àm. lr. AemoH$ nmq>rc. àm. S>m. Zohm amho$e ~moago

Transcription

1 13

2 6 àmmm 14

3 àm. lr. AemoH$ nmq>rc [ àm. S>m. Zohm amho$e ~moago àm. AemoH$ nmq>rc (àmmm ) àm. {H$aU Mm Yar (CnàmMm ) àm. {evc AmëhmQ> àm. gm~io Eg.nr. àm. ê${vh$m OJVmn àm. gm~io Eg. Ama. àm. S>m. g{ov Im S>oH$a àm. AemoH$ nmq>rc àm. AemoH$ nmq>rc amb Q> npãcetj A ÊS> àog, nwuo

4

5 àmmm ZmoJV Ad m {dídmcm JdgUr KmcUmè m g Vloð> kmzoída hmamo d H$moUVoM H$m Ae³ Zmhr Ago à{vnmxz H$aUmè m g V {eamo Ur VwH$mam hmamo m À m Xohy Am{U Ami Xr m n{dì VrW joìmà m OdiM Agcoë m d àmmrz H$mimVrc B{VhmgmÀ m nmd$ciwum gm JUmè m ^mogar (^moomnya) Jmdm Ü o amo mvm {OOmD$ {eju àgmah$ S>imÀ m H$cm, dm{uá d {dkmz hm{dúmc mmr ñwmnzm e. df 2001 gmcr Pmcr. g ñwomo AÜ j m. {dcmgamd {dr>mo~m cm S>o d CnmÜ j H $. A Hw$eamd cm S>Jo m Zr ^mogar JmdmV amo mvm g ñwoà m A VJ V hm{dúmc ê$nr EH$ VwierMo amonq>o cmdco na Vw AmO Ë mmo dq>d jmv ê$nm Va Pmco Amho. amo mvm Zmd gmw R>a{dVmZm AmO hm{dúmc mvyz AZoH$ {OOmD$ Am{U {ed~m KS>co. Ë mmm Amåhmcm gmw A{^ mz Amho. ^mogar (E. Am. S>r. gr) Am Úmo{JH$ n[aga Agë mzo JmoaJar~ H$m Jma djm Vrc wcm- wctà m {ejummr gmo ìhmdr m hovwzo g ñwomo AÜ j d ^mogar {dymzg^m VXma g KmMo mor Am Xma m. lr. {dcmgamd {dr>mo~m cm S>o-nmQ>rc, g ñwomo CnmÜ j m. lr. E. amymh $îuz, g ñwomo g{md d Ah XZJa {Oëhm n[afx gxñ lr. {dídzmw H$moaS>o, g ñwomo I{OZXma d {dú mz ZJagodH$ m. lr. A{OV^mD$ JìhmUo g ñwomo {dídñv AZwH«$ o m. lr {edmoramd AmImS>o, m. lr. Cëhmg nm JwS>o, m. lr. àvmnamd {IarS>, m. lr. mê$vr dmk mos>o, m. lr. gwyraeor> wjgo, m. lr. {Z chw$ ma Xoe wi, m. gm. mo{hzrvmb cm S>o d m. lr. {dh«$m V cm S>o B. g MmcH$ S>imZo {dúmï mªmm {dh$mg hom Ü o gmü H$aÊ mmm à ËZ Ho$cm Amho. Amnë m hm{dúmc mv ~r. E., ~r. H$m, E. H$m, ~r. gr. Eg., ~r. gr.e., E. gr. E., ~r. Eñgr, E. Eñgr. ~m moq>oh$ B. H$mog}g d H${Zð> {d^mjma VJ V AmQ> g², H$m g, ( amr>r/b J«Or mü ) d emó B. H$mog}g gwê$ AmhoV. VgoM {dúmï mª H$[aVm ³cmgê$, g JUH$ à mojemim, dm{uá, J{UV, Am.Q>r, Bco³Q >m {ZH$, O dv ÌkmZ, {dkmz à mojemim CncãY AmhoV. H«$sS>m àh$mamgmr>r {O ImZm d {d{dy H$m H«$ Am mo{ov H$aÊ mgmr>r go{ Zma hm c B. gw{dym CncãY H$ê$Z {Xë m AmhoV. hm{dúmc mmm AmË m åhuoo J«Wmc. J«Wmc gwg m AgyZ Ë m Ü o dmmzh$j CncãY Amho. J«Wmc mv EHy U 21,000 nwñvho$ CncãY AmhoV. {d{dy {d^mjm gmr>r m{gho$ d {Z VH$m{cHo$hr CncãY AmhoV. m{edm hîdnyu gm{hpë H$ d Eo{Vhm{gH$ J«Whr CncãY AmhoV. Ë m wio gd {dúmï mªzm dmmzmmm N> X OmonmgVm ovmo. g ñwomo AÜ j d mor Am Xma lr. {dcmgamd {dr>mo~m cm S>onmQ>rc m À m dmt>{xdgmmo Am {MË gmywz {XZm H$ 1 OyZ 2015 amoor H $. A Hw$eamd cm S>Jo ZmQ>çJ h, ^mogar owo ^ì dº $Ëd ñny}mo Am mooz H$aÊ mv Amco hmovo. g ñwomo I{OZXma d {dú mz ZJagodH$ m. lr. A{OV^mD$ JìhmUo m À m dmt>{xdgmmo Am {MË gmywz H $. A Hw$eamd cm S>Jo ZmQ>çJ h owo ^ì aº$xmz {e{~ammo Am mooz H$aÊ mv Amco hmovo. aº$xmz {e~ramv 101 aº$xmë m Zr aº$xmz Ho$co. Ë mm~amo~a "ñnym narjm mj Xe Z' m {df mda m. lr. lrh$m V ImS>o (S>r. dm. Eg. nr.), m. àm. g{mz gmzn, (dm{s> m hm{dúmc, nwuo) m Mr ì m» mzo Am mo{ov Ho$cr hmovr. AmOÀ m ñny}à m wjmv {dúmï mªzm ì mdgm{ H$ à{eju KoVm mdo mgmr>r hm{dúmc m Ü o " $Z o$aa' Mo Am mooz H$aÊ mv Amco hmovo. H${Zð> d d[að> {d^mjmvrc {dúmï mªzr {d{dy ñq>m c m Sy>Z dñvw Mr {dh«$s H$ê$Z H$m H«$ mmm AmZ X KoVcm. hm[dúmc mv H${Zð> emó {d^mj, d[að> g JUH$emó {d^mj, O dv ÌkmZ {d^mj m À m g wº$ {dú mzo hm{dúmc mv ^ì {dkmz àxe ZmMo Am mooz H$aÊ mv Amco hmovo. m Ü o {d{dy hm{dúmc mvrc {dúmï mªzr Amnco àh$ën gmxa Ho$co. Xadfu hm{dúmc mv H«$sS>m ñny}mo Am mooz H$aÊ mv ovo. H«$sS>m joìmv hm{dúmc mvrc {dúmï mªzr CÎm H$m {Jar Ho$cr Amho. {OëhmñVar, amá ñvar, amï >ñvar d Am Vaamï >r nmvirda gwdu, H$mñ, aov 117

6 B. nxho$ àmá H$ê$Z ^akmog e { i{dco Amho. hm{dúmc mvrc H${Zð> d d[að> {d^mjmvrc {dúmï mªà m H$cmJwUm Zm dmd { imdm m hovyzo dm{f H$ ñzohg oczmmo Am mooz H $. A Hw$eamd cm S>Jo ZmQ>çJ h, ^mogar owo H$aÊ mv Amco hmovo. {dúmï mªzr Z Ë o, EH$m {H$H$m,ZmQ>H$ gmxa H$ê$Z no«jh$m Mo Zmoa OZ Ho$co. VgoM mdfu àw V:M hm^m S>ë mmo Am mooz H$aÊ mv Amco hmovo. mv gd {dúm{wªzr d àmü mnh$m Zr CËgmhmV gh^mj KoVcm. mdfu hm{dúmc d hmamï > emgz m À m g wº$ {dú mzo "^ì amoojma oimì mmo' Am mooz H$aÊ mv Amco hmovo. m amoojma oimì mv 3120 C oxdma gh^mjr Pmco hmovo. Ë mn H$s 595 C oxadmam Zm ZmoH$ar { imcr. {edm H $ång B Q>aìøy A VJ V AZoH$ {dúmï mªzm Zm m {H$V H $ný m Ü o ZmoH$è m { imë m. mmm Amåhm cm gmw A{^ mz dmq>vmo. hm{dúmc mv gd àmü mnh$ e j{uh$ Ah Vm àmá Ho$coco AgyZ AZoH$ àmü mnh$ amï >r d Am Vaamï >r Aem {d{dy go{ Zma. dh $em n, MMm gì B. Ü o gh^mjr hmovmv. {dúmï mªmr e j[uh$ JwUdÎmm yë mnzmh$[avm gm{dìr~mb w$co nwuo {dúmnrr>ma VJ V narjm CÎm [aë m nma nms>ë m. VgoM H${Zð> d d[að> {d^mjmvrc gd narjm {Z mzwgma nma nms>ë m Joë m. Xadfu amo mvm {OOmD$ O VrMo Am {MË gmywz {X. 10,11,12 OmZodmar amoor "^moomnya gmd O{ZH$ J«Wmc d dmmzmc m' V }$ amo mvm {OOmD$ ì m» mz mcomo Am mooz H$aÊ mv ovo. mdfu Jm H$-g JrVH$ma S>m. gcrc Hw$cH$Uu, amr>r {gzo A{^ZoÌr S>m. {ZerJ Ym dms> d à{gõ JrVH$ma à{du XdUo m Mr ì m» mzo Am mo{ov H$aÊ mv Amcr hmovr. Á m mvozo {ed~m KS>{dbm Aem mvocm amo mvm {OOmD$ nwañh$mamzo gý m{zv H$aÊ mv ovo. m dfu H$mí ra Ü o ehrx Pmcoco ooa g Vmof hm{s>h$ m À m mvmolr lr Vr H$mqcXm KmoanS>o m Zm m nwañh$mamzo Jm a{dê mv Amco. mdfu hm{dúmc mv dm{uá, g JUH$ emó d O dv Ì{dkmZ m {d^mjma VJ V EH${Xdgr amá ñvar MMm gìm Mo Am mooz H$aÊ mv Amco hmovo. gd MMm gìm Zm { iyz OdiOdi 1000 À m Amgnmg {dúmwu àmü mnh$ gh^mjr Pmco hmovo. gm{dìr~mb w$co nwuo {dúmnrr> d amo mvm {OOmD$ {eju àgmah$ S>i m À m g wº$ {dú mzo hm{dúmc mv nxdrxmz g ma ^mmo Am mooz H$aÊ mv Amco. m H$m H«$ mg S>m. amord OmYd (Am wº$ {n. qm. Znm) d m. gm. gw{à m ~S>do (CÚmo{OH$m) w» nmhþuo åhuyz CnpñWV hmovo. VgoM g ñwomo AÜ j d mor Am Xma m. {dcmgamd {dr>mo~m cm S>o, g ñwomo I{OZXma d {dú mz ZJagodH$ m. A{OV^mD$ JìhmUo, g ñwomo {dídñv m. àvmnamd {IarS>, m. {dh«$m V cm S>o, m. mê$vr dmk mos>o, àmmm, CnàmMm m gdmªà m CnpñW{VV 98 {dúmï mªzm nxì m àxmz H$aÊ mv Amë m. hm{dúmc mv gd àh$maà m gmo r-gw{dym CncãY H$ê$Z Amåhm gdmªzm kmzxmzmmo EH$ n{dì H$m H$aÊ mmr g Yr g ñwomo AÜ j, CnmÜ j, g{md I{OZXma d BVa gd {dídñv m Zr Amåhm cm {Xcr. Ë m~ôc gdmªmo Z:nyd H$ Am^ma ì º$ H$aVmo. {OOmD$ {Z VH$m{cH$mMr hr Zddr Amd Îmr Amnë m gdmªà m ñdmyrz H$aVmZm Z:ñdr AmZ X hmov Amho. hm{dúmc, g ñwm, àmü mnh$ {dúmwu m Mr CÎmamoÎma àjvr hmov amhrc mv e H$m Zmhr. Amnë m gdmªà m mj Xe ZmImcr hm{dúmc A{VCƒ {eiamda ^amar KoB c Agm gmw {dídmg dmq>vmo. àm. AemoH$ nmq>rc àmmm 118

7 g nmxh$s B{VhmgmÀ m H$mcnQ>cmda Á m ór ì {º$ Ëdm Zr Amnë m H$m m Mm R>gm C Q>{dcm Amho. Ë mv AJ«^mJr AgUma Zmd Amho "{OOmD$' AË V {~H$Q> n[apñwvrv Ë m Zr à ËZdmXmMr H$mg Yacr. a VoVrc ñdm{^ mz OmJm Ho$cm Am{U {edam m À m nmr>rer C^o amhÿz ñdamá àë jmv AmUc. Aem Wmoa {OOmD$ À m ZmdmZo Zmdmê$nmg Amcoë m Am À m hm{dúmc mmo "{OOmD$' m{gh$. "{OOmD$' ho hm{dúmc mmm AmagmM mzcm nm{hoo. hm{dúmc mv hmoumè m KS>m mos>tmm C oi àë oh$ AhdmcmV Ho$cm Amho. d Ë m Ahdmcm Mm g mdoe {OOmD$ m{gh$mv Ho$cm Amho. Ë m à muo {dúmï mªà m coiz-d Mm[aH$ j Vocm MmcZm XoÊ mgmr>r Ë m Zr {Xcoë m coizm Mm hr g mdoe amr>r, qhxr d B J«Or {d^mjm VJ V Ho$cm Amho. hm{dúmc mmr ñwmnzm mor Am Xma d g ñwomo AÜ j m. lr. {dcmgamd {dr>mo~m cm S>o m Zr Ho$cr. Ë m Mm CÔoí hmm hmovm H$s, g momvrc Vim-JmimVrc, H$ Mmar djm À m wcm Zm {ejummr gmo ìhmdr Ë m Zm {eju KoVm mdo. AmO nmhvm Ë m Mm CÔoí g $c Pmcocm {XgyZ ovmo. hm{dúmc mv nwñvh$s kmzm ~amo~am ì mdhm[ah$ kmz hr { ivo. Ë m À m gwá -H$cm JwUm Zm dmd { idyz XoÊ mgmr>r hm{dúmc mv wº$ ì mgnrr> hr CncãY H$ê$Z {Xco Amho. {dúmï mªmm gdmªjru {dh$mg gmyê mmm à ËZ Am À m hm{dúmc mv Ho$cm OmVmo. {dúmï mªda Aä mgm~amo~am Mm Jco g ñh$ma ìhmdov hm mzg gd g ñwmmmch$ d {ejh$m Mm Amho. mmm àë Xadfu d ÕrJ V hmoumè m {dúmwu g» odê$z ovmo. AWm VM m mjo hm{dúmc mmr {eñv, àmü mnh$m Mo à ËZ, àmmm mªmo mj Xe Z, g ñwomm ~hþ mocmmm nmr>t~m BË mxtmo hîdnyu mojxmz Amho. m{gh$mv coi, H${dVm, Ahdmc m Mm AmT>mdm KoÊ mv Amcm Amho. {OOmD$ m{gh$mmr amzm H$aÊ mg g ñwomo {dídñv, àmmm, {ejh$ d {ejho$va H$ Mmar, {dúmwu d {Z VH$m{cH$ g{ Vr m gdmªmo ghh$m cm^co. Xadfu "{OOmD$' Ü o Zì mzo amomh$vm dmt>{dê mmm àm m{uh$ à ËZ Ho$cm OmVmo. hm à ËZ H$arV AgVm Zm mjrc A H$mV Pmcoë m C{Udm ^ê$z H$mT>Uo d dmmh$m À m A V ZmMm doy KoUo hm à mg XoIrc Ho$cm Amho. m A H$mV {dúmï mªzr {Xcoco coi H$m VwH$mñnX Amho. dmmh$ Ë m Mm göx ñdrh$ma H$aVrc Aer Amem ~mijvo. nwzím: EH$Xm A H$ àh$m{ev H$aVm Zm Á m Mo ghh$m cm^co Ë m gdmªmo r Zñdr Am^ma mzvo. S>m. Zohm ~moago 119

8 Contribution of Teachers Academic Year (Department of B.Com., B.B.A., B.A.) Sr. No. Name Of Faculty Conducted By Conference / Seminar/ Workshop/ Work Topic/Subject Duration 1. Prof. Ashok Patil Sasmira's Institute of Management Studies & Research Two Day International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research An Era of Digital Marketing In India 16th & 17th Oct Prof. Shreya Dani Seth Hirachand Mutha College Of Arts, Commerce & Science, Umbarde, Kalyan (W) One Day State Level Conference New Trends in Historioghraphy 10th Aug 2015 Seth Hirachand Mutha College Of Arts, Commerce & Science, Umbarde, Kalyan (W) One Day State Level Conference on New Trends in Historioghraphy Paper Presented on Marcsvadi Carl /marcsche Tatvdnan 10th Aug Dr. Sushma Kulkarni Abeda Inamdar Sr. College of Arts, Science & commerce & UGC National Conference Abeda Inamdar National Conference Sr. College of Arts, Science & commerce & UGC 4. Prof. Pragati Gore Sir Parashurambau National Conference College, Tilak Road, Pune English Literature In Context Paper presented on The Combination of Írony and Humour by employing Indirect speech acts On Emerging Trends in Business Paradigm 29th & 30 th Jan th & 30 th Jan nd & 23th Feb 2016 Sir Parashurambau College, Tilak Road, Pune National Conference Paper Presented on Stress Management by time management with reference to Indian 22nd & 23th Feb 2016 Women 20 1

9 Sr. No. Name Of Faculty Conducted By Conference / Seminar/ Workshop/ Work Topic/Subject Duration 5. Prof. Sunita Panchariya Sir Parashurambau National Conference College, Tilak Road, Pune on Emerging Trends in Business Paradigm 22nd & 23th Feb Prof. Nitve D.L. Sasmira's Institute of Management Studies & Research 7. Prof. Minakshi Mandhare Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewalan University of Rajasthan Shri Ram college of Commerce and Science Bhandup (W) Mumbai - 78 Dr. D. Y. Patil College of Education Two Day International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research National Conference One Day State Level Seminar An Era of Digital Marketing In India Value Education towards National and Global Development Exploring the concept of Active Engagement in Learning 16th & 17th Oct th Sept th March 2016 Department of Computer Science Sr. No. 1 Name Of Faculty Prof.Chaudhari K.Y Conducted By Savitribai Phule Pune university & M.H.R.D (New Delhi) Conference /Seminar/ Workshop/ Workshop Topic/Subject All India survey On Higher Education & M.I.S Duration 6-Aug- 15 Level University 2 Prof.Sushama Nagre P.V.G College, Pune Workshop Lab Course Implementation of T.Y.B.Sc.(C.S) 1-Aug- 15 University 3 Prof. Alka Mhetre P.V.G College, Pune Savitribai Phule Pune university Workshop Workshop Lab Course Implementation of T.Y.B.Sc.(C.S) Computer Graphics T.Y.B.Sc.(C.S) 17-Oct- 15 University 121

