UNIFORM FLOW CRITICAL FLOW GRADUALLY VARIED FLOW
|
|
- Darcy Turner
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 UNIFORM FLOW CRITICAL FLOW GRADUALLY VARIED FLOW
2 Derivation of uniform flow equation Dimensional analysis Computation of normal depth
3 UNIFORM FLOW 1. Uniform flow is the flow condition obtained from a balance between gravity and friction forces.. Uniform flow is often used as a design condition to determine channel dimensions 3. It requires the use of an empirical resistance coefficient 4. This coefficient has been subject of research since the 19th century 5. Design parameters include: channel slope, channel shape, soil conditions, topography and availability of land, risk and frequency analysis 6. The uniform flow depth is called NORMAL DEPTH
4 MOMENTUM AND ENERGY ANALYSIS FOR UNIFORM FLOW IN OPEN CHANNELS
5 MOMENTUM ANALYSIS FORCE BALANCE Gravity Force = Friction force AL sin 0 PL F p1 τ 0 P ΔL ΔL Wsenθ P = wetted perimeter τ 0 = mean boundary shear stress A = cross sectional area γ = specific weight of water Dividing by PΔL gives: Rsin S 0 0 / 0 W=γA ΔL θ F p A y Assuming small channel slope: S 0 = sinθ, where S 0 =channel bed slope, gives R
6 ENERGY ANALYSIS Energy Potential Energy + Pressure Energy + Kinetic Energy z y V g y z V g HGL EGL S 0 S f S w y z h f V g 1 Dr. Walter F. Silva y V y1 V1 z z1 1 h g g f 6
7 ENERGY ANALYSIS For uniform flow the bed slope is parallel to the water slope and to the energy slope as shown next Energy Slope S f dh dy dz d V ( ) dx dx dx dx g Recalling that for uniform flow the velocity is constant in the channel reach, dv /dx = 0, therefore: S f dh dx dy dx dz dx 0 Since the water depth is constant in uniform flow, dy/dx = 0, then: S f dh dz dx dx The energy slope is equal to: S f h l L where h l is the energy loss S 0
8 ENERGY ANALYSIS Expressing the slope in terms of the shear stress results in S h l 0 L 0 R F p1 τ 0 P ΔL ΔL Wsenθ This equation relates the shear stress with the channel slope, however, it does not includes the flow characteristics. W=γA ΔL θ F p A y There most be a relation between the shear stress and the flow velocity. This relationship is obtained from dimensional analysis
9 DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS FOR UNIFORM FLOW
10 DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS Consider that the shear stress is a function of Fluid density Fluid viscosity Acceleration of gravity Flow velocity Channel geometry (represented by the hydraulic radius) Channel roughness (represented by a parameter k) Other variables could also be included such as channel meandering and unsteady effects. The functional relation for the previous parameters is given by: f,, g, V, R, k 0
11 DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS Applying Buckingham Π Theorem to this relation we get the following results V 0 Non-dimensional parameters namely: the Reynolds number (Re), the Froude number (Fr) and a relative roughness parameter. Not all of them are included in commonly used equations. f 1 Re Reynolds number and a roughness parameter are used for pipe flow. Others use the roughness parameter as the most important factor, assuming fully rough flow, where the viscous effects are not important There are procedures to include meandering and vegetation effects in the estimation of the roughness parameter, 1 Fr, k R
12 UNIFORM FLOW FORMULAS
13 UNIFORM FLOW FORMULAS There is an expression for the energy losses extensively used for pipe flow called the Darcy-Weisbach friction formula, given by: fv L h f gd where L is the pipe length, D is the pipe diameter and f is the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor. f is a function of the Reynolds number and the relative roughness. According to this equation the slope of the energy line is D h fv f L gd
14 UNIFORM FLOW FORMULAS For a direct use of this equation to an open channel, it is necessary to change the geometric characteristic. For a channel the convention is to replace the diameter by the hydraulic radius. For a pipe the hydraulic radius is: A D D R P 4D 4 D Therefore, for a channel: h f L 0 R fv g(4r) 0 V f 8
15 UNIFORM FLOW FORMULAS Also h f L 0 R fv g(4r) h f L C V 1 R S 0 C 1 = f 8g V C S0R This equation is called the Chezy s formula in honor to a French Engineer called Antoine Chezy who first proposed this formula in Several researchers tried to develop rational procedures for estimating the value of Chezy s constant, C.
