Baccalieu Collegiate. Physics Course Outline

Transcription

1 Baccalieu Collegiate Physics 2204 Course Outline Course Content: Unit 1: Kinematics Motion is a common theme in our everyday lives: birds fly, babies crawl, and we, ourselves, seem to be in a constant state of movement: running, driving, walking, etc. Kinematics is the study of how objects move, and as such, makes up a large part of introductory physics. Taken from Physics 2204 Curriculum Guide 1.1 Vectors representing position, displacement, velocity and acceleration. Scalar and vector quantities. Distance verses displacement. Speed verses velocity. Adding/subtracting linear and perpendicular vectors algebraically and graphically. Acceleration (definition). Uniform verses non-uniform motion. 1.2 Graphical and mathematical analysis of the relationship among displacement, velocity and time. Using a displacement-time graph to determine what is happening to the magnitude and direction of an object s velocity. Finding the direction of motion of a uniformly accelerating object from its displacement-time graph and its velocity-time graph. Describing the velocity of an object from its velocity-time graph. Using velocity-time graphs for uniform acceleration to derive an equation relating final velocity, initial velocity, acceleration and displacement. Developing the kinematics equations. Solving kinematics problems using the kinematics equations. Finding velocity and acceleration from a displacement-time graph of a object undergoing non-uniform motion. Applications of kinematics. Core Lab #1: Objects falling vertically near the Earth. Calculating percent discrepancy. 1.3 Frames of reference. Fixed verses moving frames of reference. Identifying frames of motion for various situations. Relative displacement and velocity problems. Three situations to consider: 1) All motion is in the same direction. 2) Two pieces of motion in opposite directions. 3) Two pieces of motion perpendicular to each other. Physics 2204 Page 1 of 6 Course Content

2 Target Date of Completion: End of October Unit 2: Dynamics From real life experiences, we know that objects speed up, slow down, and change direction. Dynamics is the study of the factors that cause such changes. That is, why an object moves the way it does. Taken from Physics 2204 Curriculum Guide 2.1 Using vectors to represent forces. Free body diagrams. Net/resultant/unbalanced force. Resolving given forces into two components. Adding two or more forces acting on an object to find the net or resultant force when: 1) The forces are in the same direction. 2) The forces are in opposite directions. 3) The forces are perpendicular. 4) The forces make any general angle with each other. ** Coverage of this topic will include a study of the sine and cosine laws. 2.2 Newton s First Law of Motion. Stating Newton s First Law of Motion. Using Newton s First law to explain what is happening to an object when the net force on it is 0 N. Using Newton s First Law to explain what is meant by an inertial frame of reference. Physically demonstrating the property of inertia. Solving problems using Newton s First Law of Motion. 2.3 Newton s Second Law of Motion. Stating Newton s Second Law of Motion, in both word and equation form. Describing applications of Newton s Second Law of Motion. Using Newton s Second Law of Motion to define the Newton as a unit of force. Use Newton s Second Law of Motion equation to solve problems. 2.4 Newton s Third Law of Motion Stating Newton s Third Law of Motion. Describing applications of Newton s Third Law of Motion. Drawing diagrams identifying the action-reaction pairs of forces in various interactions. Qualitatively and quantitatively describing friction. Static verses kinetic friction. Mass verses weight. Solving problems using Newton s Third Law of Motion. 2.5 Lab Activities. Core Lab #2: Newton s Second Law. Core Lab #3: Kinetic Friction. Physics 2204 Page 2 of 6 Course Content

3 2.6 Newton s Universal Law of Gravitation. State Newton s Universal Law of Gravitation in word and equation form. Demonstrate that Newton s Universal Law of Gravitation is an inverse square law. Describe how the force of gravity varies according to different locations on Earth. Perform calculations using Newton s Universal Law of Gravitation. Relate Newton s Universal Law of Gravitation to Newton s 2 nd Law using the acceleration of a free falling body of 9.80 m/s 2 or g. Given two of an object s weight, its mass, and the acceleration due to gravity near the Earth s surface, calculate the third quantity. 2.7 Law of Conservation of Momentum Defining linear momentum as a vector quantity. Using the momentum equation. Defining impulse and showing how it is related to momentum. Using the impulse equation. Use the law of conservation of linear momentum to solve problems for collisions having the following properties: 1) One object is originally moving while the other is at rest. 2) Both objects are originally moving. 3) The objects bounce apart after the collision. 4) The objects stick together after the collision. Elastic versus inelastic collisions. Applications of momentum. Unit 3: Work and Energy Target Date of Completion: Mid-January When two or more objects are considered at once, a system is involved. To make sense of what happens between parts of a system, the concepts of work and energy are needed. These concepts lead to a study of the conservation laws, which enable us to describe, explain, and predict the outcomes of many one-dimensional interactions. Taken from Physics 2204 Curriculum Guide 3.1 Relationships among Force, Distance and Work. Conditions Under Which Work is Done Defining Work in terms of Displacement and Force in the Direction of Displacement Work Equation Influence of Direction of Force on Work Done Physics Use of the term Work vs. Everyday Usage Applications of Work to Situations Involving Mass, Force, Distance and Direction 3.1 Power Definition of Power Power Equation 3.2 Gravitational Potential Energy Physics 2204 Page 3 of 6 Course Content

