbm Ÿ& YÝ` Ë`m Mr AmÚ H$d{`Ìr Ÿ& _amr>r ^mfovr J YdVr Ë`m Mr Ÿ& H$mì`\w$bo ñ\y$vu Á`mo{V~m Mr Ÿ& nmr>r Ë`m À`m amhr àmoëgmhz XoB Ÿ& gëh$m`m V godmh$m`u _ Ë`w Ÿ& hmgv pñdh$mar amï > Z_ñH$mar Ÿ& {VÀ`m nm`m Hw$._hmOZ nwom JOmZZAmßnm ~r.h$m _.({ÛVr` df ) kmzxrn /42

43 ét>tmm {ZfoY ñdàn>vm ~mnmmo diu nmoambm bmjvr ZH$mo gm Jm`bm Xwgè`m Zr KamÊ`mÀ`m àwm _wi Mmb{dVr _wh$mq>çmzo hmb gmogvmvr ~mnmzo H$m Ho$bo _wbmbm H$ioZm divm diozm `mo½`vohr ^º$sbm ñdén `m {ÌH$mMo Ambo Am`wî` do{mbo dos>çmn[a Zì`m g ñh $VrÀ`m EoH$m Oam hmh$m OwZo gmao \o$h$m Zdo `m Zm H$_ H$m S> gmos>m, XodY_ gmos>m àjvrmm KmoS>m _J Xm S>o lwvr- ñ_ Vr - dox {H$Vr CJmiVm OrU Pmbr gîmm Ë`m Mr AmVm OJ Pmbo Ka Zdm `o {dmma g H$moMmbm Wma Zmhr AmVm _mzdmmr OmV Y_ -n W EH$ XodVmhr EH$ _mzdvm _m`m _muwgh$s Vwåhm hmh$ XoVo Á`mbm EoHy$ `ovo VmoM Wmoa Hw$._hmOZ nwom JOmZZAmßnm ~r.h$m _.({ÛVr` df ) ñdàn>vm åhuoo Var H$m`? Oer XwYm damr gm` Vr gjù`m ZmM hdr hm` nu {VÀ`mgmR>r à`ëz H$moUrM H$gmM-H$gmM H$aV Zm` Cä`m amumvb J T>moa Oer Mmam ImV-ImV Om` \$º$ Mm Jb-Mw Jb Im` nu H$Mè`mg Vm S> bmdv Zm` Vm S> bmdv Zm` H$Mam H$mo_mg ZH$mo J ~mb, nu H$moUr CMbV Zm` Ag åhuvmv H$moUrnU H$ab nu AmnU H$mhrM H$am`M Zm` H$mhrM H$am`M Zm` nwýhm åhum`m gah$ma H$mhr Mm Jbr Zm` H$mhrM H$aV Zm` Aao, XmXm gah$ma H$aVr nu, AmnU à{vgmx XoVM Zm` amd$v a JZmW àh$meamd ~r.h$m _.(àw_ df ) kmzxrn /43

44 [ah$m_nu... _r ZmoH$ar H$aV Zmhr _r ~mns>r KamVM ~gvo gmè`m Zm _r [ah$m_rm {XgVo `m Zm gm Jy H$m H$m_mMr `mxr _XV H$aob H$m H$moUr gmyr gmè`m Zm ~mhoa Om`Mr KmB AgVo _r Va øm Zm [ah$m_mr {XgVo! nmur-q>m dob `m Zm A`V hd XmoZ hmvm Zr _r H$m` H$m` H$amd? ñdv:h$mhr H$am`Mr V`marM ZgVo _r Va `m Zm [ah$m_rm {XgVo Ÿ! Oodm`bm Ja_ Ja_ hd gmè`m Zm _rm dmty>z Úmd àë`oh$mmr doi dojdojir AgVo. Varhr _r [ah$m_rm {XgVo! _bmhr dmq>v Mhm KoV nona nhmdm VmÁ`m ~mvå`m Mm AmZ X `mdm gmgy~mb åhuvmv H$m_mÀ`m doir Aer H$m` ~gvog? {Xdg^a Va Vy [ah$m_rm AgVog! XwnmaMo H$m` H«$_ Ooìhm gwé hmovmv VoìhmM _obo bmb Q> OmVmV Zmhr Var _r H$m_mVM AgVo nu gmè`m Zm _r [ah$m_rm {XgVo! {XdgmH$mR>r àë`oh$mmo nmm nþmg \$moz `ovmv gmè`m Mo {Zamon {bhÿz `mdo bmjvmv Ahmo am±jz ~abmhr _rm ~ao ^oq>vo Ë`m Zmhr H$er _r [ah$m_rm {XgVo! H$YrVar AmdaV bdh$a gma Voìhm dmq>v Pmonmd ~ X H$ê$Z Xma Aí`mMdoir XmamdaMr ~ob dmovo goëg_zbmhr _rm [ah$m_r {XgVo! YwÊ`m^m S>çmbm bmdmdr ~mb Va ho åhuvmv Vwbm H$gbr H$m_mMr KmB H$embm {Vbm n go XoVog {Xdg^a Va Vy [ah$m_rm AgVog! Am \$sgmvyz Amë`mda `m Zm hdo nmoho Z² Mhm _bm åhuvmv Amaí`mV Oam nhm Vy g Ü`mH$mir Var \«o$e H$m ZgVog? {Xdg^a Vy [ah$m_rm AgVog! gwq>rà`m {Xder ZmíVm OodU Zr MmaM ImU àë`oh$mmr dojdojir \$_m B e AgVo H$maU gmè`m ZmM _r [ah$m_r {XgVo! EImX doir åhq>b ~mhoa Oodm`bm OmD$ Oa Xwgè`mÀ`m hmvm Am`V ImD$ ho åhuvmv VwÂ`m hmvmmrm Md N>mZ AgVo Ë`m Zm Va _r [ah$m_rm {XgVo! _bmhr dmq>v nmb a_ü`o Omd gmè`m gmai ZrQ>ZoQ>H $ {Xgmd nu ho åhuvmv Vy AerM N>mZ {XgVo Zmhr Var Vy KarM AgVog! hm goz ZdrZ nxmw H$aVo _ZmnmgyZ Ka AmdaVo nu _mâ`m H$m_mMr qh$_vm ZgVo H$maU gmè`m Zm _r [ah$m_rm {XgVo! g H$bZ Hw$.{gagmQ> {Zem lram_ ~r.h$m _.({ÛVr` df ) kmzxrn /44

45 Ambr bha Ho$bm H$ha MwH$m Ambr bha Ho$bm H$ha Ambr bha Ho$bm H$ha Á`moV noq>br _Zm_Yr ñdàn>vomo _hîd KoD$Z Ambo ñd `godh$ Vw_À`m Jmdm_Ü`o nmur AmS>dm nmur {Oadm Iam~ nmur gmosy>z Úm Ë`mg O{_ZrV {Oadm hm gd _wbm Mm Amho Zmam Ë`m_wio Vw_À`m Amamo½`mMm dmt>ob nmam `m hmwm_ü`o PmSy> `m hmwm_ü`o PmSy> Xma Ka KoD$ PmSy>Z ~g `ods>m H$am \$º$ H$m_ Ë`m_wio H$m` hmob b? Vw_Mo Jm±d Vw_Mo Ka hmob b {VW joì H$mer Ym_. åhuwzm åhuvmo {_Ìm Zmo Ambr bha Ho$bm H$ha Ambr bha Ho$bm H$ha gd Ì ZmXw Xo ao Xodm gwi g_ Õr Am{U Amamo½`mMm ~ha Amamo½`mMm ~ha... jumojur MwH$m KS>VmV Am{U lo` hadwz ~gvmv Amnë`mM [ah$må`m Am Oir Amnë`mbm \$ma H$mhr {eh$drv AgVmV H$U^a MwH$sbmhr Am^mimEdT>r gom AgVo MwH$ AZ² {ejm `m Mr H$mhr Vmio~ Xr _m S>m`MrM ZgVo EH$ H $Vr EH$ eãx EH$M {Z{_f MwH$V -hþh$v Cä`m OÝ_mÀ`m MwH$m_wH$sbm VodT> EH$ {Z{_Îm nwav AIoa ho gma KS>V Ho$di AmnU H$mhr {eh$ê`mgmr>r AmnU _mì {eh$v AgVmo nwýhm nwýhm MwH$Ê`mgmR>r Hw$.gmoZQ> o$ ñzohm ~r.h$m _.(V Vr` df ) amd$v a JZmW àh$me ~r.h$m _.(àw_ df ) kmzxrn /45

46 ds>rbm Mo ì`º$s{mì AmB -AmB `oum Oam ~m~m H$S>o ~K ~m~mà`m `m S>moù`m_Ü`o nmdgmmo T>J AmB Oa ~K Oam ~K AmB -AmB `oum Oa ~m~mh$s>o ~K Oa ~K! ~m~m AmVm ~Km`bm {Xgm`Um ~am AmB dos>r Jwn {MS>r ns>bobm dmam AmB dos>r Jwn{MS>r nt>bobm dmam AmB -AmB `oum Oa ~m~mh$s>o ~K ~m~mà`m `m S>moù`m_Ü`o nmdgmmo T>J AmB Oa ~K! hmbo Zmhr Sw>bo Zmhr Ogm H$mhr \$moq>mo ~m~m Zmhr bm ~wzm `ovmo hñ`o V ìhm AOwZM H$g ~ao {Xgo AmB -AmB `oum Oa ~m~mh$s>o ~K ~m~mà`m S>moù`m_Ü`o nmdgmmo T>J AmB Oa ~K! Oa ~K! AmB _J CR>{Z`m Hw$er_Ü`o KoVo Amobo S>moio nwgw{z`m Amobo N>mVr ZoVo VwPo {Od ~m~m hmvr H$m` ~mobo {MÌmVbo a J Ë`mÀ`m JVr Amobo Amobo Mohè`mMm a J nmhm Hw$Ur Zobm hgumam ~m~m Hw$Ur nidyz Zobm hgumam ~m~m Hw$Ur nidyz Zobm AmB -AmB `oum Oam ~m~mh$s>o ~K ~m~mà`m `m S>moù`m_Ü`o nmdgmmo T>J nmdgmmo T>J AmB Oam ~K AmB Oam ~K! Oam ~K! _moao {ZVoe ~ Sy> ~r.e.(v Vr` df ) {dmmabo ~m~m nmhvmog H$m` ~Ko dar Am^mimMm bmjvmo H$mWma H$m` gm Jw nmoar Vwbm H$iUma Zmhr Am^mimbm Ambo hmvr O_rZhr Zmhr Mm H$S> H$m S>boë`m OJÊ`mMm {Xem hmvr Zmhr H$m_ JmS>m Mmbm`Mm H$gm KmoS>m Pmbmo Var {eh$bmom Zmhr {eh$m`à`m OJm_Ü`o {Q>H$bmoM Zmhr AmB -AmB `oum Oam ~m~m H$S>o ~K ~m~mà`m `m S>moù`m_Ü`o nmdgmmo T>J nmdgmmo T>J AmB Oa ~K! Oa ~K! kmzxrn /46

47 qh Xr {d ^m J g nmxh$ Zohm àvmnamd H$moQ>H$a ~r.e. àw_ df gh-g nmxh$ {gve {dç>bamd JìhmUo ~r.e. V Vr` df kmzxrn /47

48 Jm Yr Am a gw^mf H$_bqgh Mm hmz \y$b Iwe~wAm Ho$ Xm_Z _ {g_q> OmVo h, H$m Q>o AnZr ~oê$ir go ha OJa {na OmVo h Ÿ& M[aÌ Am a gm X` Xm_Z _ g_oq> bovo h bmoj {Z`_ gm\$ hmo Vmo KwS>o Ho$ {XZ ^r {\$a ^r OmVo h Ÿ& \y$b Iwe~wAm Ho$ Xm_Z _ {g_q> OmVo h... {ZñdmW H$s H$gmoQ>r Mm XZr gr ~oxmj hmovr h, na_mw _ ñdm{^_mz H$s AmJ hmovr h bmoj ~om XoZo AnZo {Jao~mZ H$mo M X {g $mo H$s Im{Va, dmz {Z^mZodmbo Jm Yr Am a gw^mf hmo OmVo h Ÿ& \w$b Iwe~wAm Ho$ Xm_Z _ {g_q> OmVo h... Xm_Z na ~odoh H$sMS> CN>mbZo dmbo XmJXma hmovo h, Omo h gë` Ho$ H$ar~ dmo C mh Ho$ d\$mxma hmovo h Ÿ& Mm±XZr H$mo e_ ema H$hZodmbo ~XZwAm XmJ h ŸXmoñVmo, Omo BÝgmZ H$mo g_pvo dmo B gm{z`v Ho$ H$ar~ hmo OmVo h Ÿ& \y$b Iwe~wAm Ho$ Xm_Z _ {g_q>a OmVo h Ÿ& g H$bZ Hw$.gmZn d embr ~r.eñgr. {ÛVr` df EH$ nb Iw~ gwav gm EH$ nb {H$ñgm ~Z OmVm h Ÿ& OmZo H$~, H$m Z qoxjr H$m {hñgm ~Z OmVm h Ÿ& qoxjr _ Hw$N> bmoj {_bvo h, EH$ nb Ho$ {be Ÿ& {OZgo H$^r Zm Qy>Q>Zodmbm, EH$ [aívm ~Z OmVm h Ÿ& bmoj _ {Ob H$mo _wpíh$b g_pvo h, h wpíh$b H$mo _ {Ob g_pvo h Ÿ& ~S>m \$H $ h bmojm _ Am a hg_, bmoj qoxjr H$mo XmoñV Am a h_, XmoñV H$mo qoxjr g_pvo h Ÿ& gw{dmma nwom Zo{_M X H$mÝhoS> ~r.eñgr. {ÛVr` df ha ObVo XrnH$ Vbo A±Yoam hmovm h Ÿ& ha amv Ho$ nrn>o EH$ g~oam hmovm h Ÿ&& bmoj S>a OmVo h, _wgr~v H$mo XoIH$a Ÿ& ha _wgr~v Ho$ nrn>o gwi H$m g~oam hmovm h Ÿ& _mywar MmQ>go ~r.eñgr. {ÛVr` kmzxrn /48

49 Hw$.F${VH$m ~yago ~r.eñgr.{ûvr` df AmO H$s `wdm {nt>r OrdZ H$s dh S>Ja Ohm {Xb hr {Xb Ho$ Vma N>oS> Xo dh h `wdm Ÿ& Xo dh h `wdm Ÿ& ñdm_r {ddoh$mz XOr EH$ OJa H$hVo h H$s, "Give me 10 pure young persons & I will change the world" Š`m Iw~ _Vb~ {Xb Am a {X_mJ H$mo H$s `wdm {nt>r AnZo H$V ì` go n[a{mv h? Š`m dmo AnZm CÎmaXm{`Ëd {Z^m ahr h Vmo Odm~ em`x Zht hr hmojm Ÿ& npím_r Xoem Ho$ O gm AZwH$aU H$aZm hr Š`m AnZr g ñh $Vr h Ÿ& {dmma, AmXa, [avr[admo Bg O gr ~mvo Vmo _mzmo O go {g\ $ {H$Vm~m H$s hmo _oh_mz ~ZH$a ah J`r hmoÿ& {_Pm Jmbr~ Or EH$ AnZo eoa _ H$hVo h H$s- ""dmo bm Š`m {hbo, {OgH$mo {h\$mov hdm H$ao H$mo eå_m Š`m ~ypo {Ogo amoez IwXm H$ao Ÿ&&'' H$hZo H$m _Vb~ h {H$ AJa AnZo {dmma MhmZm H$s Vah _O~yV hmo Vmo Zm_w_H$sZ Hw$N> ^r Zht Ÿ& Š`m AnZo ~ƒo H$mo Á`mXm Iwer`m± XoZo H$s doh gm_zo H$a CÝho nmbh$ BVZr Ny>Q> Zht XoVo h H$s dh AnZr ha {Oå_oXmar hr ^yb OmE Ÿ& We want a change in the youth of Nation it we want total independence `h {VbH$ Or H$s ~mvo Vmo H$mB gwzzo H$mo V `ma hr Zht Ÿ& ^mav H$s `wdm {nt>r H$mo g_ozm Mm{hE H$s {\$a go{dxoe H$s H $nzr`m ^mav Ho$ ~momam _ _ S>am ahr h Ÿ& {Z_m U H$s ~mv ha {H$grZo gmomzr Mm{hE, Zht Vmo B{Vhmg XmohaVo Xoa Zht bjojr Ÿ& B_mZXmar, _ohzv gƒmb Am a bjz `o ~mvo gmw h Vmo AnZm bú` {ZpíMV H$amo Am a Cgo nwam H$aZo Ho$ {be hþ ns>mo Ÿ& `o, AmaO H$s `wdm {nt>r Vwåho AnZo ^mav H$m {MÌ ~XbVm hþam Zht {XI ahm h? OmJmo ^r g_` h h go ^r H$moB nwê$fmoîm_ ~Z gh$mv h Ÿ& EH$ H$dr Zo H$hm h ""{ga {OZHo$ ehmxv Ho$ {be hmovo h, H $Yo {OZHo$ _ XmZ-E-O J hmovo h, na _ OrXm dšv Zo Cg `wdm H$mo hr ~Xb S>mbm dazm H$mo Vmo {Z_m U Ho$ {be hmovo h Ÿ& '' kmzxrn /49

50 Hw$.gwaoIm hþbo ~r.e.v Vr` df M ÐeoIa AmOmX H«$m {VH$mar `wdh$ M ÐeoIa AmOmX \$ama Wo Ÿ& {~«{Q>e gah$ma Zo CÝh nh$s>zo Ho$ {be nm M homa ê$n`m H$m ZH$X nwañh$ma Kmo{fV H$a aim Wm Ÿ& na Vw AmOma nw{bgdmbm Ho$ n Omo _ \ $g hr Zht aho Wo Ÿ& {H$gr Vah {N>nVo-{N>nVo EH$ {XZ dh Ka Ho$ gm_zo nhþ Mo Am a XadmOm IQ>IQ>m`mŸ& dhm EH$ d Õm AnZr ~oq>r Ho$ gmw ahvr Wr Ÿ& AmOmX Zo H$hm - ""_ M ÐeoIa AmOmX hÿ± Ÿ& AmO amv, O go ^r hmo Vwåhmao `hm± {N>nH$a ahzm MmhVm hÿ Ÿ&'' M ÐeoIa AmOm ah$m Zm_ gwzvo hr d Õm Iwe hmo D$R>r Ÿ& BgZo AmOmX H$mo N>mVr go bjmh$a ~oq>o H$s Vah ß`ma Am a Amerf {X`m Am{U bs>h$s go go ^mooz namogzo Ho$ {be H$hm Ÿ& O~ dh bs>h$s ImZm namogh$a bmb Vmo ~mvm hr ~mvm _o AmOmX Zo nwn>m - ""Aå_m! h_mao ~hzmob {H$g Jm d _o ahvo h Ÿ& H$^r dšv {_bm Vm CZgo ^r _ybmh$mv H$a b Jo Ÿ& '' `h gwzvo d Õm H$m Moham CXmg hmo J`m dh ~mobr - ""o~oq>m, Jar~m H$m Vmo B ída hr _m{bh$ h, XhoO H$s ah$_ OwQ>m ahr hÿ± Ÿ& O~ XhoO H$s ^anya ah$_ OyQ> OmEJr V^r Voar ~hz Ho$ hmw nrbo H$a nmd $Jr Ÿ& hm, qoxm ahr Vmo H$^r Z H$^r Vwåho Vwåhmao ~hzmob go {_bmd $Jr Oê$aŸ&'' AmOmX Hw$N> gmomh$a ~mobo ""Aå_m, gah$ma Zo _oar {JaâVmar Ho$ {be nm±m homa ê$n`o H$m BZm_ Kmo{fV H$a aim h Ÿ& H$b Amn _wph$mo nw{bho$ hdmbo H$a Xr{OE Ÿ& AmnH$mo BZm_ H$s ah$_ {_bojr, Cggo _oar ~hz H$s emxr ~S>o R>mQ>-~mQ> go hmo hr OmEJr Ÿ& AmnHo$ {ga H$m `h ~mop hbh$m hmo OmEJm Am a ^mb H$mo ^r àgþvm hmojr Ÿ&'' d Õm ~mobr "Aao ~oq>m! nm M homa Vmo Š`m? nm M bmi ê$n`o ^r _wph$mo {_b, Vmo _ Eogr JÔmar Zht H$a gh$vr, {\$a Vwåho Vmo _ Zo ~oq>m H$hH$a N>mVr go bjm`m h Ÿ& B ída g~h$s gwzvm h, H$^r h_mar ^r gwzojm Ÿ&'' BVZm H$haH$ d Õm Zo AmOmX Ho$ {be pñva bjm {X`m Am a IwX AnZo ~oq>r Ho$ gmw Xygao H$_a _o OmH$ boq> JB Ÿ& AJbo {XZ gw~h O~ d XYm Am a CgH$s ~oq>r OmJr kmzxrn /50

51 Vmo CÝhm Zo XoIm {H$ I{Q>`m na AmOmX Zht h Am a dhm na ê$n`m H$m T>oa bjm hþam h Ÿ& nmg hr d Õm Ho$ Zm_ EH$ N>moQ>m gm nì ^r aim WmŸ & M ÐeoIa AmOmX H$m {bimh hþam Wm Bg_ {bim Wm - AmXaUr` Aå_m Or! gmxa MaU ñne! MwnMma MbXoZo H$s JwñVmIr Ho$ {be _m\$s MmhVm hþ± Ÿ& AmnZo _oam àñvmd Zht _ Oya {H$`m, AmnH$s _Ou Ÿ& na A~ AmnH$r Zht AmnHo$ ~oq>o H$s _Ou MboJr Ÿ& Bg nì Ho$ gmw N>moS>o ê$n`m go {OVZr OëXr hmo gho$, _oao ~hz H$s emxr H$a XoZm Ÿ& MmhVm Vmo _ ^r hþ {H$ _ Cg _m Ho$ na ~hz Ho$ nmg ahÿ± Ÿ& na Š`m nvm, H$hm ahÿ±? na Aå_m, EH$ \$ama ^mb AmnZr ~hz Ho$ {be Am a Š`m H$a gh$mv h? {H$ñ_V _ hþam, Vmo H$^r ~hzmob gmh~ go ^r {_b by Jm Am a ~hz H$mo ^r Amerf Xo AmD $Jm Ÿ& A^r Vmo _ Om ahm hÿ± Ÿ& ~hz H$mo ew^merf H$hZm Ÿ& AmnH$m ~oq>m, M ÐeoIa AmVm Z hmo AmVm Z hmo {H$gr H$mo h±gzm Ÿ& Vmo ^ybh$a ^r {H$gr H$mo Z ê$bmzm AmVm Z hmo {H$gr H$mo XmoñV ~ZmZm, Vmo ^wbh$a ^r {H$gr H$mo eìy Z ~ZmZm Ÿ& AmVm Z hmo {H$gr go {Xb bjmzm, Vmo ^wbh$a ^r {H$gr H$m "{Xb Z' VmoS>Zm & AmVm Z hmo H${dVm ~ZmZm, Vmo ^wbh$a ^r {H$gr H$s H${dVm ^r h±gr Z CVZm _oar Bída go `hr h XwAm, \ $bo g gma _ ß`ma, _mohã~v H$s {\$Om Ÿ& Hw$.amD$V XwJm ~r.e.v Vr` df ~o {Q> `m± XoI, H$Ý`m hë`mam Ho$ {gb{gbo YaVr _m± Ho$ H$boOm {hbo Ÿ&& {dkmz H$m `h daxmz ~Zm Wm Om±MZo H$mo ZÝht OmZ na A~ `h A{^emn ~Z J`m ~o{q>`m Ho$ {be e VmZ ~Z J`m Ÿ& ^{dî` _ _m±e Zht {_b Jr {_b Jo {g\ $ AHo$bo ~mn {dkmz H$m Bg_ Xmof Zht h Xmofr h h_mam g_mo H$b ^r Wr {VañH $V ór Om{V Am ^r ah PbV h OZm~ Ÿ& nhbo Vmo {~V OmVo Wo J^ _ Zm _{hz A~ Vmo qbj {ZYm au hmovo hr H$m_ Vå_Zm {ZV ~T> ahm `h IyZr _ Oa AnZo hr Mbm aho grzo _ I Oa ajh$ hr Z ahr O~ H$moI H$s {Xdmao Vmo ajmh$ Ho$ {be h_ {H$go nwh$mao Ÿ& Hw$.amD$V XwJm ~r.e.v Vr` df kmzxrn /51

52 g H$bZ _mywar dmkmm ao ~r.e.v Vr` df Om`gr H$m CÎma EH$ nwamzr OZlw{V h {H$ _m{bh$ _whå_x Om`gr Hw$ ê$n Wo Ÿ& MoMH$ Zo CZHo$ gm±dbo a J Ho$ Mohao H$mo Am a ^r Agw Xa ~Zm {X`m Wm Ÿ& Hw$N> bm Jmo H$m H$hZm h {H$ MoMH$ _ CZH$s EH$ Am±I ^r Mbr JB Wr Ÿ& EH$ H$mZ ^r ~H$ma hmo J`m Wm Ÿ& "_whå_x ~m `t {X{g VOm, EH$ òdz B H$ Am I' C{ŠV Bg OZlw{V H$s nwpîq> H$aVr h Ÿ& A~ Amn EH$moaogo ì`{švëd H$mo H$ënZm H$s{OE Omo Agw Xa hmo, gm±dbo a J H$m hmo, {OgHo$ Mohao na MoMH$ Ho$ XmJ hm, {OgHo$ EH$ hr Am I hmo Am a {OgH$m EH$ H$mZ H$m Z XoVm hmo Ÿ& Eogo ì`{šv H$mo XoIH$a `{X gmymau bmoj h±g `m _wgh$am X Vmo Š`m AmíM` h? qh$vw àh ${V H$s àd {Îm h - dh g VwbZ aivr h Ÿ& a J-ê$n Amoa Am±I-H$mZ H$s H$_r H$s j{vny{v Ho$ ê$n _ B ída Zo CÝh Abm {H$H$ H $R> Am a H${d-öX` {X`m do Om`g Ho$ ahzodmbo Wo Ÿ& `h N>moQ>m gm nwamzm ZJa Wm Ÿ& A~ am`~aobr {Obo _ ho Ÿ& Bggo WmoS>r hr Xya na A_oR>r Zm_H$ EH$ñWmZ h, Omo {H$gr g_` EH$ N>moQ>o amá` H$s amoymzr Wr Am a ~mx _ Ohm± Ho$ amomam Ho$ d eomo H$s AdY Ho$ à_wi Vm þho$xmam _ JUZm hmovr Wr A_oR>r Ho$ Hw$N> amom ~S>o H${dVm - ào_r Wo Ÿ& _{bh$ _whå_x Om`gr Ho$ g_` _ ^r A_oR>r Ho$ Omo amom Wo do ~S>o H${dVm - ào_r Am a H${d nmofh$ Wo Ÿ& Om`grOr A_oR>r Ho$ VËH$mbrZ amom Ho$ H$mì` ào_ H$s MMm gwzh$m CZHo$ Xa~ma _ Jma Ÿ& do dhm± An[a{MV Wo Am a nhbr ~ma JE Wo Ÿ& Xa~ma _ BZHo$ nhþ±mvo hr amom gmh~ H$s {ZJmh BZna ns>r Am a do BZH$m ê$n-a J XoIH$a g `_ Imo ~ R>o Ÿ& do EH$X_ h±g ns>o Ÿ& CZHo$ gmw ~hþv go Xa~mar ^r h±g{xe Ÿ& CÝh AnZr gyav na Bg àh$ma h±gvo XoI Om`gr Zo AnZo drumqd{xv ñda go `h AÕrbr H$hr - _mo{h H$m± h±g{g, {H$ H$moB aqh? AWm V² -_wpna h±g aho hmo Wm Hw$åhma na (_wpo ~ZmZodmbo B ída na) EH$mEH$ BVZo _Ywa H $R> go Eogm àíz gwzh$a amomgmh~ H$mo EH$ YŠH$m-gm bjm Am a CÝh AnZr A{eï>Vm na b mmamb Ÿ& CÝh `h dmš` gwzh$a _mby_ hmo J`m {H$ AmJ VwH$ H$moB H$dr h Ÿ& {\$a Vmo amomgmho~ Zo AnZo A{eï>Vm H$m n[a_mo Z H$aZo Ho$ {be Om`bgr H$s {deof Amd^JV H$s Am a A V _ do CZgo BVZo à^m{dv hþe {H$ CÝhm Zo CÝho ~hþv {XZmo VH$ A_ R>r _ amoho$ aim Ÿ& kmzxrn /52