16 UNIFORM FLOW FORMULAS Gauckler (1867) showed that C R Latter, Robert Manning, an Irish engineer, proposed in 1889 the following formula Nowadays the Manning s equation form is: S and should be called Gauckler-Manning formula. K n is 1.0 for the metric units system and 1.49 for English units system. 1 V C R 1 K n V R S n 3
17
18 UNIFORM FLOW FORMULAS That Manning s equation has endured for more than a century as a uniform flow formula would seems to indicate that Manning s labors were not in vain, although the formula that bears his name probably would be surprising to him (Sturm)
19
20
21 TOTAL ENERGY HEAD V H Z y g SPECIFIC ENERGY V E y g 1
22 E y E y V g Q ga y 1 and y are called alternate depths y 1 = supercritical flow, F r >1 y = subcritical flow, F r <1 y 1 y y 1 y 1 y y y c = critical depth, F r =1 (minimum specific energy)
23 Flow Regimes Froude Number Subcritical <1 Critical =1 Supercritical >1 V = Average flow velocity g = Acceleration of gravity D h = Hydraulic depth 3
24 Critical Depth is the flow depth corresponding to the minimum specific energy. Corresponds to F r =1 Fr 1 V gd V g( A / T ) Q A gd 4
25 D=y A=by 3 y c Q gb y b y E c 3 c 5
26 Water Depth (m) Pipe Diameter = 1.8 Discharge = Units System = SI Number of div = 40 Total Area =.54 Y Theta Area KE Spec. E SPECIFIC ENERGY CURVE FOR CIRCULAR CONDUIT Specific Energy (m)
27 Fundamental equations Computation methods
28 Definition: Steady, Non-Uniform flow in which the depth variation in the direction of motion is gradual enough that the pressure distribution can be considered hydrostatic Additional assumptions Small channel slope Energy losses could be estimated by using Manning s equation FUNDAMENTAL EQUATION Total Head z 1 + y 1 + V 1 g = z + y + V g + h f We are interested in the variation of y with x dy dx V 1 g y 1 HGL EGL z 1 S 0 z 1 S f S w y h f V g
29 Recalling that And dh dx = S f dz dx = S 0 (slope of the energy equation) (slope of the channel bottom) The derivative of the total head becomes: dy dx = S 0 S f 1 F F = Froude number
30 The normal depth together with the critical depth are used to classify the channel slope as mild, steep or critical. This classification is associated with the gradually flow profiles notation as M, S or C. Mild slope (M) y n > y c, in this case the uniform flow is subcritical Steep slope (S) y n < y c, in this case the uniform flow is supercritical Critical slope (C) y n = y c,, in this case the uniform flow is critical
31 Normal and critical depths divides the space above the channel bottom into three regions Zone 1 Zone NDL or CDL CDL or NDL Zone 3 There are 13 different types of surface profiles: 3 mild, 3 steep, critical, horizontal, adverse
32
33
OPEN CHANNEL FLOW. One-dimensional - neglect vertical and lateral variations in velocity. In other words, Q v = (1) A. Figure 1. One-dimensional Flow
OPEN CHANNEL FLOW Page 1 OPEN CHANNEL FLOW Open Channel Flow (OCF) is flow with one boundary exposed to atmospheric pressure. The flow is not pressurized and occurs because of gravity. Flow Classification
More informationUniform Channel Flow Basic Concepts Hydromechanics VVR090
Uniform Channel Flow Basic Concepts Hydromechanics VVR090 ppt by Magnus Larson; revised by Rolf L Feb 2014 SYNOPSIS 1. Definition of Uniform Flow 2. Momentum Equation for Uniform Flow 3. Resistance equations
More informationCE 6403 APPLIED HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING UNIT - II GRADUALLY VARIED FLOW
CE 6403 APPLIED HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING UNIT - II GRADUALLY VARIED FLOW Dynamic equations of gradually varied and spatially varied flows - Water surface flow profile classifications: Hydraulic Slope, Hydraulic
More informationUniform Channel Flow Basic Concepts. Definition of Uniform Flow
Uniform Channel Flow Basic Concepts Hydromechanics VVR090 Uniform occurs when: Definition of Uniform Flow 1. The depth, flow area, and velocity at every cross section is constant 2. The energy grade line,
More informationClosed duct flows are full of fluid, have no free surface within, and are driven by a pressure gradient along the duct axis.