10 Department Of Biotechnology Sr. No. 1 Name Of Faculty Prof. Sachin Chavan Conducted By Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune Conference/Seminar/ Workshop/Symposium/ Guest Lecture Paper setter and Moderator Topic/Paper Presentation/ Subject and Duration Theory paper B.Sc. and M.Sc. October- November Prof. Sandeep Asthana Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 3 Prof. Sachin Chavan Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 5 Prof. Rutika Jagtap Vidya Pratishthan College of ACS, Dept. of Biotechnology Baramati, Dist. Pune in association with Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune Paper setter and Moderator Chairman Participated in Symposium Theory paper October-November 2015 M.Sc. Biotech Practical examination Pune region October- November 2015 Two Days National Symposium on Chromatographic and Spectroscopic Finding's in Life Science Research 08/03/2016 and 09/03/2016 Department of BCA Sr. No. Name Of Faculty Conducted By Conference /Seminar/ Workshop/ Topic/Subject Duration Level 1 Prof. Bhoware Rohini Dr. D.Y.Patil College, Pimpri Workshop Restructuring of TYBCA Slips Sem-V 30-Jul-15 University 2 Prof. Jagadale Jayashree Dr. D.Y.Patil College, Pimpri Workshop Restructuring of TYBCA Slips Sem-VI 4-Jul-16 University 22 1

11 Junior Department Sr. No. Name Of Faculty Conducted By Conference/Seminar/ Workshop/Symposium/ Guest Lecture Topic/Paper Presentation/ Subject and Duration 1 Prof. Dr. Borse Neha Rakesh 1. Pritam Prakash College Workshop Guest Lecture on Student personality development 2. RJSPM college, Guest Lecture Teaching, Learning Dudulgaon 3. S.S.C and H.S.C Workshop Varishtha vetan shreni Board Maharashtra sevantarghat prashikshan State member of committee and setting of syllabus guide Expert Guidance Student Psychology 4. Dnyansurya Book published Hindi Bal-Natak Prakashan, Pune Evam Rangmanch 2 Prof. Sonawane Mrunal Ashok 1. Nav Sahyadri Charitable Trusts, Institute of Business Management & Research, Chakan International interdisciplinary Conference on International Journal of multidisciplinary Research Factors of Working Culture A comparative Study of job satisfaction of nurses with special reference to private and public hospital in Pune City Choice Institute of Management Studies and Research,Pune Changes, Challenges and Consequences in Commerce, Management, Engineering, Technology and Social Science Factors of Work Environnment 2. The Global Open Universty, Nagaland (TGOU) & International Association of Academicians and Reasearchers (INAAR) International Research Colloquim on Contemporary Issues in Commerce, Management, Engineering and Social Sciences A comparative Study of job satisfaction of nurses with special reference to private and public hospital in Pune City 23 1

12 Sr. No. Name Of Faculty 3 Prof. Dhanokar Prashant Pralhad Junior Department Conducted By 1. Shree Ram Mandir Vidyalaya, Navlakh Umbare, Conference/Seminar/ Workshop/Symposium/ Guest Lecture Guest Lecture Topic/Paper Presentation/ Subject and Duration English 10th Standard Grammar and Writing skill 4 Prof. Thorave Jayashri 2. JCB Social and Education Society 1. Taware Snehal madam President - Marathi Abyas Mandal, Savitribai Phule Pune University and H.O.D of post graduation Marathi Research Centre Modern College Shivajinagar, Pune. Guest Lecture International Seminar in Thailand th 12 Board Paper pattern, Unseen solving passages Folk art and folk culture of various countries 2. Snehvardhan Prakashan Book Published Gandh Gabhara (Poetry) 124

13 25 1

14

15 ARTICLES SECTION MARATHI HINDI ENGLISH 127

16 _hmë_m Á`moVr~m \w$bo _hmë_m OmoVr~m \w$bo `m Mm OÝ_ 20 \o$~w«dmar 1827 amoor nwuo `owo _mir g_momvrb Jmoèho Hw$Qw> ~mv Pmbm Ë`m Mo _wi Jmd gmgds> OdiMo H$bJwUo ho hmovo. Jmoèho Hw$Qy> ~ OmoVr~mÀ`m OÝ_mnydu CXa{Zdm h H$aÊ`mgmR>r nwê`mv ñwm{`h$ Pmbo. nwê`mg \w$bm Mm ì`dg` H$aV Agë`m_wio Ë`m Zm \w$bo ho Q>monUZmd ns>bo. ñh$m {Q>e {_ezar emiov OmoVramdm Zr {eju KoVbo. Ë`m Zm dmmzmmr AmdS> hmovr, Wm _g noz `m À`m 'amb Q> Am \$ X _ Z' `m J«Wm_wio \w$bo à^m{dv Pmbo. Amnë`m AdVr- ^modvr Xw:ImV, Xm[aÐçmV OrdZ OJUmam g_mo nmhÿz \w$bo `m Zm _Zmo_Z AmnU H$mhr Var Ho$bo nm{hoo, Ago dmq>v Ago. ~«m U {_ÌmÀ`m b¾mà`m damvrv OmoVr~m \w$b Mm An_mZ Pmë`m_wio Ë`m À`m bjmv Ambo ~«m U g_mommr _ŠVoXmar, d ñdv:à`m ñdmwm gmr>r Ë`m Zr gd g_mombm dor>rg Yabo hr Jmoï> Ë`m Zm AmdS>br Zmhr. OmoVramd \w$bo `m Zr ñìrbm AË` V _hîdmmo ñwmz {Xbo Amho. ñìr g_mommm H $Ðq~Xy Amho. ñìr hr gm_m{oh$ {dh$mgmmr Jwé{H$ëbr Amho. B.g gmbr _wbtzm {eju XoUmar n{hbr emim gwé Ho$br. nwê`mv pñì`m Zm {eju XoUmè`m \w$b À`m emiov gwadmvrbm \$ŠV nmm _wbr {eju KoV hmoë`m. _hmë_m \w$ë`m Zr gwé Ho$boë`m _wbtà`m emiov H$m_ H$aÊ`mgmR>r {ejh$ {_iuohr Ë`m H$miÀ`m n[apñwvrv AeŠ` Pmbo hmovo. Ë`mgmR>r \w$bo `m Zr Amnë`m nëzrg {b{hê`mg-dmmzmg {eh${dbo d Ë`m Mr {e{jh$m åhuyz Zo_UyH$ Ho$br. {dydm nwzd gz Am{U ~mbhë`m à{v~ Y _Zwñ_ VrMr amzm Pmë`mnmgyZ pñì`m Mm gm_m{oh$ XOm KgaV Jobm, _wbrmm OÝ_ åhuoo {në`mà`m nmnh$_m Mr \$i Ago amr>r {d^mj ~mobbo OmV, _wbjr nrs>m Amho, ""Aï>dfm ^oq>rv H$Ý`m'' AmR> dfm Mr _wbjr Pmbr åhuoo {VMo b½z Ho$bo nm{hoo Aem ~mb{ddmh àwo{déõ \w$ë`m Zr AmdmO CR>{dbm. Vr ~ X H$aÊ`mgmR>r à`ëz Ho$boV. \w$ë`m Zr {dydm nwz{d dmhmà`m Midirg nmqr>~m {Xbm. VgoM Ë`m Zr ñdv: nwt>mh$ma KoD$Z gz 1864 _Ü`o nwê`mv EH$ {dydm nwz{d dmhr KS>dyZ AmUbm. _.\w$bo `m Zr gz 1863 _Ü`o ~mbhë`m à{v~ YH$ J h gwé Ho$bo. Añn í`vm {ZdmaUmgmR>r H$m` : _hmamï >mv Ë`m H$mimV Añn í`vm hr d ena naozo MmbV Ambobr AË` V dmb Q> àwm hmovr. CÀM duu`m H$Sy>Z Ë`m Zm AË` V dmb Q> dmjuyh$ {Xbr OmV hmovr. g_moordzmv Ë`m Zm H$moUVoM ñwmz ZìhVo. gz 1852 _Ü`o Ë`m Zr dovminor>ov Añn í`m À`m CÕmamgmR>r emim CKS>ë`m. gz 1853 _Ü`o Ë`m Zr _hma-_m J BË`mXr bmoh$m Zm {dúm {eh${dê`mh$[avm _ S>ir ZmdmMr g ñwm ñwmnz Ho$br. _hmë_m \w$bo `m Zr Jwbm_{Jar hm J«W {bhÿz g_momvrb CÀM^«y bmoh$m da H$S>H$ {Q>H$m Ho$br. jwðm Zr Amnë`m CÞVrgmR>r {dúm g nmxz H$amdr Agm g Xoe Ë`m Zr J«WmV {Xbm. Ho$di {eju Zmhr åhuyz jwðm Mo ZwH$gmZ Pmbo Amho ho gm JVm Zm OmoVr~m \w$bo åhuvmv H$s, ""{dúo {dzm _Vr Jobr, _Vr {dzm {ZVr Jobr & {ZVr {dzm JVr Jobr, Jvr {dzm {dîm Jobo & {dîm{dzm jyð ---- IMbo, BVHo$ AZW EH$m A{dÚoZo Ho$bo. &&'' gë`emoyh$ g_mo : 128

17 gë` gdmªmo Ka! gë` Y_m Mo _mhoa Aer \w$ë`m Mr lõm hmovr. ""gë`mnavm Zmhr Y_ Ÿ& gë` ho{m na~«ÿ&'' \w$ë`m À`m Y_m {dmmamv gë` {ZVr `m VÎdm Zm _hîdmmo ñwmz hmovo. gë`emoyh$ g_mommr gd ì`mßvr B ída EH$ Amho, Vmo gd ì`mnr, {ZJw U d gë`_` Amho. gd _mzd EH$m B ídammr boh$ao AmhoV. B ída CnmgZoMm gdmªzm hšh$ d A{YH$ma Amho. B ída ^ŠVrgmR>r ñwi, H$mi doi `m Mo ~ YZ Zmhr. B ída CnmgZogmR>r _Ü`ñW dm nwamo{hv `m Mr JaO Zmhr. _mzd OÝ_mZo loð> R>aV ZgyZ H$_m Zo loð> R>aVmo. H$moUVmhr Y_ J«W hm B ída àurv ZgyZ Ë`mMr {Z{_ Vr _mzdmzom Ho$br Amho. OmoVramdm Zr eovh$ar g KQ>Zm Midi, H$m_Jma Midi, Aer AZoH$ _hîdmmr H$m_o Ho$brV Am{U åhuyzm Ë`m Zm OZVoZo CËñ\y$V nuo 11 _o 1888 gmbr _w ~B `owo ""_hmë_m'' hr nxdr {Xbr. Ë`m Zr gmd O{ZH$ gë`y_ `m J«WmMo boiz nyu Ho$bo. 28 Zmoìh amoor amhë`m Kar JOnoR> nwuo `owo `m _hmëå`mmm _ Ë`y Pmbm. _hmamï >mà`m ^y_rv gxmmma, gx²>{dmma, ghmzw^yvr, g_vm, ghh$ma, _mzdvm d ~ YwËdmMo A_ V ~ro Ë`m Zr éodbo, Ë`m Mo {dmma ~mdþh$er gmoý`mgmaio hmovo. {à`m H$m ~mjd Eg.dm`.~r.E A YlÕm {Z_y bz : H$mimMr JaO A YlÕm åhuoo H$m`? A YlÕm åhuoo AmY im {dœmg Aer ì`m»`m AmnU H$aVmo. A YlÕm hm _mzdr g_mombm {_imbobm EH$ emn Amho. 'A YlÕm {Z_y bz' hr H$mimMr JaO Amho. lõm hr _mzdr OrdZmVrb EH$ A_yë` R>od Amho. AmB ds>rb, JwéOZ `m À`m{df`rMr lõm hr I{MVM A{^_mZmñnX ~m~ Amho. nu H$moUË`mhr lõomm A{VaoH$ hm eodq>r A YlÕoV n[auv hmod$z g_mombm hmzrh$mah$ R>aVmo. ~wdm, gmyy _hmamo, _h V `m À`mH$Sy>Z \$gdë`m Joë`mÀ`m AZoH$ dmvm gvv Amnë`m H$mZmda `ovmv. Voìhm bjmv `ovo H$s, AOyZhr Amnbm VWmH${WV àjv g_mo A YlÕoÀ`m {Z{~S> A YmamVM MmMnS>V Amho. {dkmzmà`m `m `wjmv hr lõmiy _ S>ir ~wdm À`m M_ËH$mamda {dœmg R>odVmVM H$go ho H$iV Zmhr. 129 AOyZhr A YlÕoMm njs>m Am_À`m g_momvyz nyu nuo Jobobm Zmhr. n emmm nmd$g nms>ê`mmo Am{_f XmIdyZ qgywxwj {OëhçmVrb _mbdu OdiÀ`m O JbmV gmv OUm Mr {ZKw U hë`m H$aÊ`mV Ambr hr Ho$dRT>r K UmñnX Jmoï> Amho. n emmm nmd$g nms>uo eš` AgVo Va Vgo H$ê$ eh$umam ~wdm ñdv:m nmd$g nmsy>z lr_ V Pmbm ZgVm H$m? Vmo n emmm nmd$g nms>ê`mgmr>r n go H$m KoVmo? hm gmym àízhr Amnë`mbm ns>v Zmhr. H$maU {nt>çmz{nt>çm Am_À`m g_momà`m ašvmv A YlÕm {^Zbobr Amho. A YlÕm \$mo\$mdê`mmo H$maU åhuoo bmo^ Am{U ^rvr. ^`J«ñV g_momv Zoh_r A YlÕm \$mo\$mdvo. J«h, Vmao, J«h_mZ `m{df`r emñìmošv _m{hvr AmO {dkmzmzo Amnë`mbm CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xbr Amho. J«hUmVrb {d{dy pñwë` Vao AmnU Xya{MÌdmUr dê$z nmhvmo. Varhr

18 A YlÕo_wio AmnU J«hUm{df`rÀ`m AZoH$ MwH$sÀ`m H$ënZm OmonmgV AgVmo, J«h_mZ, gms>ogmvr `mv _mzd AS>Hy$Z ns>bobm Amho. A YlÕm hr Ho$di A{e{jV Am{U Aën{e{jVm VM AmT>iVo Ago Zmhr Va CÀM{e{jV d ñdv:bm {dkmz{zð> åhudumar {H$Ë`oH$ _mugohr A YlÕobm H$dQ>miyZ ~gbobr {XgVmV. {ZdS>UyH$sMm AO Agmo, b¾ Agmo, qh$dm {MÌnQ>mMr gwédmv Agmo, H$moUË`mhr ZdrZ JmoîQ>rMm àma ^ ew^_whÿv nmhÿzm Ho$bobm AmT>iVmo. AmOhr A YlÕo_wio bhmz _wbtzm XodXmgr ~ZdyZ Ë`m Mo OrdZ CÕdñV Ho$bo OmVo. B{VhmgmH$S>o diyz nm{hbo AgVm Ooìhm `wamonr`z ^mavmv Ambo Voìhm Ë`m Zr H$maHy$Z dj {Z_m U H$aÊ`mgmR>r XoemV B J«Or nõvrmo {eju gwé Ho$bo. Ë`m_wio XoemVrb {e{jv VéUm Zm nmímmë` g ñh $Vr d B{VhmgmMm n[am` hmod$ bmjbm. `wamonr`z bmoh$ Amnë`mnojm gm_ï` embr H$m ~Zbo? Vo Amnbm Xoe H$m qohy$ eh$bo? `m Mr CÎmao Ë`m Zm {_iy bmjbr. qhxy g_momvrb A YlÕm d Xwï> ét>r Zï> Ho$ë`m{edm` Amnbm Xoe àjvrnwmda `ouma Zmhr mmr OmUrd {Z_m U Pmbr. A YlÕobm àmmrz H$mimnmgyZ {damoy hmov Ambm Amho. ~wõ, H$~ra, \w$bo, emhÿ, Am ~os>h$a, amom am mohz am `, ñdm_r X`mZ X gañdvr `m Zr VgoM AZoH$ g VmZrhr A YlÕobm H$S>mSy>Z {damoy Ho$bm. g V H$~ra åhuvmv - OÌm _ {~R>m`m nwam Ÿ& {VaW ~Zm`m nmzr Ÿ& Xw{Z`m ^`r {XdmZr & n go H$s YwbmYmZr Ÿ&& Joë`m E{àb _{hý`mvrb _oikmq> gma»`m Am{Xdmgr ^mjmvrb hr KQ>Zm 18 {Xdgm À`m ~mimbm VßV {dù`mmo MQ>Ho$ XoD$Z CnMma H$aÊ`mMm AKmoar àh$ma CKS>H$sg Ambm. 18 {XdgmÀ`m ZdOmV ~mbh$mbm OS>boë`m nmoq>\w$jrà`m AmOmamda _m {ÌH$mZo AKmoar nõvrzo CnMma Ho$ë`mMo g{mì d Îm AZoH$ dm{hý`m da XmI{dÊ`mV Amë`mZo Ii~i CS>mbr hmovr. _oikmq>mvrb XwJ _ d A{VXwJ _ ^mjmvrb XdmImÝ`m_Ü`o Vk S>m ŠQ>aM CnbãY Zgë`mMo dmñvdhr g_moa Ambo. AmOhr _hmamï >mv A YlÕm nyu nuo g nbobr Zmhr hmm Amho H$m Amnbm nwamojm_r _hmamï >? hr Ho$di Amnë`m _hmamï >mmrm n[apñwvr Zìho Va g~ Y ^mav^a A YlÕoÀ`m ê$nmzo Aem AZoH$ Xwï> ê$t>r àm{bv AmhoV. {Xd JV AmXaUr` Za Ð Xm^mobH$a `m Zr A {Zg Ûmao A YlÕm {Z_y bzmmo H$m` ZoQ>mZo Mmb{dbo hmvo. noemzo S>m ŠQ>a Agbo Var g_mo n[adv ZmMr VJ_J Ë`m Zm ñdñw ~gy XoV ZìhVr. A {ZgÛmao ~wdm~mor ^yv- ^mzm_vr, M_ËH$ma, A JmV `ouo, `m Mo {nvi CKS> nmsy>z Ë`m Zr Ë`mV Mmb{dbobo emofu Wm ~{dê`mmm d d km{zh$ Ñï>rH$moZmMm àgma H$aÊ`mMm à`ëz Ho$bm Amho. Omo _muyg H$m`_ {ddoh$mà`m, AqhgoÀ`m, gë`mà`m Am{U gë`emoyzmà`m _mjm Zo Jobm Ë`mMrM AmO hë`m Pmbr`, na Vw _muyg _mê$z {dmma Zï> hmov ZmhrV. Ë`m À`m {dmmam Mr AmO g_mombm {ZVm V JaO Amho, d km{zh$ nmvirda A YlÕonmgyZ gmdy amhuo JaOoMo Amho. VaM A YlÕoMm hm H$b H$ H$m`_Mm nwgyz Q>mH$Uo eš` hmob b. Hw$. d embr amo Ð Om_{ZH$ Eg.dm`.~r.E. 30 1

