SPH3U Practice Test. True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
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1 True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. The reason your head feels like it jerks backward when pulling away from a stop sign is best explained by Newton's First Law. 2. An airplane is flying in level flight with constant velocity. The forward "thrust" force acting on the airplane is greater than the "drag" force acting in the opposite direction. 3. The force that propels you forward as you walk across the floor is the force that is exerted by the floor itself. 4. If two forces that are identical in strength but exactly opposite in direction act on the same object, that object must necessarily be motionless. 5. A child sits on a toboggan and slides down a hill with a particular acceleration. If another child joins the first one on the toboggan, they will slide down the hill with the same acceleration. 6. If the vector sum of all forces acting on an object is precisely zero, the object could still be moving. 7. When drawing a proper free-body diagram, all forces, including the net force acting on the object, must be clearly indicated. 8. A person pulls on one end of a rope whose other end is firmly tied to a sturdy pole. The force exerted by the person is not quite strong enough to break the rope. If the end is then untied from the pole and two people pull on opposite ends, each with a force identical to the person in the first case, the rope may break. 9. Two people pushing an object against friction across a surface will result in twice the acceleration than if only one person pushes. Assume that the object slides in both cases and that both people push with the same force. 10. Two people pushing an object across a frictionless surface will result in twice the acceleration than if only one person pushes. Assume the object slides in both cases and that both people push with the same force. Understanding Concepts 1. A squirrel with an armful of nuts is sliding helplessly across the flat, icy roof, getting dangerously close to the edge. He understands Newton s Third Law, and is able to save himself. Explain how he does it. 2. Why does the gravitational field strength at the surface of Earth vary from location to location? 3. Clearly distinguish between the terms "mass" and "weight." 4. Distinguish between the terms "static" and "kinetic" friction. 5. Provide examples that illustrate that friction is sometimes desirable and sometimes undesirable. Problem 1. A 2.0 kg mass, placed on a smooth, level table, is attached by a light string passing over a frictionless pulley to a 5.0 kg mass hanging freely over the edge of the table, as illustrated. Calculate (a) the tension in the string (b) the acceleration of the 2.0 kg mass.
2 2. A stationary box of mass 4.2 kg is given a push of 8.2 N [S] along a surface where the frictional force acting is 5.8 N [N]. The push lasts for 3.6 s and then the box is allowed to slide on its own until it comes to rest. (a) Draw free-body diagrams to show the box being pushed and sliding on its own. (b) Determine the acceleration of the box as it is being pushed. (c) Calculate the speed of the box just as the push ceases. (d) Determine the acceleration of the box as it is sliding on its own. 3. Two crates, of mass 12.0 kg and 20.0 kg, respectively, are pushed across a smooth floor together, the 20 kg crate in front of the 12 kg crate. Their acceleration is 1.75 m/s 2. Calculate each of the following. (a) the force applied to push the crates (b) the action-reaction forces between the two crates Recalculate (a) and (b) if the relative positions of the two crates are reversed. 4. Three small children of mass 20.0 kg, 24.0 kg, and 16.0 kg, respectively, hold hands, as shown, and are pulled across a smooth frozen pond by a larger boy on skates, who pulls a horizontal rope being held by the first child. The skater pulls on the rope with a force of 135 N. Calculate each of the following. (a) the acceleration of the skater (b) the force with which each pair of children must hold hands, to ensure that the chain is not broken 5. (a) What is the net force required to give an automobile of mass 1600 kg an acceleration of 4.5 m/s 2? (b) What is the acceleration of a wagon of mass 20 kg if a horizontal force of 64 N is applied to it (ignore friction)? (c) What is the mass of a block of iron if a net force of 240 N causes it to accelerate across a smooth horizontal surface at 2.5 m/s 2? Short Answers 1. A cart with a mass of 2.0 kg is pulled across a level desk by a horizontal force of 4.0 N. If the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.12, what is the acceleration of the cart? 2. How much force would be required to start a 1.0-kg object sliding along a horizontal surface if the coefficient of starting friction is 0.20? 3. If a 7.2 N force is required to accelerate a 3.4-kg object along a horizontal surface at a rate of 1.6 m/s 2, what is the frictional resistance that is acting? 4. A wagon of mass 2.4 kg is pushed along the ground at 1.2 m/s 2 against a frictional force of 1.22 N. What is the applied force that is acting? Draw a free-body diagram. 5. If 6.8 N of force are exerted horizontally on a 1.1-kg object and 2.4 N of friction are impeding its slide, what is the object's acceleration? Draw a free-body diagram. 6. A force of 1.2 N is applied to an object of mass 1.5 kg. It accelerates at 0.50 m/s 2. Determine the force of friction that is acting and the coefficient of kinetic friction involved. 7. An applied force of 6.2 N acts on a 2.1-kg object, pushing it horizontally across a surface where the coefficient of kinetic friction is (a) Determine the frictional force acting. (b) Determine the object's acceleration.
3 SPH3U Practice Test Answer Section TRUE/FALSE 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. F 8. F 9. F 10. T SHORT ANSWER 1. He saves himself by throwing nuts towards the edge of the roof. To do so, he exerts a force on each nut towards the edge. The nut exerts an equal force back on the squirrel, away from the edge, causing him to slow down. 2. The gravitational field strength is dependent on the distance from the centre of Earth. Since Earth is not perfectly spherical, the gravitational field strength is greater at the poles because the distance to the centre of Earth is the least at these locations. 3. Mass is simply the "quantity of matter" of which an object is composed. Weight is the gravitational force which is being exerted upon the object and this is dependent on the strength of the gravitational field that the object is in. 4. Static friction is the force that tends to prevent an object from beginning to slide when pushed. Kinetic friction is the frictional force that acts on a sliding object. 5. Friction is what stops a car when its brake pads are pushed against the wheels' rotors. Friction is undesirable when you want something to slide as freely as possible, for example, a motor's shaft inside bearings. PROBLEM 1. (a) Using Newton s Law of Motion,
4 (b) 2. (a)
5 (b) The acceleration of the box is 0.57 m/s 2 [S]. (c) The speed of the box is 2.1 m/s. (d) The acceleration of the box is 1.4 m/s 2 [N]. 3. (a)
6 (b) Consider the 20 kg crate only. The force accelerating it is the force exerted on it by the 12.0 kg crate,. For the reversed crates, is unchanged but 4. For the acceleration of the entire group, (b) For the force between the 20.0 kg and the 24.0 kg child, mass being accelerated is 16.0 kg kg. Similarly, for the force between the 24.0 kg and 16.0 kg child, Free body diagrams of the 3 children appear as:
7 5. (a) (b) (c) 1.
8 2. An applied force of 2.0 N [fwd] would be required to get this object sliding. CASE 3. Let [fwd] be "positive" and [bkwd] be "negative". The frictional force acting is 1.8 N [bkwd]. 4. Let [fwd] be "positive" and [bkwd] be "negative". The applied force is 4.0 N [fwd].
9 5. Let [fwd] be "positive" and [bkwd] be "negative". 6. The acceleration is 4.0 m/s 2 [fwd].
10 7. The frictional force acting is 0.45 N [bkwd] and the coefficient of kinetic friction is (a) The frictional force is 3.1 N [bkwd]. (b) The object's acceleration is 1.5 m/s 2 [fwd].
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