OPEN CHANNEL FLOW Open channel flow is a flow of liquid, basically water in a conduit with a free surface. The open channel flows are driven by gravity alone, and the pressure gradient at the atmospheric
More informationHydraulics for Urban Storm Drainage
Urban Hydraulics Hydraulics for Urban Storm Drainage Learning objectives: understanding of basic concepts of fluid flow and how to analyze conduit flows, free surface flows. to analyze, hydrostatic pressure
More informationLECTURE 9: Open channel flow: Uniform flow, best hydraulic sections, energy principles, Froude number
LECTURE 9: Open channel flow: Uniform flow, best hydraulic sections, energy principles, Froude number Assist. Prof. Neslihan SEMERCİ Marmara University Department of Environmental Engineering Open channel
More informationVARIED FLOW IN OPEN CHANNELS
Chapter 15 Open Channels vs. Closed Conduits VARIED FLOW IN OPEN CHANNELS Fluid Mechanics, Spring Term 2011 In a closed conduit there can be a pressure gradient that drives the flow. An open channel has
More informationHydromechanics: Course Summary
Hydromechanics: Course Summary Hydromechanics VVR090 Material Included; French: Chapters to 9 and 4 + Sample problems Vennard & Street: Chapters 8 + 3, and (part of it) Roberson & Crowe: Chapter Collection
More informationPresented by: Civil Engineering Academy
Presented by: Civil Engineering Academy Open-Channel Flow Uniform Flow (See CERM Ch. 19) Characterized by constant depth volume, and cross section. It can be steady or unsteady Non-uniform Flow *Not on
More informationOpen Channel Flow Part 2. Ch 10 Young, notes, handouts
Open Channel Flow Part 2 Ch 10 Young, notes, handouts Uniform Channel Flow Many situations have a good approximation d(v,y,q)/dx=0 Uniform flow Look at extended Bernoulli equation Friction slope exactly
More informationHydraulics Part: Open Channel Flow
Hydraulics Part: Open Channel Flow Tutorial solutions -by Dr. K.N. Dulal Uniform flow 1. Show that discharge through a channel with steady flow is given by where A 1 and A 2 are the sectional areas of
More informationClosed duct flows are full of fluid, have no free surface within, and are driven by a pressure gradient along the duct axis.
OPEN CHANNEL FLOW Open channel flow is a flow of liquid, basically water in a conduit with a free surface. The open channel flows are driven by gravity alone, and the pressure gradient at the atmospheric
More informationUniform Flow in Open Channels
1 UNIT 2 Uniform Flow in Open Channels Lecture-01 Introduction & Definition Open-channel flow, a branch of hydraulics, is a type of liquid flow within a conduit with a free surface, known as a channel.
More informationCIE4491 Lecture. Hydraulic design
CIE4491 Lecture. Hydraulic design Marie-claire ten Veldhuis 19-9-013 Delft University of Technology Challenge the future Hydraulic design of urban stormwater systems Focus on sewer pipes Pressurized and
More informationDr. Muhammad Ali Shamim ; Internal 652
Dr. Muhammad Ali Shamim ali.shamim@uettaxila.edu.pk 051-904765; Internal 65 Channel Tranistions A channel transition is defined as change in channel cross section e.g. change in channel width and/or channel
More informationGradually Varied Flow I+II. Hydromechanics VVR090
Gradually Varied Flow I+II Hydromechanics VVR090 Gradually Varied Flow Depth of flow varies with longitudinal distance. Occurs upstream and downstream control sections. Governing equation: dy dx So Sf
More informationWe will assume straight channels with simple geometries (prismatic channels) and steady state flow (in time).
56 Review Drag & Lift Laminar vs Turbulent Boundary Layer Turbulent boundary layers stay attached to bodies longer Narrower wake! Lower pressure drag! 8. Open-Channel Flow Pipe/duct flow closed, full,
More informationWater Flow in Open Channels
The Islamic Universit of Gaza Facult of Engineering Civil Engineering Department Hdraulics - ECIV 33 Chapter 6 Water Flow in Open Channels Introduction An open channel is a duct in which the liquid flows
More informationDEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Urban Drainage: Hydraulics. Solutions to problem sheet 2: Flows in open channels
DEPRTMENT OF CIVIL ND ENVIRONMENTL ENGINEERING Urban Drainage: Hydraulics Solutions to problem sheet 2: Flows in open channels 1. rectangular channel of 1 m width carries water at a rate 0.1 m 3 /s. Plot
More informationSTEADY UNIFORM FLOW IN OPEN CHANNEL
11/4/018 School of Environmental Engineering STEY UNIFORM FLOW IN OEN CHNNEL ZULKRNIN BIN HSSN COURSE OUTCOMES CO1: ble to analyze and design the steady flow in pipeline (O1) CO: ble to analyze and design
More informationP = 2Rθ. The previous Manning formulas are used to predict V o and Q for uniform flow when the above expressions are substituted for A, P, and R h.