53 g H$bZ {ZVoe ~ S>y _moao ~r.e. V Vr` df {\$ë_ H$m B{Vhmg {díd {gzo_m H$s ZtX \$moq>moj«m\$s Ho$ A{dîH$ma Ho$ gmw hr 1820 _o "Am{ï>H$b {Ibm Zm ' Ho$ ê$n _o ai Xr JB Wr Ÿ& gz 1878 _o ES>dS> _wwm{~ O Zo Omo S >mon Ûmam pñwa {MÌm _o J{VerbVm H$m à^md CËnÞ {H$`m Ÿ& VXwnam V gì 1890 _ Wmy_g Aëdm ES>rgZ Zo H$mBZoQ>moñH$mon H$mo A{dîH $V H$a _w`m{~«o Ho$ Ûmam CËnÞ Mb{MÌrV à^md H$mo Z`m Am`m_ {X`m Ÿ& Bgo ì`dgm` Ho$ ê$n _ ñwm{nv H$aZo H$m lo` ë`y{_hao ~ YwAm H$mo OmVm h Ÿ& {OÝhm Zo 28 {Xg ~a, 1893 H$mo no[ag _ gd àw_ BgH$m àxe Z {H$`m Ÿ& O{Z g _o{bgzo 1897 _ no[ag Ho$ ì`dgm` H$mo g J{R>V ê$n {X`m Ÿ& ^mav _o BgH$m gyìnmv 1973 _ "Amb_Amam' Ho$ àxe Z go hþam Ÿ& A_o[aH$Z ì`{šv ES>{dZ nm Q> a Zo {gzo_m H$mo ZB {Xem Xr Ÿ& _ëarnb em Q²>g grz H$Q>, ŠbmoOAn, bm J em Q²>g O gr VH$ZrH$ go bm g ½`mah {_ZQ> H$s CZH$s {\$ën "X J«oQ> Q >ozam ~ar~ Zo Xe H$m H$mo gþ H$a {X`mŸ& 1903 _ {Z{_ V `h nhbr \$sma {\$ë_ Wr Ÿ& 1911 _ bm g E {Oëg _o àmnq>u Ho$ Y Yo go OwS>o n{vnëzr {dbh$mågo Zo 120 EH$S> O_rZ IarXH$a CgHo$ ßbm Q> H$mQ>H$a ~omo Am a Bg OJh H$m Zm_ aim Wm Ÿ& hm {bdws> AmD$Q>S>moAa ewqq>j Ho$ {be Amg-nmg AÀN>r OJh hmozo go H$B H $nzr`m Zo ßbm Q> IarXH$a dhm± ñqw>{s>amo Imobo! ~r.s>ãë`y {J«{\$` Zo hmbrdws> _ AmH$ma nhbo ~m`moj«m\$ ñqw>{s>amo Imobm Am a ~mx _ AnZr àmos>šez H $nzr ~ZmB Ÿ& N>h gmb _ CÝhm Zo J^J Mma gm {\$ë_o ~ZmB Ÿ& Yrao-Yrao 1920 _ A_o[aH$s {gzo_m CÚmoJ H$m ê$n ozo bjm Ÿ& AmJo ñqw>{s>amo {gña_ Am`m Am a {\$a ñq>ma {gñq>_ Bgr Xm a _ bj^j 1925 _ Mmbr Mon{bZ, _oar {nh$ \$mos>, S>Jbg \o$ma ~ H$g C^H$a gm_zo Ama Ÿ& Bgr gxr Ho$ nhbo XeH$ _ nyao `yamon _ {\$ë_ {Z_m U Ama ^ hþam Ÿ& 6 AŠVw~a 1927 H$mo B {S>`Z {gzo_ Q>moJ«m\$ H $nzr ~Zr Bgr {XZ Ý`w`mH $ _ Xw{Z`m H$s nhbr ~mobvr {\$ë_ "OmO qgja' {XImB JB Wr Ÿ& gz 1929 _ doñq>z BbopŠQ >H$ {\$ë AmdmO bmzo _ g\$b ahr Ÿ& AmdmO AmVo hr {\$ë JrV g JrV, Z Ë`, OrdZ Am a àh ${V H$s V_m_ AmdmOm Ho$ gmw ZB YS>H$Z, ZB J{V Am a VmOJr Am J`r Ÿ& ~o~r emn nhbr Q>oŠZrH$b {\$ën ~Zr Ÿ& ~mb {~b H$s H$Wm na ~Zr "X amo~' {gzo_mñh$mon {XImB JB nbr {\$ë_ Wr Ÿ& nhbr {VAm`m_r {\$ë_ hmd$g Am \$ d Šg Wr Ÿ& 1952 go nxm 70 E_.E_. hmo J`m Ÿ& ^mav _ {gz_m ^mav _ {gzo_m H$m nhbm emo 7 OwbmB Ÿ1896 H$mo \$mýg Ho$ Xmo ^mb`m AJñV bw_ao Ed bwb g bw_ao Zo {H$`m Ÿ& `h 20 {_ZQ> H$m emo Wm Ÿ& 7 OwbmB 1889 H$mo ^mavo Q>mBåg Am \$ B {S>`m _ nhbm {gzo_m {dkmnz N>`m Ÿ& Bgr df h[aím Ð gƒmam_ ^mq>dbh$a Zo nhbm {gzo_m H $_am b XZ go Am`mV {H$`m Am a nhbr Xoer {\$ë_ ~ZmB {Og_ Hw$íVr VWm ~ Xa H$mo à{e{jv H$aVo hþe EH$ ì`{šv H$m N>m`m H$Z {H$`m J`m Ÿ& nhbm kmzxrn /53

54 {gzo_m AnZo àmooošq> go {XIm`m Ÿ& 1907 _ H$bH$Îmm _o Oo.E\$. _XmZ Zo nhbm N>{dJ h Eb{\$ñQ>Z {nšmg n bog nšh$m {gzo_m ~Zm`m Ÿ& amom h[aím Ð XmXm gmho~ \$mbho$ Ûmam hþam Ÿ& 1918 _ ^mav _ nhbm {gzo_ Q>rJ«m\$ A{Y{Z`_ ~Zm Ÿ& 1919 _ Ama.Or. Q>maZr Zo doñq>z _ydro Ho$ Zm_ go nhbm {\$ë_ {dvau H$m`m b` Imoim Ed 1920 _ dëgbmhau H$m nhbm {\$ë_ nmoñq>a ~Zm`m J`m Ÿ& 1920 _ hr _w ~B, _Ðmg, H$bH$Îmm, a JyZ d bmhm a _ nhbo {\$ë_ g ga ~mos> J{R>V {H$E JE 1922 _ nhbr ~ma ~ Jbm gah$mazo H$a bj`m Ÿ& _mm 1931 _ nhbr ~mobvr {\$ën Amb_Amam ~Zr Ÿ& 1932 _ "BÝÐg^m' {\$ë_ ~Zr {Og_ 70 JrV Wo Ÿ& 1937 _ AX}{ea BamZr H$s àw_ a JrZ {\$ë_ ~Zr "{H$gmZ H$Ý`m' Ÿ& _B 1933 _ ^mavr` {\$ë_m H$s aov O` Vr _ZmB JB Ÿ& _ gë`orv Ed g_{n V CX` hþam {OÝhm Zo AnZr àjrvmë_h$, _mzdmvmdxr Ed g_{n V e br Ho$ g m W ^ m a V r ` { g Z o _ m H $ s V ñ d r a h r ~ X b X r A a {díd{gzo_m _ ^mavr` {gzo_m H$mo ñwm`r ñwmz {Xbm`mŸ& AZmoIm _OmH$ {~hma H$s amoymzr nq>zm, nq>zm _ KQ>r EH$ KQ>Zm Ÿ& EH$ ~wt>m EH$ ~wt>r H$mo, boh$a hmoq>b _o Am`m Ÿ& Am a hmoq>b Ho$ doq>a go ImZm _ Jdm`m Ÿ& nhbo ~wt>o Zo ImZm Im`m, ~wt>r Zo n Im {hbm`m Ÿ& {\$a ~wé>rzo ImZm Im`m, ~wé>o Zo n Im {hbm`m Ÿ& `o XoIH$a hmoq>b Ho$ doq>a H$m {ga MH$amm dmo Jwñgo go ~mobm BVZm hr ß`ma h, Vmo EH$ gmw ImZm Š`m Zht ImVo, Vwa V ~wé>m ~mobm ~oq>m I`mb Vmo Vwåhmam ZoH$ h Ÿ& boh$sz XmÎmm H$m goq> h_mao nmg EH$ h Ÿ& Eg.nr. JrVo ~r.e.v Vr` df H${dVm gxm aho eau _ à^w H$s JrVm gwzmo hr Zht, g_um ^r H$_ H$amo {~Zm \$b H$s qmvm {H$E AÏ H$m_ Am a J«mh ñï` go AnZo {ZpíMV H$V ì` go _w±h Z _mos>mo Ÿ& H$_ ^y{_ `h bmoh$ \$b ^y{_ Vmo nabmoh$ h O gm H$_ d gm bm^ O gm H$amoJo d gm ^amojo gmao emó H$m gma h `ht Am a g~ àh$ma go AnZo AmnH$m de _o gxm aizm A_ V OrdZ H$m Ûma h `ht Ÿ& JmWm Hw$ê$joÌ H$s _ kmzxrn /54

55 _ ^mav hÿ± ñdm_r MwQ>Hw$bo EH$ bs>ho$ Zo bs>h$s H$mo \y$b {X`m bs>h$s Zo Omoa go V_mMm _mam Ÿ& bs>h$m _am Š`m? _ Vmo ^mon H$m àma H$a ahm hÿ± Ÿ& bs>h$s Am a _ H$m±J«og H$m ŸŸ& am_vrw ^mav-^y{ oam eara h H$Ý`mHw$_mar _oao n a h, {h_mb` _oam _ñvh$, _oao ~mbm go ~hvr h J Jm ~«nwì C_S>Vr h _ao _ñvh$ go qdü`mmb _oar H$_a H$s _oibm h H$moamo_ S> _oam ~m`m Am a _b~ma Xm`m n a h _ ^mav hÿ± - nyam ^mav BgHo$ nwa~-npím oar ^wome h CÝh \ $bmh$a _ _mzdvm H$mo ~mhm _ bo bovm hÿ± O~ _ MbVm hÿ± Vmo _wpo bjvm h ^mav Mb ahm h O~ _ gm go bovm hÿ± _wpo bjvm h ^mav _m go bo ahm h Ÿ& _ ^mav hÿ± Ÿ& g H$bZ JìhmUo Ama.`y. ~r.e.{ûvr` df {hýxr ZÝX {H$emoa Jmo`b EH$ hñ` hmo ^mav OZZr ^mav _m± Ho$ bmb EH$ hmo Ÿ& {hýx Yam na ahzo dmbr qhxyñwmzr OmV EH$ hmo Ÿ&& Vwbgr, _ram, gya, H$~ram VmZgoZ H$s VmZ EH$ hmo Ÿ& R>mHw$a Ho$ ghjmz gwzmvo qhxr _m± H$m _mz EH$ hmo Ÿ&& {hýxw, _wpñb_, {gši B gmb g^r EH$Vm Ho$ {ZemZ hmo _ {Xa, _pñox, Jwê$Ûmam _ _ Ì nmr>, g J _o AOmZ hmo Ÿ&& I {S>V rmav Xoe h_mam AmO {_bm H$a dhr EH$ hmo {h_{jar H$s C±Mr MmoQ>r na {Va Jo H$s emz EH$ hmo ŸŸ&& drum nmur Py_ CR>r gwz qhxr gaj_ eãx JmZ H$mo Ÿ& O` qhxr, O` qhxwñvmr ^mav _m± H$m _mz EH$ hmo Ÿ&& H$mbrXmg H$m H$mì` _owbr qhxr H$m JwUJmZ EH$ hmo Ÿ& OJ-JU-_Z A{YZm`H$ O` H$s g^r ñdam H$s VmZ EH$ hmo Ÿ& OJOZZr ^mfm h {hýxr g ñh $V H$m daxmz {_bm hmo Ÿ& Üd{Z AmYm[aV amzm BgH$s ì`mh$au H$s AmYma{ebm hmo Ÿ&& _ ^mav H$m ^mav _oam _oam ^mav hr _hmz hmo Ÿ& O` qhx O` qhxwñvmzr g^r ñdamo H$s EH$ VmZ hmo Ÿ& (g H$bZ) Jmo{nZmW _w T>o ~r.eñgr. àw_ df kmzxrn /55

56 qhxy... do bmoj h mzvo h, {da {edmor H$mo {M_Mm H$mo Zhr... h_ OmZVo h, ^dmzr H$mo Jwbm_r H$mo Zht... h_ XoIVo h, {OOmD$ H$s Vm H$mo S>a H$mo Zhr... h_ Zm MVo h, {dam Ho$ B{Vhmg H$mo ApíbbVm H$mo Zhr... h hgwg H$aVo h qhxwamo H$s ^mdzmamo H$s Xoe Ðmoqh`mo H$s H«w$aVm H$mo Zhr... h_ OmJVo h gahx na amv-{xz H$mo ^mjzo Ho$ {be Zhr... h_ VmH$Vo h {da N>mdm g ^mor H$mo ~ Xamo O gr hah$vmo H$mo Zhr h_ ahvo h, ~S>o {davm go H«w$aVm-{ZMVm go Zhr... dmzgo A{Zb bú_u df H$hm± J`o do bmoj {OÝh _ Ty>±T> ahm h? Xw{Z`m Vmo _mzd go ^am ns>m h _ Vmo _mzdvm Tw> T> ahm hÿ± Ÿ&&1Ÿ&& ahozo Vmo g^r gmw gmw na {dídmg H$s H$_r Oê$a h {H$gr H$mo YZ Xm bv Vmo {H$gr H$mo gîmm H$m Jê$a h Ÿ&&2Ÿ&& gd Y_ g_^md `h eãx A~ \ $ez ~ZH$a ah J`m h O~ Mmho O gm Mmho hñvo_mb H$am, \$gmzodmbm Vmo _mbm_mb h Ÿ&&3Ÿ&& Jm YrOr H$s Aqhgm Vmo H$~H$s Xoe N>moS> Ho$ Mbr JB YZ Xm bv H$s MH$mMm Y_ B _mzxmar {~Mmar _a JB Ÿ&&4Ÿ&& AmPmXr Ho$»`mVra OmZ XoZodmbo {H$Vm~m go ^r ~oxib hmo J`o gmozo H$s OJh ~ozq>ošg H$m J`m Mmoam H$aZodmbo {\$Q>Zog hmo J`m Ÿ&&5Ÿ&& nmhmao ìhr.~r. ~r.e. àw_ df kmzxrn /56

57 {dydm _m± {nvm {nvm Ho$ AMmZH$ OmZo Ho$ ~mx g~hw$n> ~Xbgm J`m h, Iwer`m± Z OmZo H$hm± Imo JB _m± H$m g gma H$OH$ J`m h Ÿ&& 1Ÿ&& eara na g\o$x gms>r AmoT>o _m± ~oomz gr ns>r ahvr h, nardma _o ~mh$s bmoj hmovo hþe ^r, AHo$bo _ ~ R>r amovr ahvr h Ÿ&&2Ÿ&& AmB Zm XoIZm Wm A~ N>moS>{X`m ho, ~mvm H$mo Jw WZm ^r A~ N>moS>{X`m h Jw_gw_ ahozm hr A~ CgH$s qoxjr h nardma Ho$ gmw ahozm hr A~ ~ÝXJr h Ÿ& nardma H$m Vmo g~hw$n> Mbm J`m _m± H$m ß`ma, BË`ma AMmZH$ Im_moe hmo J`m Ÿ& ^JdmZ go h _oar `hr àmw Zm _m± Ho$ Mohaona go hq>mamo `o XwI Ho$ ~mxb Iw{e`m go ^a Xmo _m± H$m Am Mb Ÿ&&4Ÿ&& o Hw$.Kwbo ìhr.e_. ~r.e. {ÛVr` df _m± H$s _hvr Vmo ha H$moB JmVm na Š`m {nvm Ho$ ApñVËd H$mo ^ybmvm Zht hmovm gmar {Oå_ Xm[a`m± CR>mZm nb-nb AnZr Iw{em H$m Jbm KmoQ>Zm _m± H$s Vm Vmo g~na C_S>Vr {XIVr h? ~oq>o H$s Zm H$ar hmo `m A S>{_eZ, {nvm hr MŠH$a H$mQ>Vm h Ÿ& ~oq>r H$s emxr Ho$ {be bs>h$m Ty>±T>Vm hþam {nvm hr hmw OmoS>Vm h Ÿ& N>moQ>r-N>moQ>r ~mvm Ho$ {be _m± H$s `mx AmVr h Ÿ& bo{h$z H$moB ~S>m g H$Q> hmo Vmo ~mnao! {nvm H$s hr `mx AmVr h Ÿ& Eogm _hmz h CZH$m ì`{švëd na H$hm± {XIVm h CZH$m ApñVËd? AmO Bgr {nvm Ho$ Z_ H$m AZmXa H$aVm h ~oq>m Vmo Š`m ha H$moB CZH$m ^wbvm h & H$moaS>o {evb XeaW ~r.eñgr. {ÛVr` df kmzxrn /57

58 ~hz H$m ß`ma _ Am a _oar ~hz ~MnZ _ BH$Å>o IobVo bo{h$z Ka H$s ha MrO na nhbm A{YH$ma _oam hmovm Cgo JbVr H$aZo na {_bvr S>m±Q> - \$Q>H$ma Am a _wpo {_bvm ß`ma - Xwbma Ÿ& _wpo ~S>m Xr _Om AmVm, O~ _ CgH$s Mmo{Q>`m Irb XoVm CgH$s Jw{S>`m H$m {ga Vm S> XoVm, CgH$s Jw{S>`m H$m {ga Vm S> XoVm, CgH$s ~ZmB hþb a Jmobr H$mo n am go {_Q>m XoVm CgH$s {H$Vm~m H$mo nq>h$ XoVm, CgHo$ a Jmo H$mo {~Ioa XoVm CgHo$ {MÌmo H$mo Iam~ H$a XoVm CgHo$ JmZm H$s S>m`ar {N>nm XoVm, CgH$s Jw H$ CS>m bovm! {bh$z... dh AH$ga `hr H$hVr ""~hþv amo^mojo O~ _ ggwamb Mbr JmD±$Jr, XoIZm... _ H$^r b Q>H$a Zhr AmD±$Jr Am a EH$ {XZ dh gm_wm ggweb Mbr JB Ÿ& AmO Cgo ggwamb JE H$B gmb hmo JE Ÿ... h_mao hmbmv H$s Hw$N> Vogo Xmo JE H$s h_ H$B gmbm go {_b Zhr nmb... Am a h_mam {_bzm, "\$moz' VH$ gr{_v ah J`m... Bg ~ma {\$a _wpo amir na CgH$s ~mvo `mx AmB ""~hþv amoamojo... O~ _ ggweb Mb OmD $Jr.. XoIZm... _ H$^r bm Q>H$a Zhr AmD±$Jr Ÿ&& H$m ~io AO` Zm_Xod ~r.h$m _. àw_ df kmzxrn /58

59 _ Zmar hÿ± àíz H$aVr hÿ±, g~go, H$hm h _oar nhmmz _ Vmo dr hÿ±, AmJ ^r, H$b ^r ~Xbm h Vmo {g\ $ `wj, n[apñwvr Am a {dmma na _oam dpyx dhr Cg dšv ^r AmO ^r- Cg dšv ^r CR>m `m Vy\$mZ {H$`m J`m `m An_mZ go gam~moa A{¾narjm Ho$ ~mx ^r Am a \ $H$m J`m Wm eva O Ho$ _mohao H$s Vah `hm± go dhm± H $îum hmozo na ^^5 Zht ^yz nmvr hÿ± dmo nb O~ ghm Wm, Cgo A`mh nrs>m H$mo {ebm ~Z AmO ^r dmo nb gn X e gm Mw^Vm h nbq> H$a XoIVr hÿ± Am a pñwvr na {dmma H$aVr h ÿ± V~ ^r ñnï> Zht hmo nmvm H$moB {H$aXma - g_p Zht AmVr Cg àë`oh$ M[aÌ H$s H$_ {Zð>Vm {OgZo H$^r bú_r, gañdvr ~ZmH$a nyom Vmo H$^r OJV _mvm ~Zm`m H$^r Vw_g J àrv bjmzo na à^y {dfß`mbm {nbm`m H$a H$b {H$V nb ^a _ I S>I S> {dídmg {H$`m Zmar hmozo H$m _wph$mo `o H $gm A OmZ {X`m - AmO - Amg_m± Ny> bozo H$s Xm S _ ha H$X_ AXå` D$Om d {dídmg ^am N>moS>o Am V[aj na A{_Q> N>mn AnZr e{šv H$m ZdrZ B{Vhmg amm {\$a ^r ngam h ImbrnnZ pñ_v{h«$s>m AYam na AÝV Q>rgVo gme g~ ~hþv A{ZpíMV gm g ~ Ymo H$s gmw H$Vm AW hrz {IbdmS> ^mdzmam H$m n{dìvm n{vv ~Z ahr bú_u aoime± OrdÝV _oar Apñ_Vm H$mo bbh$mavo nzn aho h AZm{JZV amdu, Xw emgz ídov n[aymzm _ nwam OmVr h Am±Io Mw^Zo bjvo h, O~ Aly BZ, Z`Z gr{n`m _ _ Zmar hÿ±... AZoH$m àíz CX²dmo{bV H$aVo h _Z H$mo `hr ^Q>H$Z jru H$aVr h AmË_~b doxzm Ho$ ~mhþnme _o ~ Yr {aívm H$s n[a{y _, _oam _wë` Hw$N> Zhr AnZm H$s bå~r H$Vma na EH$ ^r Zhr Omo ghgmg H$amE _oao hmozo H$m _oar ^mdzmam H$mo am X bj h ñdmw Vw{ï>`m _ Am a grs>r _mì ~Z _ {ZZmÝV VÝhm Vbme ahr hÿ±, Bg {ZíN>b ß`ma H$mo Cg {Z ñdw ^md H$mo Omo Xo gho$ _wuo _oar ghr nhmmz _oao Zmar hmozo H$m gå_mz! _m± Xw{Z`m H$s g~go Iy~gyaV H ${V h Cna {OgH$m A V Zhr, Cgo Amg_m± H$hVo h Ohm± _o {OgH$m A V Zht, Cgo _m± H$hVo h _m ß`ma H$m gmja h, qoxjr H$s JmJa h ~MnZ H$m {H$bm h, C_«^a H$m {gb{gbm h qoxjr ^a H$s R>mog O_rZ h, nzmh H$m Amg_mZ h Vm H$s N>m±d h, OrdZ ^a H$s amh h ~ƒm {H$ h_amo hmovr h, ~ƒmo H$m gavmo hmovr h Ÿ& `h qhxr qhxwñvmz H$s, Z Voar Z _oar, `h Xoe Ho$ ha B gmz H$s,g ñh $V BgH$s OZZr h, EH$Vm BgH$s H$aZr h, qhxr öx` H$s ^mfm h, qhxr qhx H$s Amem h, kmzxrn /59

60 {IMS>r h AmË_kmZ H$s, `h qhxr qhxwñvmz H$s Ÿ& dšv H$hVm h H$s {\$a Zhr AmD±$Jm Voao AmImo H$mo A~ Zhr ê$bmd±$jm {OZm h Vmo Bgnb H$mo {Obmo Š`m {H$ em`x `o H$b EH$ Z ê$h$m nmd±$jm Ÿ& _ Orb CÝhr H$mo {_bvr h {OZHo$ gnzmo _ OmZ hmovr h n Imo _ Hw$N> Zhr hmovm hm gbmo _o CS>mZ hmovr h Ÿ& ai hmogbm dmo _ Oa ^r AmEJm ß`mgo Ho$ nmg Mb Ho$ g_ Xa ^r AmEJm `H$ H$a Zm ~ R> go _ Orb Ho$ _wgm\$sa _ Orb ^r {_bojr Am a {_bzo H$m _Om ^r AmEJm Ÿ& dmo ^r Š`m {XZ Wo, _å_r H$s JmoX Am a nmnm Ho$ H $Yo Zm n go H$s gmom, Zm bmb \$ Ho$ \ $S>o Zm H$b {H$ qmvm Zm â`yma Ho$ gnzo A~ H$b H$s h {\$H$a AYyao h gnzo _ys> H$a XoIm Vmo ~hþv Xya h AnZo _ Jrbmo H$mo Ty>±S>Vo - Ty>±T>Vo H$hm Imo JE h_ AmIra BVZo ~S>o Š`m hmo JE h_ Ÿ& g H$bZ Zohm àvmnamd H$moQ>H$a ~r.e. àw_ df kmzxrn /60

61 ~o{q>`m± Am g H$s ~w Xmo-gr hmovr h ~o{q>`m± nmn {H$ Xwbmar Am a OmZ go ß`mar hmovr h ~o{q>`m± Ÿ& _m± ~mn Ho$ XX _o h_xx hmovr h ~o{q>`m± amoiz H$aoJm ~oq>r Vmo ~g EH$ {h \w$b H$mo Xmo-Xmo \w$bmo H$s bmo hmovr h ~o{q>`m± {ham AJa h ~oq>m Vmo, gƒm _movr h ~o{q>`m Ÿ& H$m±Q>mo {H$ amh _o \w$b ~m±q>vr h ~o{q>`m± Ÿ& H$hZo H$mo nam`r A_mZV hmovr h ~o{q>`m± Ÿ& na ~oq>m go ^r AnZr hmovr h ~o{q>`m± Ÿ& g ^bho$ gmas>m nwz_ g VmofHw$_ma ~r.h$m _. {ÛVr` df MbZm qoxjr Ho$ Bg g\$a _, Hw$N> ~ZHo$ {XImZo h_ {ZH$bo Wo Ÿ& \$ao H$aZo h_ Mbo Omo {Xb _o Hw$N> Aa_mZ Wo Ÿ& EH$ Va\$ Wr Pmon{S>`m±, EH$ Va\$ e_em_ Wo Ÿ& n am Îmbo EH$ h{è> Am`r CgHo$ ^r `h ~Zm` Wo Ÿ& MbZo dmbo g ^bho$ MbZm, h_ ^r H$^r BÝgmZ Wo Ÿ& gmas>m nwz_ g VmofHw$_ma ~r.h$m _. {ÛVr` df kmzxrn /61

62 H$m boo Ho$ {XZ H$m boo Ho$ {XZ Xw~mam H$^r Zhr AmVo Ÿ& qoxjr _o dmo H$^r ^wbo Z{h OmVo Ÿ& Im~m H$m H$madm `qh go ewê$ hmovm h Ÿ& qoxjr _ ha H$moB Hw$N> `{h ~ZVm h amv Ho$ ~mx gw~ H$m, na B Z {XZm {H$ {H$_V A^r Z{h g_p AmVr Ÿ& H$madm bjm ahvm h Ÿ& Imo`o hÿe nb H$^r dmng Z{h AmVo Ÿ& na `hm± {H$ `mxo {Xb _ ~gr ahvr h Ÿ& H$m boo Ho$ {XZ Xw~mam H$^r Z{h AmVo Ÿ& qoxjr _o dmo H$^r ^wbo Z{h OmVo Ÿ& H$~ra Ho$ Xmoho XwI _o gw{_az g~ H$a, gwi _ H$ao Z H$mo` Ÿ& Omo gyi _ gw{_az H$a, XwI H$mho H$mo hmo` Ÿ&& {VZH$m H$~hþ± Zm {Z{X`o, Omo nm±d Vio hmo` Ÿ& H$~hþ± CS> Am±Im ns>o, nra YZoar hmo` Ÿ&& _mim \o$av OwJ ^`m, {\$am Zm _Z H$m \o$a Ÿ& H$a H$m _Z H$m S>ma X, _Z H$m _ZH$m \o$a Ÿ&& Jwê$ Jmo{dÝX XmoZm IS>o, H$mHw$ bmjw nm ` Ÿ& ~{bhmar Jwê$ AmnZmo, Jmo{dÝX {X`mo ~Vm` Ÿ&& ~{bhmar Jwê$ AmnZmo, KS>r-KS>r gm gm ~ma Ÿ& _mzwf go XodV {H$`m H$aV Z bmjr ~ma Ÿ&& H$~ra _mbm _Z{h H$s, Am a g gmar ^ri Ÿ& _mbm \o$ao h[a {_bo, Jbo ahq> Ho$ XoI Ÿ&& gwi _ gw{_az Zm {H$`m, Xw I _ {H$`m `mx Ÿ& H$h H$~ra Vm Xmg H$s, H$m Z gwzo \$[admx Ÿ&& nhmao AmH$me a_oe ~r.eñgr. àw_ df gmas>m nwz_ g VmofHw$_ma ~r.h$m _. {ÛVr` df kmzxrn /62