19 nmd$g Am{U _mzdr OrdZ ""nmd$g Ambm, nmd$g Ambm Jmam Mm dfm d Jwa AS>H$br amzm_ü`o X`mKZm Vy Ymd & '' Agm hm nmd$g eãx ~mobm`bm Am{U AZw^dm`bm {H$Vr N>mZ dmq>vo Zm! nydu Xhm dfm À`m H$mbI S>m_Ü`o nmd$g hm Xhm-Xhm qh$dm ~mam-~mam {Xdg gv VYma gwé Agm`Mm _wbo AmOma Xya ìhmdov åhuyz nmdgmv {^Om`Mr nmd$g hm BVH$m H$mogim`Mm H$s XmoZ-Mma {XdgmZ Va hm nmd$g H$Yr Wm ~ob Ago dmq>m`mo. ZÚm, Zmbo, Vir, {d{har, AZoH$ nmur gmr>durà`m OmJm ^ê$z dmhm`à`m. ZÚm, AmoT>o XwWS>r ^ê$z dmhm`mo, nmê`mmm àdmh hm BVH$m Agm`Mm H$s nwam{edm` n`m ` Zgm`Mm, Jmdo Ajae: dmhÿz Om`Mr na Vw ~iramom _mì gwimmo {Xdg nmhv hmovm. `mmo H$maU åhuoom nmdgmmo à_mu Mm Jbo hmovo. PmS>o O Jbo _mor>çm à_mumv hmovr, na Vw AmVm nmd$g H$_r à_mumv ns>vmo. gz 1998 Z VaÀ`m H$mimV XoemV BVH$s àjvr hmov Jobr H$s PmS>o hr OdiOdi Zï> hmov Jobr aoëdo, añvo, dmhvwh$sgmr>r S>m JaXè`m, Q>oH$S>çm \$mos>ë`m Joë`m Am{U _mor>-_mor>o Mm nxar, añvo, aoëdo_mj {Z_m U Ho$bo. dmhvwh$sgmr>r amï >r` _hm_mj C^mabo Jobo Am{U `m àjvr_ü`o {ZgJm Mr BVH$s hmzr Pmbr H$s, XoemVrb AZoH$ PmS>o VmoS>br Jobr. `mh$s>o _mzdmzo Xwb j Ho$bo. `mmm Mm JbmM \$Q>H$m AmnUm gdmªzm ~gbm Amho. emgzmbm nmurnwadr>çmgmr>r naamá`m dahr {dg ~yz amhmdo bmjv Amho. nmê`mgmr>r {Oëhçm _Ü`o ^m S>Uo hmovmzmhr {XgVmV. ho nmhÿz A{Ve` dmb Q> dmq>v Amho. emgzmzo Oa àjvr~amo~a PmS>o, O Jbo, dzg ï>r `mh$s>o OmñVrV OmñV bj {Xbo Va ZŠH$sM nwýhm EH$Xm Vmo {Xdg nmhmd`mg {_iob. AmOÀ`m _mo~mb b, B Q>aZoQ>À`m AmwY{ZH$ OJm_Yo _muyg hm EH$_oH$m nmgyz XwamdV Mmbbm Amho. Vmo BVam gmr>r H$_r na Vw ñdv:à`m gwimgmr>r OmñV n[al_ H$arV Amho. _muyg AmVm B Q>aZoQ> d _mo~mb bà`m Amhmar Jobm Amho. 131 na Vw Oa Ë`mZo `m gdmªnmgyz H$mhr {Xdg Ë`mJmË_H$ Am`wî` OJbo Va Ë`mMo-OrdZ ZŠH$sM gwymaob. _mzd EH$_oH$m nmgyz XwamdV Mmbbm Amho {ZgJm da _mv H$aÊ`mMm Vmo à`ëz H$aVmo` Ë`mZo {ZgJm bm ZmH$mabo Va {ZgJ hr Ë`mbm ZmH$maob. AmVm àë`oh$mzo {ZgJm Mr H$miOr KoVbr nm{hoo. d jvmos> Wm ~dyz OmñVrV OmñV à_mumv d j bmjds> Ho$br nm{hoo. åhuoom _muyg nwýhm n{hë`mgmaim nmdgmmm AmZ X KoD$ eho$b, AmZ Xr OrdZ OJy eho$b. nmd$g nwýhm n{hë`mgmaim H$mogiy bmjbm Va hr gordg ï>r H$Yrhr nmê`mnmgyz d {MV amhuma Zmhr. nydu Ogm OmoaXma Am{U _wgiyma H$mogim`Mm, gd OU Ë`m nmdgmà`m Q>nmoè`m Woã`mZ AmZ XyZ Om`Mo, S>m Ja {hadojma ìhm`mo, g ï>r Z{dZ ZdargmaIr ZQ>m`Mr. AmnU Oa nwýhm Zì`mZo {ZgJm bm {Z_m U H$am`Mo, {Q>H$dyZ R>odÊ`mMo ñdßz nm{hbo Va Vo ZŠH$sM nyu hmob b. Mbm Va _J AmnU gd OU {_iyz AZoH$ d j bmdy `mv! nwýhm nmd$g AZw^dy `m! AmVm gdmªzr EH$_oH$m À`m ghmæ`mzo {ZgJm Mr hmoumar hoigm S> Wm ~dbr nm{hoo. {ZgJ Amnë`mbm ^a^ê$z XoVmo. AmnU XoIrb {ZgJm bm nwýhm {Q>H${dÊ`mMm à`ëz H$am`Mm. AmnUhr {ZgJm da ^a^ê$z ào_ Ho$bo nm{hoo. _mzdr OrdZmÀ`m gwimgmr>r d jbmjds>rmo _hîd AmoiIyZ Ver A _b~omdur Ho$br nm{hoo.{zgjm Mo g dy Z Ho$bo nm{hoo. AmnU Amnë`m XoemÀ`m {dh$mgm~amo~a XoemVrb Z g{j H$ gm X` hr Omonmgbo nm{hoo. PmS>o bmdm, PmS>o OJdm Ÿ& {ZgJm bm gw Xa R>odm Ÿ& nmur dmmdm, nmur {Oadm Ÿ& {ZgJm bm AmZ XmMo dmvmdau Úm PmS>o bmdm PmS>o OJdm Ÿ&& F${VH$ _mévr _mzo 11dr dm{uá`

20 XwîH$mi _hmamï >mv AmOhr bmimo bmoh$ Aem n[apñwvrv OJV AmhoV. H$s Ë`m Zm XmoZ doim AÞ {_iê`mmr ^«m V Amho. H$maU `m XwîH$mir n[apñwvrnwt>o _hmamï >mà`m gjù`m ^mjmv {dh$mgmmr J Jm gmair dm[hbr Zmhr. Ë`mMà_mUo _hmamï >mgh XoemV ` Xm AZoH$ {R>H$mUr ^rfu XwîH$mimMm gm_zm eovh$è`m Zm H$amdm bmjv Amho. XwîH$mimgma»`m ^rfu AmnÎmr_wio CÚmoJ-ì`mnma {d{dy joìmbm _mor>m \$Q>H$m ~gbm _mì gdm {YH$ dmvmhv eovh$ar Hw$Qw ~mmr Pmbr. gbj XmoZ df Iarn d aã~r {nho$ nmê`ma^mdr dm`m Jobr. ñdv: OJm`Mo H$go? Hw$Qw> ~ gm ^mim`mo H$go? OZmdam À m Mmè`m nmê`mmr ì`dñwm H$er H$am`Mr? Ago `j àíz eovh$è`m nwt>o C^o am{hbo. ""Aao XwîH$mi XwîH$mi Ÿ& ns>o Ordmer Kmoa Ÿ& Mmam nmê`m{dzm T>moa Ÿ& H $e Pmbr Ÿ& Aao XwîH$mi XwîH$mi Ÿ& nmê`m{dzm Xmar Zi Ÿ& AÞmgmR>r as>o ~mi Ÿ& _mvm {në`mer Ÿ& '' eovh$ar Am{U Ë`m Mo Hw$Qy> ~ AWm V J«m_rU AW ì`dñwm CX²>ÜdñV hmoê`mmo _w»` H$maU åhuoo Vo eovrda Adb ~yz Amho. nmd$g H$moUmÀ`m hmvmr ~m~ Zmhr ho gd lwv Amho. na Vw ~r-{~`muo { ivrc H$s Zmhr? noabobo ~r CJdob H$s Zmhr `mmr qmvm `m gd àízm _wio eovh$ar ÌñV Pmbo, Vo g H$Q>mV AmhoV. Ë`m_wio AmOÀ`m `wjmv eovh$ar AmË_hË`m H$arV AmhoV. øm Mr g»`m _amr>dms>çmv Iyn Pmbr Amho. eovh$è`m Zm 12 _{hzo Vmg H$ï> H$amdo bmjvo. H$mhr eovh$ar IoS>r gmosy>z ehamv ñwbm VarV hmovmv. XwîH$mipñWVr nmhÿz AmnUhr ImarMm dmq>m CMbbm nm{hoo. XwîH$mimÀ`m ImB V _mì Jmoa Jar~ eovh$ar m Mr amiam Jmoir hmod$z OmB b Ë`mMm n[aum_ gd OJmbm ghz H$amdo bmjoc. ""Aao XwîH$mi XwîH$mi Ÿ& OJÊ`mMo ~i Ÿ& AmË_hË`oMm gwh$mi Ÿ& H$Om nmoq>r Ÿ& qh_v hê$ Z`o ~iramom Ÿ& OJr VyM XmVma Ÿ& EH$_oH$m XoD$ AmYma Ÿ& OJÊ`mgmR>r Ÿ& '' eovh$ar MmVH$mgmaIr nmdgmmr dmq> nmhvmo. nmd$g ns>bm Va Vmo AmZ XrV hmovmo. d Vmo eovmvrb {hadrjma ^mor ~momamv {dh$ê`mg AmUVmo. na Vw Ë`mMm `mo½` ~moma^md {_iobm Ago Zmhr. J«mhH$ Ë`m À`mH$Sy>Z H$_r ^mdmv ^mor IaoXr H$aVmo. ^mor, \$io Zmed V Agë`m_wio Ë`mbm {_iob Ë`m qh$_vrv Vr {dh$mdr bmjvo. _m b_ü`o _mì Amho Ë`m qh$_vrv AmnU dñvy IaoXr H$aVmo. eovh$è`mmr _ZmodñWm AmnU AmoiIbr nm{hoo. `mnwt>o gdmªzr eovh$è`m gmr>r Ë`m À`m Hw$Qw> ~mgmr>r H$mhr Var H$am`bm nm{hoo, H$maU eovh$ar OJbm Va AmnU OJUma AmhmoV ho {dgavm H$m_m Z`o. Vmo homam Mm nmoqexm Amho, Ë`m_wio eovh$ar dmmbm Va Amnbr ^mav_mvm gwobm_² gw\$bm_² hmob b Hw$.AmH$m jm ~m\$zm E\$.dm`.~r.H$m _. 132

21 dmmzm_wio _mâ`mv Pmbobo ~Xb dmmz H$aUo åhuoo g_moa Ambobo eãx AmoiIUo d Ë`m Mo AW OnUo. eãxm Ûmao H$drZo AWdm boih$mzo ì`šv Ho$bobo {dmma, H$ënZm Am{U ^mdzm g_oyz KoUo. Ë`mda AmnU _ZmVë`m _ZmV à{v{h«$`m àh$q> H$aUo. _mâ`m _VmZwgma dmmz Am{U _ZZ hom dmmzmmo gmyz. nwñvho$ ho J«Wmb` d dmmzmb` hrm gdm V _mor>r g nîmr. ho kmz Amnb H$YrM g nv Zmhr. Amnë`m g_mombm EH$m{Ë_H$ {dmmam nojm gd g_mdoeh$ {dmmam Mo AmH$f U dmq>vo Ë`m_wio Ë`m dmmznõvrà`m JwUm Mm gd g_mdoe Amho. H$moUË`mhr ^mfomo {eju ho ldu, ^mfu, dmmz, boiz `m Z g{j H$ H«$_mZo Pmbo Va gho d gmono hmovo. _amr>rgma»`m àjv ^mfomr _m S>Ur VH $ewõ Agbr Var {VÀ`m AÜ``ZmV mì _wbm À`m AmdS>Ë`m {ejh$mzo AÜ``Z H$ê$Z KoVbo Va _wbo d {ejh$ `m À`mV OdirH$ {Z_m U hmovo ho _bm dmmzmvyz OmUdbo. _r gwõm EH$m J«m_rU ^mjmvrb _wbjr Amho. _r gwõm J«m_rU ^mjmv n{hbr Vo Xhmdr {eju nyu Ho$bo Amho. _mâ`m Ë`m d`m_ü`o H$emVyZ Aä`mg H$amdm qh$dm dmmz H$aUo H$embm åhuvmv qh$dm Aä`mg H$gm H$amdm ho gwõm g_ov ZìhVo. nu OgOgo _r _mor>r hmod$ bmjbr VgVgo g_om`bm bmjbo. nwñvho$ H$emgmR>r AgVmV? nwñvho$ dmmyz H$m` hmovo? d Ogo nwñvho$ dmmê`mg gwédmv Ho$br VgVgo _mpo kmz dmt>vm Jobo. Or _m{hvr hdr hmovr Vr nwñvh$m _Ü`o Ago. Ë`mgmR>r _bm nwñvho$ dmmmdr bmjbr. Ë`mgmR>r emoyeãxm Mo eãxm H$Z H$aÊ`mMo ^m{fh$ H$m eë` _mâ`mnojm Ë`m À`mV OmñV hmovo. {eju åhuoo H$m`? {eju OJU {eh$dv H$m? {eju H$m_ H$aÊ`mMr j_vm {Z_m U H$aVo H$s Zd{Z{_ VrMr Aj` D$Om H$aÊ`mM H$m_ {ejumvyz hmov? ho gji {eju {_iê`mmm EH$ ñìmov åhuoo nwñvh$ Ho$ìhm bmjbo ho _bm dmmzmmo dos>? IaM _bmm Zmhr AmR>dV. hmo nu EH$ AmR>dV bhmznumnmgyz _r Iyn dmmz H$am`Mr Oo {Xgob Vo d ÎmnÌmnmgyZ Vo añë`m daà`m Om{hamVtn`ªV! gmvdrv AgVm Zm _r _hmamï > Xe ZmgmR>r Jobo hmovo. Á`m {R>H$mUr Jobo d {OWo {OWo nwñvh$m Mr XwH$mZo {Xgbr VoWo VoWo nwñvho$ Mmibr d AmB ~m~m H$S>o nwñvho$ KoÊ`mgmR>r _r hå> Ho$bm. _bm nwñvho$ nm{hoom, d àë`oh$doir _bm AmdS>ob Vo nwñvh$ `m`mo. _mâ`m nmbh$m Mo ho F$U _r H$Yrhr \o$sy> eh$uma Zmhr. dmmzmvyz Oa H$mhr {_idm`mo Agob Va AmZ X {_idmdm. AmZ XmgmR>r dmmz H$amdo. dmmzmvrb AmZ X H$m` Amho ho emoyyz H$mT>bo nm{hoo. nma nm[ah$ nwñvh$m er Amnb ^md{zh$ ZmV OmoS>b Jobobo AgVo. Ë`m_wio hr nwñvho$ hmvmiê`mgmr>r Amnb ñdv:m Ag dojionu Amho d Vo ZmH$maÊ`mg H$mhrM AW Zmhr. Aem nwñvh$m Mo H$mhr _`m XrV \$m`xo XoIrb AmhoV nu Vo H$mimÀ`m H$gmoQ>rda CVaÊ`mgmR>r nwaogo {XgV ZmhrV. N>mnrb nwñvh$m À`m AZoH$ _`m Xm ê$nmzo {XgyZ `ovmv. Ë`m_wio nwñvho$ dmmuo A{YH$ ñdñv d gmo`rmo ~ZVo. ho \$m`xo ~{KVë`mZ Va Amnë`mbmhr nwñvho$ dmmm`bm AmdSVrc `mmr _bm ImÌr Pmbr Amho. OJ^amVrb homamo bmimo boih$m Mr AZoH$ ^mfm _Yrb nwñvho$ {ZdS>rgmR>r CnbãY AmhoV. dmmz ho kmzmo ZmMo, a OZmMo d g ñh$mam Mo gmyz Amho ho kmz {_i{dê`mmo VwbZoZo ñdñv Agë`m_wio AmnU dmmy eh$vmo. `mo½` _mz{gh$voà`m VwbZo A^mdr nwñvho$ _hmj dmq>vmv, XmoZeo én`m Mm {nâpm ImD$Z [aq>z {JâQ> åhuyz H$mhr bmoh$m Mr {Z_ ÌU {_idvrc nu XmoZeo én`m Mo nwñvh$ `m _ S>itZm _hmj dmq>vo. na Vw Ë`mÀ`m kmzmvyz ^mdr Am`wî`mMr {exmoar {_iuma AgVo `mmr OmUrdM `m _ S>itZm ZgVo.