Uniform Flow in a Partly Full, Circular Pipe Fig. 10.6 shows a partly full, circular pipe with uniform flow. Since frictional resistance increases with wetted perimeter, but volume flow rate increases
More informationFLOW IN CONDUITS. Shear stress distribution across a pipe section. Chapter 10
Chapter 10 Shear stress distribution across a pipe section FLOW IN CONDUITS For steady, uniform flow, the momentum balance in s for the fluid cylinder yields Fluid Mechanics, Spring Term 2010 Velocity
More informationBasic Hydraulics. Rabi H. Mohtar ABE 325
Basic Hydraulics Rabi H. Mohtar ABE 35 The river continues on its way to the sea, broken the wheel of the mill or not. Khalil Gibran The forces on moving body of fluid mass are:. Inertial due to mass (ρ
More informationCEE 3310 Open Channel Flow, Nov. 26,
CEE 3310 Open Channel Flow, Nov. 6, 018 175 8.10 Review Open Channel Flow Gravity friction balance. y Uniform Flow x = 0 z = S 0L = h f y Rapidly Varied Flow x 1 y Gradually Varied Flow x 1 In general
More informationChapter 10 Flow in Conduits
Chapter 10 Flow in Conduits 10.1 Classifying Flow Laminar Flow and Turbulent Flow Laminar flow Unpredictable Turbulent flow Near entrance: undeveloped developing flow In developing flow, the wall shear
More informationOpen-channel hydraulics
Open-channel hydraulics STEADY FLOW IN OPEN CHANNELS constant discharge, other geometric and flow characteristics depended only on position Uniform flow Non-uniform flow S; y; v const. i i 0 i E y 1 y
More informationFE Fluids Review March 23, 2012 Steve Burian (Civil & Environmental Engineering)
Topic: Fluid Properties 1. If 6 m 3 of oil weighs 47 kn, calculate its specific weight, density, and specific gravity. 2. 10.0 L of an incompressible liquid exert a force of 20 N at the earth s surface.
More informationREE 307 Fluid Mechanics II. Lecture 1. Sep 27, Dr./ Ahmed Mohamed Nagib Elmekawy. Zewail City for Science and Technology
REE 307 Fluid Mechanics II Lecture 1 Sep 27, 2017 Dr./ Ahmed Mohamed Nagib Elmekawy Zewail City for Science and Technology Course Materials drahmednagib.com 2 COURSE OUTLINE Fundamental of Flow in pipes
More information1. Open Channel Hydraulics
Open Channel Flow. Open Channel Hydraulics.... Definition and differences between pipe flow and open channel flow.... Types of flow.... Properties of open channels...4.4 Fundamental equations... 5.4. The
More informationOpen Channel Flow - General. Hydromechanics VVR090
Open Channel Flow - General Hydromechanics VVR090 ppt by Magnus Larson; revised by Rolf L Jan 2014, Feb 2015 SYNOPSIS 1. Introduction and Applications 2. The History of Open Channel Flow 3. Flow Classification
More informationOpen Channel Flow - General. Open Channel Flow
Open Channel Flow - General Hydromechanics VVR090 Open Channel Flow Open channel: a conduit for flow which has a free surface Free surface: interface between two fluids of different density Characteristics
More informationFluid Mechanics Prof. S.K. Som Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur
Fluid Mechanics Prof. S.K. Som Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture - 42 Flows with a Free Surface Part II Good morning. I welcome you to this session
More informationBlock 3 Open channel flow
Numerical Hydraulics Block 3 Open channel flow Markus Holzner Contents of the course Block 1 The equations Block Computation of pressure surges Block 3 Open channel flow (flow in rivers) Block 4 Numerical
More informationReview of pipe flow: Friction & Minor Losses
ENVE 204 Lecture -1 Review of pipe flow: Friction & Minor Losses Assist. Prof. Neslihan SEMERCİ Marmara University Department of Environmental Engineering Important Definitions Pressure Pipe Flow: Refers
More informationNPTEL Quiz Hydraulics
Introduction NPTEL Quiz Hydraulics 1. An ideal fluid is a. One which obeys Newton s law of viscosity b. Frictionless and incompressible c. Very viscous d. Frictionless and compressible 2. The unit of kinematic
More informationBasic Fluid Mechanics
Basic Fluid Mechanics Chapter 6A: Internal Incompressible Viscous Flow 4/16/2018 C6A: Internal Incompressible Viscous Flow 1 6.1 Introduction For the present chapter we will limit our study to incompressible
More informationA note on critical flow section in collector channels
Sādhan ā, Vol. 26, Part 5, October 2001, pp. 439 445. Printed in India A note on critical flow section in collector channels 1. Introduction SUBHASISH DEY Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute
More informationAdvanced Hydraulics Prof. Dr. Suresh A. Kartha Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati
Advanced Hydraulics Prof. Dr. Suresh A. Kartha Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati Module - 2 Uniform Flow Lecture - 1 Introduction to Uniform Flow Good morning everyone,
More information1.060 Engineering Mechanics II Spring Problem Set 8
1.060 Engineering Mechanics II Spring 2006 Due on Monday, May 1st Problem Set 8 Important note: Please start a new sheet of paper for each problem in the problem set. Write the names of the group members
More informationDepartment of Hydro Sciences, Institute for Urban Water Management. Urban Water
Department of Hydro Sciences, Institute for Urban Water Management Urban Water 1 Global water aspects Introduction to urban water management 3 Basics for systems description 4 Water transport 5 Matter
More informationcompare to Mannings equation
330 Fluid dynamics Density and viscosity help to control velocity and shear in fluids Density ρ (rho) of water is about 700 times greater than air (20 degrees C) Viscosity of water about 55 times greater
More informationOE4625 Dredge Pumps and Slurry Transport. Vaclav Matousek October 13, 2004
OE465 Vaclav Matousek October 13, 004 1 Dredge Vermelding Pumps onderdeel and Slurry organisatie Transport OE465 Vaclav Matousek October 13, 004 Dredge Vermelding Pumps onderdeel and Slurry organisatie
More informationFLUID MECHANICS PROF. DR. METİN GÜNER COMPILER
FLUID MECHANICS PROF. DR. METİN GÜNER COMPILER ANKARA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AND TECHNOLOGIES ENGINEERING 1 5. FLOW IN PIPES 5.1.3. Pressure and Shear Stress
More informationMODELING FLUID FLOW IN OPEN CHANNEL WITH HORSESHOE CROSS SECTION
July. 2. Vol. 7. No. 2 MODELING FLUID FLOW IN OPEN CHANNEL WITH HORSESHOE CROSS SECTION 1 J. JOMBA, 2 D.M.THEURI, 2 E. MWENDA, 2 C. CHOMBA ABSTRACT Flow in a closed conduit is regarded as open channel
More informationFLUID MECHANICS. Dynamics of Viscous Fluid Flow in Closed Pipe: Darcy-Weisbach equation for flow in pipes. Major and minor losses in pipe lines.
FLUID MECHANICS Dynamics of iscous Fluid Flow in Closed Pipe: Darcy-Weisbach equation for flow in pipes. Major and minor losses in pipe lines. Dr. Mohsin Siddique Assistant Professor Steady Flow Through
More informationEFFECT OF BAFFLE BLOCKS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF RADIAL HYDRAULIC JUMP
Fourth International Water Technology Conference IWTC 99, Alexandria, Egypt 255 EFFECT OF BAFFLE BLOCKS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF RADIAL HYDRAULIC JUMP O. S. Rageh Irrigation & Hydraulics Dept., Faculty of
More informationFlow in Open Channel Flow Conditions
Civil Engineering Hydraulics Flow The graduate with a Science degree asks, "Why does it work?" The graduate with an Engineering degree asks, "How does it work?" The graduate with an Accounting degree asks,
More informationCHAPTER 2- BACKGROUND. INVESTIGATIONS OF COMPOSITE ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENT IN A RIVER WITH LOW FLOW
2. Background 2.1 Introduction The estimation of resistant coefficient and hence discharge capacity in a channel or river is one of the fundamental problems facing river engineers. When applying Manning
More informationconservation of linear momentum 1+8Fr = 1+ Sufficiently short that energy loss due to channel friction is negligible h L = 0 Bernoulli s equation.
174 Review Flow through a contraction Critical and choked flows The hydraulic jump conservation of linear momentum y y 1 = 1+ 1+8Fr 1 8.1 Rapidly Varied Flows Weirs 8.1.1 Broad-Crested Weir Consider the
More informationGuo, James C.Y. (1999). "Critical Flow Section in a Collector Channel," ASCE J. of Hydraulic Engineering, Vol 125, No. 4, April.
Guo, James C.Y. (1999). "Critical Flow Section in a Collector Channel," ASCE J. of Hydraulic Engineering, Vol 15, No. 4, April. CRITICAL FLOW SECTION IN A COLLECTOR CHANNEL By James C.Y. Guo, PhD, P.E.
More informationy 2 = 1 + y 1 This is known as the broad-crested weir which is characterized by:
CEE 10 Open Channel Flow, Dec. 1, 010 18 8.16 Review Flow through a contraction Critical and choked flows The hydraulic jump conservation of linear momentum y = 1 + y 1 1 + 8Fr 1 8.17 Rapidly Varied Flows
More informationLecture Note for Open Channel Hydraulics
Chapter -one Introduction to Open Channel Hydraulics 1.1 Definitions Simply stated, Open channel flow is a flow of liquid in a conduit with free space. Open channel flow is particularly applied to understand
More information7. Basics of Turbulent Flow Figure 1.