63 _hmë_m Jm Yr _mohzxmg H$a_M X Jm Yr na_ nwomar Aqhgm Ho$ OÝ_o Xmo AŠQy>~a Ho$ {XZ nmoa~ Xa H$s YaVr no O~ Wo A\«$sH$m _ Jmam Zo BZH$m An_mZ {H$`m H$mbm qhxwñvmzr H$hH$a Q >oz go BÝh CVma {X`m ^ox Wo Jmoao H$mbo H$m Bg YaVr go hq>mzo H$mo AmH$a ^mav _o gmao ^mav H$mo CÝhm Zo OJm {X`m EH$ \$H$sa Zo gë` Ho$ ~b na A J«oOm H$mo {hbm {X`m ŸŸ& BZH$s gxm no bm Jmo Zo A~ dó {dxoer Obm {XE gë`mj«h Ho$ AmJo Vmonm Zo ^r _ñvh$ PwH$m {XE N>moS>mo ^mav-n>mos>mo ^mav AZ² 42 _ ^y±jm BZH$m Zmam - N>m S>mo {hýxwñvmz O` ^mav H$s - O` Jm Yr H$s hm` go hm` Vrg OZdar 48 H$s IyZr em_ Jmobr AmO bjr grzo na {\$a ^r _wi go {ZH$bm am_ d îud OZ Vmo V Z H${hE `o nrs> namb OmZo ao na XwŠIo CnH$ma H$ao Vmo `o A{^_mZ Z AmUo ao nwom _hmoz ~r.h$m _. {ÛVr` df kmzxrn /63

64 AO Vm AO Vm Jw\$mE± _hmamï >, ^mav _ pñwv nmfmu H$mb ñwmnë` Jw\$mE± h Ÿ& `o ñwb {ÛVr` evmãxr B.ny. Ho$ h Ÿ& `hm± ~m Õ Y_ go g ~ {YV {MÌU Ed {eënh$mar Ho$ CËH $ï> Z_yZo {_bvo h Ÿ& BZHo$ gmw hr gord {MÌU ^r {_bvo h Ÿ& `o Jw\$mE± AO Vm Zm_H$ Jm d Ho$ ñd{þh$q> hr pñwv h, Omo {H$ _hmamï > Ho$ Ho$ Am a Jm~mX {Obo _ h Ÿ& AO Vm Jw\$mE± gz 1983 go `wzñh$mo H$s {díd Kamoha ñwb Kmo{fV h Ÿ& "Z ezb Á`m J«m{\$' Ho$ AZwgma AmñW H$m ~Mmd Eogm Wm, {H$ Eogm àvrv hmovm h, O go evmpãx`m V~ AO Vm g_ov, bj^j g^r ~m Õ _ {Xa, qhxy evmpãx`m VH$ AO Vm g_ov, bj^j g^r ~m Õ _ {Xa, qhxy amomam Ho$ emgz Am a Aml` Ho$ A{YZ ~ZdmE J`o hmo Ÿ& Jw\$mE± EH$ KZo O Jb go {Kar, AídZmb AmH$ma KmQ>r _ AO Vm Jm d go 3 {H$._r. Xya ~Zr h Ÿ& `h Jm d _hmamï > Am a Jm~mX eha go 106 {H$._r. Xya ~gm h Ÿ& BgH$m {ZH$Q>V_ H$ñ~m h Ÿ& OZJm±, Omo 60 {H$._r. Xya h, ^wgmdb 70 {H$._r. Xya h Ÿ& Bg KmQ>r H$s VbhQ>r _o nhms>r Ymam dmyya ~hvr h Ÿ& `hm± Hw$b 21 Jw\$mE± h, Omo {H$ ZXrÛmam {Z{_ V EH$ àvmn Ho$ X{jU _ pñwv h Ÿ& BZH$s ZXr go C±MmB 35 {\$Q> VH$ hr h Ÿ& A YlÕm {Z_y cz H$s KmofdmŠ`o * Omo ^yvm na {dídmg H$aVm h CgHo$ JaXZ na ^yv gdma ahvm h Ÿ& * Hw $S>br Am a J hmo H$mo N>moS>mo gm_ï` Am a H ${VËd go ZmVm OmoS>mo Ÿ& * PmS>-\±$H$ H$mo _mamo bmv S>m ŠQ>a, d Ú H$m nh$s>mo gmw Ÿ& * Hw$Îmm ^m -^m H$aHo$ amoe Ÿ& amoe, AnZm XrXm ImoE Ÿ& * ~war ZOa dmbo, Voam _w±h H$mbm Ÿ& nwom _hmoz ~r.h$m _. {ÛVr` df nwom _hmoz ~r.h$m _. {ÛVr` df kmzxrn /64

65 qhxr h h_ Jm` EH$ \$m`xo AZoH$ gmmo Amoa {dmma _o AÝVa ~S>m h, Omo qhxr H$mo amoho$ IS>m h h_ gmomvo qhxr _ h {givo A J«oOr _ h Ÿ& g H$ën qhxr _o H$aVo h {dh$ën A J«oOr _ H$aVo h Ÿ& qhxr H$s ~mv H$aVo h qhxr _ ~mv Z{h H$aVo Ÿ& qhxr H$s Vmo q~xr ^r ~mobvr h Ÿ& h_o qhxr _o gmomzm Mm{hE qhxr _o ~mobzm Mm{hE qhxr _o {bizm Mm{hE qhxr _o ~mv H$aZr Mm{hE V^r Vmo qhxr AmEJr Ÿ& d Zm amd$v ~r.h$m _. {ÛVr` df {OgZo Jm` go ZmVm OmoS>m, amoj Zo Cggo ZmVm VmoS>m Ÿ& {OgHo$ Ka Vwbgr Am a Jm`, CgHo$ Ka H$^r amoj Z Am` Ÿ&& Jm godm g_ph$a, Omo Ka _o aio Jm` Ÿ& Jmo~a, Jm -_wì, Yrgo, dmo g~ H$ao Am` Ÿ&& Iy~ H$aoJm Am`, bú_r Iy~ Am`oJr Ÿ& gwi g_ {Õ _mz, à{vð>m g J bm`ojr Ÿ&& Jm godm g_ph$a, Omo \o$ao Jm no hmw Ÿ& {dzm S>m ŠQ>a Ho$ Xdm Ho$, amoj N>moS> Xo gmw Ÿ&& amoj N>moS> Xo gmw, {OZo H$m _Om Am`oJm Ÿ& _mzd OrdZ g\$b, ^{ŠV-_w{ŠV nm`ojm Ÿ&& _mzd, {OZm h Vmo amoomzm - nr Ÿ& Jm` H$m ewõ-xyy-kr Ÿ&& Imdmo Xhr, g~ H$m_-ghr Ÿ& bñgr Ho$ JwU Añgr Ÿ&& Amo_ gwaoe dèhms>o 12 dr {dkmz kmzxrn /65

66 eoamo em`ar {OÝXJr hgrz h {OÝXJr go ß`ma H$amo Ÿ& h amv Vmo gw~h H$m BÝVOma H$amo Ÿ& dmh nb ^r Am`oJg {OgH$m B VOma h AmnH$mo, ~g a~ na ^amogm Am a dšv na hmov~ma H$amo Ÿ& Voar XmoñVr Zo ~hþv Hw$N> grim {X`m _oar Im_moe Xw{Z`m H$mo O go h±gm {X`m, H$O Xma hÿ± IwX H$m {Og Zo _wpo Amn O go XmoñV go {_bm {X`m Ÿ& hþam _m Jr Wr Am{e`Zo H$s, MbnS>r Am {Y`m O_mZo H$s _oao J_ H$mo H$moB g_p Z nm`m, Š`m {H$ _oar AmXV Wr _wñhw$amzo H$s Iw{e`m± {_bzr Zhr _m±jzo go, _ {Ob {_bvr Zhr amh na ê$h$ OmZo go ^amogm aizm IwÔ na Am a Cg a~ na g~ Hw$N> XoZm h dmo ghr dšv AmZo na _ {Ob BÝgmZ Ho$ hm gho$ AmO_mVr h gnzmo Ho$ nxo Am±Imo go hq>mvr h Ÿ& {H$gr ^r ~mv go {hå_v Zm hmazm R>moH$a hr B gmz H$mo MbZm {gimvr h Ÿ& `o {OÝXJr Cg a~ H$s aom h {OgH$m AnZm hr _Om h ha dšv IwXm go _oar Iw{e`m Xo, {H$ Amn ^r gmommo BgH$s Š`m doh h Ÿ& {OÝXJr N>moQ>r gr {OÝXJr h, ha ~mv _ Iwe ahmo Omo Moham nmg Zm hmo, CgH$s AmdmO _ Iwe ahmo, H$moB ê$r>m hmo Vw_go CgHo$ Cg A XmO _ ^r Iwe ahmo Omo bm Q> Zo Zhr AmZo dmbo CZ båhm H$s `mx _ Iwe ahm H$b {H$gZo XoIm h AnZo AmO _ Iwe ahmo, Iw{e`m H$m BÝVOma {H$g{bE Xygam H$s _wñh$mz _ Iwe ahmo, Š`y± VS>nVo hmo Ba nby {H$gr Ho$ gmw H$mo H$^r Vmo AnZo Amn _ Iwe ahmo N>moQ>r gr Vmo {OÝ XJr h ha hmb _ Iwe ahm Ÿ& Hw$XaV Ho$ {Z`_m go {eh$m`v Z H$aZm ZOam H$mo H$^r, e{_ ÝXm Z H$aVm a~ IwX hr XoJm, g~ Hw$N> AmnH$mo, ~g dšv go nhbo \$[a`mx Z H$aZm Ÿ& g H$bZ g{ve {dç>bamd JìhmUo ~r.e. V Vr` df kmzxrn /66

67 XmoñVr ß`m go ~T>H$a h Ÿ& EH$ bs>ho$ Zo _azo Ho$ VrZ {_ZQ> nhbo Xmo _ goo {H$`o Ÿ& nhbm Jb \o$ýs> H$mo, Xwgam XmoñV H$mo _ goo _o Wm - ""_ Om ahm hÿ±... Vw_go ~mv H$aZm MmhVm hÿ± Ÿ& OëXr go [aßbm` H$am... nhbm Odm~ Am`m Jb \«o$ýs> H$m ""Vw_ H$hm± hmo Am a H$hm± Om ahmo hmo Ÿ& _ A^r ì`ñv hÿ± ~mx _ ~mv H$aVr hÿ± Ÿ& `o gwzh$a Cgo ~hþv Xw I hþam Ÿ& {\$a WmoS>r Xoa ~mx Xwgam _ goo XmoñV H$m Am`m ""Am~o H$_rZo AHo$bo H$hm± Om ahm h, ê$h$, _ A^r AmVm hÿ±...&'ÿ' `o nt>h$a dmo bs>h$m _wñhw$am`m Am a ~mobm ""AmO {\$a ß`ma XmñVr go hma J`m Ÿ& J_u Ho$ Xmoho a{h_z Hy$ba am{i`o... {~Z Hw$ba g~ gyz Ÿ& Hy$ba {~Zm Zm {H$gr H$mo, J_u _ {_bo ghy$z Ÿ& Egr Omo XoIZ _ J`m, Egr Zm {_bm`m hmo` Ÿ& O~ Ka bm Q>m AmnZo J_u _ Eogr-Eogr hmo` Ÿ& {~Obr H$m {nb XoIH$a, {X`m H$~ra amo` Hy$ba Egr Ho$ \o$a _ ImVm ~Mm Zm H$moM Ÿ& ~mq> Zo XoIE Egr H$s Mbm br{oe \o$z MmQ> {XZm H$s ~mv h, {\$a AmJo g~ M Z n Im PobV amv JB, AmB Zm bo{h$z bmb Q> Ÿ& _ÀN>a JmVo aho H$mZ _, VH$ VZm V Ûar ZmB Q> Ÿ&& g H$bZ {ZVoe ~ Sy> _moao ~r.e. V Vr` df OmoH$ OmoH$ nëzr-kwñgo go _ Vwåho g_pm-g_pmh$a V J Am JB hÿ±ÿ& A~ _wpo VbmH$ Mm{hE Ÿ& n{v `h bmo Mm H$boQ> ImAmo nëzr _wpo _ZmZoH$s H$mo{ee Z H$amo Ÿ& n{v H$moB AÀN>m H$m_ H$aZo go nhbo Hw$N> {_R>m ImZm Mm{hE Ÿ& o o ± o {Q>Ma ~ Q > m! ~ V m A m O m Z H $ h m g {ZH$bVr h? Jmobw {IS>H$s go {Q>Ma dh H $go? Jmoby H$b XrXr EH$ bs>ho$ go H$h ahr Wr H$s OmZ! {IS>H$s go {ZH$b OmAmo! kmzxrn /67

68 EH$ gm gm n ~oamoojma hmo J`o, A~ AmX_r H$mQ>Zo bjo... Hw$Îmo Š`m H$a? O~ Vbdo AmX_r MmQ>Zo bjo...! H$hr Mm Xr Ho$ M_Mo h Vmo H$hr M_Mm H$s Mm Xr h...! N>moQ>r N>moQ>r ~mvo {Xb _ aizo go ~S>o ~S>o [aívo H$_Omoa hmo OmVo h Ÿ& H$^r nrr> nrn>o AnZr ~mv Mbr Vmo K~amZm _V ~mv hmo CÝhr H$s hmovr h {OZ_ H$moB ~mv hmovr h Ÿ& qzxm CgrH$s hmovr h Omo qoxm h _azo Ho$ ~mx Vmo {g\ $ VmarI hmovr h Ÿ& O~ H$moB»`mb {Xb go Q>H$amVm h Ÿ& {Xb Z MmhH$a ^r Im_moe ah OmVm h Ÿ& H$moB g~ Hw$N> H$hH$a ß`ma OVmVm h! H$moB Hw$N> Z H$hH$a ^r g~ ~mob OmVm h Ÿ& Vw_ Š`m OmZmo eam~ H $go {nbmb OmVr h Ÿ& ImobZo go nhbo ~movb {hbmb OmVr h Ÿ& {\$a AmdmO bjmb OmVr h Am OmAmo XX} {Xbdmbm `hm± XX -E-{Xb H$s Xdm {nbmb OmVr h Ÿ& BíH$ _whã~v Vmo g~ H$aVo h J_-E-OwXmB go g~ S>Vo h, h_ Vmo Z BíH$ H$aVo h Z _whã~v! h_ Vmo ~g AmnH$s EH$ _wñhw$amhq> nmzo Ho$ {be VagVo h! ~S>r _wpíh$b _ hþ±! H $Oo BOhma H$ê$! Vw_ Vmo Iwe~w hmo Vw_H$mo H $go H $X H$ê$! H$b \w$g V Z {_br Vmo Š`m hmojm, BVZr _mohbv Z {_br Vmo Š`m hmojm Ÿ& amoo H$hVo hmo H$b {_b Jo, H$b {_b Jo Ÿ& H$b _oar Am±Io Z Iwbr Vmo Š`m hmojm! {H$ñ_V go AnZr g~h$mo {eh$m`v Š`m h? Omo Zhr {_b gh$vm C{ggo _mohã~v Š`m h Ÿ& {H$VZo Im`o h YmoIo BZ amhm _ Ÿ& {\$a ^r {Xb H$mo Cgr H$m BÝVOma Š`m h Ÿ& g H$bZ ñdmvr H $bmg ^wao ~r.h$m _. àw_ df em`ar H$^r I`mZ ~JmdV H$m H$^r»`mb B~mXV H$m»`mb A~ Qw>Q>Z bjo `o VH$mOm h dšv H$s eamv H$m AmO gx hdm Zo {\$a Hw$N> Eogm H$aS>mbm Ja_ Wm Ahgmg bo{h$z {Xb Obm S>mbm `y± Vmo Zm_ CgH$m Ow~m na Zhr h bo{h$z _m g_ Zo `mx _ Om_ {nbm S>mbm Ÿ& Am±gy amoh$ {be h_z CgH$s {dxmb na, bo{h$z amovm ahm {Xb CgH$s ~od\$mb na h_zo H$a{X`m {dxm Iwer go CZH$mo bo{h$z amo ahm h Amg_m ^r _oao g J CgH$s OwXmB na Ÿ& XmJ bjmh$a Omo IwX ~oxmj hmo J`o BëOm_ bjm A~ do WmZoXma hmo J`o dšv H$s gahx na IS>o h, XmoñV Wo Omo A~ do Xwí_Z hmo J`o Ÿ& Vw_Zo {R>H$ H$hm Wm Cg {XZ.. ß`ma Mm±X-gm hr hmovm h Am a Zhr ~T>Zo nmvm Vmo... {Yao-{Yao IwX hr KQ>Zo bjomvm h Ÿ& IweZ{g~ h Amo Omo {Xb _ {H$gr H$mo OJh XoUo h ~om Zr ghh$a ^r Xygam H$mo hmgzm {Im XoVo h Ÿ& Xw{Zdmbo bmi Mmho ~XZm_ CÝho H$a bo Ÿ& _Ja Amo AnZr gmxjr go ha {Xb _ OJh ~Zm bovo h Ÿ& ~hh$vo hþe {\$avo h H$hr bâo Omo {Xb _ Xw{Z`m _ {X`m dšv {bi Jo {H$gr amoo XmoñVr CZgo H$amo Omo {Z^mZm OmZVo hmo Z\«$V CZgo H$amo Omo ^ybzm OmZVo hmo Kwñgm CZgo H$amo Omo _ZmZm OmZVo hmo ß`ma CZgo H$amo Omo {Xb bwq>mzm OmZVo hmo Ÿ& kmzxrn /68

69 em`ar {eh$m`v h CÝho {H$ h_o _mohã~v H$aZm Zhr AmVm, {eh$dm Vmo Bg {Xb H$mo ^r h, na Cgo {eh$m`v H$aZm Zhr AmVm Ÿ& {OÝXJr XoZodmbo _azm N>moS> J`o AnZmnZ OVmZo dmbo VZhm N>moS> J`o Ÿ& O~ ns>r Oê$aV h_o AnZo h_g\$a H$s Amo Omo gmw MbZodmbo amñvm _mos> J`o Ÿ& `o _mohã~v VwPo nmzo H$s H$moB amh Zhr Vw {g\ $ CÝho hr {_bvr h {Ogo Voar nadmh Zhr `o EH$ H$T>dmgM h _mohã~v H$aZodmbmo Ho$ {b`o namo` V~ Zhr hmovr O~ Amn {JaOmVo h namo` V~ hmovr h O~ Amn CR>Zo go B ÝH$ma H$a XoVo h Ÿ& g H$bZ g{mz _m{uh$amd amr>mos> ~r.e. àw_ df nmzr Voao {H$VZo Zm_ nmzr AmH$me go {Jao Vmo... ~m[ae Ÿ& AmH$me H$s Am a CR>o Vmo... ^mn Ÿ& AJa O_ H$a {Jao Vmo... Amobo Ÿ& AmJa {Ja H$a O_o Vmo... ~\ $ Ÿ& eara go {ZH$bo Vmo... ngrzmÿ& Am±I go {ZH$bo Vmo... Am±gy & gr_mam _o aho Vmo... OrdZ & gr_me VmoS> Xo Vmo... àb` & \y$b na hmo Vmo... Amog & ~hzo bjo Vmo... ZXr & Am a O_ Om`o Vmo... Prb & Hw$.gmoZQ> o$ ñzohm ~r.h$m _.(V Vr` df ) ñdxoer AnZmAm noßgr ~mobr gwz H$moH$m H$mobm Ÿ& ^mav H$m BÝgmZ h ~hþv ^mocm-^mbm Ÿ& {dxoe go _ Am`r hÿ±, gmw _ _m V H$mo bm`r hÿ± Ÿ& bha Zhr Oha hÿ± _ _wxm} na {JaVm hÿ± _ _oar nr.em. Xmo nm BÝQ> gmv, _wp _ {JaH$a Jb Om` Xm±V Ÿ& qoh$ Amg}ZrH$ bos> hÿ± _ H$mQ>o AmVm H$mo, dmo ãbos> hÿ± _ Ÿ& hm± XyY _wpgo gñvm h, {\$a nrh$a _wpo Š`m _azm h Ÿ& 540 H$amoS> H$_mVr hÿ± {dxoe _ nyao boomvr hÿ± Ÿ& _ nhþ Mr hÿ± AmO dhm± na nrzo H$mo Zhr nmzr Ohm± nam N>moQ>mo ZH$b A~ AH$b go Or`mo, Am a Omo Hw$N> nrzm g ^b Ho$ Zhr nr`mo Ÿ& g H$bZ g{mz _m{uh$amd amr>mos> ~r.e. àw_ df kmzxrn /69

70 AmO _wpo ^r {hýxr ~mobzo H$m em H$ Am`m Ka go {ZH$bm Am a EH$ Am Q>mo dmbo go nyn>m, lr MH«$s` MmbH$ nyao ZJa Ho$ n[a^«_u _ {H$VZr _wðm` ì`` hmojr? Am Q>mo dmbozo H$hm, A~o qhxr _o ~mobao... _ Zo H$hm, lr_mz _ qhxr _ hr dmvm bmn H$a ahm hÿ± Ÿ& Am Q>mo dmbo Zo H$hm, ""_moxror nmbj H$aHo$ hr _mz Jo Ÿ& Mbmo ~ R>mo H$hm± MbmoJo?'' _ Zo H$hm, n[agxz Mbmo, Am mq>modmbm {\$a MH$am`m, "A~ `o n[agxz Š`m h? ~JbdmZo lr_mz Zo H$hm, "Aao g{h $Q> hm_g OmEJm' Am Q>modmbo ga IwOm`m ~mobm, ~ {R>`o à^w amñvo _ _ Zo nwn>m "Bg ZJa _ {H$VZo N>{dJ h h? Am Q>modmbo Zo H$hm N>{d J h _Vb~? _ Zo H$hm Mb{MÌ _ {Xa CgZo H$hm "`hm± ~hþv _ {Xa h... am {Xa, hzw_mz _ {Xa, {ed_ {Xa, OJÞmW _ {Xa, _ Zo H$hm, "^mb _ Vmo Mb{MÌ_ {Xa' H$s ~mv H$a ahm h ÿ {Og_ Zm`H$ VWm Zm{`H$m n«o_mbmn H$aVo h... Am Q>modmbm {\$a MH$am`m... `o Mb{MÌ _ {Xa Š`m hmovm h `hr gmomvo gmomvo CgZo gm_zodmbr JmS>r H$mo Q>ŠH$a _ma Xr Ÿ& Am Q>mo H$m AJbm MŠH$m VoT>m hmo J`m, _ Zo H$hm, lr MH«$s` MmbH$ Vwåhmam AJ«MH«$ Vmo dh«$ hmo J`m... Am Q>modmbo Zo _wpo Kya H$a XoIm Amoa H$hm, CVa OëXr CVa A~ _oao g_` _ Am`m H$s `hm± {hýxr Zhr qh½bre MbVr h Ÿ& g H$bZ amow ~m~amd nmvio ~r.e. V Vr` df kmzxrn /70

71 ^yh $n qoxjr Omo Mohao H$^r {XIVo Zhr Wo _moh m _ ^yh $n Zo g~h$m XrXma H$am {X`m Ÿ& {H$gr H$s _O~y[a`m noz h±{g`o, Z Z_mO {XIr Z AOmZ {XIr H$moB _O~y[a`m± IarX H$a Zh r bmvm d ^OZ {XIm Z H$sV Z {XIm X[a`o dšv H$s _ma go, d{hýxy {XIm Z _wgb_mz {XIm... Ÿ& ~wam dšv {H$gr H$mo ~VmH$a Zhr AmVm! Ka go ^mjvm hþam ~g B gmz {XIm... Ÿ& AH$b {H$VZr ^r VoO hmo, Zonmb {hbm ^mav {hbm Am a {hb J`m nm{h$ñvmz Zgr~ Ho$ {~Zm Zhr OrV gh$vr! Z _{ghm Am` Z A mh AmE Am a {~a~b AH$b_ X hmozo Ho$ ~m~oyx H$hm± J`m ^JdmZ H$^r ~mxemh Zhr ~Z gh$m! h H$moZ {hýxw, H$m Z B gmb Am a H$m Z h _wgb_mz Zm Vw_ AnZo Amn H$mo Jbo bjm gh$vo hmo, Zm àh ${V Ho$ AmJo h ~ode ha BÝgmZ Ÿ& hr Vw_ AnZo H $Yo na ga aih$a amo gh$vo hmo h g_mz g~ CgH$s ZOa _ EH$ Xwgao Ho$ {be OrZo H$m Zm_ hr qoxjr h! dhm± Zhr MbVm ~mb~b dox Am a Hw$amZ Bg{b`o dšv CÝho Xmo Omo Vwåho MmhVo hm {Xbgo _V CbP Bg nmi S> _ [aívo n gmo Ho$ _mohvmo Zhr hmovo Š`m {H$ Hw$N> A~ Vmo OmJ OmE _yi BÝgmZ Ÿ&& [aívo _wzm\$m Zhr XoVo na OrdZ A_r Oê$a ~Zm XoVo h!! g H$bZ qgyy na_oída I Xmao ~r.e. {ÛVr` df g H$bZ qgyy na_oída I Xmao ~r.e. {ÛVr` df ñd` H$s narjm O~go narjm dmbr qoxjr nyar hÿb h.. V~ go qoxjr H$s narjm gwê$ hmo JB h... "AmO _wuo EH$ Z`m AZw^d hþam AnZo _mo~mb b go AnZm hr Z ~a bjm H$a XoIm AmdmO Am`r The number you have call is busy {\$a Ü`mZ Am`m {H$gr Zo Š`m Iwn H$hm h... ""Am amogo {_bzo _ Xw{Z`m _ñv h na ah$x go {_bzo H$s gmar bmb Zo ì`ñv h Ÿ& H$moB Zhr XoJm gmw Voam, `hm± ha H$moB `hm± IwX hr _ _ejwb h qoýxjr H$m ~g EH$ hr Cgwb h `hmÿ, VwPo {JaZm ^r IwX h Am a g ^bzm ^r IwX h Ÿ& g H$bZ _{Zfm _mamovr Kw Jmgo ~r.e. {ÛVr` df kmzxrn /71

72 JOmZZ gdio ~r.e.v Vr` df ~moyh$wm AmZ X Xmo! EH$ gy\$s \$H$sa H$s»`m{V gwzh$a EH$ ì`{šv kmzà{á Ho$ {be CgHo$ nmg nhþ Mm Ÿ& dhm CgZo XoIm {H$ hmw _ Q>moH$ar CR>m`o g V Xygao hmw _ n{j`m H$mo XmZm MwJmZo _o ì`ñw Wo, dh _Oo go MwJm aho Wo Ÿ& njr _Oo go MwJ aho WoŸ& dh ì`{šv XoIVm ahm Ÿ& ~wv Xoa VaH$ g V Zo CgH$s Va\$ XoIm hr Zhr Ÿ& noaemz hmoh$a dh ì`{šv g V Ho$ {ZH$Q> nhÿ Mm Ÿ& g V Zo {~Zm CgH$s Amoa XoIo, Q>moH$ar Cgo e_m Xr Am a H$hm "A~ Vw_ n{j`m Ho$ gmw AmZ X bmo' AÜ`mpË_H$ nßnm _år S>m±A aht Wr Vmo H$mB MynHo$ go h±gm ahm Wm dmo Wo nmnm O~ _ gmo ahm Wm V~ H$moB MwnHo$ go {ga na hmw {\$am ahm Wm dmo Wm nmnm O~ _ ghþ~ CR>m Vmo H$moB ~hþv WH$H$a ^r H$m_ H$a ahm Wm dmo Wo nmnm IwX H$S>r Yyn _ ahh$a H$moB _wuo E.gr. _ gwbm ahm Wm, dmo Wo nmnm gnzo Vmo _oao Wo na CÝh nyam H$aZo Š`m amñvm H$moB Am a ~VmE Om ahm Wm dmo Wo nmnm _ Vmo {g\ $ AnZr Iw{e`mo _o h±gvm, hþ±, na _oar h±gr XoI H$a H$moB AnZo J_ ^wbmho Om ahm Wm Amo Wo nmnm \$b ImZo H$s Á`mXm Oê$aV Vmo CÝho Wr, na H$moB _wpo go~ {Ibm Om ahm Wm dmo Wo nmnm ah$evmo _wpo hmozm Mm{hE {H$ Vmo _wpo {_bo na _oao OÝ_ bozo H$s Iwer H$moB Am a _ZmE Om ahm Wm Ÿ dmo Wo nmnm Ka _ g~ AnZm ß`ma {XImVo h na H$moB {~Zm {XImEo ^r BVZm ß`ma {H$E Om ahm Wm dmo Wo nmnm nos> Vmo AnZm \$b Im Zhr gh$vo Bg{bE h_ X o h... H$moB AnZm noq> Imbr aih$a ^r _oam noq> ^ao Omahm Wm do Wo nmnm _ Vmo Zm H$ar Ho$ {be Ka go ~mha OmZo na XwIr... na _wpgo ^r A{YH$ Am gy H$moB Am a ~hme Zm ahm Wm dmo Wo nmnm _ AnZo "~oq>m' eãx H$mo gmw H$ ~Zm gh$m Wm Zhr na H$moB {~Zm ñdmw Ho$ AnZo {nvm eãx gmw H$ ~ZmE Om ahm Wm dmo Wo nmnm gmyzm H$m ahñ` OmZZo Ho$ {be g V Ho$ nmg Am` ì`{šv h amz Wm Ÿ& g V CgH$s naoemzr g_p J`o ~mobo, "ñd` H$s naoem{z`m H$mo ^ybh$a Ord _mì H$mo AmZ X nhþ MmZo H$m à`ëz hr OrdZ Ho$ AmZ X H$m ahñ` h, Am a ha {g{õ H$m ^r `{X Vw_ ñd` AmZ X nmzm MmhVo hmo Vmo Xygam H$mo AmZ X XoZm grim Ÿ& `h gmw bmojo Vmo g_p bmo gmyzm nyar hmo J`r Ÿ& AmÜ`mpË_H$ OrdZ H$m AW hr Xygam H$m gwi ~m AZm h Ÿ& V^r na_më_m H$m d ^d ~agîmm h Ÿ&'' g H$bZ g_mymz CÎm_amd H$m ~io ~r.e. V Vr` df kmzxrn /72