22 _r eodq>r EdT>oM gm Jy BpÀN>Vo H$s, dmmz åhuoo àjë^vm AZ hr JmR>m`Mr Agob Va H$Wm, H$mX ~è`m `m OmñVrV OmñV dmmz H$am`bm hì`mv dmmzmzo JwUdÎmm àmßv hmovo. JwUdÎmm hmm Iam Xm{JUm, n[ag dmxmvrb gya Amho. dmmzm_wio AmnU gd OJmer OmoS>bmo OmVmo. OJmV Mmbboë`m CbmT>mbr g OVmV AmOH$mbM `wj ho B Q>aZoQ>Mo `wj Amho. AmOH$mb gjio _mo~mb b, g JUH$ `m Mm dmna H$aVmV. Varhr gdmªzr nwñvho$ dmmm`bm hdrv. Vwåhr Xya{MÌdmUr, _hmomb, Ý`yO M Zëg, dv _mznìo Ë`m Hw$R>ë`mhr _mü`_mzo nwñvh$mm ZwH$gmZ Ho$bob Zmhr. CbQ> Vr eodq>r nwñvh$m Zm nyah$m R>abr Hakuna Matata Hakuna Matata ho Swahili ^mfovrb eãx AmhoV. Hakuna Matata `mmm AW H$moUVrhr qmvm ZgUo Agm hmovmo. Hakuna Matata ho XmoZ eãx Amnë`mbm Ho$di J_Vrera eãx Amho Ago dmq>vo. Á`m ì`švrzo EH$Xmhr ho eãx EoH$bo ZgVrb Ë`mbm ho eãx J _VrXma, _OoXma, {d{mìm dmq>vrb na Vw AmnU Ë`m Mm AW Amnë`m _mv ^mfov nm{hbo AgVm Vo Amnë`mbm Iyn gmyo dmq>vrb Ogo H$s, h! H$m` ~m~m... qmvm ZgUo EdT>oM Zm! Oar ho dmš` Amnë`m AmoiIrMo Agbo, AJXr amooà`m dmnamvbo Agbo Var Vo Amnë`mbm Iyn H$mhr gm JyZ OmVo. AmnU Oa EImÚm AS>MUrV Agbmo Var gd OU Amnë`mbm gm JVmV qmvm H$ê$ ZH$mo gd ì`dpñwv hmob b. Ë`mdoiog åhuoo Amnë`m AS>MUrÀ`m doir qmvm H$ê$ ZH$mo ho dmš` gwõm Amnë`mbm Iyn AmYma XoVo. Amho. gmoeb {_{S>`mMm dmna dmt>bm Var bmoh$m Mm {dídmg AmOhr d ÎmnÌdmMZmV Amho. 'dmmob Vmo dmmob' `m CŠVrda R>m_ {dídmg Agm`bm hdm åhuyz nwñvh$ ho H$YrM aôr ZgVo Omo H$mUr Ë`mbm {H$bmoÀ`m ^mdmzo {dh$vmo Ë`mg Ë`mMr qh$_v g_obobr ZgVo. åhuyz aôr_ü`o {dh$bo OmVo Ë`mgmR>r nwñvho$ OnyZ R>odm ho nwñvho$ Amnë`mbm H$Yrhr A Va XoV ZmhrV Vr H$Yrhr Ho$ìhmhr dmmvm `ovmv. AemàH$mao _mâ`m OrdZmV nwñvh$m_wio Iyn Mm Jbo ~Xb KS>bo. Hw$.Jm ar Vm ~o, Q>r.dm`.~r.H$m _. Aao H$m` qmvm H$aVmo Vy? Q>oÝeZ ZH$mo KoD$ Ago ~aom dmš` amoo Amnë`m H$mZmda `ovmv. Q> ez qh$dm qmvm hm Amnë`m OrdZmMm ^mj ~Zbm Amho. bhmz _wbm nmgyz Vo d Õm n`ªv gdmªzm H$mhr Zm H$mhr N>moQ>r _mor>r qmvm gvmdv AgVo. H$mhr OU Ë`m Zm AgUmar qmvm ì`šv H$arV ZmhrV ~mobv ZmhrV na Vw Ë`m À`m Mohè`mda Vr AmnmoAmn {XgyZ `ovo. Á`m _wbm Zm qmvm, Q> ez `mmm AW H$iV Zmhr Vr _wbo ghovozo ho eãx amoo dmnav Amho. _wbo ho eãx, AmB ds>rb, {_Ì, {ejh$, ZmVodmB H$ `m À`mH$Sy>ZM EoH$VmV Am{U VgoM AZwH$aU H$aVmV. qmvo_wio _mugmbm AZoH$ AmOmam Zm gm_moao Omdo bmjv Amho Am{U Amnë`mbm H$mhr Var ^` H$a AmOma Pmbm Amho `m H$miOrZo AmUIr Ìmg hmovmo. {MVm hr _mugmbm _au nmdë`mz Va OmiVo na Vw qmvm hr _mugmbm {Od VnUrM OmiVo. Va {_Ìm Zmo N>moQ>çm- 134

23 N>moQ>çm Jmoï>tMr H$miOr, qmvm H$ê$Z H$mhr gmü` hmov Zmhr Va Ë`mMm Amnë`mbmM Ìmg hmovmo. H$mhrOU `m_wio {S>àoeZ _Ü`o OmVmV. H$mhtZm `mvyz ~mhoa ns>uo eš` hmovo Va H$mhtZm eš` hmov Zmhr. `mgmr>r AmnU Amnbo _ZmoY ` dmt>dmdo Am{U qmvoda _mv H$amdr. Oa Amnë`mbm EImXr qmvm gvmdv Agob Va Ë`m{df`r Amnë`m AmB -ds>rbm er ~mobyz n`m `r _mj H$mT>mdm Oa AmB d{s>bm er ~moby eh$v Zgmb Va {_Ìm er, {ejh$m er ~mobyz Ë`mda _mj H$mT>mdm. qmvm hr AmOÀ`m OrdZmVrb _mor>m àíz hmov Mmbbm Amho. na Vw Ë`mda _mv H$ê$Z Ë`mda {do` {_i{duo ho nyu nuo Amnë`mM hmvmv Amho. ^{dî`mvrb H$m_m Mo {Z`moOZ Oê$a H$am na Vw qmvm H$arV ~gy ZH$m. Aä`mgmMr V`mar Oê$a H$am na Vw narjomr qmvm H$ê$ ZH$m. AmnU Ogo H$m_ H$ê$ Vgo \$i Amnë`mbm Oê$a {_ivo. So Friends lets Hakuna Matata Zm hmo H$moB qmvm... Zm hmo H$moB naoemzr Ÿ& Hakuna Matata... Hw$.AZKm à_mox d amja Q>r. dm. ~r. greg. H$Yrhr Z OÝ_bobr _wbjr Z_ñH$ma {_Ìm Zmo, AmoiIbV H$m _bm _r {VM Amho, Or Vwåhmbm ZH$moer Pmbr`, _r {VM {Obm {_i{dê`mmm Zmhr Va J_mdÊ`mMm Vw_Mm AmQ>m{nQ>m Mmbbm`. Vwåhmbm AmB nm{hoo, ~m`h$mo nm{hoo _J _wbjr H$m ZH$mo? hm àíz _r Vwåhmbm Zmhr {dmmauma? H$maU _bm _m{hv Amho, _mâ`m gmaim A~mob EH$Q>m Ord AmVë`m AmVM Kwg_Qy>Z _auma, Ë`mbm H$gbrM _XV {_iuma Zmhr, _bmhr ho g wxa OJ nmhm`mo Amho, nu _r Var H$m` H$ê$ _mâ`m AmB -~m~m Zm _r ZH$moer Pmbr. _mâ`m OÝ_gmR>r Iyn _mom} {ZKmbo, Iyn OU à`ëz H$aVmV _bm dmmdm, Agmhr Zmam XoVmV _J ñdv:à`mm ~m`h$mobm _wbjr Pmbr Va ~K Ago åhuyz H$m _mavm? VwåhrM åhuvm Zm, H$s _wbjr ho EH$ H$mMoMo ^m S>o Amho. åhuyz OodT>o Onbo VodT> H$_rM _J VwåhrM Ë`m H$mMoÀ`m ^m S>çmbm AmXi 35 1 AmnQ> H$ê$Z Ë`mMo _Z _mê$z Oa OnV Agmb Va Vw_À`m Ë`m OnÊ`mbm H$m` AW? `m OJmV _wbrbm OnVm Zm {Vbmhr _Z Amho. `mmm {dmma Vwåhr H$aV Zmhr, Vwåhr Vo OnVm Zm amoo \$mos>vm EdT>m {dmma H$am. H$mMM Vr \$mosy>z-\$mosy>z gmdvmzm hmvmv Kwgob, Ìmg VwåhmbmM hmob b. `m g_momv OJVm Zm OodT>r qhgm H$amb VodT>r Vr Vwåhmbm M _maob ho OJM Ago Amho, Oo _r {H$Vrhr AmQ>m{nQ>m Ho$bm Var _bm `m OJmV `od$m XoUma Zmhr. ~m~m! _bm _m{hv Amho Vwåhmbm, AmB bm Amnë`m Hw$Qw> ~mbm Am{U g_mombm _r ZH$moer Pmbo. nu _bmm AmVm ho OJ nmhm`mo Zmhr. H$maU BWo Va _mugmà`m _ZmVM XwJªYr Amho. Vw_MrM H$Yrhr Z OÝ_bobr _wbjr {hdamio gmozb 11 dr emó

24 Z{e~mda ~moby H$mhr...! Xod XoVmo Vo Z{e~ g OwZ AmnU Vo ñdrh$mavmo. ho JmT>dnU. Xod Oo Oo XoB b Vo bmoh$m Zr EH$Va Z{e~ ZmhrVa XwX}d åhuyzm ñdrh$mab`. nu H$Yr à`ëz H$aÊ`mMo H$ï> KoVbo Zmhr. Zoh_rM Z{e~-Z{e~ H$aV am{hbo. Z{e~hr VoìhmM gmw XoVo Ooìhm Amnë`m à`ëzm Zm A V ZgVmo. Ooìhm AmnU _ZmnmgyZ Am{U {OÔr _ZmZo nyu à`ëz H$aVmo. Voìhm Amnbo Z{e~ dmb Q> Agob Varhr na_oídambm Amnbo à`ëz _mý`m H$amdo bmjvmv. ""OJm BVHo$ H$s, Am`wî` H$_r ns>ob, hgm BVHo$ H$s, AmZ X H$_r ns>ob, H$mhr {_imbo Va Z{e~mMm Ioi Amho, nu à`ëz BVHo$ H$am H$s, na_oídambm XoUo ^mjm ns>ob'' AZoH$Xm bmoh$m Zm ~mobvm Zm nm{hb` H$s ZmoH$ar Zmhr {_imbr H$s _mp Z{e~ M ZìhV, b¾mgmr>r Mm Jbr _wbjr {_imbr ZmhrVa åhuvmv _mp Z{e~ {H$Vr dmb Q> Amho, n[ajov Zmnmg Pmë`mda Xod {H$Vr H$R>moa dzm_ü`o OÝ_mbm Ambo EH$ amz\y$b AdVr ^dvr H$mQ>oHw$Q>o Zgo _m`omr Pwb ~mbnurm MT>bo ~mohë`mda ñìr OÝ_m Ambr, hrm H$m {VMr ^yb {në`mmm A{^_mZ _Zr _mor>m öx`mv Ë`m À`m _m`omm gmr>m H$ar CnXoe boh$sg AZ_mob AÝ`m`mMm _mosy>zr Q>mH$ H$Um XrZ Xw~i`m Mm OrdZmbm VyM AmYma EH$ nwavm Amho.`mhr doiog _bm Zmnmg Ho$b. nu H$moUr ho Zmhr åhuv H$s _rm Hw$R>oVar H$_r ns>bmo, _mpo à`ëz H$_r ns>bo. Zoh_r Z{e~mbmM Xmof Úm`Mm Ia Va `mv Z{e~mMm Zmhr Va Amnë`m à`ëzm Mm Xmof AgVmo. Amnbo à`ëz H$_r ns>vmv Voìhm Z{e~hr gmw gmos>v. Ë`m_wio _mugmzo EH$ Jmoï> Zoh_r bjmv R>odbr nm{hoo H$s, Z{e~mda Adb ~yz Z amhvm à`ëzm da Adb ~yz am{hbo nm{hoo. Z{e~mM JmU JmÊ`mV H$mhr AW ZgVmo. Z{e~ Va Zoh_rM ~XbV nu à`ëzm Zm hmvmer Yabo Va Z{e~hr pñwa hmob b åhuyzm _bm H$mhr ~mobmdgo dmq>vo. H$nmimdarb aofov ^m½` emoyê`mnojm H$nmimdarb Km_mVM ^{dî` emoyë`mg Am`wî`mV H$nmimda hmv Q>oH$dÊ`mMr Vw_À`mda H$YrM doi `ouma Zmhr. åhuyzm Z{e~dmXr hmoê`mnojm à`ëzdmxr ìhm. `e Vw_Mr dmq> nmhv Amho. lõm nmns>o 12 dr emó (qgywvmb gnh$mi `m À`m H$V Ëdmbm gbm_) dz H$Ý`m 36 1 KoVbm dgm gmosy> ZH$m AmVm _mkma Z KoVm dzdmgr ~m Ydm gmr>r {PObo gmao OrdZ Ë`mJ H$éZr VoMm Omibo gmao OrdZ XrZ Xw~ù`m À`m hšh$m gmr>r ~ S> Vw nwh$mabo gmè`m dzdmgr ~m Ydm Mo OrdZ Vw Vmabo Aer hr {MIbXè`mMr dzh$ý`m {MIbmVyZ CJo H$_i `mmr OUy gmj XoVo hr Amì`mOr gmr> Mr gwh$ý`m àm. O lr Wmoado (JìhmUo) Á w. {d^mj, amr>r

25 Xya Xoer Xya Xoer Jobo ~m~m emoyy Hw$R>o Ë`mgr gm Jm Hw$R>ë`m Xoem, Hw$R>ë`m Jmdm Xya Xoer Jobo ~m~m Kam_Ü`o gmao CUCUo A JUhr ns>bo gwzogwzo Xod Zmhr XodKamV {MÎm Zmhr AmB Mo XohmV Xya Xoer Jobo ~m~m g a ^ a Pmbo _Z gwz Pmbo gmao amz Jm` Zmhr JmoR>çmV dmgê$ Pmbo ~o^mz Xya Xoer Jobo ~m~m _mhoamv gmao gwzogwzo ZOa hr ~m~mbm Yw S>o Hw$Ur gm Jm _mâ`m ~m~mbm EH$Xm{M `od${z Hw$erV `mdo boh$ambm Xya Xoer Jobo ~m~m emoyy Hw$R>o Ë`m gr gm Jm àm.o`lr am.wmoado (JìhmUo) Á`w. {d^mj, _amr>r AmB AmB Agm eãx Omo _mv Ëdmbm Zdr C^mar XoVmo AmË_m Am{U B ída `m Mo {_bz KS>{dVmo AmB åhuydz KoU Am{U EImÚm ì`švrbm AmB åhuv ào_ gmjamv _mv ËdmMr Zmd gmos>u OnVo Vr gjù`m Zm, Ord bmdvo Vr gjù`m Zm Varhr eodq>r {VÀ`mM Z{e~mV H$m hm Ìmg? bhmznur _m`m, _mor>onur H$m {hamdyz KoVm, Vwåhr {VMm ídmg? AmB åhuvmm OJ qoh$ë`mgmai dmq>v _J H$m N>iVm {Vbm H$m Vwåhmbm {VbmM gmosy>z Omd dmq>v... AmB åhum EH$Xm öx` ^ê$z `ob b, {VÀ`m{edm` Am`wî`mVrb àë`oh$ OU g H$Q>H$mir gmosy>z OmB b... AerM AgVo Vr Xwgè`mgmR>r {POUmar Xwgè`mgmR>r bt>umar Oar Zgob Vr {edmor _hmamo Am{U PmerMr amur Var \$ŠV Vw_À`mgmR>r Vr Zoh_r ~mobob dmkmmr dmur... \$ŠV AmB... _mpr Am{U Vw_Mr \$ŠV AmB... {hdamio gmozb a_mh$m V 11dr emó 137

26 H$m {Q>ë o AW emó H$m {Q>ë o AW emómmm Ìm{YH$ma m Am{YH$aUmV Ë mzo Ì, V Ì à mojmvyz eìy - ZmeZmMo Zwî hmzr VgMo newhmzr XoIrc Amho m gd à mojmmm Cn moj gho {dídmg ~goc Agm Xoe, dof, Y Xm d CnH$aUo m Mm A JrH$ma H$aUmè m Am{U Hw$~S>o, Iwßno, WmoQ>o, who$, ~{hao, dos>o, Am Yio BË mxrmo gm J KoUmè m åcoàn> OmVrÀ m Bï> {ó m Zr qh$dm nwê$fm Zr H$amdm H$maU ho gd cmoh$ amomà m d amo hmcmà m H$m g nh$m V AgVmV amomà m cdmoå mv m Mm g mdoe AgVmo. H$mhr Am fym À m Cn mojmzo Ogo VmËH$mi àmu OmUmao {df, {d{dy Ywam Mm Cn moj H$ê$Z Ñï>r Zmhrer H$aUo d mauo OodUmVyZ AWdm ÐdnXmWm VyZ AWdm nmê mà m {d{dy ómovmvyz Ogo H$s ZXrVyZ {dfà moj H$ê$Z eìymm Zme H$aUo VgoM H$mhr Am fymà m conmzr {MaH$mc {Q>H$Umao amoj åhuoom j amoj, Hw$ï>amoJ d à oh amoj d H$mhr Am fymà m Cn mojmzo hm mar CËnÞ H$ê$Z eìymr $gduyh$ H$amdr Ago H$m {Q>ë åhuvmo. eìymr $gduyh$ H$ê$Z Ë mg Km~ê$Z gmosy>z Ë mmo amá hau H$aÊ mgmr>r H$mhr Cnm moomdo na Vw m Cnm m Mm g Vmn C^ njm Zm gmaimm cmjy Amho. Ogo H$s, H$mhr Am fyo KoVë mg Zwî {hzm^a Cnmer amhÿ eh$vmo {ZImè mvyz MmcUo Vm S>mVyZ Yya d Ádmcm H$mT>Ê mmm à moj ^a nmdgmv d nmê mv A½Zr Z {dpuo qh$dm AmJ Z cmjuo m gdm À m à mojmzo eìyg Km~ê$Z Q>mH$Vm ovo. Am fym à muo H$mhr ÌmÀ m Cn mojmzo XoIrc eìymm Zme Ho$cm OmD$ eh$vmo d Ë mg $gdco OmD$ eh$vo àmê m Zm JmT> Pmon cmjuo, XadmOm CKS>Uo, AmH$memV CS>Vm ouo, YZwî mmr Xmoar VwQUo, Ñï>r Zmhrer hmouo eovmv qh$dm XþH$mZmV ZwH$gmZ hmouo, EImÚm ^m S>çmVrc nxmw Z g nuo, ÌmZo H$i AmUUo, cmour AmUUo B. gd Ìm Mm d OmXÿQ>moÊ mmm Cn moj H$ê$Z eìymm Zme H$amdm d ñdozm Mo aju H$amdo. H$m {Q>ë Ogo eìyà m {dzmemmo Cnm gm JVmo VgoM amommo d g Ý mmo g ajuna Cnm XoIrc gm JVmo Ogo H$s, {dfmmm Zme H$aUo, CÝ mx amoj, Hw$ï> amoj, j amoj, AY erer qh$dm H$nmiXþIr Xÿa hmouo, ~oewõr Zmhrer hmouo gy H$m V UrÀ m Cn mojmzo ~os>r VmoS>m cm XV hmovo. Ago Cnm gm {JVco. VgoM {ZemÝV àmr>ryr m AÜ m m Ü o gmn d AmJ m Xmohm nmgyz g aju H$am Mo Cnm gm {JVco AmhoV. Jmdm Ü o AmJ cmjy Z o åhuyz ZXrMr nyom H$amdr, dox OmUUmè m cmoh$m Zr A{Vd ï>r ~ X ìhmdr åhuyz Ì nr>u H$amdo XþîH$mi ns>ë mg B Ð, J Jm, nd V d dê$u m Mr nyom H$amdr, X e à{vh$mamgmr>r AWd doxmvrc A{^Mma gyº$mmo nr>u H$amdo. ^yv {nemƒ BË mxrh$m Mm CnÐd Pmë mg AWd dox OmUUmè m Zr ÌmMo nr>u H$amdo Amgwar g ï>rà m {ZdmaÊ mgmr>r AWd doxmv gm {JVcocr em Vr H$ } H$amdrV. H$m {Q>ë mzo Ogo eìyzmezmv AWd doxmmm Cn moj Ho$cm. VgoM d Õ g moj m AÜ m mv Mm ch$ CnZ Z, JmoXmZ{dYr ho H$mhr g ñh$ma amonwìmda Pmco nm{hoo Ago åhuvmo Vmo Agohr åhuvmo H$s, ""{dúozo gwg ñh $V Pmcoë m amom àoocm mo½ mj XmIdVmo d EH$ N>Ìr amá mmm Cn^moJ KoVmo. H$m {Q>ë mà m Ìm{YH$aUmV gwê$dmvrcmm Vmo Ago åhuvmo H$s, "" Ì d Am fyr m Mm Cn moj Y ~mø AmMaU H$aUmè m cmoh$m dam H$amdm'' AW emó, 138