1 7. Basics of Turbulent Flow Whether a flow is laminar or turbulent depends of the relative importance of fluid friction (viscosity) and flow inertia. The ratio of inertial to viscous forces is the Reynolds
More informationPIPE FLOWS: LECTURE /04/2017. Yesterday, for the example problem Δp = f(v, ρ, μ, L, D) We came up with the non dimensional relation
/04/07 ECTURE 4 PIPE FOWS: Yesterday, for the example problem Δp = f(v, ρ, μ,, ) We came up with the non dimensional relation f (, ) 3 V or, p f(, ) You can plot π versus π with π 3 as a parameter. Or,
More informationFluvial Dynamics. M. I. Bursik ublearns.buffalo.edu October 26, Home Page. Title Page. Contents. Page 1 of 18. Go Back. Full Screen. Close.
Page 1 of 18 Fluvial Dynamics M. I. Bursik ublearns.buffalo.edu October 26, 2008 1. Fluvial Dynamics We want to understand a little of the basic physics of water flow and particle transport, as so much
More informationV/ t = 0 p/ t = 0 ρ/ t = 0. V/ s = 0 p/ s = 0 ρ/ s = 0
UNIT III FLOW THROUGH PIPES 1. List the types of fluid flow. Steady and unsteady flow Uniform and non-uniform flow Laminar and Turbulent flow Compressible and incompressible flow Rotational and ir-rotational
More informationLECTURE 2: FLUID MECHANICS
LECTURE 2: FLUID MECHANICS Introduction Conservation of mass and momentum General types of flow Laminar vs. turbulent flow Shear Stress Reach-average shear stress Bed roughness and reach average flow velocity
More informationPressure Head: Pressure head is the height of a column of water that would exert a unit pressure equal to the pressure of the water.
Design Manual Chapter - Stormwater D - Storm Sewer Design D- Storm Sewer Sizing A. Introduction The purpose of this section is to outline the basic hydraulic principles in order to determine the storm
More information1-Reynold s Experiment
Lect.No.8 2 nd Semester Flow Dynamics in Closed Conduit (Pipe Flow) 1 of 21 The flow in closed conduit ( flow in pipe ) is differ from this occur in open channel where the flow in pipe is at a pressure
More informationTurbulence is a ubiquitous phenomenon in environmental fluid mechanics that dramatically affects flow structure and mixing.
Turbulence is a ubiquitous phenomenon in environmental fluid mechanics that dramatically affects flow structure and mixing. Thus, it is very important to form both a conceptual understanding and a quantitative
More informationChapter 8: Flow in Pipes
Objectives 1. Have a deeper understanding of laminar and turbulent flow in pipes and the analysis of fully developed flow 2. Calculate the major and minor losses associated with pipe flow in piping networks
More information3.2 CRITICAL DEPTH IN NONRECTANGULAR CHANNELS AND OCCUR- RENCE OF CRITICAL DEPTH
3.2 CRITICAL DEPTH IN NONRECTANGULAR CHANNELS AND OCCUR- RENCE OF CRITICAL DEPTH Critical Depth in Non-Rectangular Channels Consider an irregular channel: da w dd dd d Specific energy is defined as: E
More informationSTEADY FLOW THROUGH PIPES DARCY WEISBACH EQUATION FOR FLOW IN PIPES. HAZEN WILLIAM S FORMULA, LOSSES IN PIPELINES, HYDRAULIC GRADE LINES AND ENERGY
STEADY FLOW THROUGH PIPES DARCY WEISBACH EQUATION FOR FLOW IN PIPES. HAZEN WILLIAM S FORMULA, LOSSES IN PIPELINES, HYDRAULIC GRADE LINES AND ENERGY LINES 1 SIGNIFICANCE OF CONDUITS In considering the convenience
More informationOpen Channel Flow I - The Manning Equation and Uniform Flow COURSE CONTENT
Open Channel Flow I - The Manning Equation and Uniform Flow Harlan H. Bengtson, PhD, P.E. COURSE CONTENT 1. Introduction Flow of a liquid may take place either as open channel flow or pressure flow. Pressure
More informationGeology 550 Spring 2005 LAB 3: HYDRAULICS OF PRAIRIE CREEK
Geology 550 Spring 2005 LAB 3: HYDRAULICS OF PRAIRIE CREEK Objectives: 1. To examine the distribution of velocity in a stream channel 2. To characterize the state of flow using dimensionless variables
More information12d Model. Civil and Surveying Software. Version 7. Drainage Analysis Module Hydraulics. Owen Thornton BE (Mech), 12d Model Programmer
1d Model Civil and Surveying Sotware Version 7 Drainage Analysis Module Hydraulics Owen Thornton BE (Mech), 1d Model Programmer owen.thornton@1d.com 9 December 005 Revised: 10 January 006 8 February 007
More informationAnalysis of Flow Resistance for Different Bed Materials with Varying Discharge Experimentally in Open Channels
Analysis of Flow Resistance for Different Bed Materials with Varying Discharge Experimentally in Open Channels Lakshmi Mitra 1, Dr.Mimi Das Saikia 2 M.Tech. Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Assam