73 Rising Sun Elimination of Superstition The English Section Editor: Sindhu Parmeshwar Khandare (B.A. II) Co-Editor: Draupadi Dnyanba Kamble (B.A. I) Student Representative: Shubham Khillare (B.A. II) kmzxrn /73

74 Miss Vibhute Ashwini B. A. III kmzxrn /74

75 Collected by Pooja N. Toshniwal B. Com. III Year Martyr Dr. Narendra Dabholkar Narendra Achyut Dabholkar (1 November August 2013) was an Indian rationalist and author from Maharashtra. He was the founder-president of Maharashtra Andhashraddha Nirmoolan Samiti (MANS), an organization set up to eradicate superstition in Triggered by his murder on 20 August 2013, the pending Anti-Superstition and Black Magic Ordinance was promulgated in the state of Maharashtra, four days later. He was awarded the Padma Shri for social work posthumously in Dabholkar was born on 1 November 1945 to Achyut and Tarabai, being the youngest of ten siblings, the eldest was the late educationalist, Gandhian and socialist Devdatta Dabholkar. He did his schooling at New English School Satara and Willingdon College, Sangli. He was a qualified medical doctor, having obtained an MBBS degree from the Government Medical College, Miraj. He was the captain of the Shivaji University Kabaddi team. He had represented India against Bangladesh in a Kabaddi tournament. He won the Maharashtra government s Shiv Chhatrapati Yuva Award for Kabaddi. He was married to Shaila and has two children, Hamid and Mukta Dabholkar. His son was named after the social reformer Hamid Dalwai. He didn t believe in Vastu Shastra and built his house without any regards to the principles of Vastu Shastra. He also criticized extravagant marriage ceremonies and arranged for his own children to be married in simple ceremonies. The almanac was not consulted to select an auspicious time as it is traditionally done. Dabholkar was also an atheist. After working as a doctor for 12 years, Dabholkar became a social worker in the 1980s. He became involved with movements for social justice, such as Baba Adhav s One village One well agitation. Gradually, Dabholkar started focusing on eradication of superstition, and joined the Akhil kmzxrn /75

76 Bharatiya Andhashraddha Nirmoolan Samiti (ABANS). In 1989, he founded the Maharashtra Andhashraddha Nirmoolan Samiti (MANS, Committee for Eradication of Superstition in Maharashtra or Maharashtra Committee for Eradication of Blind Faith ), and campaigned against superstitions, confronting dubious tantriks and claimed holy men who promised miracle cures for ailments. He criticised the country s godmen, self-styled Hindu ascetics who claim to perform miracles and have many followers. He was the founding member of Parivartan, a social action centre located in Satara district that seeks to empower marginalised members of the community to lead lives of security, dignity, and prosperity. He was closely associated with the Indian rationalist Sanal Edamaruku. Dabholkar was the editor of a renowned Marathi weekly Sadhana, which was founded by Sane Guruji. He also served earlier as a vice-president of the Federation of Indian Rationalist Associations. Between , Dabholkar was active in a movements for the equality of Dalits (untouchables) and against India s caste system and caste-related violence. He advocated renaming the Marathwada University after Babasaheb Ambedkar, who is often called the author of India s constitution and fought for the equality of Dalits. Dabholkar wrote books on superstitions and their eradication, and had addressed over 3,000 public meetings. He had taken on Asaram Bapu in March 2013 over an incident during Holi in Nagpur, when Bapu and his followers used drinking water from tankers brought from the Nagpur Municipal Corporation to celebrate the festival. They were accused of wasting it while rest of Maharashtra faced drought. In 2010, Dabholkar made several failed attempts to get an anti-superstition law enacted in the state of Maharashtra. Under his supervision, MANS drafted the Anti- Jaadu Tona Bill (Anti-Superstition and Black Magic Ordinance). It was opposed by some political parties and the Warkari sect. Political parties like the Bharatiya Janata Party and the Shiv Sena opposed it claiming it would adversely affect Hindu culture, customs and traditions. Critics accused him of being anti-religion but in an interview with the Agence France-Presse news agency he said, In the whole of the bill, there s not a single word about God or religion. Nothing like that. The Indian constitution allows freedom of worship and nobody can take that away, this is about fraudulent and exploitative practices. A couple of weeks before his death on 6 August 2013, Dabholkar had complained in a press conference that the bill had not been discussed despite being tabled in seven sessions of the state assembly. He had criticised the Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Prithviraj Chavan, stating that the minister had disappointed the progressive people in the state. A day after Dabholkar s murder, the Maharashtra Cabinet cleared the Anti- Superstition and Black Magic Ordinance, however the parliament would still need to support the bill for it to become law. Dabholkar had faced several threats and assaults since 1983 but had rejected police kmzxrn /76

77 protection. If I have to take police protection in my own country from my own people, then there is something wrong with me, I m fighting within the framework of the Indian constitution and it is not against anyone, but for everyone. Dabholkar on rejecting police protection Murdered on 20 August 2013, while out on a morning walk, Dabholkar was shot down by two unidentified gunmen near Omkareshwar temple, Pune at 7:20 AM IST. The assailants fired four rounds at him from a point blank range and fled on a motorcycle parked nearby. Two bullets hit Dabholkar in his head and chest and he died on the spot. Dabholkar had originally donated his body to a medical college. But, the autopsy made necessary by his murder left the slain leader s body unfit for academic purposes. He was cremated in Satara without any religious rites. His pyre was lit by his daughter, Mukta, in contradiction to the tradition where the son lights the pyre. His ashes were collected without any religious ceremony and scattered over his organic farm. Dabholkar s assassination was condemned by many political leaders and social activists. The Maharashtra chief minister Prithviraj Chavan announced a reward of?1 million to any person with information of the assailants. Furthermore, political parties called for a bandh (strike) in Pune on 21 August, and various institutions across Pune remained closed to protest Dabholkar s assassination. On 20 August 2013, the police stated that it is under suspicion that it was a planned murder because the assailants were aware Dabholkar stays in Pune only on Mondays and Tuesdays. Chavan stated on 26 August 2013 that the police have some clues about his murder. On 2 September, the police stated that 7 surveillance cameras have captured footage of the two assassins, and the footage had been sent to a London-based forensic lab for analysis. A Public Interest Litigation (PIL) was filed by activist Ketan Tirodkar, urging the case to be investigated by the National Investigation Agency (NIA) instead of the state police, over lack of faith over the latter. The Bombay High Court sought responses from the NIA on 24 September. On 15 October, NIA said the case was well within the Indian Penal Code. NIA also added that it was only the assumptions of the petitioner that right-wing activists were involved and it was a scheduled plan. On 17 January 2014, during his visit to Pune, Home Minister R. R. Patil gave Pune police a week to make some progress or hand over the case to the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI). On 20 January, Pune police arrested two suspects based on ballistic reports. The suspects had been previously accused of firearms dealing. Later on 4 March 2014, the Bombay High Court heard a modified PIL from Tirodkar, which sought to involve the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) in the investigation. The court directed the Pune police to submit copies of case diaries. On 9 May 2014, the Bombay High Court transferred the case to the CBI. Source: Wikipedia kmzxrn /77

78 Kiran Jadhav B. A. III Year Anti-Superstition & Black Magic Act 2013 In brief, This act is to be called Jadu Tona Wirodhi Kayada (Anti-Superstition and Black Magic Act). For the first time, the act has been passed on 16 December 2005 in the winter session of Nagpur Assembly. The ordinance of this act has been drawn on 13 December It is approved in the Legislative Assembly on 13 December 2013 and in Legislative Council on 20 December 2013 and has become a permanent law. The act has been passed with the agreement of almost all political parties. Some of vivid provisions in this act: Making financial profits by displaying so-called miracles; cheating and terrorise people with the aid of such miracles. The idea is to prevent the making of profits through the threat/ promise of superstition. Doing something or ask others to do something that might cause injuries or risk to life, with the objective of attaining superhuman powers. Doing something that is inhuman, gruesome and ask or encourage or suggest for human life as offering, at the pretext of searching for hidden treasure or water source. Creating a feeling of fear by giving an impression of having supernatural power or pretending that someone else has such powers or threaten that evil will befall if he/she doesn t obey the person having such powers. Creating suspicion about a person claiming that he/she performs black magic through which he/she carries evil practices and makes life difficult for that person or declare that a person is a Satan or form of Satan Beating up a person or have a procession of a naked woman saying she is a witch or restrict her routine. Threatening to invite a ghost and creating fear in the mind and misguiding people by claiming to cure a disease with kmzxrn /78

79 the help of mantras by preventing medical aid. Preventing medical aid and instead claiming to cure a person bitten by snake, dog or scorpion by chanting mantras or by tying threads or similar things. Claiming to change the sex of the foetus in the womb by inserting fingers into the vagina of a pregnant woman. Giving an impression that one has supernatural powers or that the devotee was his/ her wife/ husband or paramour in past birth thereby indulging in sexual activity with such person. Having sex with a woman yearning for a child claiming to make her pregnant with supernatural powers. Claiming that a differently-abled person has supernatural power and using him or her for business purpose. Punishment: 6 months of Jail + Rs penalty to 7 years of jail + Rs penalty In this regard, The Anti-Superstition Bill punishes the use of superstition to the determent of any individual. It does not stand against any religion or practices that are attributes of any religion. All political parties have been rather blunt in their objections to the Bill, having provided baseless arguments against the same, invariably based on religious lines. The state is justified in interfering with the private practices of citizens if the same are not by the consent of both parties and if it causes harm to even one party. Legally, even Fundamental Rights are subject to reasonable restrictions and the current situation warrants the same. M. P. Gore, B. A. I kmzxrn /79

80 Miss Draupadi Kamble B. A. I Fighting Against Superstition Superstition started when man started his actual life. Superstition means accept all the things blindly which set by some people. It continued with its traditions, people accept all the superstitious things because there is lack of knowledge. When it started, some people oppose that activities because they have scientific view, some people wanted to bring about change in the society. Some people like Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj, Mahatma Phule, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, Dr. Narendra Dabholkar, Baba Adhav, Shyam Manav and many other wanted to remove all the superstitious things in the society. People believes in some swami, baba for their best life who believed in superstition became lazy for their work towards family and country. World created by God, then why so many castes, said by Mahatma Jyotiba Phule. Phule created a question which was in everyone s mind at present. But in Phule s time no one came forward and stood against this system and Bramhin society. Dr. Dabholkar opposed all the superstitious things throughout his life. He died but his thoughts remained forever to encourage us. Dr. Dabholkar want to save society from blind traditions. When Dr. Dabholkar went to Shani Shinganapur city in Maharashtra where only men are allowed in the temple of God Shani. Women are not allowed in that temple to worship God Shani, when Dabholkar went to the temple and asked the Brahmin priests why women are not allowed, at that time, priests and other temple trustees said that that is the tradition continued by so many years. There the priest assumed that Dabholkar is their enemy but they don t know Dabholkar s struggle not for a few people but for the whole society. Dabholkar died but his anti-superstitious thoughts remained alive in the society to give energy to people who work against superstition. Dabholkar has scientific views to oppose all the superstitious things. When Dabholkar gave open challenge to Shankaracharya, who is one of the most superstitious persons and spread all the superstitious things. Dabholkar wanted to kmzxrn /80

81 remove superstition from bottom of its origin. People only believes in superstition and became lazy, they don t want to do hard work, they only want to worship God and join their hands in front of God. In America also people worship blind things, but people in America struggled against superstition and now black people ruling over the country. Superstition is worst thing which attached with society but now-a-days people became aware of many things and say WHY for each doubtful thing. Sant Tukaram said that do not believe in superstition when bramhins were powerful. He said no one would get what they wish like baby girl or boy only worshiping God without husband. He said with confidence and they have proof because of this Bramhins didn t like him and wanted remove from society. Some people started their day with blind things and all over the day it continued, they don t want to do hard work only worship God and get the things. But now-a-days things are changing and people strongly believes in scientific view. And hence let s fight against blind faith and superstition and remove it from the society. Moments Some moments touch the mind Some becomes memories in the mind Some moments deeply root at the bottom of mind Some make attack on the mind Some moments remain in memory for life time Some turns the life Some moments become our life Perhaps moments are momentary If we think to preserve them But only memories remain in hallow of plans. R. B. Patale B. A. III kmzxrn /81

82 Bhagvat Gavhane B. A. II Proud to be an Indian Let the world know what we stand for. There are 3.22 million Indians in America. 38% of doctors in America are Indians. 12% of scientists in America are Indians. 36% of NASA employees are Indians. 34% of MICROSOFT employees are Indians. 28% of IBM employees are Indians. 17% of INTEL employees are Indians. 13% of XEROX employees are Indians. You may know some of these facts. These facts were published in a German magazine, which deals with WORLD HISTORY FACTS ABOUT INDIA. India never invaded any country in her last years of history. India invented the Number System. Aryabhatta invented Zero. Sanskrit is the mother of all the European languages. Sanskrit is the most suitable language for computer software reported in Forbes Magazine in July, Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicine known to humans. Charaka, the father of medicine consolidated Ayurveda 2500 years ago. Today Ayurveda is fast regaining its rightful place in our civilization. Although modern images of India often show poverty and lack of development, India was the richest country on earth until the time of British invasion in early 17 th century. The art of Navigation was born in the river Sindh 6000 years ago. The very word Navigation is derived from Sanskrit word NAVGATIH. The word Navy is also derived from Sanskrit NOU. Bhaskaracharya calculated the time taken by the earth to orbit the sun hundreds of years before the astronomer Smart. Time taken by the earth to orbit the sun: (5 th century) days. Bhudhayana first calculated the value of pi, and he explained the concept of what is known as the Pythagorean Theorem. He discovered this in the 6 th century long before the European mathematicians Algebra, trigonometry and calculus came from India; Quadratic equations were by Sridharacharya in the 11 th century; the largest numbers the Greeks and the Romans used were 10 6 kmzxrn /82

83 (10 to the power of 6) whereas Hindus used numbers big as (10 to the power of 53) with specific names as early as 5000 BCE during the Vedic period. Even today, the largest used number is Tera (10 to the power of 12). According to the Gemological Institute of America, up until 1896, India was the only source for diamonds to the world. USA based IEEE has proved what has been a century-old suspicion in the world scientific community that the pioneer of Wireless communication was Prof. Jagdeesh Bose and not Marconi. The earliest reservoir and dam for irrigation was built in Saurashtra. According to Saka King Rudradaman I of 150 CE a beautiful lake called Sudarshana was constructed on the hills of Raivataka during Chandragupt Maurya s time. Chess (Shataranja or Ashta Pada) was invented in India. Sushruta is the father of surgery years ago he and health scientists of his time conducted complicated surgeries like cesareans, cataract, artificial limbs, fractures, urinary stones and even plastic surgery and brain surgery. Usage of anesthesia was well known in ancient India. Over 125 surgical equipment were used. Deep knowledge of anatomy, etiology, embryology, digestion, metabolism, genetics and immunity is also found in many texts. When many cultures were only nomadic forest dwellers over 5000 years ago, Indians established Harappan culture in Sindhu Valley (Indus Valley Civilization). The place value system, the decimal system was developed in India in 100 BC. Some Famous Quotes about India: Albert Einstein: We owe a lot to the Indians, who taught us how to count, without which no worthwhile scientific discovery could have been made. Mark Twain: India is the cradle of human race, the birthplace of human speech, the mother of history, the grandmother of legend, and the great grandmother of tradition. Our most valuable and most structured materials in the history of man are treasured up in India only. French Scholar Romaine Rolland: if there is one place on the face of earth where all the dreams of living men have found a home from the very earliest days when man began the dream of existence, it is India. Hu Shih, former Ambassador of China to USA: India conquered and dominated China culturally for 20 centuries without ever having to send a single soldier across her border. All the above is just the tip of the iceberg, the list could be endless. But, if we don t see even a glimpse of that great India in the India that we see today, it clearly means that we are not working up to our potential and that if we do, we could once again we an ever shining and inspiring country setting a bright path for rest of the world to follow. Hence, NOW BE AN INDIAN AND PROUD TO BE AN INDIAN. kmzxrn /83

84 Narayan Devkar B. A. III To be or not to be It is said that literature reflects what happens in the society. It is mirror to society. Literature always tries to manifest the behavior of human beings. Human psychology is the most complex thing to define and analyze. Many writers from ancient period to today have made efforts to put the man s behavior in particular situation. But still there are thousands of sheds to human psychology which are beyond reach. William Shakespeare (b d. 1616) is one of the most profound scholars who has deep knowledge of human psychology. Most of his plays are based on the threads of human mind among them most famous are: Hamlet, Macbeth, King Lear and Othello are the best exploration in human behavior. Hence Hamlet becomes the play to peep into the psychology of humans. Shakespeare very skillfully analyses the deep rooted consciences of human mind. His most debut soliloquy gives the apt understanding of human dilemma. It very strongly adheres the minute threads of human mind. The famous soliloquy is: Hamlet: To be or not to be. That is the question. Whether tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep, kmzxrn /84

85 No more; and, by a sleep to we end The heart-ache and the thousands natural shocks That flesh is heir to, tis a consummation Devoutly to be wish d. To die, to sleep; To sleep: perchance to dream: ay, there s the rub, For in that sleep of death what dreams may come When we have shuffled off this mortal coil, Must give us pause. There s the respect That makes calamity of so long life; For who would bear the whips and scorns of time, The oppressor s wrong, the proud man s contumely, The pangs of dispriz d love, the law s delay, The insolence of office, and the spurns That patient merit of the unworthy takes, When he himself might his quietus make With a bare bodkin? Who fardels bear, To grunt and sweat under a weary life, But that the dread of something after death, The undiscover d country from whose bourn No traveler returns, puzzles the will, And makes us rather bear those ills we have Than fly to others that we know not of? Thus conscience does make cowards of us all; And thus the native hue of resolution Is sicklied o er with the pale cast of thought, And enterprises of great pitch and moment With this regard their currents turn awry, And lose the name of action. Soft you now! The fair Ophelia! Nymph, in thy orisons Be all my sins remember d. This is the detailed mind picture of a person who is caught into an unavoidable dilemma and who do not have the power to take decision in critical situation. Hamlet is a representation of all those who are unable to take the decisions like Hamlet. To be or not to be is nothing but what should we do die or live. Life is full of difficulties but we do not have option to face them or die. Time or fortune also have major stake in our life. We are puppets in the hands of fortune and time. Hence to be or not to be that is the question. Bhagyashri Toshniwal 11 th Commerce kmzxrn /85

86 Mr. D. W. Patil, Mr. S. S. Markad (Asst. Prof. Dept. of Fishery Science) Some interesting Facts & findings about Dolphins Dolphins are aquatic mammals. There are 32 species of marine dolphins, four types of river dolphins. 1) The term dolphin is from the Greek delphis which is related to delphys (such as the Delphic Oracle) meaning womb. 2) Killing a dolphin in ancient Greece was considered sacrilegious and was punishable by death. 3) The killer whale is the largest dolphin 4) The brains of most mammals have a relatively smooth surface while the brains of humans are extremely convoluted. The dolphin brain is even more folded than humans. Scientists often measure intelligence by the number of brain folds. 5) Some dolphins can understand as many as 60 words, which can make up 2000 sentences 6) A female dolphin will assist in the birth of another s baby dolphin, and if it is a difficult birth, the midwife might help pull out the baby. Other dolphins, including bulls, will swim around the mother during birth to protect her. 7) Dolphins don t have a sense of smell, but they do have a sense of taste and, like humans, can distinguish between sweet, sour, bitter, and salty tastes. 8) The eyes of a dolphin produce dolphin tears, a slippery secretion which protects the eye against foreign objects and infection. 9) With their echo-location, dolphins can distinguish between types of fish the same size, between aluminum and brass and a steel ball that is 2½ in diameter. 10) A dolphin s sonar or echo-location is rare in nature and is far superior to either the bat s sonar or human-made sonar. kmzxrn /86

87 11) Dolphin sonar seems not to detect the fine threads of fishing nets, and millions of dolphins have drowned as a result of becoming entangled. 12) Unlike most wild animals, dolphins spend a lot of time enjoying sex and foreplay that is not determined by being in season or the urge to procreate. 13) Most wild animals avoid contact with humans while wild dolphins are known to play and associate with humans, especially children. 14) In 1971, the Navy dispatched a team of dolphins armed to guard a U.S. Navy base in Vietnam. 15) Dolphins do not breathe automatically as humans do and will die if given a general anesthetic. They must sleep at the surface of the water with their blowholes exposed. Dolphins shut down only half of their brain while they sleep to stay alert and breathing. 16) The dolphin s most dangerous enemy is humans. Dolphins play around boats, surfing the bow waves and even helping fisherman by signaling when it s the best time to cast their nets...and then herding the fish into them kmzxrn /87

88 Dr. D. G. Sawant Asst. Prof. Dept. of English Losing My Religion: Review Name of the Book : Losing My Religion (LMR) Author : Vishwas Mudagal Language : English, Publisher : Fingerprint: New Delhi (2014), Form : Novel, pp. 350, Rs I picked up LMR in my hands returning from Jaipur to Hingoli, a run-up of complete 24 hours by train. Before stepping down at Hingoli station, 350 pages have been finished. The novel formulated a striking impact over my mind. It s a tale of any youngster in the world who has business ambitions which Rishi Rai the protagonist had but fell down to the ground possessing the instinct of an entrepreneur the only thing he owned. His desire to travel aimlessly after losing everything he had, even his Pajero SUV made him to embrace the most unexpected conditions of his life. He travels far in the northern India, so called earth s restless paradise. He reaches at Malana with his friend Alex a selfgoverned Tapory from America. And Malana, a village having its own selfgoverning system. Greek descendants kmzxrn /88

89 got into the web of villagers and there starts an interesting, thrilling rescue episode instigates all nerves in the body. Abundance of natural beauty of the Malana surroundings tempt one to travel once in lifetime; an apt destination for adventure seekers a place must visit. The novel is a modern path-breaking for the delineation of austerely unpredictable and unforeseen life of its protagonist, devoid of common readers imagination. It can be cut to three vivid segments first, from beginning to Rishi s encounter with Kyra, second from this encounter to the revelation of Kyra as the Kyra Blake, daughter of the American business tycoon William Blake, and third part is the conflict affair between Rishi, Kyra and Gerard Wolf most interesting part of the novel. All the events are interwoven with fully rising inquisitiveness suspense-driven and astonishing plot. All the incidents are interconnected strongly with one-another yet divisible into many visual and pictorial episodes e.g. Malana episode, Goa-Gameplaying episode, Mahakumbhmela episode, Kyra disclosure episode, Gerard Wolf s Challenge episode, Fenn s Ultimate Challenge episode, etc. A well-worked cinematographic novel written for sheer entertainment accomplishes its aim reaching in the hands of readers. It will be remembered for its characters and characterization though they seem typical characters but representative of common people. The same condition of losing one s religion can occur in anyone s life as happened in Rishi s. All events revolve around the life of major characters i.e. Rishi, Kyra and Alex, especially Rishi the protagonist. Rishi, a phoenix, born to rise from ashes, Alex born to establish a lifestyle of aimlessness and chaos; and Kyra, a passionate, zestful, self-decisive and daring girl all met to create a history of their own and ultimately youngsters of the world. It is an emotional romantic tale of love between Rishi and Kyra, their unfair leave-taking in the bloom of their relation and unexpectedly and co-incidentally reuniting again to face a severe stroke of fate. It seems that nothing new has been presented at the level of theme but the way of presentation is of course engaging readers with constant curiosity that what will happen next. Unthinkable turns and twists are the strengths of the plot imparts a literary height as seen in Canon Doyle and Sherlock Holmes. Third person narrative technique provides ample freedom to author to comment on any situation, character or event which has become more influential. One should read to experience losing one s religion moment and get lost in up and downs of one s life and again to rise anew. Some Quotes from and on the Novel: Dedicated to the youth of the world. And to the Beasts. Beasts who don t give a damn, who kick some ass when required, who stand kmzxrn /89

90 up to a challenge, and who rise time and again with utter disregard to fear or failure. These are the beasts who run the world the ones the world calls the Entrepreneurs. Hoping their creed thrives. (Dedication). The history of the world is the history of a few men who kicked ass whenever the situation called for it. It was time to kick some ass. It was time to create history. (Prologue). Vishwas Mudagal has narrated the story in an interesting, racy, and dramatic manner. It is full of unexpected turns and twists, and maintains suspense till the end. It is bound to become very popular. (CN Ramachandran, Author and Critic). A grand debut by Vishwas Mudagal, a writer to watch out for an exciting read! (Pankaj Adwani) An interesting debut novel about an issue facing many young people burn out. A good read. (Mallika Sarabhai). Be Good, Better, Best Be good, better, best Never be at rest, Until you are the best Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening By Robert Frost Whose woods these are I think I know. His house is in the village though; He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow. My little horse must think it queer To stop without a farmhouse near Between the woods and frozen lake The darkest evening of the year. He gives his harness bells a shake To ask if there is some mistake. The only other sound s the sweep Of easy wind and downy flake. The woods are lovely dark and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep. Rout Vandana Gajanan, B. Com. II Year kmzxrn /90

91 Miss S. Y. Khillare B. A. II Mahatma Jyotirao Phule: The Action Reformer of Maharashtra Jyotiba Phule is real hero of our society. He came from a farmer's family. Phule spent his whole life in the reformation of society. He was well educated scholar who have made aware Jyotiba Phule was one of the prominent social reformers of the nineteenth century India. He led the movement against the prevailing caste-restrictions in India. He revolted against the domination of the Brahmins and for the rights of peasants and other low-caste fellow. Jyotiba Phule was believed to be the first Hindu to start an orphanage for the unfortunate children. Jyotirao Phule was born in Satara district of Maharastra on 11 th April His father, Govindrao was a vegetable-vendor at Poona. Originally Jyotirao s family belonged to mali caste, considered as inferior by the Brahmins. Since, Jyotirao s father and uncles served as florists, the family came to be known as `Phule. Jyotirao s mother passed away when he was nine months old. Jyotirao was an intelligent boy but due to the poor financial condition at home, he had to stop his studies at an early age. He started helping his father by working on the family s farm. Recognising the talent of the child prodigy, few months later, a neighbor persuaded his father to send him to school. In 1841, Jyotirao got admission in the Scottish Mission s High School, Poona. There, he met Sadashiv Ballal Govande, a Brahmin, who remained his close friend throughout his life. Jyotirao was married to Savitribai, when he was thirteen years old. In 1848, an incident took place in his life that later sparked off the dalit-revolution in the Indian society. Jyotirao was invited to attend a wedding of one of his Brahmin friends. Knowing that he belonged to inferior caste, the relatives of the bridegroom insulted and abused him. Jyotirao left the procession and made up his mind to defy the prevailing caste-system and social restrictions. He then started his campaign of serving the people of lower caste who were deprived of all their rights as human beings. After reading Thomas Paine s famous book The Rights of Man, Jyotirao was greatly influenced by kmzxrn /91