27 Y emó mv [damoy Pmë mg H$m {Q>ë Zoh r Y emómg àmymý XoVmo. ""fms>jwê g wë oe' m A{YH$aUmV gmpýy {dj«h AmgZ mv g l ÛoYr^md m ghm àh$mamr YmoaUo gm {JVcr AmhoV. m YmoaUmÛmam e Z { imë mg Ì- V ÌmMm dmna H$amdm Ago Vmo åhuvmo AWd doxmvrc A{hVH$maH$ d {hvh$mah$ m XmoÝhr Jmoï>tMm Cn moj Ë mv Ho$cocm Amho na Vw A{hVH$maH$ Cnm m Mm Cn moj e³ Vmo Q>mimdm d JaO ns>ë mg gw mo½ nõvrzo Ë m Mm dmna H$amdm. mvwymz, {H$ rxr {H$ r Am{U XÿaZm B. AWd doxmvrc Am fym darc gyºo$ AmhoV mvwymz {H$ rxrz d A{ÎmV AmXr {nemƒ {dê$õmmr VrZ ñdv Ì gwºo$ AWd doxmv AmhoV Vmo Agohr åhuvmo H$s, Ìê$nr S>moù mzr amomcm eìymr ñwmzo {XgVmV d à ËZm À m nmr>monmr> X d ovo d X dmà m AZwHw$cVo{dZm A{Và ËZ H$ê$Z XoIrc Vmo {d $c hmovmo. X d AZwHy$c Zgoc Va gmono H$m hr Xþ:gmÜ hmod$z ~gvo Ago Pmë mg X dmmr à{vhy$cvm em Vr H$ m Zo Xÿa H$amdr Ago H$m {Q>ë åhuvmo. nu Omo nyu nuo X dmda hdmcm hmod$z ~gvmo Ë mmr H$m {gõr hmov Zmhr Ë m wio mzdr à{vhw$cvm H$m eë mzo Xÿa H$amdr Ago Ë mmo V Amho hr gd gyºo$ AWd doxmv AmhoV d m Mm dmna XoIrc H$m {Q>ë mzo Amnë m AW emómv Ho$cocm Amho. H$m {Q>ë m À m "AW emó' m J«WmV Ë mzo "gám J {gõm V hr g H$ënZm m S>cr Amho. mv 15 A{YH$aUo d 150 àh$auo AmhoV g ñh $V dms²>: mv hm J«W A{ÛVr Amho Ë m Mr gám J amom A më { Ì H$moe amhÿ XþJ ~c amá mmr H$ënZm ^mavr amozrvr Ü o wc^yv Yacr OmVo. AemàH$mao H$m {Q>ë mzo gám J H$ënZoV AW ì dhmamv Z o$~mor [dê$õ Ë mzo Bemam {Xcm AgyZ Y ÚmMo amï >r H$aU H$aUo Ë mg mý hmovo. gah$mar XoVm amoo njma Úmdm. cmmimd$ A{YH$mè mda dmh$ R>odmdm Xoe Y m À m ZmdmImcr àoocm wõmoý wi H$amdo B {dmma m S>co AmhoV. AM Zm S>mdIa Eg. dm. ~r. E. 139

28 JUoemoËgd H$mc Am{U AmO ñdmv Í nyd H$mimV {~«{Q>e gah$mazo gmd O{ZH$ g^m Am{U cmoh$m À m EH$Ì oê mda ~ Xr KmVcr hmovr Am{U OZOmJ VrgmR>r cmoh$m Zm EH$Ì AmUUo AË V JaOoMo hmovo. Xoemcm ñdmv Í { idyz XoÊ mà m {dmmamzo cmoh$ mý {Q>iH$ ^maco hmovo. cmoh$m Zm EH$Ì H$go AmUVm ob c mmm {dmma H$aV {JaJmd Mm nmq>rda g wð{h$zmar ~gë m-~gë m Vo dmiynmgyz yvu ~ZdV Am{U Ë m yvu nhm cm cmoh$ O m hmov AgV Ë m yvu nm{hë mz Va cmoh$m À m oumè m à{v{h«$ m dê$z Ë m À m Ago cjmv Amco H$s ^mavr cmoh$ A{Ve lõmiy Am{U B ídamcm Km~aUmao AmhoV Xod Am{U Ym[ H$ ^mdzm Mm ^mavr OZ mzgmda O~aXñV njs>m Amho, Ym{ H$ H$m m gmr>r AmngmVrc hodoxmdo Am{U d a {dgê$z Vo EH$Ì ovmv. Ë m wio {Q>iH$m À m ZmV {diwacoë m OZVocm EH$Ì ~m YÊ mgmr>r EH$ AmeoMm {H$aU {Z m U Pmcm Ym{ H$ H$m m gmr>r cmoh$m À m EH$Ì oê mcm {~«{Q>e gah$ma {damoy H$ê$ eh$uma Zmhr ho {Q>iH$m Zr AmoiIco Am{U Ë mvyzm JUoemoËgdmcm gmd O{ZH$ ê$n Úm Mr H$ënZm Ë m À m ZmV Amcr. ~wõr Mr XodVm JUnVr hr gd ñvamvrc cmoh$m Zm {à Am{U d XZr Agë m wio m H$m m gmr>r Ë m Zr JUoemMr {ZdS> Ho$cr. qhxÿ {XZX{e Ho$ Zwgma ^mðnx {hý mvrc ew³c njmvrc MVwWucm Xhm {Xdgm À m JUoemoËgdmMr gwédmv Pmcr Am{U AZ V MVwX ercm JUoe yvumo {dgo Z H$aÊ mmr àwm ns>cr CËgdmÀ m {Z{ ÎmmZo cmoh$ EH$Ì O V Ë m wio Ë m Mo à~moyz H$aUo gho e³ hmov Ago. {~«{Q>e gah$ma Ym{ H$ H$maUmñVd m CËgdmcm {damoy H$ê$ eh$v Zgë m wio {Q>iH$m Mm cmoh$m Ü o amï >{^ mz EH$Vm Am{U ñdmv Í { idê mmr àoaum {Z m U H$aÊ mmm hovy g $c Pmcm. {Q>iH$m Zr JUoemoËgdmMr { aduyh$ H$mT>Ê mmr g H$ënZm m S>cr. Ë m wio cmoh$m Zm EH$Ì AmUyZ { aduyh$sà m 40 1 {Z{ ÎmmZo ñdmv Í Am{U EH$ ñdv Ì amï > åhuoo Z $s H$m ho XmIdyZ XoÊ mmm {Q>iH$m Zm EH$ Cnm gmns>cm gmcr cmoh$ mý {Q>iH$m Zr "Ho$gar' m dv mznìmvyz gmd O{ZH$ JUoemoËgdmMr g H$ënZm cmoh$m g moa m S>cr gmcr nwê mvrc "Ho$gardmS>m' owo {Q>iH$m Zr JUnVrÀ m mvrà m yvumr ñwmnzm Ho$cr. Ë m Zr gmd O{ZH$ JUoemoËgdmMm àgma H$am cm gwê$dmv Ho$ë mda hiyhiy JUoemoËgdmcm gmd O{ZH$ CËgdmMo ñdê$n àmá Pmco. AmO hm CËgd gd ^mavmv CËgmhmZo gmoa Ho$cm OmVmo. nu hmamï > Voc JUm Am{U H$Zm Q>H$ Ü o m CËgmdmcm {deof hîd Amho. Xoem~mhoa naxoemv Jococo qhxÿ nu hm CËgd CËgmhmV gmoam H$aVmV. cmoh$m À m EH$ÌrH$aUmÀ m CÔoemZo nwt>o "EH$ Jmd EH$ JUnVr' hr g H$ënZm nu ê$ocr AmO mì gmao nmcq>co Amho. [Q>iH$m Zr m S>cocr yi g H$ënZm ~moycm amhÿz Ho$di EH$ àwm ~ZyZ am{hcr Amho. CËgd gmoam H$aÊ mà m nõvrvhr Am ycmj«~xc Pmcm Amho "EH$ Jmd EH$ JUnVr' Ago Z H$aVm AmVm EH$ añvm Am{U Xhm JUnVr Agm ZdrZ àh$ma Mmcy Pmcm Amho, Mm H$m-Mm H$mV JUoe S>io ñwmnz Pmcr AmhoV. gd S>i mor>o- mor>o XoImdo gmxa H$ê$Z H$H $e AmdmOmV JmUr dmodyz Am{U à{gõ ì qº$zm ~mocmdyz cmoh$m Zm AmH${f V H$aÊ mmm à ËZ, AmQ>m{nQ>m H$aVmZm {XgVmV. S>im À m g^mgxm Zr dj UrÀ m ZmdmImcr gm mý OZVoMr cyq> H$aUo ho Va Zoh rmom Pmco Amho. AmOH$mc emsy>à m yvu OmD$Z ßc ñq>a Am $ n [agà m yvvzm àmymý {Xco OmVo H$maU Ë m dozmzo hc³ m AgVmV Am[U qh$ VrV nu ñdñv ns>vmv. nu n m daumda hmoumè m Xþîn[aUm mmm {dmma H$am cm doi H$moUmH$S>o? {dgo ZmÀ m Xþgè m {Xder ZXr Am{U g wð{h$zmar

29 OmD$Z nm{hco AgVm. Amnë m cms>³ m JUam mà m ^¾mdñWoVrc yvumr hmoumar {dq> ~Zm nmhÿz S>moio nmumdvmv. H$U H$Qy> AmdmOmVrc ~r^ëg JmUr hm AmOH$mc gdmªà m {Oìhmù mmm {df Pmcm Ë m AmdmOm wio VmÝhr wco Am{U Ooð> ZmJ[aH$m Zm hmoumam Ìmg Va {IOJUVrV ZgVmo. JUoemoËgd S>nm mjo Xmê$À m ~mq>ë m Mo T>rJ gmns>ë mà m oumè m ~mvå m VgoM H$m H«$ g mamonmz Va l n[ahmamà m Zmdmda JwnMyn MmcUmè m Zm ZìhoO Am{U Amoë m nmq>çm À m ~mvå m Z {dfêu H$aVmV. AmnU H$m H$aVmo mmohr ^mz AmOÀ m wdm{nt>rcm Agy Z o? H$moUmMm XoImdm gdm V ^ì Amho, S>r Oo Mm gdm V mor>m Wa H$moUmMm Amho? H$moUVo S>i nm ß wca go{c~«oq>r AmUVo Ë mmrm Mwag gd S>im Ü o {XgVo gjirh$s>o gmyonum nojm ~S>oOmd OmñV AmT>iVmo. ì mnmar gum Mo Am {MË gmyyz Om{hamV H$aVmV. mmo Ë m S>imcm ^anya n go { ivmv. Oo AdmñVd IM ^mj{dê mgmr>r dmnaco OmVmV AZ{YH $VnUo m S>d KmcyZ AYm nojm A{YH$ Va H$Yr-H$Yr nyu añvm AS>dcm OmVmo. dmhvwh$sg AS>Wim hmovmo. åhuyz VH«$ma H$aUmè m dmhzmmch$mg X XmQ>r, àg Jr mahmu H$am cmhr H$mhr S>imMo gxñ mjo-nwt>o nmhv ZmhrV. JamoXa {ó m VgoM AnKmVJ«ñV cmoh$m Zm KoD$Z OmUmè m é½udm{hh$m dioda é½umc mv nmohmy Z eh$ë m wio {H$VrVar cmoh$ dmq>ov XJmdë mà m AZoH$ XþX dr KQ>Zm KS>VmV, EH$mMr Om Xþgè mmr gom ~ZVo. nu m gdm nojm hîdmmm Amho Vmo CËgd Zmhr H$m? H$moUmÀ m gwi-xþ:imer H$m KoUo-XoUo? JXuMm $m Xm KoD$Z KS>Umao JwÝho, {hcm Mr N>oS>N>mS>, Ú {nd$z hmoumè m mam mè m, Adm À ^mfovrc {edrjmi Am{U qyjmum ho {ZË mmom Pmco Amho. ho gd nm{hë mda Ago dmq>vo H$s, gmd O{ZH$ JUoemoËgd gwê$ H$aÊ m mjmm cmoh$ mý {Q>iH$m Mm CÔoeM AmO Hw$R>oVar hadcm qh$~hþzm AmnU Vmo CÔoeM Jw S>miyZ R>odcm Am{U Cacm Vmo $º$ CËgdmÀ m ZmdmImcr gwê$ Agcoë m Xhm {Xdgm Mm V mem. AmH$me amo qexo ~m moq>oh$ 141

30 qhxr {d^mj wdm ^mav H$s wdm mz{gh$vm amr>r Ho$ coih$ " ed Vamd MìhmU' Or Zo H$hm h, {H$ ì {³V C «go wdm Zht hmovm & dh AnZo H$V ì go wdm hmovm h & " wdm' eãx H$mo AJa h CëQ>m H$a Xo Vmo CgH$m AW hmovm h - "dm w' & dm w O~ VoO McVr h, V~ ~ S>o - ~ S>o Am±Yr Vw $mz AmVo h & wdm Cg ì {³V H$mo H$hm OmVm h, Omo g H$Q> Am a H${R>ZmB m H$m {ZS>a hmoh$a gwp~wp go gm Zm H$a & AmO H$c n[apñw{v m± Hw$N> AcJ hr {XImB Xo ahr h & h mao Zd wdh$m Ho$ gm Zo H$moB {ZpíMV cú hr Zht h & {H$gr {dûmz Zo H$hm h, {H$ n {Vg gmc H$s C «B gmz H$mo Omo wh$m hm{gc H$aZm h & dh Cgo n Ðh gmc H$s C «gmomzm Mm{hE & AmO H$c h mao wdh$m Ho$ gm Zo H$moB CÔoe hr Zhr h & H$moB CZgo nyn>mo Vw AmJo OmH$a ³ m ~ZZm MmhVo hmo? dmo CgH$m O~m~ Zhr Xo nmvo & Bg mz{gh$vm H$mo ~XcZo H$s Oê$aV h & ^mav Ho$ nyd amï >nvr "S>m. E. nr. Oo AãXþc H$cm ' Or Zo 2020 ^mav H$mo EH$ hmgîmm ~ZmZo H$m gnzm XoIm h & h gnzm CÝhm Zo wdm {n T>r H$mo gm Zo aih$a XoIm Wm & na Vw AmO H$s wdm {n T>r Ho$dc Zmoa OZ Ho$ gmyzm Sy>~r hþb h & dh IwX Ho$ ~mao Vmo gmomvo hr Zht Vmo Xoe Ho$ ~mao ImH$ gm MoJo & ~hþv go wdh$ ì gzm{yzvm Sy>~ JE h & oao I mc go AmO h mao Xoe H$m ^{dî IVao h & wdmam H$mo C{MV mj Xe Z H$s Amdí H$Vm h & kmzoída Or Zo gmoch {H$ C «"kmzoídar' J«W {cim & Cg J«W na AmO cmoj AÜ Z H$aHo$ Cnm{Y àmá H$aVo h & oam H$hZm h Zhr h, {H$ h kmzoída Or H$s Vah {díd H$m {dmma H$a gh$vo h & na Vw h IwX Ho$ {ce Vmo Hw$N> H$aZm MmhrE& h mar ^mavr g ñh ${V Ho$ wdm {nt>r H$m nmímmë g ñh ${V go cjmd h & Bg cjmd H$mo H$ H$aZo H$s Oê$aV h & nmímmë g ñh ${V H$s ~war ~mvm H$m AZwH$aU wdm {n T>r H$mo Zht H$aZm MmhrE & ì gz H$aZm, {gjaoq> {nzm Eogr ~mvm H$m AZwH$aU Zht H$aZm Mm{hE & BgH$m AW h Zhr h, {H$ nmímmë g ñh ${V ~war h & CgH$s H$B AÀN>r ~mvo h & g H$m {Z mooz H$aHo$ AnZo H$V ì H$mo C{MV g nwam H$aZm Mm{hE & IwX H$s Am a Xoe H$s àjvr H$aZr MmhrE & 26 Zd~ a 2008 H$mo w ~B hþe AmV H$dmXr h co ""gmcgh$a', "H$m Q>o', "H$aH$ao', "CÞrH $îuz' O go h mao Xoe Ho$ OdmZ e{hx hmo JE & o h mao {ce EH$ àoaum ñwmz h & ³ mo {H$ CÝhmo Zo IwX H$m Zhr, Xoe H$m gmomm Wm & Cgr Vah h wdmam ^r Xoeào OmJ V hmozm Mm{hE & Am a AJa Eogm hþam Vmo AmV H$dmX O gr g ñ m O S> go CIm S> XoZo ~hþv g Zhr cjojm & amr>r Ho$ coih$ "nw. c. Xoenm S>o' Or Zo H$hm h, {H$ ^mav Jm ~hþv n{dì h & Cgo gå mz go nyom OmVm h, na Vw O~ nw. c. Xoenm S>o c S>Z JE Wo & V~ CÝhmoZ XoIm {H$ dhm± Jm H$m BñVo mc, {g $ EH$ XÿY XoZodmcr {ez H$s Vah {H$ m OmVm h & ^mavr g ñh $[V {díd H$s AÝ g ñh ${V m H$m AmYma h & Bgr{cE h mar wdm {n T>r H$mo nmímmë g ñh ${V H$m Zhr, ^mavr g ñh ${V H$m AZwH$aU H$aZm MmhrE & Ioc OJV H$m CXm. co Vmo " h ÐqgJ YmoZr' {H«$Ho$Q> OJV H$m Eogm Zm h, {OgZo AnZr Mm ~rg gmc H$s C «~hþv ~S>m wh$m hm{gc {H$ m & Xÿgam CXm. "g{mz V Sy>cH$a' H$m h & AmO CZH$s C «g {Vg gmc h & na Vw AmO ha EH$ Zm OdmZ CZHo$ O gm ~ o~mo ~ZZm MmhVm 142