4 Relationship between Gravitational Potential Energy of an object relative to a Reference level and height, mass and force of gravity. Equation Relating Gravitational Potential Energy and Work Done 3.3 Kinetic Energy Definition of Kinetic Energy in terms of Mass and Speed Kinetic Energy Equation 3.4 Elastic Potential Energy Explaining how stretches or compressed springs can possess elastic potential energy. Defining the spring constant k. Stating Hooke s Law. Equation for Hooke s Law. Writing expressions for potential energy stored in springs. 3.5 Simple harmonic Motion Defining simple harmonic motion. Explaining qualitatively the relationship between displacement, velocity, time, and acceleration for simple harmonic motion. Quantitatively explain the relationship between potential and kinetic energies of a mass undergoing simple harmonic motion. Calculating the speed and acceleration of a mass on a spring. 3.6 Work-Energy Theorem Stating the Work-Energy Theorem Solving Problems using the Work-Energy Theorem Describing the relationship between work and energy. 3.7 Mechanical Energy Defining mechanical energy. Law of conservation of energy. Law of conservation of mechanical energy. Solving problems using the law of conservation of mechanical energy when: 1) changes are experienced in gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy. 2) Changes are experienced in elastic potential energy. Investigation of the relationship between kinetic and potential energy. Percent efficiency of energy transformations. The role of friction in the loss of mechanical energy from a system. Calculating percent efficiency. Unit 4 : Waves Target Date of Completion: End of March Everyone has experienced waves in many forms, such as water waves hitting a beach, standing waves in telephone lines, and travelling waves in a skipping rope. Throughout this unit we will observe, predict and explain specific wave behaviors such as reflection, refraction, and diffraction. Physics 2204 Page 4 of 6 Course Content

5 Taken from Physics 2204 Curriculum Guide 4.1 Vibrations Definition and examples of vibrations, pulses and waves Frequency and Period of waves. Relationship between frequency and period. Frequency-Period Equation Definitions of and examples of Cycle and Amplitude of Vibration Dependence of a wave s energy on its amplitude and frequency. Transfer of energy through waves. 4.2 Transverse Pulses and Waves Defining Transverse Pulses. Creation and transmission of transverse pulses. Transverse waves. Crests, troughs, wavelength, amplitude and periodic of periodic transverse waves. 4.3 Longitudinal Pulses and Waves Defining Longitudinal Pulses and Waves. Compressions and rarefactions. Creation and transmission of longitudinal pulses and waves. 4.4 Characteristics of Transverse and Longitudinal Waves In phase points on wave trains. Out of phase points on wave trains. Drawing diagrams of two waves that are 1) in phase 2) completely out of phase Principle of Superposition as it applies to transverse pulses and waves. Constructive versus destructive interference. Universal wave equation (derivation and application). 4.5 Light Three Ways in Which Light Can be Produced Transmission of light energy. Calculating the Speed of Light using Distance and Time Rectilinear Propagation Beam of Light versus. Ray of Light 4.6 Wave Phenomena applied to Light Reflection of light from a smooth surface. Law of Reflection. Formation of images in plane mirrors. Geometrically finding images in plane mirrors. Refraction of Light. Comparison of the speed of light in air, water or in glass with that in a vacuum.. Index of Refraction of Light in terms of speed of light. Drawing accurate ray diagrams for light passing through a variety of materials. Snell s Law of Refraction. Physics 2204 Page 5 of 6 Course Content

6 Core Lab # 4: Investigation of the refraction of light. Total internal reflection. Definition and calculation of critical angle. Doppler Effect for Light. Calculations involving red and blue shifts of light. Interference of light. Double slit equations. 4.7 Sound Production and transmission of sound. Dependence of sound speed on medium. Calculations involving v = d/t equation for sound. Calculating speed of sound using the air temperature equation. Core Lab #5: Speed of Sound in Air Mach number. Sound Intensity and the Inverse Square Law. Sound Intensity Level. Doppler Effect for Sound. Sonic Boom (definition, resulting problems and reduction of these problems). Dependence of perceived loudness of sound on frequency and intensity. Frequency ranges. Effects of aging on the typical frequency range of human hearing. 4.8 Wave Interference and Reflection. Production of standing waves on a stretched string. Observing and labeling the formation of various overtone frequencies on string or rope. Core Lab #6: Reflection of transverse waves from a fixed end and free end of a spring. Creating diagrams of various overtones given the fundamental frequency and fundamental wavelength of a vibrating string. Resonance. Importance of accounting for resonance in design processes. Sound resonance involving tuning forks. Production of standing waves in: 1) Closed pipes 2) Open pipes Production of beats. Beat frequency calculation. Target Date of Completion: End of School Year Physics 2204 Page 6 of 6 Course Content