92 his ideas. He believed that enlightenment of the women and lower caste people was the only solution to combat the social evils. Therefore, in 1848, he along with his wife started a school for the girls. The orthodox Brahmins of the society were furious at the activities of Jyotirao. They blamed him for vitiating the norms and regulations of the society. Many accused him of acting on behalf of the Christian Missionaries. But Jyotirao was firm and decided to continue the movement. Interestingly, Jyotirao had some Brahmin friends who extended their support to make the movement successful. Jyotirao attacked the orthodox Brahmins and other upper castes and termed them as hypocrites. He campaigned against the authoritarianism of the upper caste people. He urged the peasants and proletariat to defy the restrictions imposed upon them. In 1851, Jyotiba established a girls school and asked his wife to teach the girlsin the school. Jyotirao, later, opened two more schools for the girls and an indigenous school for the lower castes, especially the Mahars and Mangs. Viewing the pathetic condition of widows and unfortunate children Jyotirao decided the open an orphanage. In order to protect those widows and their children, Jyotiba Phule established an orphanage in Many young widows, from the uppercaste spent their days in the orphanage. Satya Shodhak Samaj After tracing the history of the Brahmin domination in India, Jyotirao blamed the Brahmins for framing the weird and inhuman laws. He concluded that the laws were made to suppress the shudras and rule over them. In 1873, Jyotiba Phule formed the Satya Shodhak Samaj (Society of Seekers of Truth). The purpose of the organization was to liberate the people of lower-castes from the suppression of the Brahmins. The membership was open to all and the available evidence proves that some Jews were admitted as members. In 1876 there were 316 members of the Satya Shodhak Samaj. In 1868, in order to give the lower-caste people more powers Jyotirao decided to construct a common bathing tank outside his house. He also wished to dine with all, regardless of their caste. Jyotiba Phule devoted his entire life for the liberation of untouchables from the exploitation of Brahmins. He revolted against the tyranny of the upper castes. On 28 th November 1890, the great reformer of India, Mahatma Jyotirao Phule, passed away. Source: cultureofindia.com kmzxrn /92

93 Sindhu Khandare B. A. II Year Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Dear Friends, Today I am going to tell you a story of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar and so kindly please listen it. The matter is of that day when our country was not free by British rule. The common people were living a very frugal life. Dr. Babasaheb born on 14 th April 1891 at Mahu in MP. The thing I want to tell you about him is that he was fourteenth child to his father and mother. His mother s name was Bhimabai and his name was Bhimrao. It is one of the best combinations of his life. His education life went through a very poor condition and sad-fully because the students of his school were not sited together. He always hated by others and many times Babasaheb seat near the window and listened to teachers. His father Ramji Ambedkar was a major in military. He passed SSC exam in Nobody was matric at that time in the Mahar community. He was the first matric of the year. In 1919, he jumped into social life. Babasaheb married with Ramabai, the daughter of Anantrao in Ramabai helped him for his further education and he became lawyer after L.L.B. He wrote a book named The Problem of Rupee and Bhudha and His Dhamma. He fought against the injustice. He came forward and awakened people of lower castes. Later he became a great leader. Babasaheb started a movement and did a Satyagrah for the water of Chawdar lake in Mahad where people from lower community were prohibited to fill the water of the lake. Some days later he wrote a book on who were the untouchables in ancient time. Most of the time he thought that though he born in Hindu religion, he would not die the same. Therefore he declared his wish to conversion into another religion in Yewale city in Many people were confused about his conversion because they did not know the religion into which he was going kmzxrn /93

94 to convert. After a few days he declared the name of the religion and all confusion got removed and the new religion was Buddha. With him near about a crore people accepted Buddha religion in Nagpur city now called Diksha Bhumi on 14 th Oct He also wrote the book Thoughts on Pakistan. Day after day Babasaheb became physically weak and he took his last breath on 6 th December His dead body brought from Delhi to Mumbai by an airplane. At that time there were 12 lakh people presented on the beach of Dadar for his funeral, queue was three KM long; the funeral ceremony has been held as per Buddha rituals. Life Profile of Dr. Ambedkar: Name: Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar Birth: 14 th April 1891 (Mahu- MP) Death: 6 th December 1956 age 65 (Delhi) Wife: Ramabai (Married 1906) Died 1935 Religion: Bauddha Awards: Bharatratna and Many other Outstanding work : All work is outstanding but to mention a few he was chairman of the constitution drafting committee of India. First Minister of Law and Justice. Higher Education : University of Mumbai, Colombia University, University of London. His most Influential Writings: 1957 The Buddha and His Dhamma 1936 Annihilation of Caste 1946 Who were the Shudras 1941 Thoughts on Pakistan 1948 The Untouchables 1915 Castes In India : There Mechanism, Genesis and Development 1946 History of Indian Currency & Banking 1947 States and Minorities 1948 Maharashtra as a Linguistic State 1955 Thoughts on Linguistic States 1946 Communal Deadlock and a way to Solve it 1943 Mr. Gandhi and the Emancipation of the Untouchables 1943 Ranade, Gandhi and Jinnah 1946 What Congress and Gandhi have done to the Untouchable 1980 The Rise and fall of Hindu Women. kmzxrn /94

95 Khandare Mamta B. A. II Year On Top of the World Everyone has a dream. Some dream great things. But only a few have the determination to make their dreams come true. This is the story of one such man. Mount Everest is the tallest mountain in the world. Mountaineers come from every part of the world. Surendra Chavan was no exception to this. He had scaled many difficult cliffs and peaks in the Sahyadris and even in the Himalayas. But Mount Everest was special. So he decide to take up the challenge of Mount Everest to mark a special moment of the golden jubilee of Indian Independence. Mount Everest rises 8848 meters high above the sea level. If you travel that much distance on flat land you would not get any difficulty. But if you climb up that high you find that everything changes as you go higher and higher. You have to face chilling cold, biting winds and even snow storms as you go very high up. The air gets thinner and there is less oxygen in the air. So it becomes difficult to breathe. Lack of oxygen combined with the cold leads to different kinds of sicknesses you even lose the desire to eat. But true mountaineers feel that these hardship only make the adventure more exciting. The leader of this expedition to Mount Everest was Hrishikesh Yadav. They decided to climb Mount Everest from the Tibetan Chinese side and not from the Nepal side. This route is actually more difficult but Surendra and his team-mates were not looking out for ease and comfort. They were happy to take a more challenging route. Surendra had studied the reports of the earlier expedition well, specially the report of the 1996 ITBP Indo Tibetan Border police Expedition. He read the report again and again. Every time he read it he made the entire journey in his mind, learning what he had to face and rehearsing in his mind how he would do it. Man is an animal who has ambitions and curiosity regarding the surrounding world where he lives. So he is constantly engaged in doing something to explore the nature or some other things. Various experiments are the outcome of this. Unlike kmzxrn /95

96 other animals his brain is most developed and he can do anything by using the power of his brain. Man has found solutions for many things in the nature and he at the best coped with nature but still there are a lot of mysteries which are not explored. Some Good Thoughts Pooja Mahajan B. com. II 1. A Negative thinker sees a difficulty in every opportunity. A Positive thinker sees an opportunity in every difficulty. 2. Positive thinking better than nothing. 3. Keep the lamp of friendship burning with oil of love because sun rises in the east and sets in the west but friendship rises in the heart and sets after death. 4. Friendship is all about three things. Winning, losing and sharing. Winning your friends heart, losing your ego and sharing joys and sorrows. 5. A friend is a gift given to you by your own behavior. 6. Life is the art of drawing without an eraser. 7. Learn from yesterday live for today hope for tomorrow. 8. The difference between life and the movies is that a script has to make sense and life doesn t. 9. If life were measured by accomplishments most of us would die in infancy. 10. Failure is not necessary missing the target but aiming too low. 11. Work without faith and prayer is like an artificial flower that has no fragrance. 12. I know what I do not want but I do not know what I want. kmzxrn /96

97 Collected by Pahare Akash R. B. Sc. I To Youth Nothing is Impossible Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Human flight is nothing but creativity of human mind and undergoes several struggler to achieve excellence. In 1895, a well-known scientist Lord Kelvin who was the president of Royal Society of London said anything heavier than air cannot fly and cannot be flown. Within a decade Wright Brothers proved man could fly of course at heavy risk and cost. On the successful completion of moon mission in 1969 Van Braun a very famous rocket designer who built Saturn V to launch the capsule with astronaut and made moon walk a reality in 1975 said if I am authorized I will remove the word impossible. In ancient days, Ptolemaic astronomy is a widely used system in calculation the dynamiters of various stars and planets. Assumption by then was that the earth is flat, what a scientific struggle had to take place to prove that the earth is spherical in shape orbiting around the sun. The three great astronomers Copernicus, Galileo and Kepler had to give a new dimension to the world of astronomy. Today we take it for granted that earth is a globe orbiting around the sun and the sun orbits in the Milky Way. All the technological advancements we have today are the outcome of scientific exploration of scientists of earlier centuries at no time man was began by problems. He strives continuously to subjugate impossibility and then succeeds. According to the laws of aerodynamics the bumble bee should never be able to fly because of the size. Weight and shape of its body in relationship to the total wing span flying is scientifically impossible. The bumble bee being ignorant of scientific theory goes ahead and flier anyway. Miss Rina S. Bhure, B. Com. I kmzxrn /97

98 Collected by Mahajan Pooja G. B. Com. II Sorrows of Sparrows Navjyoti Dalal Most of us would remember ek Chidiya anek Chidya the childhood anthem for many growing up in the doordarshan age. Sadly however, the anek chidya is thing of past and even the most common birds the sparrow is now endangered. As the world celebrates sparrows day today we take a closer look on the shrinking world of sparrows. The population of the common house sparrow has declined considerably. In some states of the country the percentage has dropped by a sharp 80%. While many news reports are blaming the increase the number of cell phone towers and mobile phones, the decrease in the number of sparrow s population has some interesting twists. Artist and bird conservation Vishwajeet Naik lessons I have seen many birds nesting on cell phone towers, some can t point a finger only at that, it is the changes like new building decrease in the old structures and more that lead to the loss of habitat for sparrows. Bird enthusiast Savitha Bharathi agrees, it s the life style changes which are the culprit. The houses these days are not environment friendly. Also people show birds away. However there is a silver ling with the increasing no. of bird and nature lovers groups and their activism the picture does hold a promise for tomorrow. Interestingly. Many other are also join hands. Education E Etiquette we may not always get what we want, D discipline we may not always get what we need, U Understanding but we should always get, C Creativity what we deserve; A Awareness and education is the realization of the same thing T Transformation I Intelligibility O Optimistic N Noble S. S. B. Shekh B. A. I kmzxrn /98

99 Best Wishes It s the special month of Ramadan Which we would like to share Our family rise at dawn to fart And ends the days with prayer. We break our fast at sunset With a juicy date Remembering to help those in need Before it gets to take The spirit of giving Is strong this month. Pahare Akash Ramesh B. Sc. I There Should be Someone There should be someone To begin the day with my thought There should be someone To say take care There should not be someone To disconnect the phone accompanying Father and mother But there should be someone To speak unsophisticated to me Before father & mother To complain for why did not phone There should be someone To have inclination to meet me Every day and To find time on holiday for me Her voice should be refreshing for whole day Her mind should understand feelings in my eyes and An emotional moment There should someone to bring tears in her eyes Really there should be someone To love me extremely. Laughter Points Five steps of lovely morning, close your eyes Taka a deep breath, open your arms wide Feel your heartbeat And say it s too early let me sleep again Dream makes all things possible, Hope makes all things work Love makes all things beautiful Smile makes all the above so Always brush your teeth Santa: what is another difference between a Mosquito and a Fly? Banta: Easy, a fly can fly but a Mosquito cannot mosquito. Nice friends are gift not easily gained. It roots from one s heart and involves memories that stay not for a moment, not for a day but forever. Emotions I have to reveal emotions In my mind to you today I have to be Like you today You say yes or No Accept or Reject But I have to live Looking at moon today S. P. Dipake B. A. III kmzxrn /99

100 Dhabe Priyanka B. A. II Stop Global Warming The phrase global warming refers to the documented historical warning of the Earth s surface based upon worldwide temperature records that have been maintained by human since the 1880s. The term global warming is often used synonymously with the term climate change, but the two terms have distinct meaning. Global warming is the combined result of anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gases and change in solar irradiance, while climate change refers to any changes in the state of the climate that can be identified by changes in the average and the variability of its properties. Steps to Stop Global Warming: Drive an energy efficient car, for instance hybrid cars run on gas and electricity. Check your water heater keeping it at less than 120 degree, fan save money and emission an extra two degree can save 2000 pounds of carbon dioxide a year. Speaking of laundry try air drying your clothes instead of using a dryer. Take care with your appliance unplug them when you don t use them. Look at your light bulbs and get energy saving ones. Compact fluorescent bulbs use 66 & less energy. As far as consumerism try buying products with less parking. Wrap and paper wrapping and ties and such buying in bulk can mean less packaging and less money being spent plus more food is just better to have around. Ceiling fans are a pretty harmless way to cool down a room without using an air conditioner it used less energy and can be considered a comfort. Plant tree not only do they suck up carbon dioxide provide cleaner air and save 2000 pounds co 2 a year. Install blinds in your windows and keep windows and door shut during the day to keep it cooler. Buy organic agricultural resources, do not use chemical which pollute water and require energy to produce it and use cloth bags while you carry it instead of those plastic bags. kmzxrn /100

101 Miss Sujata More B. A. II William Shakespeare and the World Literature No literature can be complete without the name of William Shakespeare, the poet dramatist has a fixed place like polar star in the world literature. For his great contribution to this field. He has created his own era in the English literature. His time period has been proved so blissful for art and literature that literature has developed at its peak. The whole era has been occupied by Shakespeare s literature especially the form drama. He became so famous that the period has been recognized as Shakespearean Period and the writing style as Shakespearean Style. His strength lie in his exploitation and mastery aver language and the deep knowledge of human psychology. Many great critics have been studied and tried to dissect his writing right from his contemporary Ben Johnson to later critics like Dr. Johnson, A. C. Bradley T. S. Eliot, Era Pound, Sigmund Freud, William James and many others attempted to define Shakespearean literature. Freud a wellknown psychologist studied Hamlet and commented on the character of Hamlet and his inability to do the things he wished. It is because of his psychological dilemma that he struck into inaction. Here is the world famous soliloquy of Hamlet: To be or not to be that is the question. Whether it s nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune Or to take arms against a sea of troubles And by opposing end them to die to sleep (Hamlet: Act III Scene I) This is the most cited soliloquies of kmzxrn /101

102 Shakespeare and also most analyzed scenes on the level of human psychology and hence Hamlet becomes the world s most famous play after 400 years. It is again one of the most debated plays of Shakespeare that attracted en-number of critics, scholars, scientists, philosophers, literary and nonliterary persons and touched every section of the society. Shakespeare s life span was 23 April 1564 to 23 April He composed a good number of literature during the last section of his life. There are 37 plays, two long poems and 154 sonnets on his name. His most celebrated plays are Hamlet, Macbeth, King Lear and Othello which are called black tragedies or dark tragedies. This tragedies are based on some external human flaw. Hamlet psychological dilemma inability to take decision, Macbeth over ambition, King Lear wrong or false judgment, artificial nature and Othello suspicious nature; all the play depict distraction on the level of human emotions. Shakespeare has written comedies, tragedies and tragicomedies admixture of tragedy and comedy. Historical plays, romantic plays and poems. Among his poems sonnets are more famous. His sonnets are divided into three section or he addressed his sonnets to three persons to someone dark lady or love sonnets, to his friend and to friendship. His love sonnet 116 is a beautiful love poem where he addressed the concept of pure love; according to him, the real love is like: It is an ever fixed mark It the star to every wandering bark. In this way, Shakespeare has generated a unique name in the history of world literature. His contribution to the world literature is immense which any literature of the world cannot forget. Patale R. G., B. A. III kmzxrn /102

103 Miss Sonal Garpal B. A. II Sant Gadegebaba: A Great Revolutionary Reformist Debuji Zingraji Janorkar was born on Feb. 23, 1876 in a cloth washer-man s (Dhobi) family in the district of Amaravati. His family was poor. Soon his family lost their land and Debuji became a labourer. One day he was protecting the food grain in the field there passed a sadhu. The sadhu teased him by saying that the grain which he is protecting is not his own. That moment has become the moment of realization of Debuji and then he started his everlasting campaign of social reformation in Maharashtra. Now he has become one of the most famous social reformers in Maharashtra inspiring every youth in the country. We know him most popularly as Sant Gadge Maharaj or Gadgebaba. Only the name is enough to recall his immense contribution to the society. His teaching was very simple provide food to hungry, provide shelter to needy and protect your environment. This has become his life principle. The government of Maharashtra has started the social reformation campaign. Almost all political parties in the state took inspiration from the work of Gadgebaba. Late Home Minister and Minister for Rural Development of Maharashtra honorary R. R. Patil has started a scheme and movement called Sant Gadgebaba Gram Swachhata Abhiyan in which the cleanest village receives the Award and cash prize for the development of the village. Gadgebaba travelled all over Maharashtra. Wherever he goes, he starts to sweep the surrounding. His most powerful weapon of reformation was his immediate action and Kirtan at the night. He used many Abhangs, couplets of Kabir and rural idioms, phrases in the rural dialect to teach and preach the common people. Gadgebaba was the man of scientific point of view. He firmly believed in the scientific point of view. He made aware kmzxrn /103

104 of the general masses not to believe in superstition through his Kirtanas. Crowd of thousands of people gathered to his Kirtana. He made Wari of Pandhari for thirty years but never worshipped the God Vitthala. His dictum was very simple that God lies in human being and not the statue of stone. So one should serve humanity. His Kirtan was an interaction and discussion with the people. Most of the times, it was in the form of question and answer. He asks simple question to people who gathered for the Kirtan. Did you see your god? No one has seen the god in actual; so people reply no, then Gadgebaba pointing to a person sat beside him says I have seen my god, this person is my god because he teaches poor and dalit children. God is within this person because he does the work of humanity. His next question, did your god bathe? People say yes who makes bathe him. We people, then Baba powerfully remarks, if your god cannot bathe himself, then what is the use of your god. Further he asks, do your god eat? Yes who made eat him? We people then Gadgebaba answers, if your god cannot eat himself and cannot protect his own food then how he can protect you and your family. In this way, Gadgebaba became the most powerful public teacher being an illiterate and without going in any formal school. He always stood against the superstition and blind faith. There happened an incident in the life of Gadgebaba which shows his attitude and anti-superstitious temperament. Once Baba was passing nearby a river and there was a Bramhin and a person doing some orthodox ritual after death of the person. Baba asked them, what are you doing? Bramhin replied, we are appeasing the person who is dead by offering him his most liked food and other things. Baba again asked, where the person is? He is in the heaven above the sky. Baba stood into water of the river throwing water at them. The Bramhin asked what the hell you re doing. Baba silently replied I am offering this water to my fields which is far distance from here. The Bramhin angrily shouted, how it is possible to water the fields far from here with your hands. Baba said why not possible, if you can offer food to the person who is in the heaven unknown to us then I also can water my fields from here. This was the very simple style of Gadgebaba to teach and preach people against the superstition. The person holding a broom in the hand became legendary reformer of society for all of us. He was died on December 20, Hence we all should follow the path of the great social reformer Sant Gadge Maharaj. kmzxrn /104

105 Dr. P. B. Patil IQAC Coordinator Internal Quality Assurance Cell: IQAC In pursuance of its Action Plan for performance evaluation, assessment and accreditation and quality up-gradation of institutions of higher education, the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC), Bangalore proposes that every accredited institution should establish an Internal Quality Assurance Cell (IQAC) as a post-accreditation quality sustenance measure. Since quality enhancement is a continuous process, the IQAC will become a part of the institution s system and work towards realization of the goals of quality enhancement and sustenance. The prime task of the IQAC is to develop a system for conscious, consistent and catalytic improvement in the overall performance of institutions. For this, during the postaccreditation period, it will channelize all efforts and measures of the institution towards promoting its holistic academic excellence. Strategies: IQAC shall evolve mechanisms and procedures for: Ensuring timely, efficient and progressive performance of academic, administrative and financial tasks The relevance and quality of academic and research programmes Equitable access to and affordability of academic programmes for various sections of society Optimization and integration of modern methods of teaching and learning The credibility of evaluation procedures Ensuring the adequacy, maintenance and functioning of the support structure and services Heaquarter of NAAC, Bangalore kmzxrn /105

106 Research sharing and networking with other institutions in India and abroad. Functions: Some of the functions expected of the IQAC are: Development and application of quality benchmarks/parameters for various academic and administrative activities of the institution Facilitating the creation of a learnercentric environment conducive to quality education and faculty maturation to adopt the required knowledge and technology for participatory teaching and learning process Arrangement for feedback response from students, parents and other stakeholders on quality-related institutional processes Dissemination of information on various quality parameters of higher education Organization of inter and intra institutional workshops, seminars on quality related themes and promotion of quality circles Documentation of the various programmes/activities leading to quality improvement. Acting as a nodal agency of the Institution for coordinating quality-related activities, including adoption and dissemination of best practices. Development and maintenance of institutional database through MIS for the purpose of maintaining /enhancing the institutional quality. Development of Quality Culture in the institution. Preparation of the Annual Quality Assurance Report (AQAR) as per guidelines and parameters of NAAC, to be submitted to NAAC Benefits: IQAC will facilitate/ contribute: Ensure heightened level of clarity and focus in institutional functioning towards quality enhancement. Ensure internalization of the quality culture. Ensure enhancement and coordination among various activities of the institution and institutionalize all good practices. Provide a sound basis for decisionmaking to improve institutional functioning. Act as a dynamic system for quality changes in HEIs. Build an organized methodology of documentation and internal communication. Composition: IQAC may be constituted in every institution under the Chairmanship of the Head of the institution with heads of important academic and administrative units and a few teachers and a few distinguished educationists and representatives of local management and stakeholders. The composition of the IQAC may be as follows: 1. Chairperson: Head of the Institution. 2. A few senior administrative officers. 3. Three to eight teachers. 4. One member from the Management. 5. One/two nominees from local society, Students and Alumni. 6. One/two nominees from Employers / Industrialists/stakeholders. 7. One of the senior teachers as the coordinator/director of the IQAC. kmzxrn /106

107 REPORTS kmzxrn /107

108 Dr.D.G. Sawant Asst.Prof.R.S. Gore Dept. of English One Day Workshop on the Process of Re-Accreditation The IQA Cell of Toshniwal Arts, Commence & Science College, Sengaon, Dist. Hingoli has organized One Day Workshop on the Process of Re- Accreditation for college teachers and support staff on 2 nd February 2015 at college auditorium. The workshop began in the afternoon with a formal inaugural function. The workshop has been divided into two sessions first, the Process of Re- Accreditation of the College and second, The Role of Support Staff in the process of reaccreditation. Dr. R.S. Nitonde has delivered an extensive presentation on the process of re-accreditation of the college in which he emphasized on many issues as per NAAC criterions of SSR. He started his presentation with the very concept what is NAAC, its second phase and the planning to do the things required. He spoke with clear ideas of the Vision and Mission of NAAC insisting on to add the same to college framework. He has generated awareness in maintaining the records and documents and focused on its significance. He then moved to criteriawise analysis of SSR relating the points which need to be reflected in the college campus. There were many key aspects within the each criterion and all need to be given equal importance because each and every stakeholder in the institution students, teachers, support staff, management, parents, society, and others. The centre of the higher education is meant for welfare of society by producing better citizens of the nation. He also highlighted the small but significant elements in the process of re-accreditation i.e. generation of various kinds of common career courses for all students, production of quality study material and more significant feedbacks from the students, etc. The next important point was the involvement of kmzxrn /108

109 students in various events, programmes and committees for the development of leadership qualities. It is also important to produce skilled workforce through the higher education. He concluded his presentation on the note of sustainable development and challenges before it. He says: one s our mind is prepared, we become able to face any kind of challenge and only it needs to translate into action. Some teachers have asked a few questions to the resource person viz. Dr. U.L. Sahu, Dr. R.T. Chavan, Asst. Prof. T.U. Kendre and the resource person answered them satisfactorily. After a short break, the second session began. In this session Mr. V.M., More has spoken on the theme of Record Management and the Role of Support Staff in reaccreditation. He started with a quotation by John Ruskin, Success is not an accident, it is always an outcome of intelligent efforts, which generated a kind of atmosphere in the auditorium. Then he went onto explaining the different types of documents and its maintenance. Document and record management is the only key through which you can put you efforts before anyone without which it is only impossible to find the things you did in the past. He spent a good amount of time explaining the coordination and co-operation among teaching staff, support staff and management. He made his presentation live with the use of slides and it suited to its theme. His main focus was on digitization and paperless office. Notable part of his speech was maintaining healthy relations among students, teachers, support staff, management and public. He said that the role of support staff though not direct but has an inevitable in this process without which the process would become paralyzed because the source of information is the office. It should keep the record of all the necessary documents. All the process should be student centric. He concluded his presentation by wishing all the best to all present over there in the auditorium. Some of the participants has raised a few issues in this regard include Mr. Shelke, OS of the college, Mr. Tidke, Jr. Clerk of the college and they have been provided with satisfactory answers. The anchorperson of the workshop was Dr. D.G. Sawant and the vote of thanks has been offered by Dr. R.A. Joshi. All the teaching staff, support staff of the college was present for the workshop. After vote of thanks the workshop called it a day on behalf of the chairperson of the function. kmzxrn /109

110 Asst. Prof. Patil D. W. Asst. Prof. Markad S. S. Department of Fishery Science Department of Fishery Science devotedly work towards teaching, research & extension activities. The faculty of department regularly work towards betterment of students by employing innovative teaching through presentations, demos, videos, online material, printed notes, seminars, etc. The practical conducted as a part of curriculum also benefits the students for easy grasping. The faculty is continuously carry out research in different fields of expertise and accordingly publishes their findings to the reputed journals in the field of fisheries. Department also conducts different cocurricular as well as extra-curricular activities in order to create fisheries awareness as well as welfare of students, fisherman community and society. The details of the different activities organised during academic year are summarized below: The meeting was organised for the formation of Fisheries Forum on 23 rd September 2014 in the college under the chairmanship of Principal Dr. Wadgule S. M. The Fisheries Forum consisted Mr. Patil D.W. as Chairman, Mr. Markad S.S. as Member and student representative from each class as students as members. The fisheries forum undertook all the cocurricular as well as extracurricular activities in the Department. The department celebrated World kmzxrn /110

111 Fisheries Day in the college on 21 st November It also conducted an event of poster presentations on 23 rd February, Model Demonstration 24 th February, celebration of National Science Day in the college on 28 th February 2015 for college students. Miss K. M. Kale B. A. III kmzxrn /111

112 Asst. Prof. R. S. Gore Asst. Prof. Dr. D. G. Sawant Department of English The department of English has been established in 1995 with the beginning of English as an optional subject offering language and literature as its specialization. It comprises of the three streams/ faculties Arts, Commerce and Science. The department is actively engaged in the process of teaching, learning and evaluation since its commencement. It has been and being always striving to increase the level of quality education undertaking various kinds of curricular and co-curricular activities for the students. It believes in high performance and quality standards in pursuing the higher education and often forwarded its steps in this regard. Apart from the regular teachinglearning, it also attempts to impart informal education like inculcating the human values among students. The Department of English has carried out four co-curricular activities for the students of English i.e. Students Seminar, Wall-poster Presentation, Group Discussion and Reading Club to develop four basic skills of English language i.e. Reading, Writing, Speaking and Listening. Mr. Gore R. S. and Dr. Sawant D. G. constantly guide the students. Students seminar is an event arranged by the department to develop their basic ideas on relevant topics in English and share their views among the students. This event proved useful to increase the confidence as well as presentation skills using verbal and nonverbal communication. kmzxrn /112

113 Asst. Prof. R. S. Gore Asst. Prof. Dr. D. G. Sawant Dept. of English One Teacher-One Skill Workshop The workshop on One Teacher-One Skill in Toshniwal Art s, Commerce and Science College in Sengaon was arranged by Dept. of English on 9 th January for the students and teachers. Mr. Rameshwar Chilwant (Member, Mumbai Chamber of Commerce) was present over there as resource person and guided to the students. Initially, he gave the information about this pilot project. Hon ble Vice Chancellor Dr. Pandit Vidyasagar, in his first meeting with Dean of all Faculties put a proposal to start with very ambitious and job oriented scheme for the welfare of all students affiliated to SRTMU, Nanded. One Teacher-One Skill is divided in three modules. The first module is focusing on Soft Skill and Personality Development as well as Values and Attitudes. The second module would be related to the development of skills at primary level or introduction to entrepreneurship. The third module would be related to the skill development at higher level i.e. students will be exposed to industry. Mr. Chilwant guided students consistently for three hours using entertaining and practical methods in the hall. In this programme, he emphasized on method of study, time planning, hardworking, presentation skills, language skills and the importance of English language. The chairperson of the programme was Principal Dr. S.M. Wadgule and the coordinator was Mr. Gore R. S. the programme was anchored kmzxrn /113