31 h & g{mz Zo ^r AnZo OrdZ AZoH$ H${R>ZmB m H$m gm Zm {H$ m h & V~ OmH$a AmO do Bg wh$m na nh±þmo h & na Vw AmOH$c Hw$N> cmoj CÝh amoh$zo H$s H$mo{ee H$a aho h, {H$ CZH$s C «hmo JB h Am a CÝho IocZm N>moS> XoZm Mm{hE & na Vw CÝhmoZo BZ ~mvm H$mo {Xc go Zht cjm m Am a CgH$m Odm~ AnZo ~ o go {X m & A V wdm Cgo hr H$hm OmVm h, Omo H${R>ZmB m H$m gm Zm H$aHo$ AnZo CÔoí H$mo àmá H$aVm h & A J«oO h mao H$mo{hZwa hrao H$mo Vmo co JE h ; na Vw CÝh h H$hZm MmhVr h±ÿ {H$ wdmam Ho$ ê$n h mao nmg Xÿgam H$mo{hZya hram h, Omo àjvr Ho$ nw na ~ T> ahm h & O~ h pñwvr XoIH$a h mao wdh$ AÀN>m ~ZoJo & àjvr Ho$ nw na Mc Jo V^r AãXþc H$cm Or H$m gnzm gmh$ma hmojm Am a h mam ^mav 2020 VH$ hmgîmm H$hcmE±Jm & gwomvm Xoe wi - E $. dm. ~r. H$m±. B $sgdt gxr H$m ^mav ""B $sgdt gxr H$m ^mav'' eãx Ow~mZ AmVo hr Xr mj EH$ N>{d C^a AmVr h, {Og o ^mav Va $s H$aVm hþam EH$ {dh$gzerc Xoe h, {OgH$s AW ì dñwm Xþ{Z m H$s g~go O~yV AW ì dñwmam o go EH$ h & Am a EH$ AmXe cmoh$vm {ÌH$ Xoe h, {díd g~go Á mxm Am~mXr dmco Xoem o Xÿgao ñwmz na h & Xþ{Z m Ho$ ~oew ma Xm cv X ^r ~gvo h hm± na, Am a hmc hr Am mo{ov hþb E $ -1 aog hm± H$s Va $s o Mma Mm±X cjm OmVr h & Hw$N> Bg Vah H$s N>{d ~ZVr h h mao {X mj B $sgdr gxr Ho$ ^mav H$s & ³ m o 21 dr gxr H$m dhr ^mav h Omo m OyXm Xm a o Xoe H$s g~go ~ S>r g ñ m ^«ï>mmma go OyP ahm h, Ohm± na amoo Mmoar, S>H $Vr, S> a, aon Am ~mv hmo JB h? ³ m h dhr ^mav h Ohm± ór H$mo Xodr H$m AdVma mzm OmVm ahm h na AmO Ohm± Ka H$s ~hÿ-~o{q> m± gwa{jv Zhr h? Ohm± AnZo AnZm H$mo hr H$mQ> ma aho h? ³ m h dhr ^mav h Ohm± EH$ O mzo Kam oo Vmco Zht cjvo Wo Am a AmO AmYw{ZH$ VH${ZH$ go {Z{ V Vmcmo go ^r Ka gwa{jv Zhr h & EH$ O mzo ^mav gmozo H$s {M{ S> m H$hcmVm Wm& Ohm± XÿY Xhr H$s Z{X m± ~hvr Wr Am a A~ hm± {H$gr MrµO H$s ~hvr h Z{X m±? Hw$N> Bg Vah H$m hmo J m h h mam 21 dr gxr H$m ^mav Ohm± Va $s go Xmo JwZr VoOr go ~T> ahr h ~wamb m± & ³ m ~mny Zo Bgr ^mav H$s H$ënZm H$a Ho$ A J«oOmo go cmohm {c m Wm? ³ m ~m~m gmh~ Zo Bgr ^mav H$s H$ënZm H$aHo$ g {dymz {cim Wm? {e $m $Hw$ÔrZ nq>oc E $. dm. ~r. H$m 43 1

32 amï >^mfm H$m hîd amï >^mfm {H$gr Xoe Ho$ B{Vhmg Ed g ñh ${V H$s dmur h, Omo dhm± Ho$ OZ-OZ H$mo AnZm Zmoha g Xoe gwzmh$a EH$ gwì ~m Y XoVr h & dh g~ ^mfmam H$s Omo Cg Xoe ~mocr OmVr h, à{v{zyr hmovr h & Ed dhm± H$s amï >r Vm H$s à{vh$ hmovr h, h amï >^mfm H$m àíz O~ ^mav Ho$ ñdv Ì hmozo Ho$ nímmv CgHo$ g j Am m Vmo CgZo EH$ O{Q>c g ñ m H$m ê$n YmaU {H$ m & Cg g ñ m H$mo gwcpmzo Ho$ {ce H$B cmojm Zo Cn mo{jvm H$m àñvmd aim& Bg MwZmd Ho$ XmZ qhxr, A±J«oOr-qhXþñVmZr VWm H$B AÝ ^mfme± g j Am r & BZ ^fmam qhxr H$m nc S>m hr ^mar Wm & h mar g {dymz g^m Zo qhxr H$m gå mz aim Am a qhxr amï >^mfm ~Zr & co{h$z Bg nx H$mo àmá H$aZo Ho$ {ce Cgo {OZ-{OZ g Kfm} H$m gm Zm H$aZm n S>m CZgo n[a{mv hmozm h mao {ce A{Zdm gm hr h & ^mav Omo {H$ {d{^þ ^mfmam H$m H $Ð H$hm OmVm h & AZoH$ g ñh $VrOÝ ^mfmam qhxr hr g~go A{YH$ {à Ed àm{cv h {Ogo ^mav Ho$ H$amoS>mo cmoj ~mocvo VWm g PVo h & cj^j nmhîma à{vev cmoj qhxr ~mocvo h & h mao g {dymz o 14 qgv~a 1949 H$mo Bgo amï >^mfm Ho$ ê$n pñdh$ma {H$ m h & AZoH$ JwUm go ~Zr EH$ qhxr ^mfm h & Eogo g^r JwUm Ho$ gmw gmw BgH$s EH$ {deofvm h ^r h {H$ Bg AÝ ^mfmam Ho$ eãx AmgmZr go g m OmVo h & qhxr H$s h {deofvm h {H$ Omo CƒmaU h hm± H$aVo h, dhr homa { c Xÿa na ^r hmojm & BgHo$ gmw hr AmO {OVZo gmyz qhxr H$mo àmá h, Am a {H$gr ^mavr ^mfm H$mo Zht & ejm joì qhxr gm{hë gå ocz à mj Ed n Om~ amá H$s qhxr n[ajmam à{vdf homamo {dúmwu ~ R>Vo h & Bgr go CgH$s ì mnh$vm àh$q> hmovr h & {d{^þ, d km{zh$, g {ZH$, os>rh$c AmXr eãxm Ho$ qhxr AZwdmX H$mo JcV ~moczo na CgH$m AW hr ~Xc OmVm h & qhxþñvmz h mam Xoe h, qhxr h mar ^mfm h h àíz ^mdzm H$m h, VH $ H$m Zht, VWm «$m g H$s «$M, ê$g H$s a{e Z d go hr qhxr ^r h mar amï >^mfm h & qhxr H$s ì mnh$vm H$mo XoIH$a h o mzzm ns>ojm H$s ^mavr ^mfmam H$s qhxr gavmo h & h mar amï >r Vm H$m àvrh$ h & OZ - OZ Ho$ Z amï >r ^mdzm OJo h CÔoe h & gaxma d ^^mb nq>oc Zo H$hm Wm, ""qhxr gmao Xoe H$s amï >^mfm h &'' Eogr ^mfm H$m AÜ Z H$aZo Am a CgH$s CÞVr H$aZo Jd H$m AZw^d hmozm Mm{hE & ""qhxr amï > H$m mz qhxr na h h o A{^ mz qhxr h ^mav Xoe H$s emz ³ m {H$ h mam ^mav Xoe h hmz'' gwomvm Xoe wi E $. dm. ~r. H$m±. 144

33 Jc J«h na gordg ï>r N>moQ>o ~ƒm o go coh$a ~ S>o - ~yt>m o VH$ g^r OmZVo h, {H$ AdH$me gy mcme± a{d, n Ïdr, ßcwQ>mo, ZoßæMw Z Am{X J«h h & co{h$z g^r H$mo h nvm Zhr hmojm {H$ Jc J«h H$m a J cmc h & Jc J«h EH$ Eogm J«h h, {OgHo$ ~mao OmZZo Ho$ {ce d km{zh$m Zo ~hþv à mg {H$E & CÝho Jc J«h Ho$ ~mao WmoS>r -~hþv OmZH$mar { cr h & co{h$z nyar OmZH$mar A~ VH$ Zhr { c nmb & Jc J«h Ho$ ~mao OmZZo Ho$ {ce ^mav Zo ^r 24 {gv ~a2014 H$mo " Jc mz' Jc J«h na ^oom Wm & nhco Hw$N> cmoj H$hVo {H$ Jc J«h na { Å>r Ho$ {gdm Hw$N> ^r Zhr h & dhm± na {H$gr àh$ma H$s Ordg ï>r Zhr h & h o ^r BgHo$ ~mao o OmZZo H$s CËgwH$Vm cjr h {H$ Jc na Ordg ï>r h ^r m Zhr? Jc J«h na gord g ï>r hmozm h EH$ AmZ XXm r ~mv h & Bg ~mv go h mao Z H$B gdmc CËnÞ hmovo h & Jc J«h na nmzr h m Zhr? nmzr hmojm Vmo ^r CgH$m a J, ñdmx H $gm hmojm? dhm± na gord, mzd, no S> njr Am{X hm Jo m Zhr? dhm± Ho$ mzd H $go {XIVo hm Jo? Am{X gdmc h mao Z CËnÞ hmovo h & o gmao gdmc h mao Z CËnÞ H$aZo dmco no{g ìhc cmodoc Wo & ³ m {H$ CÝhm Zo nhcr ~ma Jc J«h na Ordg ï>r h Am a dh {dh${gv h Eogm H$hm Wm & BgH$m du Z AnZo " Jc' J«W o CÝhm Zo {H$ m h & dmo JwOa JE$ co{h$z CZHo$ EH$ dm³ go g^r Ho$ Z o Jc J«h Ho$ ~mao OmZZo H$s CËgwH$Vm n Xm hmo JB & Bg CËgwH$Vm H$mo { Q>mZo Ho$ {ce A o[ah$m {H$ "Zmgm' Bg A V[aj g ñwm Ûmam 1965 " arza-4' h mz Jc J«h na ^oom Am a J«h H$m {ZarjU {H$ m & CgHo$ ~mx 1969 gmc " arza - 6 Am a " arza -7' h mz J«h na ^ooo & CZ mzm go h AZw mz cjm m J m {H$ Jc J«h na nmzr, Ord, O Vy, Am{X hmo gh$vo h & BgHo$ ~mao Am a OmZH$mar { cr 1984 O~ A Q>mp³Q> H$m o ahzo dmcr am ~Q>u ñh$moa Bg cs>h$s H$mo EH$ nëwa { cm & Cg nëwa H$mo "AeZr' H$hVo h & CgZo h nëwa "Zmgm' H$mo {X m & CgHo$ ~mx d km{zh$mo Zo Cgna g emoyz H$aZm Mmcy {H$ m& CgHo$ ~mx CÝhmoZo AZw mz cjm m {H$ dh nëwa Jc J«h H$m h & Cg nëwa o CÝho O Vy { co & Bg go h ~mv nvm Mcr {H$ Jc J«h na ^r gord g ï>r h & Hw$N> {XZmo ~mx d km{zh$mo H$mo Jc J«h na EH$ {ZemZ gm {XImB {X m & h {ZemZ nmzr Ho$ gwizo Ho$ ~mx n Xm hmozo dmcm {ZemZ Wm & CgHo$ ~mx h AZw mz cjm m J m {H$ Bg J«h na nmzr ^r h & co{h$z h nmzr Am m Vmo Am m H$hm± go? h gdmc n Xm hmo J m & Jc J«h na nmzr hmozm ^r EH$ AÀN>r ~mv h & n Ïdr na H O Am a HDO 2 Xmo àh$ma Ho$ nmzr CncãY h & H O àh$ma H$m nmzr 2 hch$m hmovm h, Vmo HDO àh$ma H$m nmzr ^mar hmovm h & "AeZr' Bg nëwa Ho$ Ûmam h nvm Mcm {H$ Jc na EMS>rAmo àh$ma H$m nmzr { cvm h & Jc J«h Ho$ ~mao OmZZo Ho$ {ce 2020 A o[ah$m H$s "Zmgm' h g ñwm EH$ mz Jc J«h na ^oozo dmcr h & na Vw Cg mz go Jc J«h Xÿ{fV Zm hmo OmE, h S>a "Zmgm' Ho$ d km{zh$mo Ho$ Z o CËnÞ hmo ahm h & co{h$z O~ h mz Jc na OmEJm Vmo Cg J«h Ho$ ~mao ~hþv gmar OmZH$mar h o { czo o XV hmojr & Bg àh$ma Jc J«h na Ordg ï>r h {H$ Zhr? BgH$s ImoO A^r ^r Mmcy h & Am a BgHo$ ~mao cmojmo Ho$ Z o ~hþv gmao gdmc CR> aho h & co{h$z h Amem Oê$a h {H$ Jc J«h na gordg ï>r m OyX h & Hw$. n dr OmYd E $. dm. ~r. E> 151

34 {hýxr hÿ± & {hýxr hÿ± & ~hþv XþIr hÿ± & ñvãy hÿ± & g P Zht AmVm H$hm± go ewê$ H$ê±$? H $go ewê$ H$ê±$?, {OgH$s nhmmz Bg Xoe go h BgH$s mq>r go h & BgHo$ H$U- H$U go h & AnZo hr Am±JZ ~ob mv H$a Xr OmVr h & H$hZo H$mo g {dymz Ho$ AZwÀN>oX 343 wpo amo^mfm H$m XOm àmßv h & AZwÀN>oX 351 Ho$ AZwgma g K H$m h H$V ì h {H$ dh oam àgma ~ T>mE± & na AmO h g~ wpo ³ m H$hZm n S> ahm h? Zht OmZVr Wr oam {H$gr "amá {deof' {H$gr H$s "Ow~mZ' na AmZm AnamY hmo gh$vm h & Z ~hþv Xþ:IVm h O~ wpo AnZr hr g VmZmo H$mo h ~VmZm n S>o {H$. ^mav Ho$ 70 à{vev Jmdm H$s A amb m hh$vr h±ÿ & cmoh$jrvm H$s gwarcr VmZ Jy±OVr hÿ± & Zdgmjam H$m gwh$mo c ghmam hÿ± & OZg Mma H$m ñn XZ h±ÿ & H$cH$c-N>cN>c H$aVr Z{X m± H$s Vah ha Am Am a Img ^mavr öx àdm{hv hmovr hÿ± & {Xam H$s Km{Q> m, pñoxm H$s AOmZ, JwaÛmao H$s eãx Am a MM H$s àmw Zm H$s Vah n{dì hÿ± & ³ m {H$ AmnH$s, Amn g~h$s - AnZr {hýxr hÿ± & {dídmg H$amo oam {H$ {XImdo H$s ^mfm Zht hÿ±, PJ S>mo H$s ^mfm ^r Zht hÿ± & Zo AnZo A{ñVËd go coh$a AmO VH$ {H$VZr hr gir ^mfmam H$mo AnZo Am Mc go ~m YH$a ha {XZ EH$ Z m ê$n YmaU {H$ m h & $magr, Aa~r, CXÿ go coh$a "AmYw{ZH$ dmcm' A Jo«Or VH$ H$mo AmË r Vm go AnZm m h & gir ^mfm H$m PJ S>m oao {ce Z m Zht h & Bggo nhco oar X{jU ^mavr ~hzm H$s g VmZmo Zo h ñda CR>m m Wm, Zo ha ~ma em V Am a Yra-J ^ra ahh$a m c H$mo ghovm go gwcpm m h & co{h$z Bg ~ma oar AZÝ gir amr>r H$s g VmZo oao {ce AmV H$ ~ZH$a I S>r h & Bg 152 g Xoe {dxoer VmH$Vm H$m IVam S>am ahm h Eogo Amngr {Xdmam H$m Q>H$amZm ³ m C{MV h? co{h$z H $go g PmD$ Am a {H$g - {H$g H$mo g PmD±$? hmamï > "H$moB ' X R>moH$ H$a H$hVm h {H$ oam ApñVËd { Q>m XoJm & ³ m H$c H$s AmB hþb H$ƒr - n $s ~mocr hÿ± Omo oam ApñVËd { Q>m XmoJo? Bg Xoe Ho$ aoeo-aoeo ~wzr hþb, A e- A e amr ~gr Eogr OrdZ ^mfm hÿ± {OgH$m {aívm {g $ Ow~mZ go Zht {Xc H$s Y S>H$Zm go h & oao {Xc H$s JhamB H$m Am a oao ApñVËd Ho$ {dñvma H$m Vw BVZo N>moQ>o Z dmco ^cm H $go yë m H$Z H$a nmamojo? B{Vhmg Am a g ñh ${V H$m X ^azo dmco {N>N>moar ~w{õ Ho$ àuovm H$hm± go cm gh $Jo dh JhZVm Omo AVrV oar hmz g VmZm Wr & Zo Vmo H$^r Zht H$hm {H$ ~g wpo AnZmAm & ~m crdws> go coh$a nìh$m[avm VH$ Am a {dkmnz go coh$a amozr{v VH$ ha EH$ Zo ZE eãx J T>o, ZE eãx am, ZB na nam, ZB e cr H$m B OmX {H$ m & Zo H$^r Zht gmomm {H$ BZHo$ BñVo mc go wp {dh$ma m {~Jm S> AmEJm & Zo Iwco {Xc go g~ ^mfm H$m, ^mfm Ho$ eãxm H$m e cr Am a choo H$m ñdmjv {H$ m & h gmomh$a {H$ Bggo oam hr {dh$mg hmo ahm h & oao hr H$moe A{^d {Õ hmo ahr h & AJa Zo ^r Bgr g H$sU gmom H$mo nmo{fv {H$ m hmovm {H$ Xÿgar ^mfm Ho$ eãx Zht AnZmD Jr Vmo ^cm CÚm AmdoJ go BR>cmVr - ~cimvr hm± VH$ H $go nhÿ±m nmvr? Zo H$^r {H$gr ^mfm H$mo AnZm Xþí Z Zht g Pm & {H$gr ^mfm Ho$ BñVo mc go wp Agwajm Zht nznvr & ³ m {H$ OmZVr Wr {H$ oao ApñVËd H$mo {H$gr go IVam Zht h & na hmamï > go N>ZH$a AmVo KQ>ZmH«$ m go EH$ nc Ho$ {ce oam h {dídmg S>moc J m & {nn>co {XZm Am a oar gir ^mfme± { cmh$a {Ì^mfm

