Exercise 1: Thermistor Characteristics

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1 Exercise 1: Thermistor Characteristics EXERCISE OBJECTIVE When you have completed this exercise, you will be able to describe and demonstrate the characteristics of thermistors. DISCUSSION A thermistor is a semiconductor temperature transducer whose resistance is a nonlinear function of temperature. Each thermistor type has a different curve of resistance ratio versus temperature. The curves differ are shown. value at that temperature in a table supplied by the manufacturer. by the resistance at a 25 C reference temperature (R25 C). C In what units is the resistance ratio measured? a. b. C c. d. None of these This is a portion of the Resistance-Temperature (RT) table for the thermistor on your circuit board. The C reference temperature. 104 FACET by Lab-Volt

2 The Thermistor What is the resistance ratio at 40 C? resistance ratio (40 C) = (Recall Value 1) At a given temperature T, the resistance deviation is added to the R25 C tolerance (10%) to determine the overall resistance tolerance. For example, at 5 C, the overall tolerance is 11.2% ( ). FACET by Lab-Volt 105

3 C). At 25 C, for example, the resistance can be up to 4.4% above or below the nominal 10 value. C at 25 C. and a corresponding increase in current and power. 106 FACET by Lab-Volt

4 The Thermistor PROCEDURE your results to values calculated from the RT table. You will demonstrate the effects of temperature on the Make sure there is not a two-post connector in the OVEN ENABLE position in the IC TRANSDUCER circuit block. If the oven has recently been on, allow it to cool down to room temperature. Connect the leads across the thermistor. Set your multimeter to measure ohms. There should be no two-post connectors in the THERMISTOR circuit block. RT ). R RT = (Recall Value 1) FACET by Lab-Volt 107

5 Room temperature is typically 25 C, but can range between 15 C and 35 C. The corresponding resistance range is to Does your measurement of (Step 3, Recall Value 1) fall in this range? a. yes b. no If the table were expanded to 1 temperature in the table. Place a shunt in the 35 C position in the IC TRANSDUCER circuit block and insert a twopost connector in the OVEN ENABLE position. Complete the following steps as you allow the oven to reach its set point temperature. C. R35 C = (Recall Value 2) 108 FACET by Lab-Volt

6 The Thermistor has reached the set point. C. R35 C = (Recall Value 3) Move the TEMP shunt to the 40 C position. Complete the following steps as you allow the oven temperature to rise to the new set point. C. R40 C = (Recall Value 4) has reached the set point. C. R40 C = (Recall Value 5) Move the TEMP shunt to the 45 C position. Complete the following steps as you allow the oven temperature to rise to the new set point. FACET by Lab-Volt 109

7 C. R45 C = (Recall Value 6) has reached the set point. C. R45 C = (Recall Value 7) Move the TEMP shunt to the 50 C position. Complete the following steps as you allow the oven temperature to rise to the new set point. R50 C = (Recall Value 8) 110 FACET by Lab-Volt

8 The Thermistor has reached the set point. C. R50 C = (Recall Value 9) Turn off the oven by removing the two-post connector from the IC TRANSDUCER circuit block. This table shows your calculated and measured resistance values at the four set points. Temperature R (calculated) R (measured) 35 C 40 C 45 C 50 C (Step 8, Recall Value 3) (Step 12, Recall Value 5) (Step 16, Recall Value 7) (Step 20, Recall Value 9) Are the calculated and measured values about the same at each temperature? a. yes b. no Calculate the change in resistance (R) between the 5 C intervals. R from 35 C to 40 C = (Step 8, Recall Value 3) (Step 12, Recall Value 5) = R from 40 C to 45 C = (Step 12, Recall Value 5) (Step 16, Recall Value 7) = R from 45 C to 50 C = (Step 16, Recall Value 7) (Step 20, Recall Value 9) = FACET by Lab-Volt 111

9 From this data you can conclude that the thermistor a. b. is non-linear. c. Both of the above C (10%) plus the resistance deviation at T. You calculated a nominal resistance of at 35 C. Calculate the maximum resistance at 35 C. R35 C MAX = (Recall Value 10) Calculate the minimum resistance at 35 C. R35 C MIN = (Recall Value 11) C, as well as your calculated minimum and maximum values. Temperature 35 C Thermistor Resistance () Minimum Measured Maximum (Step 23, Recall Value 11) (Step 8, Recall Value 3) (Step 22, Recall Value 10) 40 C (Step 12, Recall Value 5) C (Step 16, Recall Value 7) C (Step 20, Recall Value 9) For the remaining temperatures, your measured values are shown and the maximum and minimum values have been calculated for you. In most cases, your measured values will fall between the calculated minimum and maximum values. However, due to inaccuracies in the oven temperature and measuring equipment, some of your measurements may be slightly outside these limits. 112 FACET by Lab-Volt

10 The Thermistor The following procedure steps require the oven to be at room temperature. Make sure there is no two-post connector in the OVEN ENABLE position in the IC TRANSDUCER circuit block. Also, remove the two-post connector in the thermistor circuit block. Allow the oven to cool down if necessary. Connect the multimeter leads between the thermistor (+) and the GND ( ) jack as shown. Set your multimeter to measure dc current. Insert a two-post connector in the position shown. resistor, the thermistor, and the milliammeter to ground. FACET by Lab-Volt 113

11 After one minute has passed, read the thermistor current. I TH = ma (Recall Value 12) Disconnect the + meter lead and set the meter for Vdc. Remove the two-post connector and connect the + meter lead as shown. Measure the supply voltage. +V = Vdc (Recall Value 13) You measured the supply voltage and the thermistor current, which equals the current through the series circuit. The total resistance is 1.2 plus the thermistor resistance (R TH ). You can R TH TH Rearrange the equation to solve for the thermistor resistance. V = Vdc (Step 30, Recall Value 13) I = ma (Step 28, Recall Value 12) R TH TH ) 1.2 R TH = (Recall Value 14) You initially measured a thermistor resistance of (Step 3, Recall Value 1) at resistance of (Step 31, Recall Value 14). The resistance is less after one minute because a. of self-heating. b. the oven controller raised the oven temperature. c. the oven controller lowered the oven temperature. 114 FACET by Lab-Volt

12 The Thermistor CONCLUSION A thermistor is a semiconductor temperature transducer whose resistance is a function of temperature. temperature increases). REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. The resistance of the thermistor on your circuit board decreases as temperature increases because of its a. non-linearity. b. resistance deviation. c. d. 2. a. resistance b. resistance ratio c. resistance deviation d. 3. temperature is due to a. b. self-heating. c. non-linearity. d. resistance deviation. 4. a. 0 b c d FACET by Lab-Volt 115

13 5. at 10 C. What is the overall tolerance? a. 10% b. ±4.8% c. ±0.8% d. ±10.8% 116 FACET by Lab-Volt

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