114 by Dr. D.G. Sawant and the vote of thanks were given by Dr. R.A. Joshi and Mr. Phad S.B. For the success of the programme special efforts were taken by Mr. Supare U.P., Gaikwad N.S. Patil D.W. Dr. B.B Ghute, B.D. Ingole S.G. Chatse and non-teaching staffs, Mr. D.N.Bhalerao, Kopnar P.K. All the students and teachers were present for the programme. Golden Thoughts Bhure Anuja Santosh B. Com. III 1. In the camera of your mind load the roll of your good thoughts. Press the button of your hard work and get the photo of your success. 2. Mistakes are painful when they happen but years later. A collection of mistakes is called experience which leads to success. 3. Confidence may not bring success, but it gives the power to face any challenge. 4. Never discuss your success and worry about your failure. Because both will affect you next step. Believe you re self-move and win a life. 5. Never reject anybody in your life because good person give us happiness and bad person give us experience both are essential for life. 6. Happiness is no laughing matter. 7. There never a wrong time to do the right thing. 8. No one do everything but everyone can do something kmzxrn /114

115 Asst. Prof. Dr. Joshi R. A. Asst. Prof. Dr. Bajaj N. S. Depaartment of Physics The department of Physics has carried various co-curricular and extra-curricular activities during the academic year with the intention to inspire, motivate and develop good qualities among the students. The department of Physics is headed by Dr. R. A. Joshi and associate Dr. N. S. Bajaj, the department is actively engaged in teaching and learning to students leading to B. Sc. degree. Department has established Physics forum, organized poster exhibition, Presentations, Seminars, science day as well as actively participated in successful completion of science exhibitions, welcome address for new coming students etc. kmzxrn /115

116 Asst. Prof. Dr. Sahu U. L. Asst. Prof. Dr. Ghute B. B. Department of Geology The Geology department of Toshniwal College was established in June It has organized various types of activities for the students of B.Sc. for this academic year. The department has well-furnished laboratory including all necessary materials especially rocks, minerals, crystals, its models, fossil specimens, etc. practical are regularly conducted in the department. The department organized one field tour under the guidance of Dr. Sahu U.L. and Dr. Bhagwan Ghute which can help to generate interest in Geology and also can impart knowledge about practical field work as well as academic curriculum. kmzxrn /116

117 Asst. Prof. Naik A. P. Asst. Prof. Thorat D. S. Department Of Dairy Science Department of Dairy Science work towards teaching, research & extension activities. The faculty take efforts regularly in teaching and learning by employing innovative teaching ideas through presentations, photo, videos, online material, printed notes, seminars, etc. The practical conducted as a part of curriculum also benefits the students for easy grasping. Department of Dairy Science also conducts different co-curricular as well as extracurricular activities in order to create dairy awareness as well as welfare of students. Asst. Prof. Naik A. P. and Thorat Sir constantly guide the students. The details of the different activities organized during academic year are Forum Formation, Science Day, Poster Presentations, Student Seminar, etc. kmzxrn /117

118 Asst. Prof. Gaikwad N. S. Asst. Prof. Pawar Sir Department of Microbiology The department of Microbiology has carried various co-curricular and extracurricular activities during the academic year with the intention to inspire, motivate and develop good qualities among the students. The department of Microbiology is headed by Mr. N. S. Gaikwad and his associate Mr. A. M. Pande and Mr. K. Pawar, the department is actively engaged in teaching and learning to students leading to B. Sc. degree. Department has established Microbiology forum, organized poster exhibition, Seminars, science day. kmzxrn /118

119 Asst. Prof. Dr. Nalwar Y. S. Asst. Prof. Kendre T. U. Department of Chemistry The 28 th Feb is considered as a bridging day between science faculty and students for learning various new and modern aspects about the science, which could be revised and represented in the form of various activities like poster exhibition, power point presentations etc. hence considering the advantage of science day (week) we have organized the poster exhibition, the science faculty members presentations, career guidance, and essay writing. Students have actively participated in all the events organized by the department. kmzxrn /119

120 Asso. Prof. Dr. Patil P. B. Asst. Prof. Gaikwad B. J. Department of Economics Department of economics has organized World Population Day on 11 th July On the same day the department founded Economics Forum of the students to carry different types of co-curricular activities in the academic year More Nitesh Bandu unanimously selected as the chairman of the Economics Forum. Principal Dr. S. M. Vadgule was the chairman of the function, on the stage there were Dr. P. B. Patil, Prof. B. J. Gaikwad and Mr. S. B. Phad. Most of the students have been participated in the function. Dr. Patil has spoken on need of population control and its effects. Prof. Gaikwad spoke on explosion of population. The department has organized seminar on Central Budget on 4 th April Mr. S. B. Phad was the chairman of the programme. He spoke on central budget in general and clarified the ideas of students. Dr. Patil focused on minor aspects of the budget include income tax slab, directindirect tax, fiscal defecit, etc. Prof. Gaikwad gave emphasis on black money, e-business portal of government, loan facility to the farmers, etc. Many students participated in the post seminar discussion. kmzxrn /120

121 Dr.S.S. Agrawal Asst.Prof.P.B. Desai Department of Commerce The department of Commerce had been started in the year 1993 & P.G.in 2013 respectively. The department of U.G. & P. G. is affiliated to S. R. T. M. U. Nanded while P. G. (M. Com. Banking & Insurance) course had been sanctioned under UGC s XI th plan. The M. Com. is having specialization under Banking and Insurance sector. The department is having an intake capacity of 120 & 30 students for U. G. & P. G. respectively for first year. The department is arranging guest lectures time to time which boosts the students in a new way and let them know in different tactical way. Many activities have been taken by the department are as follows: Guest Lectures, Poster Presentation, Seminar, Field Visits, Study Tours, Entrepreneurship Development Programme, etc. following are the snapshots of the events: kmzxrn /121

122 Asst. Prof. R. S. Gore Dept. of English Student-Teacher-Parent Meet and Felicitation of Scholar Students The student-teacher-parent meet and felicitation of scholar student organized in Toshniwal Arts, Commerce & Science College, Sengaon on 15 th August 2014 on the occasion of Independence Day. The inaugural guest of the function was Shree. Deshmukh K.S. (Former Principal) and the chief guest of the function were Shree. Sandesh Deshmukh, Shree. Fulzalke, (P.I.Sengaon), Smt. Kamal Lakhotiya, (Former Principal), Shree. Shelke Y.M. (Secretary, SGSPMYC) and the president of the function was Shree. B.R. Toshniwal (President, SGSPMYC). The programme was inaugurated by Deshmukh Sir and the introduction was given by Dr. Wadgule S.M., Principal of the College. Shree Deshmukh Sir guided students and parents and told them that there is no any option without hard work in the life. Shree Sandesh Deshmukh shared his own experiences with students and parents on that occasion. Smt. Lakhotiya expressed her views on the importance of computer and English language in day-today life and motivated the students and parents to acquire these skills in the world of technology. Shree Shelke Y.M. guided students and parents by using humorous and poetic style. He also told them how to overcome the odds in the success. Shree B.R. Toshniwal spoke over the future development of the college. In addition to the programme, the felicitation of scholar students by the hands of respected dignitaries by giving them cash, medal and certificates. The programme was anchored by Mr. Phad S.B. and Tapre A.D. whereas oath of thanks given by Dr. Pajai S.R. For running the programme successfully special efforts were made by the programme coordinator, Mr. Gore R.S., Mr. Gaikwad B.J., Mr.Ambhore A.G. and all teaching and non-teaching staff members of the college. The huge no. of students and parents were present for this programme. After this, the college had arranged delicious lunch for the guests, students, parents and teaching and non-teaching staff of the college. After that the programme was over. kmzxrn /122

123 Lib.R.R. Paithankar Library and Information Center Introduction : Library is a heart of Institution, its a growing organisation. Our Library established with the established of college i.e. in the year At the time of establishment there were very few books in the library. But today our library have more than 15,000 ooks as well as 84 national and state level Journals / periodicals and magazines. Non book material also available in the library i.e. C.D. cassets etc. Our library receiving special donation from ' Kendriya Hindnideshliya, HRDA Minestry, New Delhi and Manav Vikas Mission. Abour Services : Our library provides open access system for the staff and senior college students. By this facility every book have its reader and every reader have his book. Today our library have 550 members. They are taking advantage of library collection. Librarian provide internet facility to the staff and students on speical request. Librarian give the special refrance service to the reader and reserchers. We are bounded to save the time of reader to give better services. Mission and Goal : Sengaon is located in Hilly and Rural area. Students from Rural area are hard workers. They study hard. By the library facility likes competative Exam books ( MPSC, UPSC, NET, SET, Bank, P.O. etc.) books are available. To improve their knowledge and they will stand in competation. And get successful. Our mission is to get job opportunities from various fields. About Library Administration : Our college library have a library committee which is established in the year Seven members are their in the committee. The major decision will be taken by the coordinating committee. Department Activity : Our library conducting book day, Book exehibution etc. in the every six months. To improve the reading habits among the readers. We have RFID technology for security of books. kmzxrn /123

124 àm.em.q>r. qexo emar[ah$ {eju g MmbH$ A h dm b d[að> _hm{dúmb` 1. Am Va_hm{dÚmb`rZ H«$m g H $Q >r ñny}v Zmam`Uamd dmk_mao _hm{dúmb`mv IoimSy> Mm gh^mj Zm X{dbm. 2. V g o M A m V a _ h m { d Ú m b ` r Z ñ n Y } g m R > r S > r. P m o Z ~wõr~i ñny}v H $.~mnwamd nmq>rb _hm{dúmb` `owo gh^mj, g Q>a PmoZ Am Vahm{dÚmb`rZ ñny}v amoolr emhÿ _hm{dúmb` ~wõr~i ñny}v gh^mj. 3. Am Va _hm{dúmb` S>r.PmoZ Hw$ñVr ñny}v {edmor _hm{dúmb` qhjmobr _mnmar E.~r., S>m Ja ~r.e_., XodH$Vo {O.Ama., `m Zr OZab M ånr`z{en {ÛVr` H «$ _ m H $ à m á H o $ b m. g Q > a P m o Z ñ n Y } V a m O l r _hm{dúmb` bmvwa `owo gh^mj. 4. Am Va _hm{dúmb`rz \w$q>~m bà`m ñny}v AmXe _hm{dúmb`, qhjmobr `owo gh^mj, \w$q>~m bà`m ñdm_r am_mz X {VW _amr>dms>m {dúm{nr> Zm XoS> `owo Am`mo{OV Ho$boë`m AmXe _hm{dúmb`mv H$moqMJ H±$n gmr>r JwS>_bdma nr.e. `m Mr {ZdS> Pmbr. 5. A m V a _ h m { d Ú m b ` r Z S > P m o Z { H «$ H o $ Q > ñ n Y } V VmopîUdmb _hm{dúmb`mv ñny}v gh^mj Zm X{dbm. Am Va _hm{dúmb`rz S> PmoZ ñny}v _wbo d _wbr `m Zr em[aarh$ {eju _hm{dúmb`, Odim~mOma `owo gh^mj Zm Xdbm. `m_ü`o Hw$.nmonVo dfm bú_u, Hw$. amd$v d XZm `m Zr A Wb Q>rH$ ñny}v gh^mj Zm Xdbm. YmoVao E_.S>r. h _a W«mo - àw_, _Ja A{Zb kmzmo~m Wmir\o$H$ _Ü`o {ÛVr`, h _a W«mo H«$sS>m {d^mj {ÛVr`, Jmoim V Vr`, eo.abr.eo.a\$s {Vhoar CS>r àw_, bm ~ CS>r {ÛVr`, 100 _r. YmdUo {ÛVr`, n d m a { n a m O r { d í d Z m W 2 0 0, 4 0 0, à W _ H«$_m H$, hami amhÿb C M CS>r {ÛVr`, _w T>o I Sy> 400 _r. V Vr`, I Xmao {do`m AemoH$ 1500 _r. {ÛVr`, 4 x 400 [abo _w T>r I Sy> ndma {namor, Xoe_wI AJa, hami amhþb àw_ H«$_m H$. 6. Am Va_hm{dÚmbrZ goýq>a PmoZ _ XmZr H«$sS>m ñnym ñdm.am.vr._.{d.zm XoS> `owo Pmboë`m h _aw«mo YmoVao E_.nr.àW_, _Ja E.S>r. V Vr` H«$_m H$, eoi A{b {Vhoar CS>r V Vr` H«$_m H$, ndma nr.ìhr. 200 _r V Vr`, 400 _r. {ÛVr`, 800 _r. V Vr` H«$_m H$ àmá Ho$bm. 7. Am Va _hm{dúmbrz S>r PmoZ ~ S>q_Q>Z d Q>o.Q>o. ñny}v H $.e H$aamd gmvd _hm{dúmb`, H$i_Zwar `owrb ñny}v IoimSw> Zr gh^mj Zm Xdbm. 8. Am Va _hm{dúmbrz S> PmoZ Imo-Imo d hm {b~m b ñny}v ~hou _hm{dúmb`, ~g_v `owrb ñny}v gh^mj. Imo-Imo ñny}v S> PmoZ ñny}v {ÛVr` H«$_m H$ àmá H o $ b m. n h m a o E. A m a., h a m i A m a. H o $., X o e _ w I E.Eg., ImoS>Ho$ ìhr.e., amd$v Ama.nr., {VS>Ho$ {n.or. H$mi~m S>o S>r.Eg., Sw>~o Eg.E_., amr>mos> Ho$.Eg., JìhmUo Oo.S>r., JìhmUo ~r.eg., H$m ~io E.E_., `m Zr {ÛVr` H«$_m H$ àmá Ho$bm. kmzxrn /124

125 Am Va _hm{dúmbrz g Q>a PmoZ Imo-Imo ñny}v Ho$ Ho$ _hm{dúmb` _mzdv `owo gh^mj. 9. Am Va _hm{dúmbrz S>r PmoZ H$~È>r ñny}v `mojmz X _hm{dúmb`, dg_v `owo gh^mj. 10. ñdm_r am_mz X VrW _amr>dms>m {dúmnrr>, Zm XoS> d V m o î U r d m b _ h m { d Ú m b `, g o Z J m d ` m À ` m g ` w º $ {dú_mzo S> PmoZ {H«$Ho$Q> ñny}mo {X gßq> ~a 2015 Am`moOZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo. 11.ñdm_r am_mz X VrW _amr>dms>m {dúmnrr>, Zm XoS> `m g K m V A í d _ o Y S > m. ~ m ~ m g m h o ~ Am ~os>h$a `owo Pmboë`m _ XmZr ñny}v ndma Or.ìhr. `mzo gh^mj Zm X{dbm. 12. ñdm.am.vr._. {dúmnrr>, Zm XoS> `m À`m dvrzo \w$q>~m b _Ü`o H$moMtJ H $ån gmr>r JwS>_wbdma àh$me `m Mr {ZdS> Pmbr Am JñQ> {H«$S>m {XZ gmoam H$aÊ`mV Ambm. H${Zð> _hm{dúmb` 1. embo` {H«$S>m ñnym VmbwH$m ñvar` {H«$Ho$Q> ñny}mo A m ` m o O Z ` m d f m V V m o î U r d m b _hm{dúmb`mv H$aÊ`mV Ambo. 2. embo` {H«$S>m ñnym VmbwH$m ñvar` _ XmZr ñny}mo A m ` m o O Z ` m d f m V V m o î U r d m b _hm{dúmb`mv H$aÊ`mV Ambo. 3. embo` {H«$S>m ñnym VmbwH$mñVar` ñny}v 19 df d`mojq>mv Hw$ñVr ñny}v ~ XwHo$ gwh$am_ ~iram_ 50 Ho$.Or. àw_ H«$_m H$, amhq>o Xm_moXa ~~Zamd 60 Ho$.Or. àw_ H«$_m H$ {OëhmñVar` embo` {H«$S>m ñny}v gh^mj Zm Xdrbm. 4. embo` {H«$S>m ñnym VmbwH$m ñvar` {H«$Ho$Q> ñny}v àw_ H«$_m H$ 19 df d`mojq>mv àmá Ho$bm. `m_ü`o {VS>Ho$ gm a^, MìhmU {dîuw, dmur A_mob, H$mOJw S>o F${fHo$e, _moao am_, {VS>Ho$ {ZVrZ, ~ YwHo$ gwiam_, h m H o $ ` m o J o e, n V J o g w a O, J ì h m U o { X n H $, d m K Aï>{dZm`H$, dmuios>o gwao, JmT>do A_mob, _hmoz A{dZme, Xoe_wI ndz `m Mm g KmV gh^mj hmovm. 5. e m b o ` { H «$ S > m { O ë h m ñ V a r ` { H «$ H o $ Q > ñ n Y } V Odim~mOma `owo àw_ H«$_m H$ àmá Ho$bm. 6. embò {H«$S>m {d^mjr` {H«$Ho$Q> ñny}v Am a Jm~mX `owo gh^mj Zm X{dbm. 7. embò {H«$S>m ñny}v 19 df d`mojq>mv VmbwH$m ñvar` Imo-Imo ñny}v àw_ H«$_m H$ àmá Ho$bm. `m g KmV a m h Q > o { d O `, I X m a o _ J o e, { V S > H o $ g m a ^, P m S > o A_mob,Im S>oH$a AO`, dmzios>o gm a^, Xoe_wI ndz, nx²_n o Aê$U, ~mh$io H $îum, d Ú {Xbrn, H$m ~io _Zrf, T>mH$Uo _ Joe `m Mm `m g KmV gh^mj hmovm. embo` {H«$S>m {OëhmñVar` Imo-Imo ñny}v dg_v `owo gh^mj. 8. embo` {H«$S>m ñny}v VmbwH$m ñvar` _ XmZr ñny}v _ w b r _ Ü ` o { _ a m V S > g, C M C S > r, ^ m b m \ o $ H $, Wmir\o$H$, àw_ H«$_m H$., gw{zvm YZJa 400 _r., _ r. à W _., J m ` H $ d m S > { X n m b r _r.{ûvr`, ^mbm \o$h$ {ÛVr`. _wbo : JmoHw$i AmS>o 200 _r. àw_, Wmir\o$H$ {Vhoar CS>r àw_, _hmoz A{dZme bm ~CS>r àw_, ^mbm \o$h$ {ÛVr`, C MCS>r àw_, nx²_n o Aê$U ^mbm \o$h$ àw_, h _a W«mo àw_, eo.omho$a eo. _ Owa 110 h S> a àw_ 4 x 100 [abo AmS>o JmoHw$i MìhmU {dîuw, dmh$io H $îum, _moao am_, _{Zf T>mH$Uo àw_ 4 x 400 [abo, H$m ~io _{Zf nx²_n o, Aê$U _{Zf T>mH$Uo, e. OmH$sa. 9. {OëhmñVar` embò {H«$S>m _ XmZr ñny}v AmS>o JmoHw$i 200 _r {ÛVr` Vrhoar CS>r àw_, Wmir {ÛVr`, _hmoz A{dZme C MCS>r àw_, bm ~ CS>r {ÛVr`, Hw$. {_am VS>g C M CS>r àw_, ^mbm àw_, Wmbr àw_, Hw$. YZJa gw{zvm 400 _r YmdUo V Vr`, nx²_n r Aê$U ^mbm àw_, h _a W«mo {ÛVr`, 4 x 400 [abo AmS>o JmoHw$i MìhmU {dîuw, dmh$io H $îum, _moao am_, _{Zf T>mH$Uo àw_ 4 x 400 [abo, H$m ~io kmzxrn /125

126 _{Zf nx²_n o, Aê$U _{Zf T>mH$Uo, e. OmH$sa. 10. {d^mjr` embo` {H«$S>m _ XmZr ñny}v darb gdmªzr `eñdr gh^mj Zm Xdbm. 11. {d^mjr` embo` {H«$S>m OmbZm `owo {H«$S>m H$m`m b` `m Zr KoVboë`m {d^mjr` ñny}v Hw$.{_am VS>g C M Am Va _hm{dúmb`rz S>r PmoZ {H«$Ho$Q> ñny}v àw_ H«$_m H$ àmá IoimSy> 1. YmoVao _hmxod nm Sy>a J 2. Iob~mS>o kmzoída _m{uh$amd 3. H$m` Xo {XnH$ àëhmxamd 4. gmozwio gwymh$a JmoqdX 5. qexo XodrXmg {dídzmw 6. Jwamio Amdoe Jmo {dxamd CS>r `m àh$mamv àw_ H«$_m H$ àmá Ho$bm. 12. amá`ñvar` embò {H«$S>m Bñbm_nwa `owo _ XmZr {H«$S>m àh$mamvrb C M CS>r _Ü`o Hw$. _ram VS>g `m Zr gh^mj Zm Xdbm. H«$sS>m {d^mj JwUd V {dúmwu `mxr 7. H$mgma A ~mxmg amkmoor 8. JìhmUo ^mjdv e H$a 9. JìhmUo KZí`m_ XÎmamd 10. Xoe_wI g{mz O`d Vamd 11. Xoe_wI d ^d am_amd 12. S>m Ja ^mjdv _hmxod Am Va _hm{dúmb`rz _ XmZr S>r PmoZ {H«$Ho$Q> ñny}v H«$_m H$ àmá IoimSy> 1. ndma {namor {dídzmw - A WoboQ>rŠg 400, 800 d 1500 _r. _Ü`o àw_ 2. dmzao {dh$mg am_or - h _a W«mo _Ü`o àw_ 3. Am_ZoaH$a amoez amoy - bm ~ CS>r d 100 _r. _Ü`o àw_ 4. YmoVao _hmxod nm Sw>a J - h _a W«mo _Ü`o {ÛVr` 5. _Ja A{Zb ½`mZ~mamd - Wmir \o$h$ _Ü`o {ÛVr` 6. Jm`H$dmS> g{mz JOmZZamd - Jmoim \o$h$ _Ü`o {ÛVr` 7. {VS>Ho$ ^mjdv _hmxod - 800, 1500 _r. _Ü`o {ÛVr` Am Va _hm{dúmb`rz S>r PmoZ Imo-Imo> ñny}v H«$_m H$ àmá IoimSy> 1. PmS>o S>r.Q>r. 4. JìhmUo Or.S>r. 7. gwvma Or.nr. 2. H$moaS>o ìhr.or. 5. KZKmd Eg.~r. 8. amhq>o S>r.EM. 3. JìhmUo ~r.eg. 6. S>m Ja ~r.e_. 9. nr>mu Oo.EZ. embo` {d^mjr` ñny}v H«$_m H$ àmá {dúmwu 1. Hw$. {_am XÎmamd VS>g - C M CS>r _Ü`o àw_ 2. nx²_n r Aê$U ~mbmor - 4 x 400 [abo _Ü`o {ÛVr` 3. Xoe_wI A_a gw Xaamd - 4 x 400 [abo _Ü`o {ÛVr` 4. hami amhþb Iwembamd - 4 x 400 [abo _Ü`o {ÛVr` 5. eo. OmHo$a eo. _Owa - 4 x 400 [abo _Ü`o {ÛVr` 13. ~moamih$a AmH$me M ÐH$m V 14. dmh$io à{ve {Za OZ 15. gw_ma JUoe nagam_ 16. nmohh$a kmzoída {Zd Îmr 10. Q>mbo E.E. 11. I Xmao nr.e_. 12. gmozwio Eg.Or. kmzxrn /126

127 Am Va _hm{dúmb`rz ñny}_ü`o {dúmnrr>mvyz H«$_m H$ àmá IoimSy> d {dúmnrr>mmo ZoV Ëd Ho$bobo IoimSy> 1. eo.a_mz eo. gbr_ - \w$i g 2. ndma {namor {dídzmw - A Wobo{Q>Šg d H«$m g H $Q >r 3. dmzao {dh$m_ am_or - h _a W«mo {dúmnrr>mvyz àw_ 4. YmoVao _hmxod nm Sw>a J - h _a W«mo {dúmnmr>mvyz {ÛVr` 5. Hw$.VS>g {_am XÎmamd - C M CS>r _Ü`o amá`ñvar` ñny}v gh^mj Hw$ñVr ñny}v S>r PmoZ Am Va _hm{dúmb`rz ñny}vrb IoimSy> 1. _mnmar AemoH$ ^mjdv - àw_ 60 {H$bmo 2. S>m Ja ^mjdv _hmxod - {ÛVr` 50 {H$bmo 3. amhmq>o gmonmz A Hw$e - {ÛVr` 66 {H$bmo amï >r` godm `moozm {d^mjmvrb {dúmwu 1. am_q>oh$ `owrb amï >r` godm `moozmà`m amï >r` {e~ramv gh^mj - {VS>Ho$ {Zboe {dç>bamd 2. ZmJnwa `owrb AmìhmZ _Ü`o gh^mj ( 07 OwZ Vo 16 OwZ) 1. Xoe_wI d ^d am_amd 2. {VS>Ho$ {Zboe {dç>bamd 3. Hw$. H$moaS>o {evb XeaW 4. Hw$. _hmoz nwom JOmZZ _hm{dúmb`mvrb {d{dy emiovrb JwUd V {dúmwu H${Zð> _hm{dúmb` : 12 dr H$bm emim 1. Hw$. I Xmao Amem ~m~wamd - àw_ 2. Hw$.bm S>Jo Ðm nxr {dídzmw - {ÛVr` 3. Hw$.nmohH$a é»_rzr _myd - V Vr` H${Zð> _hm{dúmb` : 12 dr {dkmz emim 1. Hw$. VmoîUrdmb am{yh$m AemoH$Hw$_ma - àw_ 2. Hw$. Zdmi M Mb M Xwbmb - {ÛVr` 3. Hw$. eoi A Ow_ d{hx - V Vr` 12 dr H$bm dm{uá` emim 1. Hw$. ^wao ñdmvr H $bmg - àw_ 2. Hw$. Ym_Uo nwînm Obr {eamor - {ÛVr` 3. Hw$. Km JS>o ñdmvr {dç>b - V Vr` 4. Hw$. {Vdmar nwz_ {~«O_mohZ - V Vr` {df`mv àw_ 1. Sw>~o àw_oe Zmam`U àw_ - _amr>r {df` ~moés>o n H$O J JmYd àw_ - _amr>r {df` 2. ~moams>o ew^_ e H$a àw_ - B J«Or {df` kmzxrn /127

128 àm.`w.nr. gwnmao (gm ñh ${VH$ {d^mj à_wi) A h dm b gm ñh ${VH$ {d^mj 1) g V Zm_Xod _hmamo nwê`{vwr {X. 24 Owb 2014 amoor _hm{dúmb`mv g V Z m _ X o d _ h m a m O n w Ê ` { V W r _ m o R > ç m C Ë g m h m V g m O a r H$aÊ`mV Ambr, Ë`mM {Xder "kmzxrn' dm{f H$ A H$ 2014 `m A H$mMo {d_momz gwà{güx gm{hë`rh$ àm. {dbmg d Ú d Ooð> H$mX ~arh$ma lr. AemoH$ AYm nyah$a, h.^.n. Amgmam hmamo IwS>OH$a `m À`m hñvo H$aÊ`mV Ambo. Ë`mM {Xder ^mfm dml²_` _ S>imMo CX²KmQ>Zhr _mý`dam À`m CnpñWV H$aÊ`mV Ambo. H$m` H«$_mMo AÜ`j åhuwz àmmm` S>m.dS>Jwbo CnpñWV hmovo. H$m` H«$_mMo gwìg MmbZ S>m.gmd V `m Zr Ho$bo. Am^ma àm.iwngo `m Zr _ m Z b o. ` m H $ m ` H «$ _ m g m R > r _ h m { d Ú m b ` r Z à m Ü ` m n H $ {dúmwu d H$_ Mmard X _mor>çm à_mumv CnpñWV hmovo. 2) bmoh$_mý` {Q>iH$ nwê`{vwr d AÊUm^mD$ gmr>o O` Vr gmoar { X. 1 A m J ï > a m o O r _ h m { d Ú m b ` m V bmoh$_mý` {Q>iH$ nwê`{vwr d AÊUm^mD$ gmr>o O` Vr gmoar H$aÊ`mV Ambr. `m H$m` H«$_mMo à_wi nmhþuo åhuwz _m.gan M g O` dmk_mao d _XZ H$m ~io CnpñWV hmovo. AÜ`jñWmZr àmmm` S>m.dS>Jwbo ho hmovo. bmoh$_mý` {Q>iH$ `m À`m OrdZM[aÌmda àm. AmgoJm dh$a `m Zr Amnbo {dmma ì`º$ Ho$bo. Va AÊUm^mD$ gmr>o `m À`m dml²_`rz H$m`m da àmü`mnh$ gwnmao `w.nr. `m Zr àh$me Q>mH$bm. `m H$m` H«$_mMo gwìg MmbZ àm.\$s> `m Zr Ho$bo, Va Am^ma àm.s>m.nob `m Zr _mzbo. 3) ñdmv Í` {XZ CËgmhmV gmoam {X. 15 Am Jï> 2014 amoor _hm{dúmb`m _Ü`o àmmm` S>m.dS>Jwbo `m À`m hñvo ÜdOmamohZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo. `m àg Jr {dúmï`mªh$sy>z ^º$sJrV, ^mdjrv, Xoe^º$sna J r V o B Ë ` m X r ñ n Y m ª M o A m ` m o O Z H $ a Ê ` m V A m b o h m o V o. H$m` H«$_mgmR>r _hm{dúmb`rz àmü`mnh$d X _mor>çm g»`ozo CnpñWV hmovo. 4) _amr>dms>m _wº$s{xz gmoam { X. 1 7 g ß Q > ~ a > a m o O r _ h m { d Ú m b ` m V _amr>dms>m _wº$s{xz gmoam H$aÊ`mV Ambm. `m àg Jr H$m` H«$_mMo à_wi nmhþuo åhuwz àm.a ^moao E.Or. CnpñWV hmovo. AÜ`jñWmZr àmmm` S>m.dS>Jwbo hmovo. `mdoir à_wi nmhþuo àm.a ^moao `m Zr _amr>dms>m _wº$s{xzmmo _hîd d ñdm_r am_mz W VrW `m À`m H$m`m Mr _mhrvr {dúmï`mªzm {Xbr. H$m` H«$_mMo gwìg MmbZ àm.\$s> `m Zr Ho$bo Va Am^ma àm.jmoao `m Zr _mzbo. 5) _hmë_m Jm Yr O` Vr gmoar {X. 2 Am ŠQ>mo~a 2014 amoor _hmë_m Jm Yr `m Mr O` Vr CËgmhmV gmoar H$aÊ`mV Ambr. à_wi nmhþuo åhuyz àm. KZ CnpñWV hmovo. Va H$m` H«$_mMo AÜ`j åhuwz àmmm` S>m.dS>Jwbo CnpñWV hmovo. H$m` H«$_mMo gwìg MbZ àm.iwngo `m Zr Ho$bo Va Am^ma àm.\$s> `m Zr _ m Z b o. H $ m ` H «$ _ m g m R > r _ h m { d Ú m b ` r Z à m Ü ` m n H $ d kmzxrn /128