35 $m y cm na gmom hr ahr Wr & co{h$z BgH$m AW h Vmo H$VB Zht Wm {H$ h mar g VmZ EH$ - Xþgao Ho$ {dê$õ Z $av Ho$ I Oa {ZH$mc co & h H $gm ^mfm - ào h? h H $gr ^mfmb njyavm h? ³ m " m±' go ào Xem Zo H$m h V[aH$m h, {H$ " m gr' H$s JmoX ~ R>Zo na AnZo hr ^mb H$mo Xþí Z g P ~ R>mo & ³ m cjvm h AmnH$mo Bggo " amr>r' Iwe hmovr? Zhr hmo gh$vr & h gmar ^mfme± g ñh $V H$s ~o{q> m± h & ~ S>r ~oq>r H$m hmozo H$m gm ^m½ wpo { cm co{h$z Bggo AÝ ^mfmam H$m hîd H$ Vmo Zht hmo OmVm & Am a h ^r Vmo gm h Zm {H$ wpo An m{zv H$aZo go amr>r H$m hëd ~ T> Vmo Zht OmEJm? arvm í m mxd / H$mOc mohz {^go (E $. dm. ~r. E.) "AO Vm Am a Ecmoam' "AO Vm Am a Ecmoam' h mar AË V amomh$ Am a m{ H$ amzm h & H$cm Am a H$cmH$ma Ho$ AWH$ n[al H$m Ma moëh$f AO Vm Am a Ecmoam {M{ÌV hþam h & Y, B{Vhmg, g mo Am{X H$m g Ýd ^mavr H$cmAm nm m OmVm h & "A OVm Am a Ecmoam' h ñwmz nhms>m H$s MÅ>mZr N>mVr H$mo {MaH$a ~ZmE JE o Jw $m Xra EH$ Amoa mzd Ho$ à~c nm ê$f Ho$ g~wv h Vmo Xÿgar Amoa do mzd H$s AZÝ gmymau H$cm Am a H$marJar Ho$ AmíM H$mar Z yzo h & Am a Jm~mX go 101 {H$ r Xÿa CÎma AO Vm H$s Jw $me± pñwv h & gømðr H$s nhm{s> m na pñwv BZ 80 Jw $mam cj^j 5 àmw Zm ^dz Am a 25 ~m Õ R> h & BZ Jw $mam H$s ImoO Am u Am { $ga Om Z pñ W d CZHo$ Xc Zo gz 1819 H$s Wr & do hm± {eh$ma H$aZo AmE Wo V^r CÝh H$Îmma~Õ 29 Jw $mam H$s EH$ l Icm ZOa AmB Am a Bg Vah o Jw $me± à{gõ hmo JB & KmoS>o H$s Zmc Ho$ AmH$ma {Z{ V o Jw $me± AË ÝV hr àmmrz Ed Eo{Vhm{gH$ hîd H$s h & {dídà{gõ AO Vm - Ecmoam H$s Jw $me± h oem go hr n Q>H$m H$m AmH$f U H$m à wi H $Ð ahr h & hm± H$s gw Xa {MÌH$mar d w{v m± H$cmào r m Ho$ {ce {H$gr OÞV go H$ Zht h & Q>ar{Z m H$s MmXa 53 1 AmoT>r hm± H$s MÅ>mZo AnZo ^rva Nw>no hþe B{Vhmg Ho$ Bg Yamoha H$s Jm adjmwm ~ mz H$a ahr h & {demch$m MÅ>mZo, h[a mcr, gw Xa w{v m± Am a Bg na hm± ~hzo dmcr dmkmoam ZXr O go hm± H$s Iw~gwaVr H$mo n[anyu Vm àxmz H$aVr h & KmoS>o H$s Zmc Ho$ AmH$ma {Z{ V o Jw $me± AË V hr àmmrz Ed Eo{Vhm{gH$ hîd H$s h & BZ 200 B gm nyd go 650 B gm nümv VH$ Ho$ ~m Õ Y H$m {MÌU {H$ m J m h & AO Vm H$s Jw $mam Xrdmam na Iw~gyaV AßgamAm d amohw$ m[a m Ho$ {d{^þ w±ham dmco gw Xa {MÌ ^r CHo$ao JE h, Omo hm± H$s CËH $ï> {MÌH$mar d y{v H$cm Ho$ ~ohx hr gw Xa Z yzo h & AO Vm H$s Jw $mam H$mo Xmo ^mjm ~m±q>m Om gh$vm h & EH$ ^mj ~m Õ Y Ho$ hrz mz Am a Xygao ^mj hm mz g àxm H$s PcH$ XoIZo H$mo { cvr h & hrz mz dmco ^mj 2 M Ë hm c (àmw Zm hm c) Am a 4 {dhma (~m Õ {^jwam Ho$ ahzo Ho$ ñwmz) h, VWm hm mz dmco ^mj 3 M Ë hm c Am a 11 {dhma h & X{jU H$s Amoa 12 Jw $me± qhxþ Y na AmYm[aV ~m Õ Y ( hm mz g àxm ) na AmYm[aV h & Ü H$s 17 Jw $me± qhxþ Y Am a CÎma H$s 5 Jw $me± O Z Y na AmYm[aV h & ~m Õ Y na AmYm[aV Jw $mam H$s w{v m ~wõ H$s OrdZe cr H$s ñnï> PcH$ XoIZo H$mo

36 { cvr h & BÝho XoIH$a Vmo hr cjvm h mzmo Ü mz wðm ~or>o ~wõ AmO ^r h em {V, gx^md d EH$Vm H$m g Xoe Xo aho h & AO Vm H$s Jw $mam H$s Vah hr Ecmoam H$s Jw $me± gw Xa, {dcju Am a AX²^wV h & Am a Jm~mX go 30 {H$ r Xÿa Ecmoam H$s Jw $me± h & Ecmoam H$s Jw $mam 34 Jw $me± em{ c h & BZ Jw $mamo qhxþ, O Z Am a ~m Õ BZ Y m } Ho$ à{v Xem B AmñWm H$m {ÌdoUr g J H$m à^md XoIZo H$mo { cvm h & o Jw $me± 350 go 700 B gm nímmv Ho$ Xm amz ApñVËd AmB & h 19 dr evmãxr H$s Jw $me± h, {Og ~m Õ {^jwam H$s w{v m± d {MÌ h & hwmos>o Am a N>rZr H$s ghm Vm go Vamer JB o y{v m± AnZo Amn Aà{V gw XaVm H$mo g oq>o hþb h & Hw $^mah$a nm {U m VmZmOr 11 dr, VwH$S>r - ~ ~o{q> m± Vmo nhmmz h... g H$m n{h m ~ S>r VoOr go Ky Vm ahvm h & Cgr Ho$ gmw OrdZ ^r n[adv Z hmovm ahvm h & H$hVo h {H$, EH$ gw{ejrv m± gm {ejh$m go ^r A{YH$ loð> hmovr h & hm± {H$gr Ho$ ^r {XZ g mz Zht hmovo & ^mav Ho$ cmoj YZ H$s àm{á, g {Õ Ho$ {ce m± cú r H$s AmamYZm H$aVo h, kmz, {ddoh$ Ho$ {ce m± gañdvr H$s CnmgZm H$aVo h, AnZo eìwam na {do nmzo Ho$ {ce m± H$mcr H$mo àgþ H$aVo h co{h$z O~ hr Xo{d m± cs>h$s Ho$ ê$n CZHo$ Ka AmZm MmhVr h, V~ h ~mv CZH$mo Zm Jdma R>haVr h Am a CÝho do J^ hr m V Ho$ KmQ> CVma XoVo h & CÝh Vmo o Xo{d m± {g $ w{v m Am a $moq>mo hr ApÀN> cjvr h, ^cm Agc qoxjr CZH$m ³ m H$m & Xo{d m g mz o ~{ƒ m± CZHo$ {ce ho EH$ ~mop, EH$ nr S>m ~ZH$a ah OmVr h & Bg g ^mav H$B hîdnyu nxm na {hcme± AmgrZ h & Ohm± ^mav Ho$ gdm}ƒ nx H$mo EH$ {hcm gwemo{^v H$a ahr h & dht Xþgar Va $ ^mav H$Ý m ^ U hë m Ho$ ~ T>Vo m co Bg N>{d H$mo XmJXma ~Zm aho h & ê${ T>dmXr mz{gh$vm Ho$ H$maU ^mav Hw$ar{V H$m ^r {eh$ma h & Xþ^m ½ go h Hw$ar{V m± Bg Xoe H$s cú r na J«hU cjm ahr h & AmO cs>{h$ m± cs>h$m Ho$ g H$j hr Zht CZgo AmJo ^r {ZH$c MwH$s h & {H$aU ~oxr, H$ënZm Mmdcm, nrq>r Cfm, gm{z m { Om, gmbzm Zohdmc Zo {g $ ^mav hr Zht ~pëh$ A Vamï >r ñva na ^r» m{v àmá H$s h & E íd m am, gwpî Vm goz, qà H$m MmonS>m Zo {díd o ^mavr gw XaVm Am a {ddoh$ H$m nam cham m & EH$Vm H$nya Zohr ^mavr Q>o{cpìhOZ Ymamdm{hH$m H$m ñdê$n ~Xc S>mcm & hmc Ho$ dfm] gah$mar Am a J a gah$mar gñwmzm ^r {hcmam Ho$ à{vev gwix ~ T>moVar XoIZo H$mo { cr h & AmO Zmar Ka H$s Mma Xrdmar ~ X EH$ A~cm Zht ~pëh$ EH$ geº$ ì {º$ Ëd H$s mc{h$z ~Z JB h & Ioc OJV, ì mnma OJV, { $ë OJV, amo{zvr, {M{H$Ëgm, nmr>emcmam, hm{dúmc m Am{X g^r joìm Zmar eº$s H$m hr ~moc~mcm h & AmO h {Og hm{dúmc n T> aho h dhm± na 80% cs>{h$ m H$mo {ejm àxmz H$s Om ahr h Am a Xþgar Amoa 154

37 20% c S>H$m H$mo {ejm àxmz H$s Om aht h & AmO h g^r h Jd go H$h gh$vo h {H$, AmO h mao ^mav O go Xoe cs>{h$ m H$mo hëd {X m Om ahm h & AmO h mao hm{dúmc m {hcm àmü mnh$m H$s g» m Á mxm h & em X Bgr H$maU H$amoS>mo cs>{h$ m H$mo {ejm àxmz H$aZo H$m H$m BZHo$ Ûmam {H$ m Om ahm h & gah$ma ^r {hcmam H$mo AmJo ~ T>mZo Ho$ {ce {ZV ZE à mg H$aVr ahvr h & nhco O mzo Ohm± c S>{H$ m H$mo H$m na OmZo go amoh$m Om ahm Wm AmO dhr cs{h$ m H$mo H$m na OmZo Ho$ {ce àmoëgmhz VWm ghm Vm H$s OmVr h & H$^r cs>{h$ m H$mo nmr>emcmam o OmZo Ho$ {ce Zht ^oom OmVm Wm dht AmO c S>{H$ m H$mo AÀN>r ñhy$cm AÀN>r {ejm àxmz H$aZo Ho$ [ce àmoëgmhz [X m OmVm h & Am a dhr c S>{H$ m± à{vdf nmr>emcm hm{dúmc m o Aìdc H«$ m H$ na Am ahr h & AmO wpo Jd h {H$, Ohm± c S>{H$ m H$m gå mz Zht hmovm Wm AmO dht Xoe c S>{H$ m Ho$ {ce, CÝho D±$Mo ñwmz na nhw±mmzo Ho$ {ce àmoëgmhz Xo ahm h & AmO c S>{H$ m H$m hîd, ñwmz, CZHo$ mz H$mo XoIVo hþe AmO CZH$s hîmm {XImZo Ho$ {ce H${d m H$mo eãxm H$s H$ r hmo ahr h & O~ c S>{H$ m H$mo Bg Xoe ñwmz, hîd Zht {X m OmVm Wm V~ h H$hZo H$mo Z H$aVm, m± wp H$mo ^r n I cjm Xmo Bg JJZ H$s, g a H$am Xmo ~oh$ama hÿ± C S>Zo H$mo, m±, AmAmo, wpo ^r n I cjm Xmo & C S>mZ cs>h$s H$s XoIH$a Z oam ^r ì mhw$c hþam m± cjm Xmo n I wpo, { $a o JJZ AnZm hþam & Om ~ Ry> Jr ~mxc na {~Ocr go Iocy Jr Am a Nw>nm H$a ~mhmo AnZm Mm±X co AmD±$Jr & m±, oao gnzo ~hþv ~S>o h, OrZo H$m EH$ m H$m hr Xo Xmo Zht ~Zy±Jr ~mop Vw na, Imoc Xmo wç>r, C S> OmZo Xmo & wp H$mo OrdZ Xe Z H$am Xmo Bg JJZ H$s g a H$am Xmo ~oh$ama hÿ± C S>Zo H$mo, m± AmAmo, wpo ^r n I cjm Xmo & AmO Xoe H$s ha joì {hcmam H$m (~oq>r m ) H$m hîd ~T>Vm Om ahm h & nt>o - {cio ~o{q> m H$s Ka H$s nhmmz Vmo ~oq>m go hr Zht ~ëh$s ~o{q> m go hmovr h & AmO Xoe H$s àjvr {g $ ~oq>m H$s gmjavm na {Z^ a Zhr, Vmo ~o{q> m H$s gmjavm na {Z^ a h & Xoe Mmho Jar~ hmo m A ra, ~oq>r m± n T>r - {cir hmo & AJa Bg Xoe c S>H$mo Zo AnZm Zm H$ m m h Vmo ~oq>r mo Zo Vmo Xoe^a AnZm Am a Xoe H$m Zm COmJa {H$ m h & ~oq>m AJa e VmZ hmo Vmo ^r H$hVo H$s dh Ka H$s nhmmz h & co{h$z ~o{q> m± Vmo cú r H$m ê$n h, BZHo$ gå mz, n{dìvm go {dídmg, lõm go {g $ Ka H$s Zht wh o, Jmdm, amá mo Am a Xoe H$s nhmmz h ~oq>r! na{dz ~S>Joa E $. dm. ~r. H$m. 55 1

38 d pídh$ ñva na qhxr ^mfm Am a g ñh ${V H$s nhmmz ^mav H$s à wi ^mfm qhxr h & ^mav cj^j Añgr à{vev OZVm qhxr hr {dmmam H$m AmXmZ-àXmZ H$aVr h & AmO qhxr ^mfm H$m ì dhma Ho$dc ^mav Zht ~pëh$ {díd Ho$ AZoH$ amï >m hmo ahm h & ^mavr cmoj AnZr Or{dH$m H$s Vcme OXÿa Am a ì mnmar ~ZH$a ~mha JE & ^mavr cmoj OmVo g AnZo gmw AnZo Xoe H$s g ñh ${V Am a AnZm Y co$ JE & BÝhm Zo g H$Q> Am a g Kf Ho$ Xm amz ^r AnZr ^mfm H$mo gwa{jv aim { $Or, {ÌZrXmX, Jw mzm, m[aeg, {~«Q>oZ, WmB c S>, co{e m, qgjmnya, VWm AÝ Xoemo ^r àdmgr ^mavr m H$s ~S>r g» m h & qhxr Ho$ àmma-àgma H$m gmam lo àdmgr ^mavr m H$mo OmVm h & {OÝhmoZ {dxoem o ahh$a Bgo g aju {X m h, Am a CgHo$ mü go AnZo Vmo H$m àmma {H$ m h & { $Or : g~go nhco qhxr H$m àdoe 9 B 1879 H$mo hþam O~ 481 ^mavr m go ^am OhmO "codzrxmg' { $Or Ho$ "co~wh$m' ~ XaJmh Ho$ {H$Zmao cjm & 1879 go 1916 Ho$ ~rm ev ~ Xr Hw$cr àmma ({Ja rq> àwm) Ho$ A VJ V JÞo Ho$ IoVmo H$m H$aZo Ho$ {ce ^mav go OXyam H$s ^avr H$s OmVr ahr & Bg àh$ma { $Or cj^j ^mavr cme J o & $sor AmE ^mavr m qhxr ^m{f m H$s g» m gdm {YH$ Wr & {Ja rq> H$mc Ho$ emofu VWm AË mmmam Ho$ ~mdoyx ^mavr m Zo AnZr ^mfm VWm g ñh ${V H$m Xm Z Z N>moS>m & gm ñh ${VH$ H$m H«$ mo, VWm am m U, ^OZ S>cr mo, Zm Q>H$s m, am crcmam, H $îu{ccmam H $ mü go qhxr, J a qhxr ^mfr { $Or dmgr m Ho$ {Xcmo ^r g m JB & {ÌZrXmX : 1845 l{ H$mo Ho$ ê$n ^mavr m H$m nhcm Xc {ÌZrXmX nhþ±mm H$mcm Va Am a ^r ^mavr AmVo 56 1 ah & hm± ^mavr wc cmojm H$s g» m ~T>Vr Om ahr h & hm± H$s Am~mXr H$m cj^j EH$ {VhmB ^mj qhxr dm{g m H$m h & hm± qhxr { $ë o ~hþv cmoh${à h & {ÌZrXmX XÿaXe Z na cmoh${à H$m H«$ " ñvmzm ~hma' ^mavr {gzojrv Jm Z à{v mo{jvme± Am mo{ov H$s OmVr h & {ÌZrXmX Ho$ à wi gm ñh ${VH$ g KQ>Z, gzmvz Y, hmg^m, Am à{v{zyr g^m, {dídqhxÿ n[afx, qhxÿ OdmZ g K VWm H$~ra n W Agmo{gEeZ qhxr àmma H$s {Xem g{h«$ h & ^mavr gm ñh ${VH$ n[afx Ho$ VËdmdYmZ hm± ^mavr g ñh ${VH$ H $Ð ñwm{nv {H$ m J m h & Jw mzm : Jw mzm H$s Hw$c Am~mXr o AmYo go AYrH$ ^mj ^mavr wc Ho$ cmoj h & hm± ^mavr m H$mo OXÿar Ho$ ê$n cm m J m Wm& AZoH$ H$ï>mo H$m Poc Ho$ CÝhm Zo AnZr ^mfm VWm g ñh ${V H$mo Or{dV aim h & Jw mzm ^mav, ^mavr g ñh ${V, qhxr VWm qhxr { $ë m o Ho$ à{v {deof AmH$f U h & qhxr H$m AÜ mnz {d{^þ ñhy$cmo {H$ m OmVm h & OmO Q>mD$Z {díd{dúmc ~r. E. d H$pënH$ {df Ho$ ê$n qhxr nt>mb OmVr h & Jw mzm H $$ AZoH$ N>mÌ ^mav gah$ma H$s N>mÌd Îmr na qhxr Ho$ Cƒ AÜ Z Ho$ {ce H ${Ð qhxr g ñwmz {X r à{vdf nt>zo AmVo h & gwarzm : gwarzm o ~hþx gmao ^mavr OXÿamo Ho$ ê$n cme Wo & àdmgr ^mavr A{ejrV Wo BÝhmoZ H$B àh$ma Ho$ mvzme ghr coh$sz AnZm Y, ^mfm, g ñh ${V H$s Yamoha H$mo Zhr Nw>Q>Zo {X m & hzw mz Mm{cgm Am a am M[aV mzg Vmo CÝh H $R>ñW hmo J o Wo& hm± EH$ àh$ma H$s qhxr gwarzm r H$m {dh$mg hmo J m & ^mavr àdmgr m Zo gz 1910 go gwarzm àdmgr g ñwm H$s

