GRAVITY IS AN ATTRACTIVE FORCE

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2 WHAT IS GRAVITY? Gravity: force of attraction between objects due to their mass Gravity is a noncontact force that acts between two objects at any distance apart

3 GRAVITY IS AN ATTRACTIVE FORCE Earth s gravity pulls everything towards Earth s center It pulls, but does not push, so it is called an attractive force You feel the force due to Earth s gravity as the heaviness of your body, or your weight Weight is a force, and it depends on mass Greater mass results in greater weight

4 F = mg On Earth, g is about 9.8m/s 2 FORCE = MASS X GRAVITY This is a constant on Earth and never changes This means that Earth s gravity accelerates all objects in the same way If you could take away air resistance, all objects would fall with the same acceleration When gravity is the only force affecting the fall, a light object and a heavy object hit the ground at the same time

5 Acceleration depends on both force and mass The heavier object experiences a greater force, or weight The heavier object is also harder to accelerate because it has more mass The two effects cancel

6 GRAVITY AFFECTS MASS EQUALLY All matter has mass Gravity is a result of mass All matter is affected by gravity Every object exerts a gravitational pull on every other object The gravitational forces between these objects are too small Other forces, such as friction, are strong enough to balance the gravitational pulls and prevent changes in motion Gravity is not a very powerful force

7 When enough mass gathers together, its effect can be large. Gravity caused planets to become round Some astronomical bodies do not have enough mass to pull themselves into spheres Smalls moons and asteroids can maintain a lumpy shape Gravity also acts over great distances Determines the motion of celestial bodies The motion of our galaxy through the universe is due to gravity

8 WHAT DETERMINES THE FORCE OF GRAVITY? The law of universal gravitation relates gravitational force, mass, and distance States that all objects attract each other through gravitational force

9 GRAVITY DEPENDS ON DISTANCE The gravitational force between two objects increases as the distance between their centers decreases This means that objects far apart have a weaker attraction than objects close together If two objects move closer, the attraction between them increases

10 GRAVITY DEPENDS ON MASS The gravitational force between two objects increases with the mass of each object. This means that objects with greater mass have more attraction between them.

11 HOW DOES GRAVITY KEEP OBJECTS IN ORBIT? When a satellite or spacecraft orbits Earth, it is moving forward. It is also in freefall The combination of the forward motion and downward motion due to gravity combine to cause orbiting A spacecraft in orbit is always falling, but never hits the ground This happens because of forward motion As the object falls, it moves forward far enough that the planet curves away under it, so it has exactly that much farther to fall It never actually gets closer to Earth

12 GRAVITY CAN MAKE OBJECTS MOVE IN CIRCLES Objects travel along circular or elliptical paths As an object moves along a curve, it changes direction constantly The change in motion is due to an unbalanced force The direction of the force must change constantly to produce curved motion The force must be directed inward, toward the center of the curve or circle

13 Gravity provides the force that keeps objects in orbit This force pulls one object into a path that curves around another object Gravitational force is directed inward

14 WHAT WOULD HAPPEN WITHOUT GRAVITY? We would die Gravity is what keeps the atmosphere, the gases surrounding the Earth, to the Earth Without gravity, all the gases would be flung into space and we would not be able to breathe Gravity is also what keeps humans on the Earth: without it, we too would be flung into outer space and die Without gravity, there would be no form to the planets or stars; without gravity, we would never exist in the first place There will never not be gravity

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