Tracking. Particle In Cell. Wakefield
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1 CST PARTICLE STUDIO STUDIO SOLVERS & APPLICATIONS 1 Mar-09
2 CST PARTICLE STUDIO Solvers Tracking Simulation of DC Particle Guns, Collectors, Magnets Tracking in static E/H fields (incl. space charge) Multipactor in cavities i (eigenmode, no spc-charge) Particle In Cell Wakefield Selfconsistent transient field and particle solver including full space charge effects at all frequencies. Simulation MW-Tubes (TWT, Klystron, Magnetron,...) Multipactor in filters Transient solver with special beam excitation (predefined fixed straight beam path) 2 Mar-09
3 Workflow: Tracking Algorithm 1. Calculate electro- and magnetostatic fields 2. Calculate force on charged particles 3. Move particles according to the previously calculated force Trajectory d dt r r r r ( mv ) ) Velocity = q( E + v B update ( ) n+ 1 n+ 1 n n n+ 1/2 n+ 1 n+ 1/2 m v = m v + qδt E + v B r r r dr v Position update = rn+ 3/2 rn+ 1/2 rn+ 1 = +Δtv dt 3 Mar-09
4 Tracking Algorithm Gun Iteration: START Calculate electrostatic field distribution ib ti Relaxation of space-charge Track particles and monitor space-charge Has space-charge converged? END 4 Mar-09
5 Applications Electron Gun cathode 2D plot of the electric potential and the magnetig flux close to the cathode. magnetic lenses anode 5 Mar-09
6 Applications Gridded Gun Potential B-Field permanent magnets control grid 6 Mar-09
7 Field Emitter Display Applications single tip E-Field 7 Mar-09
8 Applications Collector Potential 8 Mar-09
9 Applications Collector, including secondary electron emission E0 = 50 kev E0 = 125 kev E0 = 200 kev E0 = 275 kev 9 E0 = initial energy of the electrons Mar-09
10 Collector, GPT Results Applications E0 = 50 kev E0 = 125 kev E0 = 200 kev E0 = 275 kev Sample GPT simulation results reproduced with permission. See also: M.J. de Loos, S.B. van der Geer, Pulsar Physics, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. B, Vol 139, Mar-09
11 Tesla-Type 9-Cell Cavity Applications Electric Field calculated by MWS-E 11 Mar-09
12 Tesla-Type 9-Cell Cavity Applications Particle Trajectory (color indicates the velocity of the particles) 12 Mar-09
13 CST PARTICLE STUDIO Solvers Tracking Simulation of DC Particle Guns, Collectors, Magnets Tracking in static E/H fields (incl. space charge) Multipactor in cavities i (eigenmode, no spc-charge) Particle In Cell Wakefield Selfconsistent transient field and particle solver including full space charge effects at all frequencies. Simulation MW-Tubes (TWT, Klystron, Magnetron,...) Multipactor in filters Transient solver with special beam excitation (predefined fixed straight beam path) 13 Mar-09
14 Particle in Cell (PIC) Algorithm Total charge collisionfree e - plasma Macro charges (e.g. Q=10 6 e - ) Number e - / macroparticle individual different ) b ) e ), j v r Relativistic equation of motion r u q r r r = ( E + v B ) t m 0 c r r r r r p mv ( ) v r = v u = = = γ β t m c m c 0 0 Feedback of particle motion via an a priori charge conserving current scheme r r D r r ρ roth = + J; divj = t t 14 Mar-09
15 Particle in Cell (PIC) Algorithm Numerical solution of Maxwell s equations discrete positions in grid space Currentdensity Interpolation Δt Interpolation E- and B- fields Any position in grid space Numerical solution of equations of motion 15 Mar-09
16 Applications Klystron Resonator Particle Trajectory E-Field Waveguide Output Power 16 Mar-09
17 Backward Wave Oscillator Applications Carol L. Kory and James A. Dayton, Interaction Simulations of Two 650 GHz BWOs Using MAFIA, Proceedings of the 9th IEEE International Vaccum Electronics Conference (IVEC), Monterey, USA, 2008 emission surfaces waveguide port for power monitoring 17 Mar-09
18 Backward Wave Oscillator Applications Carol L. Kory and James A. Dayton, Interaction Simulations of Two 650 GHz BWOs Using MAFIA, Proceedings of the 9th IEEE International Vaccum Electronics Conference (IVEC), Monterey, USA, Mar-09
19 Applications X-Band Transformer Gap Multipacting Analysis input 19 Particle Trajectory Mar-09
20 CST PARTICLE STUDIO Solvers Tracking Simulation of DC Particle Guns, Collectors, Magnets Tracking in static E/H fields (incl. space charge) Multipactor in cavities i (eigenmode, no spc-charge) Particle In Cell Wakefield Selfconsistent transient field and particle solver including full space charge effects at all frequencies. Simulation MW-Tubes (TWT, Klystron, Magnetron,...) Multipactor in filters Transient solver with special beam excitation (predefined fixed straight beam path) 20 Mar-09
21 Beam Position Monitor Wakefields detailed Note: Beta smaller view than 1 is possible Mar-09
22 Beam Position Monitor Wakefields Port 1 Port 2 Output Signals at the electrode ports excited by the beam Time/ns Electric field vs. time 22 Mar-09
23 Wakefields Normalized output at the electrode See also: P. Raabe, VDI Fortschrittsberichte, Reihe 21, Nr. 128, Mar-09
24 Conclusion Technical competence generally applicable FIT method including PBA several emission models and secondary emission self consistent particle in cell simulation thermal co-simulation ) b ) ) e, j v r User friendly interface import of complex 3D geometries intuitive parametric CAD-modeling project templates, expert meshing automatic optimizer Selected application areas High Power Microwavetubes Electron Guns Field Emitter Displays Accelerator Components 24 Mar-09
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