39 ñwmnzm H$s & gz 1912 Am g mo H$s ñwmnzm hþb & gz 1944 gzmvz Y m{gh$ n{ìh$m Ho$ àh$mez g qhxr AÜ mnz ewê$ hþam & AmO gwarzm g nh $ ^mfm Ho$ ê$n hr qhxr H$m à moj hmovm h & ^mavr Bgo gazm r H$hVo h & em VrXÿV, ào g Xoe àh$me, O go n{ìh$mam H$m àh$mez AmO gwarzm go qhxr hmovm h & mareg : ^r ^mavr m H$s g» m A{YH$ mìm h & Omo ^mavr m[aeg Mco JE CÝhm Zo AnZo gmw VwcgrH $V am U ^r cm m - ~mx gë mw àh$me, gë Zmam U H$s H$Wm, JrVm, am m U Am{X Ho$ ghmao dhm± Y VWm qhxr H$m àmma H$mo ~T>mdm {X m & m[aeg qhxr nìh$m[avm H$m B{Vhmg gz 1901 hmë m Jm Yr Ho$ AmJ Z Ho$ ~mx VWm CZHo$ AmJ«h na 1907 go àma ^ hmovm h & CÝhmoZo qhxr VWm A J«oOr Ho$ qhxþñwmzr Zm H$ nì àh$m{ev H$aZm àma ^ {H$ m & Bg nì Ho$ Ûmam CÝhmoZo ^mavdm{g m H$mo AnZo l, g ñh ${V VWm A{YH$mam Ho$ à{v goj {H$ m & qgjmnwa : nhco Am g mo Ho$ gh moj go qhxr H$m ñhy$c ewê$ H$a {X m Wm & dhm± "^mavr^dz' g ñwm Ûmam qhxr Ho$ joìm H$m H$aZodmcm H$s gmñh ${VH$, gm{hpë H$ H$m H«$ m Ho$ Am moozm Ho$ Ûmam qhxr H$m dmvmdau {Z m U {H$ m OmVm h & MrZ : Ho$ {~qoj [díd{dúmc Ho$ àmà ^mfm {d^mj {díd H$s à wi ^mfmam Ho$ gmw-gmw qhxr H$m ^r AÜ Z H$am m OmVm h & MrZr OZVm qhxr CnÝ mg Ho$ AZwdmX cmoh${à hþe h & ào M X H$m JmoXmZ VWm {Z cm CnÝ mg MrZr AZwdm{XV hþe h & ao{s> m Ho$ Ûmam qhxr H$m H«$ àñvwv {H$ o OmVo h & ^mav Am a MrZ Ho$ g ~ Ymo H$mo ~T>mZo Ho$ {Xem qhxr hëdnyu ^y{ H$m AXm H$a ahr h & {nn>co Hw$N> dfm} H$B MrZr {dúmwu ^mav gah$ma H$s N>mÌd Îmr na H ${Ð qhxr g ñwmz {X r nt> aho h & Zonmc : H$m qhxr ^mfm g ñh ${V VWm gm{hë go {deof 157 g ~ Y ahm h & ZmW{gÕ gm{hë H$m àm{mzv ² A e CncãY H$amZo Zonmc H$m lo hëdnyu h & {Ì^ydZ {díd{dúmc H$mR> m Sy> CƒñVa VH$ qhxr H$m AÜ Z {H$ m OmVm h & Zonmcr H${d H$m qhxr gm{hë à eg{z gh moj ahm h & qhxr Zonmcr H$B VwcZmË H$ AÜ Z ^r hþe h & Zonmc gd Ì qhxr ~mocr Am a g Pr OmVr h & nm{h$ñvmz : qhxr ~moczo dmcmo H$s g» m H$m $s h & H$amMr {díd{dúmc qhxr H$s nt>mb hmovr h & 1972 H$amMr ñwm{nv {d^mj qhxr à munì nmr>çh«$, qhxr {S>ßcmo m nmr>çh«$ VWm ^mavr AÜ Z {S>ßcmo m BZ VrZm o nmr>çh«$ Ho$ A VJ V qhxr H$m AÜ mnz McVm h & nm{h$ñvmz cmoh$godm Am moj H$s narjmamo qhxr d H$pënH$ {df Ho$ ê$n o aim J m h & ^mav nmh$ g ~Ymo { ÌVm ~ZmZo qhxr hëdnyu ^y{ H$m {Z^m ahr h & ê$g : qhxr coih$mo Ho$ ê$gr AZwdmX qhxr ^mfm, ì mh$au VWm gm{hë na emoynah$ H$m hmo aho h & ê$g H$~ra, VwcgrXmg, ram, ào M X, O e H$a àgmx, enmc, CnoÝÐZmW AíH$, Wrcr eau Jwá, $UrídaZmW aouw, {dîuy à^mh$a, hmxodr d m, ZmJmOyªZ, h[ad eam ~ƒz, {^î ghmzr, {Zamcm, gw{ Ìm Z XZ Am{X qhxr gm{hë H$ma ê$gr AZwdm{XV hmo MwHo$ h & ê$g ^mavr g ñh ${V gm{hë VWm Xe Z H$mo OmZZo dmco cmojmo H$s g» m ~hþv mìm h & «$mýg : Ho$ no[ag gz 1995 nydu {díd H$m AmYw{ZH$ ^mfmamo H$m g ñwmz ñwm{nv hþam & Bgr g ñwmz Ho$ Jmgm -X-Vmgr CncãY gm J«r Ho$ AmYma na «$mýgrgr qhxÿb gm{hë H$m B{Vhmg {cim & Jmgm - X-Vmgr VWm CZHo$ {eî m o Zo ^mavr gm{hë H$m «$mýgrgr AZwdmX {H$ m h & ~mocmmc H$s qhxr {gizo VWm CgH$s OmZH$mar àmá H$aZo Ho$ {ce «$mýg qhxr {dúmwu H$s g» m ~T>Zo cjr h & A o[ah$m qhxr

40 AÜ Z {ÛVr hm wõ Ho$ ~mx ewê$ hþam & n gcd{z m 1949 qhxr Ho$ AÜ mnz H$s ì dñwm H$s JB & qhxr ^mfm {eju Ho$ joì hm± ^mfm d km{zh$m Zo hîdnyu H$m {H$ m h & AmO H$B ^mavr AÜ mnh$ A o[ah$m qhxr nt>mzo H$m H$m H$a aho h & AmO qhxr ^mfm H$m joì g nyu {díd {XImB Xo ahm h & qhxr {díd H$s à wi ^mfmam go EH$ h & qhxr H$m àmma -àgma {dídì mnr hmo ahm h & {OgH$m nyam lo àdmgr ^mavr m H$mo OmVm h & {OÝhmoZ {dxoem o ahh$a h mar g ñh ${V H$mo Or{dV aim h & - S>m. g{ov Im S>oH$a XodZmJar {cnr Zwî Ho$ {dmma {d{z H$m gmyz ^mfm h & mzd g mo Ho$ {ce ^mfm EH$ AË V Amdí H$ A J h & na coiz m {cnr Ho$ {ce E gm Zht H$hm Om gh$vm & {cnr ^mfm H$m yv ê$n h & ^mfm m {IH$ hmovr h Am a CgH$m {c{iv ê$n h {cnr & m {IH$ ^mfm H$mo Ñí g Ho$Vmo Ûmam ì º$ H$aZm hr {cnr h & ^mfm Cƒm[aV hmozo Ho$ H$maU lì ^mfm h, na {cnr {cirv hmozo Ho$ H$maU Ñí ^mfm h & ^mfm H$mo H$mZ H$s Oê$aV h Am a {cnr H$mo Am±I H$s & ^mfm ju - {deof H$m H$aVr h & na {cnr H$mcm Va VH$ AnZm H$m H$aVr ahvr h & {cnr Ûmam hr ^mfm H$mo nyu ê$n Ed pñwavm àmá hmovr h & ^mfm Vmo mzd g mo H$m AË mdí H$ A J h, na coiz m {cnr Ho$ {ce E gm Zht H$hm Om gh$vm & ì {º$ H$mo O~ AnZr dmur H$m g J«h H$aZo H$s BÀN>m hþb AWdm AnZm g Xoe XoZo H$s BÀN>m hþb hmojr, V^r {cnr H$m lrjuoe hþam hmojm & AV: ^mfm A{V àm{mz h & na {cnr BgHo$ ~mx CËnÞ hþb & h mao B{Vhmg H$mo {cnr~õ coiz-h$cm Zo hr gwa{jv aim h & àë oh$ CÞ{Verc Xoe CgH$s ^mfm Ho$ gmwgmw CgH$s {cnr H$s ^r Amdí H$Vm hmovr h & {dí {cnr H$m H«$ ~Õ {dh$mg hmovm ahm h, {OgH$s Mma à wi AdñWmE± h & àvrh$ {cnr, {MÌ {cnr, ^md {cnr, ÜdZr {cnr. 158 à{vh$ {cnr go à{vh$mo Ho$ Ûmam ^mfmjv A{^àm mo H$m ~moy hmovm h & {díd Ho$ AZoH$ Xoem àvrh$ dñvwe± ^ooh$a {d{eï> g Xoe ^oozo H$s àumcr àm{cv Wr & O go : Vcdma ^ooh$a wõ H$m g Xoe XoZm, hëxr ^ooh$a {ddmh H$m àñvmd aizm, ~{hzm Ûmam AnZo ^mb m H$mo amir ^ooh$a AnZr gwajm Ho$ {ce AmìhmZ H$aZm Am{X à{vh$ {cnr Ho$ CXmhaU h & àvrh$ {cnr Ho$ ~mx {MÌ {cnr H$m {dh$mg hþam & h B{Vhmg coiz H$m àw gmonmz h & AnZo ^mdm H$mo {MÌ m aoim{mì Ho$ Ûmam A{^ì º$ {H$ m OmVm & {MÌ{cnr go ^md{cnr H$m {dh$mg hþam & Am a ^md{cnr go Üd{Z{cnr H$m {dh$mg hþam & ^mav ~«m r Am a Iamoï>r Eogr Xmo àmmrz {cnr m± h & BZ o ~«m r go hr ^mavr {cnr m H$m {dh$mg hþam & ~«m r {cnr H$m A{dîH$ma O {Z m Ho$ VrWªH$a F$f^XodOr Zo {H$ m Wm & CÝhm Zo AnZr nwìr ~«r H$mo Bg {cnr Ho$ "AmH$ma' go coh$a "hh$ma' VH$ du mcm H$m CnXoe {X m Wm & B{ggo Cg {cnr H$m Zm ~«m r n S>m & g^r AmYw{ZH$ ^mavr {cnr m H$m {dh$mg Bgrgo hþam & m m] Ho$ g ~«m r amï >r {cnr ~Z MwH$s Wr & g «mq> AemoH$ Zo AnZo {ecmcoi Bgr {cnr IwXdm o &

41 ~«m r {cnr m H$mc Ho$ nímmv CÎmar ~«m r e cr Jwá {cnr Hw${Q>c {cnr XodZmJar {cnr ({dñvma CÎma ^mav ) X{jUr ~«m r e cr V{ c, VocJw, ë mc, H$ÞS>, {cnr ({dñvma X{jU ^mav ) nmcr ~«m r e cr qghcr {cnr, Omdm H$s ^mfm H$s {cnr ({dñvma qghc Ûrn) ~«m r {cnr go ZmJar {cnr H$s CËnÎmr hþb & h Zm H $go n S>m Bg ~mv na {ddmx h & 1) JwOamV Ho$ ZmJa ~«m Um Ûmam {deof ê$n go à wº$ hmozo Ho$ H$maU ZmJar {cnr H$hcmB JB & 2) à wi ê$n go ZJam àm{cv hmozo Ho$ H$maU BgH$m Zm ZmJar n S>m & 3) c{cv {dñvma C o{iv "ZmJ {cnr' hr ZmJa h & AWm V "ZmJ' go "ZmJa' Zm H$m g ~ Y h & 4) Vm {ÌH$ {MÝh "XodZmJa' go gmå Ho$ H$maU Bgo XodZmJar Am a { $a ZmJar H$hm J m & 5) "XodZmJa' AWm V² H$mer àmma Ho$ H$maU h XodZmJar H$hr JB & Cn w º$ Vm H$moB ^r ~hþv gwyma Zht h & AV: ZmJar H$s ì wën{ëv H$m àíz A^r VH$ AZwÎm[aV h & ZmJar {cnr {Za Va {dh$mg hmovm ahm & 12 dr gxr go dv mz ZmJar {cnr ewê$ hþb, Cg g go ZmJar {cnr AnZo EH$ hr ê$n {Za Va Mcr AmB h & XodZmJar go K{Zð>Vm hmozodmcr ^mav AZoH$ AÝ {cnr mo ^r XodZmJar H$s o {deofvme± àmá hmovr h & AmO H$s ZmJar {cnr Aja Üd{Z m Ho$ H«$ go {cio OmVo h & qhxr du mcm Ho$ ñda ì OZmo go {^Þ h & XodZmJar {cnr h ^ox ñnï> h & ì OZm Ho$ CƒmaU ñwmz Ho$ AZwñdma H $R>ñW, Vmcì, yy Ý, X Ë Am a Am îr>ç o nm±m dj h & mìme± Ú{n A{YH$ ñwmz KoaVr h & co{h$z Cggo CƒmaU ^«Zht hmovm & Bg g^r Üd{Z m± à wº$ hmovr h & Bg {cnr H$s du g» m H$m $s ~ S>r h & du mcm {gizodmcm H$mo mìm cjmzo Hw$N> H${R>ZmB Oê$a hgyg hmovr h & Hw$N> cmoj ZmJar {cnr {eamoaoim Ho$ {~Zm {civo h & h JwOmamWr {cnr H$m à^md h & A J«oOr Ho$ nyd àmma Ho$ ~mx Am{ $g, H$m{cO O go eãxm "Am ' H$mo ñnï>v: {cizo Ho$ {ce ZmJar {cnr "Am ' H$m à moj hmozo cjm h & ZmJar {cnr Zwºo$ m q~xÿ du à moj {ZpíMVV: $magr {cnr H$m hr à^md hmojm & wðu H$cm Ho$ A{dîH$ma go Bg {cnr Zo g wº$ ì OZm Ho$ D$na - ZrMo O go " $' BgàH$ma {cizm N>mo S>H$a AmJo - {nn>o - "³H$' {cizm Ama ^ {H$ m h & ZmJar {cnr Ho$ Bg cj^j EH$ homa dfm] Ho$ OrdZ - H$mc m Vmo àm : g^r Ajam Ý yzm{yh$ ê$n n[adv Z hþam h & BgàH$ma $magr, amr>r, JwOamVr, A J«oOr VWm Üd{Z m Ho$ kmz Zo ^r ZmJar {cnr H$mo à^m{dv, $cv: Ý yzm{yh$ ê$n n[ad{v V {H$ m h & H$mcm Va go XodZmJar ~XcVr ahr h AWm V {dh${gv 159

42 hmovr ahr h, Am a dh g H$s m±j Ho$ gmw-gmw n[ad{v V hmozo H$s j Vm ^r aivr h & AnZo H«${ H$ {dh$mg Ho$ H$maU Ed {dh$mg Ho$ à~c gm Ï Ho$ H$maU XodZmJar A Vamï >r {cnr H$m H$m H$aZo nyu g W hmojr & g X^ gymr : 1) ^mfm {dkmz àdoe : S>m. ^mocmzmw {Vdmar 2) ^mfm {dkmz VWm gm{hë ê$n Ed g rjm : {dîuwàgmx ^mavr 3) qhxr ê$n -amzm S>m. Zohm ~moago 60 1

43 ENGLISH SECTION Bharat Mata Ki Jay: Right OR Duty In recent days, this has been a widely asked question that should I say bharat mata ki jay or not. I hardly remember how many years ago I might have said this. Two consecutive parliamentary sessions have been wasted on the debate which I think a great loss. I being a proud citizen of India take great pride in saying Bharat Mata ki Jay.Just as I like to eat chocolate but no one can force me to have my chocolate. In same manner how can anyone force me to say a particular slogan? Famous writer Javed Akhtar on his last speech in Rajya Sabha said I don't care to know whether saying Bharat Mata ki Jay is my duty or not but I know it is my right. I personally believe and have faith in Indian constitution, which have given me the freedom of speech. But going away from rights and duties I think it is much more important that I consider my patriotism. May I say Bharat Mata ki Jay or Jay Hind or anything else what's more important is my feeling towards my country, my motherland. On concluding I would just say we live in the largest democracy of the world and we must respect it. Language, religion, caste should not be a barrier. Everyone must enjoy the fundamental rights and also respect others. Swapnil G. More M. Sc(Comp Sci) 161