129 H$_ Mmar d X, [dúmwu _mor>çm g»`ozo CnpñWV hmovo. 6) n [S>V Odmhabmb Zohê$ O` Vr gmoar {X. 14 Zmoìh ~a 2014 amoor ^mavmmo n{hbo n VàYmZ n [S>V Zohê$ `m Mr O` Vr gmoar H$aÊ`mV Ambr. `m H$m` H«$_mMo à_wi nmhþuo åhuwz àm.s>m.dmk CnpñWV hmovo. `m H$m` H«$_mMo AÜ`j åhuwz àmmm` S>m.dS>Jwbo CnpñWV hmovo. `m àg Jr à_wi nmhþê`m Zr n {S>V Zohé `m À`m OrdZH$m`m Mr _m{hvr [dúmï`mªzm {Xbr. H$m` H«$_mMo gwìg MmbZ S>m.gmd V `m Zr Ho$bo, Va Am^ma àm.jmoao `m Zr _ m Z b o. H $ m ` H «$ _ m b m _ h m { d Ú m b ` m V r b à m Ü ` m n H $ d H$_ Mmar, {dúmwu _mor>çm g»`ozo CnpñWV hmovo. 7) _hmë_m \w$bo nwê`{vwr gmoar {X. 28 Zmoìh ~a 2014 amoor _hm{dúmb`mv _.\w$bo nwê`{vwr gmoar H$aÊ`mV Ambr. à_wi nmhþuo åhuwz àm.xogmb nr.~r. ho CnpñWV hmovo. Va H$m` H«$_mÀ`m AÜ`jñWmZr àmmm` S>m.dS>Jwbo ho hmovo. _. \w$bo `m À`m OrdZH$m`m Mm AmT>mdm àm.xogmb `m Zr KoVbm. H$m` H«$_mMo gwìg MmbZ àm.iwngo `m Zr Ho$bo. Va Am^ma àm.nob `m Zr _ m Z b o. H $ m ` H «$ _ m g m R > r _ m o R > ç m g» ` o Z o { d Ú m W u d àmü`mnh$d X CnpñWV hmovo. 8) OmJ{VH$ ES²>g {Z_w bz {XZ gmoam { X. 1 { S > g ~ a a m o O r _ h m { d Ú m b ` m V OmJ{VH$ ES²>g {Z_w bz {XZ gmoam H$aÊ`mV Ambm. gozjm d ehamv {dúmï`mªzr a br H$mTy>Z "ES²>g' amojm {df`r OZOmJ Vr _mohr_ am~{dê`mv Ambr. ES²>g `m ^`mzh$ amojmda àm.s>m.nob, S>m.AJ«dmb `m Zr {dúmï`mªzm _m{hvr {Xbr. H$m` H«$_mÀ`m AÜ`jñWmZr àmmm` S>m.dS>Jwbo CnpñWV hmovo.va Am^ma àm.a ^moao `m Zr _mzbo. a br_ü`o _hm{dúmb`mvrb {dúmwu, àmü`mnh$ d H$_ Mmar _mor>çm à_mumda gh^mjr Pmbo hmovo. 9) g V JmS>Jo~m~m nwê`{vwr gmoar {X. 20 {S>g ~a 2014 amoor _hm{dúmb`mv g V JmS>Jo~m~m nwê`{vwr gmoar H$aÊ`mV Ambr. H$m` H«$_mMo à_wi nmhþuo åhuwz àm.gwnmao `w.nr. ho CnpñWV hmovo. Va H$m` H«$_mÀ`m AÜ`jñWmZr àmmm` S>m.dS>Jwbo ho hmovo. `màg Jr g VJmS>Jo~m~m `m À`m OrdZH$m`m Mm d g_mo OmJ VrMm g{dñva AmT>mdm KoÊ`mV Ambm. H$m` H«$_mMo gwìg MmbZ S>m.dmK `m Zr Ho$bo. Va Am^ma àm.s>m.gmd V ` m Z r _ m Z b o. H $ m ` H «$ _ m g m R > r _ m o R > ç m g» ` o Z o àmü`mnh$d X,H$_ Mmar d {dúmwu CnpñWV hmovo. 10) gm{dìr~mb \w$bo OÝ_{XZ gmoam {X. 3 OmZodmar 2015 amoor _hm{dúmb`m_ü`o H«$m VrÁ`moV gm{dìr~mb \w$bo OÝ_{XZ gmoam H$aÊ`mV A m b m. H $ m ` H «$ _ m À ` m A Ü ` j ñ W m Z r à m M m ` S > m. E g. E _. d S > J w b o C n p ñ W V h m o V o. V a à _ w I n m h þ U o àm.nr.ho$. KZ `m Mr CnpñWVr hmovr. `mdoir gm{dìr~mb \w$bo `m À`m OrdZH$m`m Mm AmT>mdm KoVbm. H$m` H«$_mMo gwìg MmbZ àm.s>m.eg.ama.nob `m Zr Ho$bo. Va Am^ma àm.iwngo `m Zr _mzbo. H$m` H«$_mgmR>r àmü`mnh$d X d {dúmwu _mor>çm g»`ozo CnpñWV hmovo. 11) ñdm_r {ddoh$mz X O` Vr gmoar {X. 12 OmZodmar 2015 amoor ñdm_r {ddooh$mz X `m Mr O` Vr gmoar H$aÊ`mV Ambr. `m H$m` H«$_mMo à_wi nmhþuo åhuwz àm.amgojmdh$a hmovo Va AÜ`jñWmZr àmmm` S>m.Eg.E_.dS>Jwbo CnpñWV hmovo. H$m` H«$_mMo gwìg MmbZ àm.àm.iwngo `m Zr Ho$bo. Va Am^ma àm.\$s> `m Zr _mzbo. H$m` H«$_mbm {dúmwu d àmü`mnh$d X _mor>çm g»`ozo CnpñWV hmovo. 12) àomgîmmh$ {XZ gmoam {X. 26 OmZodmar 2015 amoor _hm{dúmb`mv àomgîmmh$ {XZ _mor>çm CËgmhmV gmoam H$aÊ`mV Ambm. à m M m ` S > m. E g. E _. d S > J w b o ` m À ` m h ñ V o Ü d O m a m o h Z H$aÊ`mV Ambo. `màg Jr àm. A ^moao `m Zr {dúmï`mªzm àomgîmmh$ {XZm~Ôb g{dñva _m{hvr {Xbr. {dúmï`mªzr kmzxrn /129

130 gwüxm Amnbo g_w{mv {dmma ì`º$ Ho$bo. 13) N>.{edmOr _hmamo O` Vr gmoar {X.19 \o$~«wdmar 2015 amoor N>.{edmOr _hmamo `m Mr O` Vr _hm{dúmb`m_ü`o gmoar H$aÊ`mV Ambr. H $ m ` H «$ _ m M o à _ w I n m h þ U o à m. E. O r. A ^ m o a o h m o V o V a AÜ`jñWmZr àmmm` S>m.dS>Jwbo CnpñWV hmovo. àm.a ^moao `m Zr N>. {edmor _hmamo `m À`m OrdZM[aÌmMm g{dñva AmT>mdm KoVbm.H$m` H«$_mMo gwì g MmbZ àm.s>m.nob `m Zr Ho$bo. Va Am^ma àm.zdr>muh$a `m Zr _mzbo. H$m` H«$_mbm àmü`mnh$d X d H$_ Mmar dj CnpñWV hmovo. 13) _amr>r amo^mfm{xz gmoam {X.27 \o$~«wdmar 2015 amoor H$drd` Hw$gy_mJ«O `m Mm OÝ_{XZ _amr>r amo^mfm {XZ åhuwz gmoam H$aÊ`mV `ovmo. _hm{dúmb`mv _amr>r amo^mfm {XZ gmoam H$aÊ`mV Ambm.H$m` H«$_mÀ`m AÜ`jñWmZr àmmm` S>m.dS>Jwbo CnpñWV hmovo. Va à_wi nmhþuo åhuyz àm. Iwngo hmovo. `m àg Jr "_amr>r ^mfmmo _hîd Am{U Amdí`H$Vm' `m { d f ` m d a à m. I w n g o ` m Z r A m n b o { d M m a ì ` º $ H o $ b o. H$m` H«$_mMo gwì g MmbZ àm.\$s> `m Zr Ho$bo. Va Am^ma àm.s>m.gmd V `m Zr _mzbo. H$m` H«$_mbm àmü`mnh$d X d {dúmwu _mor>çm g»`ozo CnpñWV hmovo. 14) `ed Vamd MìhmU OÝ_{XZ gmoam {X.12 _mm 2015 amoor _hmamï >mmo n{hbo _w»`_ Ìr `ed Vamd MìhmU `m Mm OÝ_{XZ _hm{dúmb`mv gmoam H $ a Ê ` m V A m b m. ` m H $ m ` H «$ _ m M o à _ w I n m h þ U o å h U w Z àm.s>m.dmk hmovo Va AÜ`jñWmZr àmmm` S>m.dS>Jwbo CnpñWV hmovo. `ed Vamd MìhmU `m À`m OrdZ H$m`m da àm.s>m.dmk `m Zr g{dñva {dmma ì`º$ Ho$bo. Va àmmm` S>m.dS>Jwbo `m Zr `ed Vamd MìhmU `m À`m {OdZmVrb à_wi AmR>dUr gm {JVë`m. H$m` H«$_mMo gwìg MmbZ àm. S>m.gmd V `m Zr Ho$bo. Va Am^ma àm. Jmoao `m Zr _mzbo. H$m` H«$_mbm àmü`mnh$ d X d {dúmwu CnpñWV hmovo. kmzxrn /130

131 àm.s>r.eg. YmadmS>H$a àm.s>m.eg.ama. nob (amgo`mo, H$m` H«$_m{YH$mar) A h dm b jk Vªh; lsok ;kstuk fohkkxkrqsz fnukad 17 twu 2014 jksth lyykxkj lferhph csbd?ks.;kr vkyh- v/;{kinh izkpk;z MkW- omxqys,l-,e- gs gksrs- csbdhr o kkzrhy fofo/k dk;zdzekps fu;kstu dj.;kr vkys- lyykxkj lferhp;k lfpoinh izk- / kkjokmdj Mh-,l- o lglfpoinh izk-mkw- itbz,l- vkj- ;kaph fuom dj.;kr vkyh- lnl; e/;s izk-mkw- vxzoky,l-,l] izk- xk;dokm ch-ts-] izk- [kqils] MkW- f kans Ogh-Mh-] izk- dsanzs Vh- ;q] MkW- Vkijs,l-Mh- Jh xqatdj] Jh Hkkysjko] Jh?kks khj o fo kfkhz miflfkr gksrsfn- 22 twu 2014 jksth ijrokjhp;k fuferrkus ulhz ukenso ;sfks iksyhl fe= Eg.kwu jkls-;ks-p;k fo kf;kzauh Lo;alsod Eg.kwu fje>he ikolkr fhktr okjdú;kauk enr d:u okgrwdhps fu;a=.k dsys- iksyhl fujh{kd Jh Qqy>Gds lkgsc ;kauh eqykaps dksrwd dsysfnukad 26 twu 2014 jksth egkfo ky;kr jktjh kkgw egkjkt t;arh lkekftd U;k; fnu Eg.kwu lktjh dj.;kr vkyh- rlsp vkirrh O;oLFkkiu d{kkph ns[khy LFkkiuk dj.;kr vkyh- ;k dk;zdzekyk egkfo ky;kps izkpk;z MkW- omxqys,l-,e- gs gksrs- dkezdze ; kloh dj.;klkbh,u-,l-,l-p;k fo kf;kzauh ijhje?ksrys- izlaxh izkpk;z amï >r` godm `moozm o dk;zdzekf/kdkú;kuh fo kf;kzauk ekxzn kzu dsysfnukad 07 tqys 2014 jksth egkfo ky;krhy fo kf;kzauh ^o`{kkjksiu* egkfo ky;hu ijhljkr dsys ;k izlaxh izlaxh egkfo ky;kps izkpk;z o dk;zøekf/ kdkjh] jk-ls-;ks- fohkkxkps fo kfkhz miflfkr gksrsfnukad 23 tqys ;k fno kh **ou lao/kzu fnuk** fufer; egkfo ky;ke/;s jk Vªh; lsok ;kstusp;k orhus dk;zdze?ks.;kr vkyk o egkfo ky;hu ijhljkrhy >kmkaph fuxk o ijhlj LoPNrk dj.;kr vkyh- rlsp ^yksdeku; fvgd t;arh lktjh dj.;kr vkyh- ;k dk;zdzekps v/;{k izk-mkw- Hkkysjko th- ihgs gksrs rj izeq[k ikgq.ks Eg.kwu izk- MkW- itbz,lvkj- miflfkr gksrs- dk;zøe ;'kloh dj.;klkbh jk-ls-;ks- ps Lo;alsod ;kauh ifjje?ksrysfnukad 01 vkwxlv jksth yksdeku; fvgd iq.;frfkh o v..kkhkkå lkbs t;arh lktjh dj.;kr vkyh- dk;zdzekp;k v/;{kinh egkfo ky;kps izkpk;z MkW-,l-,e- omxqys gs gksrs- ;k izlaxh fo kf;kzph Hkk k.ks >kyh- ;kizlaxh f k{kd o f k{kdsrrj dezpkjh miflfkr gksrsfnukad 09 vkwxlv jksth egkfo ky;kr 'dzkarh fnu* lktjk dj.;kr vkyk ;k izlaxh egkfo ky;kps izkpk;z MkW-,l-,e- omxqys] izk-,-th-vahkksjs ;kauh ekxzn kzu dsys- ;k dk;zdzekyk loz f k{kd o kmzxrn /131

132 f k{kdsrrj dezpkjh] o jk-ls-;ks-ps fo kfkhz miflfkr gksrsfnukad 20 vkwxlv ;k fno kh 'lnhkkouk fnol* lktjk dj.;kr vkyk- ln~hkkouk fnolkps egro o mfn Vs ;koj ekxzn kzu dj.;kr vkys- ;kp fnolkiklwu ''lkekthd,d; ia/kjokmk** lktjk dj.;kr vkyk-,u-,l-,l-p;k dkgh fo kf;kzauh [ksms xkokr tkowu ln~hkkouk tkx r dsyh- ;k ia/kjokm;kr,u-,l-,l-p;k fo kf;kzauh LoPNrk jwyhps ns[khy vk;kstu dsys gksrs- gk dk;zdze ; kloh dj.;klkbh jk-ls-;ks-ps dk;zdzekf/kdkjh o izk/;kid ;kauh Je?ksrysfnukad 21 vkwxlv jksth lsuxkao ;sfkwu togp vlysy;k edksmh ;k xkoh tkowu lkekftd Lo;aikd?kj o xkze LoPNrk vfhk;ku ;k ;kstusph ekfgrh jk-ls-;ks- P;k lkr fo kf;kzauh fnyh- rlsp oler ;Fks ftygklrjh; ih-vkj-mh ijsm lkbh dq-'kkshkk f kans] dq- fovdjs jk/kk] ns keq[k oshko] Hkkysjko n kjfk ;kaph fuom dj.;kr vkyhfnukad 30 vkwxlv jksth lsuxkao ;sfkhy vwmfrmds vkj-,u- ;kauh jk-ls-;ks-p;k fo kf;kzauk jwxhax vwdv fo k;h eksykps ekxzn kzu dsys- ;k dk;zdzekyk egkfo ky;krhy loz f k{kd o f k{kdsrrj dezpkjh rlsp fo kfkhz eksb;k izek.kkr miflfkr gksrsfnukad 5 livsacj jksth ^f k{kd fnukfuehrr* osxosxgs dk;zdze?ks.;kr vkys dk;zdzekp;k v/;{kinh izkpk;z MkW-,l-,e- omxqys miflfkr gksrs- ;k izlaxh,p-mh-,q-lh- 'kk[kk fgaxksyhps eq[;kf/kdkjh Jh vksadkjukfk flag] Jh lat; HkqtcG o iksyhl fujh{kd Jh Qqy>Gds lkgsc gs miflfkr gksrsfnukad 8 livsacj rs 14 livsacj ;k dkyko/ khr lk{kjrsps /kms fo kf;kzauh xkokrhy yksdkauk fnys- lk{kjrsps egro lq/nk fo kf;kzauh ukxfjdkauk ivowu fnysfnukad 17 livsacj jksth jk-ls-;ks-p;k orhus Lokeh jkekuan rhfkz ;kaps ejkbokmk eqdrh laxzkekrhy ;ksxnku ;k fo k;koj oñro Li/kkZ?ks.;kr vkyhizfke] fonrh;] r`rh; fo kf;kzauk cf{kl ns.;kr vkysfnukad 24 livsacj jksth ^^jk Vªh; lsok ;kstuk fnu** fufer; egkfo ky;kr fo kf;kzaps vkjksx; rikl.kh dj.;kr vkyh- ;k dk;zdzekyk MkW- fohkqrokj] MkW- lrh k ns keq[k] MkW- rks.khoky] MkW- csaxkg] MkWxksjs o MkW- lks- xksjs ewme] MkW- lks-ns keq[k ewme ;kauh fo kf;kzaph vkjksx; rikl.kh dsyh o ifjlj LoPNrk vkf.k fujksxh vkjksx; lca/kh ekxzn kzu dsys- ;k dk;zdzekyk jk-ls-;ks-ps dk;zdzekf/kdkjh o jk-ls-;ks-ps fo kfkhz] fo kfkhzuhuh lghkkxh >kys gksrsfnukad 24 livsacj rs 02 vkdvksacj jksth ^^jk Vªh; lsok ;kstuk dk;z izfl/nh lirkgk** fufer; fofo/k dk;zdzekps vk;kstu dj.;kr vkysfnukad 27 livsacj jksth fo/kkulhkk fuom.kqdhp;k vuq kaxkus iksyhl canksclrklkbh egkfo ky;kp;k 30 fo kf;kzaph fuom dj.;kr vkyhfn- 01 vkdvkscj 2014 ^jk Vªh; jdrnku fnol* gk dk;zdze?ks.;kr vkyk- dk;zdzekps v/;{k MkW- omxqys,l-,e- miflfkr gksrs- ;k izlaxh izkvklsxkodj dsykl ;kauh jdrnkukps egro fo kn dsysfn- 02 vkdvkscj 2014 ^xka/kh t;arh*p;k dk;zdzekps vk;kstu dj.;kr vkys lnjhy fnol vkarjjk Vªh; vfgalk fnol* Eg.kwu ikg.;kr vkykdk;zdzekps v/;{k MkW- omxqys,l-,e- gksrs rj MkWdqyd.khZ ;kauh egkrek xka/khps dk;z ;koj izdk k kmzxrn /132

133 Vkdyk- dk;zdzekps lq=lapyu izk- QM lat; ;kauh dsys rj vkhkkj MkW- f kans Ogh-Mh- ;kauh dsys- egkfo ky;krhy jk-ls-;ks-p;k orhus ^ernkj tu tkx`rh fnamh* ps vk;kstu dj.;kr vkys ;k izlaxh 200 fo kf;kzauh vkiyk lghkkx uksanfoyk- ih-vkj-mh- ijsm oler ;sfks nksu fo kfkhz o nksu fo kfkhzuhph fuom dj.;kr vkyh- fnukad 19 uksogsacj rs 25 uksogsacj '''dkseh,drk lirkg'' lktjk dj.;kr vkyk- ;k dkyko/khr Jenku dj.ks] ifjlj LoPNrk dj.ks ;klkj[ks dk;zdze?ks.;kr vkys- ;k dkyko/khr izkpk;z MkW- omxqys,l-,e- o loz izk/;kidkap;k lk{khus ^ty tkx`rhph* izfrkk fo kf;kzauk ns.;kr vkyhfnukad 10 fmlsacj 2014 jksth tkxfrd ekuo vf/kdkj fnol Eg.kwu lktjk dj.;kr vkykdk;zdzekps v/;{k egkfo ky;kps izkpk;z MkW- omxqys,l-,e- gs gksrs- rj ekuo vf/kdkj ;k fo k;h MkWdqyd.khZ ;kauh fopkj ekamysfnukad 18 fmlsacj 2014 jksth ^vyila[;kd gdd fnu* ;k dk;zøkps vk;kstu dj.;kr vkys ;k dk;zdzekps v/;{k egkfo ky;kps izkpk;z MkW- omxqys,l-,e- gs gksrs- vyila[;kad gdd ;koj izk- /kkjokmdj fnid ;kauh fopkj ekamysfnukad 21 fmlsacj 2014 jksth rkyqdk fo/kh lferhonkjs fo kf;kzadjhrk fo/kh ekxzn kzu dj.;kr vkys ;k izlaxh lauxkao U;k;ky;kps ek- U;k;kf/k k Jh dqjs kh ;kaps rfkk odhy la?kkps v/;{k ds ko Hkkysjko ;kaps ekxzn kzu ykhkys- ;k dk;zdzekl egkfo ky;krhy 20 fo kf;kzauh lghkkx uksanfoykfnukad 22 fmlsacj 2014 jksth jdrnku f kchjkps vk;kstu dj.;kr vkys- xq: xksfoanflaxth jdris<h] ukansm ;kauh ;k izlaxh lgdk;z dsys- ;k izlaxh 53 jdrnkr;k fo kfkhz] izk/;kid] dezpkjh ;kauh lghkkx uksanfoykfnukad 24 rs 28 fmlascj 2014 ;k dkyko/ khr xaxk[ksm ;sfkhy ^;qod f kchjklkbh* nksu fo kf;kzaph fuom dj.;kr vkyhfnukad 12 tkusokjh 2015 jksth ^jk Vªh; ;qok fnu* Lokeh foosdkuan t;arh lktjh dj.;kr vkyh- ;k dk;zdzekps v/;{k egkfo ky;kps izkpk;z MkW- omxqys,l-,e- gksrs- rj izk- baxksys ch-mh- ;kauh Lokeh foosdkuankps ;qodklaca/khps fopkj Li V dsysfnukad 24 tkusokjh 2015 jksth iksfyvks tutkx`rh dk;zdzekps vk;kstu dj.;kr vkysdk;zøekp;k v/;{kinh egkfo ky;kps izkpk;z MkWoMxqys,l-,e- gksrs- rj dk;zdzekps izeq[k ikgq.ks izk-/kkjokmdj fnid gksrsam.go.`mo.mo {deof {e~rammo Am`moOZ fnukad 12@02@2015 rs 18@02@2015 ;k dkyko/khr eks- [kmdh rk- lsuxkao ft- fgaxksyh ;sfks jk Vªh; lsok ;kstusp;k orhus lkr fno kh; f kchjkps vk;kstu dj.;kr vkysljiap lks- yrkckbz [kq kkyjko gjkg] xzkelsod Jh eksjs Mh-,l- ;kap;k miflfkrhe/;s f'kchlfkgh fo kfkhz o xkodú;ka'kh ifjljkckcr o Jenkauklaca/ kh ppkz dj.;kr vkyhfnukad 13@02@2015 jksth f kchj LFkGh egkfo ky;kps izkpk;z MkW- omxqys,l-,e- ;kauh dk;zdzekps mn~?kkvu dsys- ;k izlaxh ljiap lksyrkckbz [kq kkyjko gjkg] xzkelsod Jh eksjs Mh-,l- o xkodjh miflfkr gksrsfnukad 14@02@2015 jksth eks- [kmdh ;sfks kmzxrn /133

134 ifjlj LoPNrk dj.;kr vkyh R;kuarj kks k [km~ms [k.k.;kl lq:okr dsyh- cksf/nd oxkze/;s izkxk;dokm rfkk izk- QM ;kaps ekxzn kzu ykhkyslk;adkgh lkald`frd dk;zdzekr larqd fiaijh ¼fgaxksyh½ ;sfkhy kkfgj ukenso fnids ;kauh izcks/kuij ukfvdk lknj dsyhfnukad 15@02@2015 jksth efgyk esgkok?ks.;kr vkyk- ;ke/;s MkW- vatyh Vkijs] MkW- jkekor] lks- dkarkckbz gjkg] lks- vfurk gjkg] dq- js[kk] nqxkz jkmr] ek/kqjh ok?kpksjs] dq- vfurk ;kauh lghkkx?ksryk- lk;adkgh eks- [kqmt ;sfkhy g-hk-i- vklkjke Mksaxj egkjkt ;kauh Hkk:Mkpk dk;zdze dsykfnukad 16@02@2015 jksth ijhlj LoPNrse/ ;s xkokl ik.kh iqjobk djukú;k fofgjhpk ifjlj LoPN dj.;kr vkyk- R;kuarj jkuvh >kms ¼cs kje½ fuewzyuklkbh iz;ru dj.;kr vkysfnukad 17@02@2015 jksth kks k [km~ms eksfge jkcfo.;kr vkyh rfkk xkodú;kap;k lel;k fo k;d ppkz dj.;kr vkyh- lk;adkgh lkald`frd dk;zdzekr Jh nknkjko f kans ;kauh lsanzh; ksrhpk dk;zdze izcks/ kukred Lo:ikr lknj dsyk- rks.khoky egkfo ky;krhy jk-ls-;ks-p;k fo kf;kzauh fofo/k xq.kn kzukpk dk;zdze lknj dsykfnukad 18@02@2015 jksth lekjksikp;k dk;zdzeklkbh v/;{k Eg.kwu Jh Qqy>Gds lkgsc iksfyl fujh{kd] lsuxkao o izeq[k ikgq.ks Eg.kwu Jh dkarkjko gjkg ¼ft-i-lnL;½ ykhkys O;klfiBkoj ljiap lks- yrkckbz gjkg rfkk xzkelsod Jh eksjs Mh-,l- miflfkr gksrslnjhy dk;zdzeklkbh jk-ls-;ks-ps dk;zdzek f/kdkjh MkW- itbz kadj o izk- /kkjokmdj fnid o jk-ls-;ks- fo kfkhz ;kauh ifjje?ksrys- kmzxrn /134