More informationFluid Mechanics. du dy
FLUID MECHANICS Technical English - I 1 th week Fluid Mechanics FLUID STATICS FLUID DYNAMICS Fluid Statics or Hydrostatics is the study of fluids at rest. The main equation required for this is Newton's
More informationViscous Flow in Ducts
Dr. M. Siavashi Iran University of Science and Technology Spring 2014 Objectives 1. Have a deeper understanding of laminar and turbulent flow in pipes and the analysis of fully developed flow 2. Calculate
More informationUnited States Army Corps of Engineers Engineering Manual EM
United States Army Corps of Engineers Engineering Manual EM 1110-2-1601 1 Chapter 2 Open Channel Hydraulic Theory 2 Open Channel Hydraulic Theory Physical Hydraulic Elements Hydraulic Design Aspects Flow
More informationDepartment of Civil Engineering Hydraulics and Water Resources Division Application and Solution I
Question 1: The Specific weight of water is 1000 /. Using this given value, find the specific mass of water in SI units (g= m/s ). Solution 1: The specific mass of water in SI units: 1 N 1000 m 9810 Nm
More informationThe University cannot take responsibility for any misprints or errors in the presented formulas. Please use them carefully and wisely.
Aide Mémoire Suject: Useful formulas for flow in rivers and channels The University cannot take responsiility for any misprints or errors in the presented formulas. Please use them carefully and wisely.
More informationEffect of Roughness on Discharge
Effect of Roughness on Discharge T.W. Lau, and N.R. Afshar Abstract These Water resource projects and hydraulic engineering works have been developing rapidly throughout the world, thus prediction of water
More informationChapter 8: Flow in Pipes
8-1 Introduction 8-2 Laminar and Turbulent Flows 8-3 The Entrance Region 8-4 Laminar Flow in Pipes 8-5 Turbulent Flow in Pipes 8-6 Fully Developed Pipe Flow 8-7 Minor Losses 8-8 Piping Networks and Pump
More information28.2 Classification of Jumps
28.2 Classification of Jumps As mentioned earlier, the supercritical flow Froude number influences the characteristics of the hydraulic jump. Bradley and Peterka, after extensive experimental investigations,
More informationInfluence of Two-line Emergent Floodplain Vegetation on A Straight Compound Channel Flow
International Journal of Integrated Engineering, Vol. 5 No. 1 (2013) p. 58-63 Influence of Two-line Emergent Floodplain Vegetation on A Straight Compound Channel Flow Mazlin Jumain 1,*, Zulkiflee Ibrahim
More informationVisualization of flow pattern over or around immersed objects in open channel flow.
EXPERIMENT SEVEN: FLOW VISUALIZATION AND ANALYSIS I OBJECTIVE OF THE EXPERIMENT: Visualization of flow pattern over or around immersed objects in open channel flow. II THEORY AND EQUATION: Open channel:
More informationBeaver Creek Corridor Design and Analysis. By: Alex Previte
Beaver Creek Corridor Design and Analysis By: Alex Previte Overview Introduction Key concepts Model Development Design Accuracy Conclusion Refresh v = Beaver Creek Site = Wittenberg Introduction Low head
More informationOpen Channel Hydraulics I - Uniform Flow
PDHonline Course H138 (2 PDH) Open Channel Hydraulics I - Uniform Flow Instructor: Harlan H. Bengtson, Ph.D., PE 2012 PDH Online PDH Center 5272 Meadow Estates Drive Fairfax, VA 22030-6658 Phone & Fax:
More informationOpen Channel Hydraulics
30 Open Channel Hydraulics Aldo Giorgini (deceased) Donald D. Gray West Virginia University 30. Definitions and Principles Classification of Flows Flow Regimes 30. Balance and Conservation Principles Conservation
More informationAn-Najah National University Civil Engineering Department. Fluid Mechanics. Chapter 1. General Introduction
1 An-Najah National University Civil Engineering Department Fluid Mechanics Chapter 1 General Introduction 2 What is Fluid Mechanics? Mechanics deals with the behavior of both stationary and moving bodies
More informationME 305 Fluid Mechanics I. Part 8 Viscous Flow in Pipes and Ducts. Flow in Pipes and Ducts. Flow in Pipes and Ducts (cont d)
ME 305 Fluid Mechanics I Flow in Pipes and Ducts Flow in closed conduits (circular pipes and non-circular ducts) are very common. Part 8 Viscous Flow in Pipes and Ducts These presentations are prepared
More informations and FE X. A. Flow measurement B. properties C. statics D. impulse, and momentum equations E. Pipe and other internal flow 7% of FE Morning Session I
Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam General Section Steven Burian Civil & Environmental Engineering October 26, 2010 s and FE X. A. Flow measurement B. properties C. statics D. impulse, and momentum
More informationpresented by Umut Türker Open Channel Flow
presented by Umut Türker Open Channel Flow What is open channel flow? Open channel flow is a flow which has a free surface and flows due to the gravitational effect What is open channel flow? Open channel
More informationBACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING)
No. of Printed Pages : 6 BME-028 BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING) Term-End Examination December, 2011 00792 BME-028 : FLUID MECHANICS Time : 3 hours
More informationHEAT TRANSFER BY CONVECTION. Dr. Şaziye Balku 1
HEAT TRANSFER BY CONVECTION Dr. Şaziye Balku 1 CONDUCTION Mechanism of heat transfer through a solid or fluid in the absence any fluid motion. CONVECTION Mechanism of heat transfer through a fluid in the
More informationLecture 10: River Channels
GEOG415 Lecture 10: River Channels 10-1 Importance of channel characteristics Prediction of flow was the sole purpose of hydrology, and still is a very important aspect of hydrology. - Water balance gives
More informationFluid Mechanics Introduction
Fluid Mechanics Introduction Fluid mechanics study the fluid under all conditions of rest and motion. Its approach is analytical, mathematical, and empirical (experimental and observation). Fluid can be
More informationPROPERTIES OF FLUIDS
Unit - I Chapter - PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS Solutions of Examples for Practice Example.9 : Given data : u = y y, = 8 Poise = 0.8 Pa-s To find : Shear stress. Step - : Calculate the shear stress at various
More informationch-01.qxd 8/4/04 2:33 PM Page 1 Part 1 Basic Principles of Open Channel Flows
ch-01.qxd 8/4/04 2:33 PM Page 1 Part 1 Basic Principles of Open Channel Flows ch-01.qxd 8/4/04 2:33 PM Page 3 Introduction 1 Summary The introduction chapter reviews briefly the basic fluid properties
More informationHydraulics and hydrology
Hydraulics and hydrology - project exercises - Class 4 and 5 Pipe flow Discharge (Q) (called also as the volume flow rate) is the volume of fluid that passes through an area per unit time. The discharge
More informationENGINEERING FLUID MECHANICS. CHAPTER 1 Properties of Fluids
CHAPTER 1 Properties of Fluids ENGINEERING FLUID MECHANICS 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Development of Fluid Mechanics 1.3 Units of Measurement (SI units) 1.4 Mass, Density, Specific Weight, Specific Volume, Specific
More informationSteven Burian Civil & Environmental Engineering September 25, 2013
Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam Mechanics Steven Burian Civil & Environmental Engineering September 25, 2013 s and FE Morning ( Mechanics) A. Flow measurement 7% of FE Morning B. properties Session
More information5. ROADSIDE AND MEDIAN CHANNELS
5. ROADSIDE AND MEDIAN CHANNELS Roadside and median channels are open-channel systems which collect and convey stormwater from the pavement surface, roadside, and median areas. These channels may outlet
More informationLesson 6 Review of fundamentals: Fluid flow
Lesson 6 Review of fundamentals: Fluid flow The specific objective of this lesson is to conduct a brief review of the fundamentals of fluid flow and present: A general equation for conservation of mass
More informationLaboratory #5 ABE 325 Erosion Processes Laboratory
Laboratory #5 ABE 325 Erosion Processes Laboratory Objective: To better understand the process of rill erosion and to understand the interaction between flow rate, sediment yield, slope, and a soil additive.
More informationAn overview of the Hydraulics of Water Distribution Networks
An overview of the Hydraulics of Water Distribution Networks June 21, 2017 by, P.E. Senior Water Resources Specialist, Santa Clara Valley Water District Adjunct Faculty, San José State University 1 Outline
More informationChapter 3 Water Flow in Pipes
The Islamic University o Gaza Faculty o Engineering Civil Engineering Department Hydraulics - ECI 33 Chapter 3 Water Flow in Pipes 3. Description o A Pipe Flow Water pipes in our homes and the distribution
More informationDetermining Coefficient of Discharge to Compare Coefficients of Resistance for Different Coarse Aggregate Beds
2015 IJSRSET Volume 1 Issue 4 Print ISSN : 2395-1990 Online ISSN : 2394-4099 Themed Section: Engineering and Technology Determining Coefficient of Discharge to Compare Coefficients of Resistance for Different
More information