135 àm.viurh$a Eg.Or. H $Ð g MmbH$, `.M._._w.{d. A h dm b `ed Vamd MìhmU _hmamï > _wšv {dúmnrr>, Aä`mgH $Ð egkfo ky;kr ks{kf.kd o kz 2009 &10 iklwu ; koarjko pogk.k egkjk Vª eqdr fo kihb vh;kldsanz dk;zjr vlwu ;k vh;kldsanzkpk eq[; mn~ns k Eg.kts egkfo ky;kr fu;fer u ;så kd.kkú;k o uksdjh o O;olk; lkahkkgwu mpp f k{k.k?ksm bfpn.kkú;k fo kf;kzaalkbh egkfo ky;kr vh;kldsanzkekqzr iwozr;kjh] ch-,- izfke]fonrh;]r`fr; o kz gs vh;kldze pkyfoys tkrkr- rlsp ino;qrrj vh;kløe ¼ejkBh] fganh o baxzth½ miyc/k vkgsr- R;keqGs ;k ifjljkrhy xjtoar fo kf;kzauk ;k vh;kldsanzkpk [kwi eksbk Qk;nk gksr vkgs- vh;kldsanz la;kstd Eg.kwu izk-rg.khdj,l-thgs dke ikgrkràm.s>m.g{mz AJ«dmb àm.s>m.d O` Vr a_mdv dm{uá` {d^mj A h dm b E_.H$m _. (~ qh$j A ÝS> BÝewaÝg) nxì`wîma Aä`mgH«$_ ks{kf.kd o kz 2013&14 iklqu egkfo ky;kr xzkeh.k Hkkxkrhy xjhc vkf.k gksrd: fo kf;kzauk ino;qrrj f k{k.k?ksrk ;kos o cwafdax vkf.k bu kqjul ;k nksu lsok{ks=kps l[kksy Kku Ogkos- ;k n` Vhdks.kkrqu,e-dkWe- ¼cWafdax vwum bu kqjul½ vh;kldzekph lqfo/kk miyc/k vkgs- ;k vh;kldzeklkbh izfke o { Û V r ` o"kkzlkbh izos k{kerk fo kf;kzaph vkgs- kmzxrn /135

136 g V Zm_Xod _hmamo nwê`{vwr d "kmzxrn' dm{f H$ A H$mMo ( ) {d_momz gozjm d `owrb VmoîUrdmb H$bm, dm{uá` d {dkmz _hm{dúmb`mv {X. 24/7/2014 Jwédma amoor g V Zm_Xod _hmamo nwê`{vwr gmoar H$aÊ`mV Ambr. `m àg JmMo Am {MË` gmywz _hm{dúmb`mà`m "" kmzxrn'' `m dm{f H$ A H$mMo ( ) {d_momz _m.àm. {dbmg d Ú, _amr>r {d^mj à_wi, A m X e _ h m { d Ú m b `, q h J m o b r, _ m. A e m o H $ A Y m n w a H $ a, O o ð > _ a m R > r H $ m X ~ a r H $ m a, q h J m o b r d h.^.n. Amgmam hmamo ISw>OH$a `m À`m hñvo H$aÊ`mV Ambo. `mdoir àm. {dbmg d Ú `m Zr dm{f H$ A H$mMo _hîd d A H$mMo g_rjmë_h$ n[aju H$éZ ^mfm d g OZerb {bimzmmo _hîd {dfx Ho$bo. _m. AYm nyah$a `m Zr `m VrZ ^mfm _Yrb (_amr>r, qhxr, B J«Or) A H$mMo H$m VyH$ Ho$bo Va Amgmam hmamo I w S > O H $ a ` m Z r g V Z m _ X o d _ h m a m O m À ` m O r d Z M[aÌmda àh$me Q>mH$bm. H$m` H«$_mÀ`m AÜ`jñWmZr _hm{dúmb`mmo àmmm` S>m.Eg.E_.dS>Jwbo ho hmovo. ` m H $ m ` H «$ _ m g m R > r A H $ m À ` m g n m X H $ _ S > i m V r b à m. ` w. n r. g w n m a o g n m X H $, à m. S > r. O r. g m d V g h g n m X H $, à m. n r. H o $. K Z, S > m. E g. A m a. n O B, à m. A m a. E g. J m o a o, à m. E g. n r. I w n g o, à m. E. O r. A ^ m o a o, à m. A m a. ì h r. Z d J U H $ a, àm.q>r.`w.h $Ðo Am{U {dúmwu, {ejh$ d {ejho$îma H$_ Mmar CnpñWV hmovo. ^mfm d gm{hë` Aä`mg _ S>imMo ( ) CX²KmQ>Z gozjm d `owrb VmoîUrdmb H$bm, dm{uá` d {dkmz _hm{dúmb`mv {X. 24/7/2014 Jwédma amoor _hm{dúmb`mv ^mfm d gm{hë` ( _amr>r, qhxr, B J«Or ) Aä`mg _ S>imMo CX²KmQ>Z _m. àm. {dbmg d Ú, _amr>r {d^mj à_wi, AmXe _hm{dúmb`, q h J m o b r d _ m. A e m o H $ A Y m n w a H $ a, O o ð > _ a m R > r H$mX ~arh$ma, qhjmobr `m À`m hñvo g nþ Pmbo. `mdoir ^ m f m d g m { h Ë ` _ S > i ñ W m n Z H $ a Ê ` m M o _ h Î d _ m Ý ` d a m Z r g m { J V b o. H $ m ` H «$ _ m M o A Ü ` j _hm{dúmb`mmo àmmm` S>m.Eg.E_.dS>Jwbo ho hmovo. `m H$m` H«$_mgmR>r ^mfm d gm{hë` {d^mjmvrb àm. gwnmao `w.nr., àm. KZ nr.ho$., àm.jmoao Ama.Eg., àm. gmd V S>r.Or., àm. S>m. dmk ìhr.oo., d àm. S>m. Q > m n a o E. S > r., V g o M _ h m { d Ú m b ` m V r b { d Ú m W u, {ejh$ d {ejho$îma H$_ Mmar CnpñWV hmovo. kmzxrn /136

137 OmJ{VH$ _{hbm {XZ àm.s>m.e.s>r.q>mnao _amr>r {d^mj {X.10/3/2015 amoor _hm{dúmb`mv OmJ{VH$ _ { h b m { X d g g m O a m H $ a Ê ` m V A m b m. H $ m ` H «$ _ m À ` m AÜ`jñWmZr àm.e.or.a ^moao ho hmovo Va à_wi _mj Xe H$ àm.ew^m Jr {gagmq> ( Ý`w _m S>ob {S>J«r H$m boo, qhjmobr) øm hmoë`m. Va à_wi nmhþuo åhuwz àm.s>r.eg.ymadms>h$a ( amï >r` godm `moozm à_wi ) ho hmovo. gañdvr nyozmzo H$m` H«$_mMr gwédmv Pmbr. Ë`mZ Va _mý`dam Mo ñdmjv H$aÊ`mV Ambo. à _ w I _ m J X e H $ à m. { e a g m Q > ` m Z r _ { h b m M o g j _ r H $ a U ` m { d f ` m d a _ m J X e Z H o $ b o. _ { h b m M o gm_m{oh$, AmWuH$ d Amamo½` {df`h$ gj_rh$au H$aUo JaOoMo Amho Ago Ë`m Zr gm {JVbo. àm. YmadmS>H$a `m Zr _{hbm Zr ñdv:ñdv:mr g ajummr Ywam ñdv: gm ^mimdr Ago gm {JVbo. Va H$m` H«$_mMo AÜ`j àm.a ^moao `m Zr H$V ËddmZ _{hbm Mm B{Vhmg gm JyZ AmOÀ`m _{hbm À`m H$V ËdmMm Jm ad Ho$bm. H$m` H«$_mÀ`m àmñvm{dh$mv H$m` H«$_mÀ`m g `mo{oh$m S>m.Q>mnao E.S>r. `m Zr 8 _mm OmJ{VH$ _{hbm {Xdg gmoam H $ a Ê ` m _ m J M m C Ô o e ñ n ï > H o $ b m. V a H $ m ` H «$ _ m M o g y Ì g M m b Z H $ m ` H «$ _ m À ` m g h g ` m o { O H $ m S > m. a m _ m d V ìhr.q>r. `m Zr Ho$bo. Va Am^ma àxe Z Hw$.nyOm VmoîUrdmb {hzo Ho$bo. _{hbm {XZ {Z{_Îm _hm{dúmb`mv H$mì`dmMZ, dº $Ëd, gm_mý` kmz, {Z~ Y ñnym d nmoñq>a àxe Z Am`mo{OV H$aÊ`mV Amë`m hmoë`m. `m ñny}vrb {dooë`m Zm ñ_ Vr {MÝh d nwînjwàn> XoD$Z Jm adê`mv Ambo. Aëng»`m H$ h $ {Xdg gmoam gozjm d `owrb VmoîUrdmb H$bm, dm{uá` d {dkmz _hm{dúmb`mv Aëng»` mh$ h $ {Xdg gmoam H$aÊ`mV Ambm. `m H$m` H«$_mMo AÜ`j åhuyz _ h m { d Ú m b ` m M o à m M m ` S > m. E g. E _. d S > J w b o h o CnpñWV hmovo. H$m` H«$_mMo à_wi nmhþuo d dºo$ åhuwz àm. AmgoJm dh$a `m Zr Aëng»`m H$ hr g H$ënZm {dúmï`mªzm g_owz {Xbr. `m àg Jr dº $Îd ñny}mo Am`moOZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo. `m_ü`o àm_w»`mzo JmoHy$i AmT>o `mzo àw_ H«$_m H$, Hw$. ^yao gmozmbr {hzo {ÛVr` H «$ _ m H $ V a H $ î U m X o e _ w I ` m Z o V V r ` H «$ _ m H $ { _ i { d b m. { Û V r ` g Ì m V M M m g Ì m M o A m ` m o O Z H$aÊ`mV Ambo hmovo. `m H$m` H«$_mV àm. gwnmao, à m. I w n g o, à m. K Z, à m. n R > U H $ a, à m. S > m. Q > m n a o, àm.s>m.a_mdv, àm. YmadmS>H$a, àm.s>m.omoer, àm.kyq>o, à m. _ a H $ S >, à m. X o g m B V g o M _ h m { d Ú m b ` m V r b {dúmwu, {ejh$ d {ejho$îma H$_ Mmar CnpñWV hmovo. H$m` H«$_mÀ`m `eñdrvogmr>r àm. S>m. dmk, àm.h$r>mio, àm.b Jmobo `m Zr {deof n[al_ KoVbo. kmzxrn /137

138 _hm{dúmb`mvrb {d{dy {d^jm Mo dm{f H$ Ahdmb _amr>r {d^mj > > o > _amr>r dml²>_` _ S>imMr {X. 24 Owb 2014 amoor ñwmnzm H$aÊ`mV Ambr. AÜ`j {ZVoe _moao CnmÜ`j AZ_mob OmoJo g{md Hw$.{Zem {gagmq>> ghg{md Hw$._{Zfm Km Jmgo H$mofmÜ`j amhþb àymz øm nxm{yh$mè`m Mr {Z`wŠVr H$aÊ`mV Ambr. `m _ S>imÀ`m _mü`_mvyz go_rzmg, JQ>MMm, ^mfuo, {Z~ Y ñnym, H$mì`dmMZ, H$WmH$WZ, gw Xa hñvmja ñnym Am`mo{OV Ho$br OmVmV. _ a m R r { d f ` m e r g ~ Y r V Z d Z d r Z K S m _ m S t M r qhxr ha gmb H$s Vah Bg ~ma ^r qhxr {d^mj H$s Amoa go e.df _ qhxr Aä`mg _ S>b, qhxr {Xdg, dmmz Ed boiz, MMm gì, {^{ÎmnÌH$, H$mbO`r amzm "CgZo H$hm Wm' Am{X H$m` H«$_m H$m g\$b Am`moOZ {H$`m Wm Ÿ& qhxr Aä`mg _ S>b { X. 2 5 O w b m B H $ m o q h X r { d ^ m J m Ü ` j àm.à_mox KZ H$s AÜ`jVm _ qhxr Aä`mg _ S>b H$s ñwmnzm g nþ hþb Ÿ& Bg Aä`mg _ S>b Ho$ CX²KmQ>H$ Ho$ ê $ n _ S > m. g w { O V q g h n [ a h m a O r ( k m Z m o n m g H $ _hm{dúmb`, qovya) H$mo Am_ ÌrV {H$`m J`m Wm Ÿ& qhxr Aä`mg _ S>b Ho$ AÜ`j ~r.e. V Vr` df Ho$ N>mÌ JOmZZ gdio H$m M`Z hþam Ÿ& CnmÜ`j Hw$.gwaoIm hþbo, g{md Zohm H$moQ>H$a, ghg{md {XZoe nhmao Wo Ÿ& gxñ` Ho$ ê$n _ a_oe JìhmUo, Hw$.ñdmVr ^yao, Hw$.{eVb H$moaS>o, gy{zb amr>mos>, eoi A Ow_ H$m M`Z hþam Ÿ& y o y > y {d^mj à_wi àm.`w.nr. gwnmao _ m h r V r d Î m n Ì m V Z H $ m Ì U H $ m T Z g M Z m \ $ b H $ m d a bmdê`mv `ovmv. {dúmï`mªgmr>r Imbrb Vkm Mr ^mfuo df ramv Am`mo{OV H$aÊ`mV Ambr. àm. {dbmg d Ú, AmXe _hm{dúmb`, qhjmobr Ooð> H$mX ~arh$ma, AemoH$ AYm nwah$a, qhjmobr ì`gz_wšvr nwañh$ma n«má h.^.n. Amgmam OmamO IwS>OH$a q^vrnìh$mà`m _mü`_mvyz {dúmï`mªà`m boiz JwUm Zm dmq> H$ê$Z {Xbr OmVo. {dúmï`mªà`m H$Wm, H${dVm, dml²>_` {df`h$ boizmbm à{gõ Ho$ë`m OmVmV. {d^mj {d^mj à_wi àm.nr.ho$. KZ B g H $ m ` H «$ _ H $ s g \ $ b V m H o $ { b E à Y m Z m M m ` S>m.EgE_. ds>jwbo, B{Vhmg {d^mj n«_wi àm.aemoh$ A ^moao, J«Wnmb S>m.n R>ZH$a, qhxr {d^mjmü`j àm.à_mox K Z, S > m. e H $ a n O B, S > m. { d O ` d m K, H $ { Z ð > { d ^ m J Ho$.àm.a JZmW H$R>mio Am{X H$m gh`moj _hîdnyu ahm h Ÿ& H$m` H«$_ Ho$ {be g^r àmü`mnh$ Ed àmü`mho$îma H$_ Mmar VWm N>mÌ Ed N>mÌmE± CnpñWV Wo Ÿ& qhxr {Xdg {X. 15 {gv ~a 2014 H$mo qhxr {d^mj H$s Amoa go "qhxr {Xdg' H$m` H«$_ H$m Am`moOZ {H$`m J`m Ÿ& Bg H$m` H«$_ Ho$ AÜ`j Ho$ ê$n _ àymzmmm`, S>m.Eg.E_. ds>jybo CnpñWV Wo Ÿ& à_wi dšvm Ho$ ê$n _ S>m.gw{OVqgh n[ahma, kmzmonmgh$ _hm{dúmb`, qovwa Wo Ÿ& H$m` H $_ H$m àmñvm{dh$ S>m.{dO` dmk Zo {H$`m, àm.à_mox KZ Zo qhxr {Xdg Ho$ _hîd H$mo ñnï> {H$`m Ÿ& gyìg MbZ S>m. e H$a nob Zo {H$`m Ÿ& Bg H$m` H«$_ Ho$ {be qhxr gm{hë` kmzxrn /138

139 Ho$ N>mÌ Ed N>mÌmE± CnpñWV Wo Ÿ& dmmz Ed boiz {X. 19 {Xgå~a 2014 H$mo qhxr {d^mj H$s Amoa go dmmz Ed boiz `h H$m` H«$_ {b`m J`m (Reading & Writing) `h H$m` H«$_ {b`m J`m Ÿ& H$m` H«$_ Ho$ AÜ`j Ho$ ê$n _ qhxr {d^mjmü`j àm.à_mox KZ Wo à_wi _mj Xe H$ S>m. {do` dmk Wo Ÿ& Am a H$m` H $_ H$m g MmbZ S>m. e H$a nob Zo {H$`m Ÿ& S>m. {do` dmk Zo g^r N>mÌm Zo _Z _ nt>zo Am a {bizo H$s {Okmgm H$mo ~T>mdm {X`m Ÿ& ""H$aV-H$aV Aä`mg, OS>_Vr hmov gyomz Ÿ& agar AmdV-OmV Vo, grb na hmov {ZemZ&'' Bg CXmhaU go g^r N>mÌm _ MoVZm OmJ V H$s Ÿ& Bg H$m` H«$_ Ho$ {be _hm{dúmb` Ho$ A{YH$m e N>mÌ Ed N>mÌmE± CnpñWV Wo Ÿ& MMm gì (amï >^mfm {Z_m U _ qhxr H$m `mojxmz) {X. 22 OZdar 2015 H$mo qhxr {d^mj Amoa go MMm gì H$m Am`moOZ {H$`m J`m Wm Ÿ& H$m` H«$_ Ho$ AÜ`j S>m.{dO` dmk Wo Ÿ& n«_wi _mj Xe H$ S>m.e H$a nob Am a H$m` H«$_ H$m àmñvm{dh$ àm.à_mox KZ Zo {H$`m Ÿ& H$m` H«$_ bozo Ho$ {nàn>o qhxr {d^mj H$m `h CÔoe `m {H$ qhxr gm{hë` Ho$ g^r N>mÌm Ho$ haoh$ eãx gwñnï>, {df` H$s gab A{^ì`{ŠV Am a _ M na IS>o hmozo na _Z B{Vhmg _ Omo Ca ~ R>Vm h dh {ZH$b OmE Ÿ& Bg H$m` H«$ "qhxr {d^mj' Ho$ N>mÌm Zo gh^mj {bm Am a H$m` H«$_ H$mo g\$b ~ZmZo H$m à`mg {H$`m Ÿ& {^VrnÌH$ {X. 25 \$adar 2015 H$mo qhxr {d^mj _ {^Îmr nìh$ H$m {d_momz {H$`m ŸJ`m Ÿ& Bg H$m` H«$_ Ho$ {be qhxr {d^mjmü`j n«m.à_mox KZ, S>m. e H$a nob Am a S>m.{dO` dmk CnpñWV Wo Ÿ& N>mÌm Ho$ H${dVm, AmboI H$mo à{gõr {_bo `h à_wi CÔoí` Wm Ÿ& H$m` H«$_ Ho$ {be _hm{dúmb` Ho$ àmü`mnh$ Ed àmü`mho$îma H$_ Mmar Am a N>mÌ Am a N>mÌmE± CnpñWV Wo Ÿ& H$mbO`r amzm "CgZo H$hm Wm' {X. 31 _mm 2015 H$mo qhxr {d^mj H$s Amoa go "CgZo H$hm Wm' `h M X«Ya e_m "Jwboar' {b{iv H$hmZr H$mo gm df nwao hmozo Ho$ Cnbú`na evmãxr df _Zm`m J`mŸ& Bg H$m` H«$_ Ho$ AÜ`j àm.à_mox KZ Wo Ÿ& BÝhmoZo H$mbO`r eãx H$m AW ~Vm`m {H$, {OgZo g_` (H$mb) na {do` nm`r h, gmw hr H$hmZr H$m AW Am a Bg H$hmZr _ KQ>rV KQ>ZmAm H$mo COmJma {H$`m Ÿ& H$m` H«$_ H$m g MmbZ S>m.{dO` dmk Am a AmYma S>m.e H$a nob Zo {H$`m Ÿ& H$m` H«$_ Ho$ {be Am a N>mÌ Ed N>mÌmE± CnpñWV Wo Ÿ& {d^mj {d^mj à_wi àm. E.Or. A ^moao {X.14 Owb 2014 amoor _hm{dúmb`mv B{Vhmg {d^mjmà`m dvrzo Aä`mg _ S>imMr ñwmnzm H$aÊ`mV A m b r. Ë ` m _ Ü ` o A Ü ` j X o d H $ a Z m a m ` U g I m a m _, CnmÜ`j - H$moQ>H$a Zohm àvmnamd, g{md- {gagmr> {Zem l r a m _, g h g [ M d - { I m a o e w ^ _ ` e d V a m d V a H $ m o f m Ü ` j å h U w Z e o. O m H o $ a e o. d m I a ` m M r { Z ` w º $ s H$aÊ`mV Ambr. {X.14 Owb 2014 amoor _hm{dúmb`mv B{Vhmg {d^mjmà`m dvrzo Aä`mg _ S>imMr ñwmnzm H$aÊ`mV Ambr. Ë`m_Ü`o AÜ`j XodH$a Zmam`U gimam_, CnmÜ`j - H$moQ>H$a Zohm àvmnamd, g{md- {gagmr> {Zem l r a m _, g h g [ M d - { I m a o e w ^ _ ` e d V a m d V a H $ m o f m Ü ` j å h U w Z e o. O m H o $ a e o. d m I a ` m M r { Z ` w º $ s H$aÊ`mV Ambr. {X.25 Owb 2014 amoor _hm{dúmb`mv B{Vhmg {d^mjmà`m dvrzo ~r.e.v Vr` dfm À`m {dúmï`mªgmr>r B{Vhmg {df`mà`m ZdrZ Aä`mgH«$_mda EH$ {Xder` H$m` emim KoÊ`mV Ambr. B{Vhmg {d^mjmà`m dvrzo ~r.e.àw_, {ÛVr` d V Vr` dfm À`m {dúmï`mªgmr>r "_amr>dms>çmmm B{Vhmg' `mda MMm gìmmo Am`moOZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo hmovo. `mdoir "_amr>dms>çmmo _hmamï >mà`m B{VhmgmVrb `mojxmz' `m {df`mda MMm Pmbr. kmzxrn /139

140 {X.22 gßq> ~a 2014 amoor ~r.e.v Vr` dfm À`m {dúmï`mªgmr>r Zgu Zm_Xod `m Ym{_ H$ d Eo{VhmgrH$ ñwimmo gd}ju H$aÊ`mV Ambo. {X.2 Am ŠQ>mo~a 2014 amoor _hmë_m Jm Yr O` Vr d b m b ~ h m X w a e m ó r ` m M r O ` V r g w Ü X m B { V h m g {d^mjmà`m dvrzo gmoar H$aÊ`mV Ambr. {X.8 Am ŠQ>mo~a 2014 amoor {d^mjmà`m dvrzo A m Y w { Z H $ _ h m a m ï > m À ` m B { V h m g m d a n m o ñ Q > a à X e Z m M m H$m` H«$_ KoÊ`mV Ambm. { d ^ m J m À ` m d V r Z o ~ r. E. V V r ` d f m À ` m {dúmï`mªgmr>r qhjmobr {OëømVrb _ {XamMo Eo{VhmgrH$ g_moemó gd}ju H$aÊ`mV Ambo. `mdoir ~r.e. V Vr` dfm Mo {dúmï`mªzr _mor>çm g»`ozo gh^mj Zm X{dbm. n Om~ amá`mvrb Kw_mZ `owo A{Ib ^mavr` 88 ì`m _amr>r gm{hë` g å_obz Am`moOrV H$aÊ`mV Ambo hmovo. B{Vhmg {d^mjmv H$m` av Agbobo àm.s>m.^mboamd Or.nr. d àm.s>m.eg.ama. nob " {birv' g V Zm_Xod Am{U lr. Jwé J«W gm{h~m `m nwñvh$mmo {d_momz à{güx H$dr {dç>b dmk, {dúm XodYa, Cfm Vm ~o, CÜXd H$mZS>o, VgoM Zgu Zm_Xod g ñwm ZmMo AÜ`j gvre {ds>moih$a `m À`m ew^hñvo nma nms>bo. {d^mj {d^mj à_wi àm. S>r.Eg.YmadmS>H$a gozjm d `owrb VmoîUrdmb H$bm, dm{uá` d {dkmz _ h m { d Ú m b ` m V _ Ü ` o g _ m O e m ó { d ^ m J m M r gwédv Pmbr. na Vw Iè`m AWm Zo g_moemó {d^mj 1995 gmbr àm. YmadmS>H$a S>r.Eg. `m Mr nwu doi àmü`mnh$ åhuwz {Z`wº$s Pmbr. Va 2000 gmbr àm. ZdJUH$a Ama.ìhr. ho `m {d^mjmv XmIb Pmbo. {d^mjmzo Aä`mgH«$_ nwu H$aUo `mdam \$º$ ^a {Xbm Zmhr Va {dúmï`mªà`m gdmª{ju {dh$mg ìhmdm `m H$[aVm ^rîmrnìh$, J«WàXe Z, {d{dy Jmdm Zm ^oq>r, CXm. eojm d, `obxar, bmouma, qovya, Zgu Zm_Xod, qhjmobr, {güxoída `m n[agamvrb Am{Xdmgr, Jar~ añë`m Zm ^oq> XoD$Z gm_m{oh$ ~m~tmm Aä`mg H$aÊ`mMm à`ëz Ho$bm. {Z~ Y ñnym, dº $Ëd ñnym, JQ>MMm Am`mo{OV Ho$ë`m. n X d r à m á r Z V a { d Ú m Ï ` m ª Z m I è ` m A W m Z o _ m J X e Z m M r J a O A g V o h r O m { U d b j m V K o D $ Z {dúmï`mªzm nx²ì`wîma Aä`mgH«$_mgmR>r Am a Jm~mX, Zm XoS> `owo ahmv AgVm Zm `oumè`m AS>MUr gmos>{dê`mmm à`ëz Ho$bm. `mmmm n[aum_ åhuoo _hm{dúmb`mmo XmoZ {dúmwu g_moemó `m {df`mv amï >r` nmvirda NET narjm CÎmrU Pmbo AmhoV. Ë`m_wio JOmZZ \w$bgmd Jo d B ída A H$moeH$a `m {dúmï`mª{df`r Amåhmbm A{^_mZ dmq>vmo. H$mhr {dúmwu E_.E. g_moemó `m {df`mv Va H$mhr {dúmwu E_.Eg.S>ãë`w `m emiov àm{dê` àmá H$aVo Pmbo AmhoV. {dúmï`mªzm d `{º$H$ nmvirda g emoyz H$aÊ`mgmR>r _mj Xe Z Ho$bo OmVo. àm. YmadmS>H$a d àm.zdjuh$a `m Mo g emoyzmmo H$m` gwé Amho. àm.zdjuh$a `m Mm àm_w»`mzo Aä`mg g emoyz nüxvr da Va àm.ymadms>h$a J«m_rU g _ m O e m ó, A m Ú m o J r H $ g _ m O e m ó, _ { h b m d ~ m b { d H $ m g ` m d a H $ m ` H $ a r V A m h o V. g m _ m { O H $ ~m {YbHo$À`m Ñï>rH$moZmVyZ àm.zdjuh$a ho amï >r` nmubmoq> g { _ V r M o g X ñ ` å h U w Z H $ m ` a V A m h o V. V g o M à m. YmadmS>H$a `m Mr XmoZ nwñvho$ àh$m{ev Pmbobr AgwZ Vo _hmamï > g_moemó n[afx H$m` H$maUr gxñ` AmhoV. `m ~ a m o ~ a ñ d m. a m. V r. _. { d. Z m X o S > ` m À ` m E _. E. À ` m Aä`mgH«$ S>imMo ~{hñw boih$ XoIrb AmhoV. kmzxrn /140

141 d[að> _hm{dúmb` JwUd V {dúmwu H$bm/dm{UÁ`/{dkmZ emim 1. OmYd {H$aUHw$_ma em_amd - ~r.e. {ÛVr` df - àw_ 2. eoi Ibrb eoi a{ex - ~r.e. V Vr` df - àw_ 3. H$moaS>o nmê$~mb nw OmOr - ~r.e. V Vr` df - {ÛVr` 4. ~JmQ>o a_oe à^mh$a - ~r.e. V Vr` df - V Vr` 5. H$moaS>o nmé~mb - ~r.e. V Vr` (_amr>r {df`mv) - àw_ 6. gmas>m H $îum gë`zmam`u - ~r.h$m _. àw_ df - àw_ 7. Hw$._hmOZ nwom J JmYaAßnm - ~r.h$m _. àw_ df - {ÛVr` 8. _w XS>m JmoqdX amo Ð - ~r.h$m _. àw_ df - V Vr` 9. Hw$.VmoîUrdmb nwom lr{h$ez - ~r.h$m _. {ÛVr` df - àw_ 10. Hw$.ImoH$bo A{ZVm AemoH$ - ~r.h$m _. V Vr` df - àw_ {deof àm{dê` 11. Hw$.~moH$Z aoim XÎmamd - ~r.h$m _. V Vr` df - àw_ 12. Hw$.~moH$Z aoim XÎmamd - ~r.h$m _. V Vr` df (Adv.A/c) - àw_ 13. eoi _Oha - ~r.gr.e. - àw_ Life Science : 14. Hw$.VmoîUrdmb H$mo_b lr{h$ez - ~r.eñgr. - àw_ 15. Hw$.T>mbo Á`moVr go}amd - ~r.eñgr. - {ÛVr` 16. Hw$.Xoe_wI g{dvm {dzm`h$amd - ~r.eñgr. - V Vr` Physical Science : 17. nmb H$amd AmH$me g O` - ~r.eñgr. - àw_ 15. {^go A{efHw$_ma ZmWm - ~r.eñgr. - {ÛVr` kmzxrn /141

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