Remote sensing image segmentation based on ant colony optimized fuzzy C-means clustering

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1 Avalable ole Joural of Checal ad Pharaceutcal Research, 204, 6(6: Research Artcle ISSN : CODEN(USA : JCPRC5 Reote sesg age segetato based o at coloy optzed fuzzy C-eas clusterg Jgfeg Ya School of Iforato Egeerg, Xuchag Uversty, Hea, Cha ABSTRACT Mddle spatal resoluto ult-spectral reote sesg age s a d of color age wth low cotrast, fuzzy boudares ad foratve features. I vew of these features, the fuzzy C-eas clusterg algorth s a deal choce for age segetato. However, fuzzy C-eas clusterg algorth requres a pre-specfed uber of clusters ad costs large coputato te, whch s easy to fall to local optal soluto. I order to overcoe these shortcogs, at coloy algorth s eployed to optze fuzzy C-eas algorth reote sesg age segetato. Frst, the ceters ad uber of clusters s detered by at coloy optzato algorth. The the talzato fuzzy C-eas algorth s used for reote sesg age classfcato. Experetal results show that the at coloy optzato s a effectve ethod to solve the proble of fuzzy C-eas algorth reote sesg age segetato ad the vsual terpretato of segetato s uch proved by proposed at coloy optzed C-eas clusterg. Keywords: reote sesg, age segetato, fuzzy C-eas algorth, at coloy optzato. INTRODUCTION Wth the developet of reote sesg techology, reote sesg ages plays a sgfcat role geographcal codtos otorg,.e. floodg, forest fres, crop healthy, etc. Reote sesg age segetato s a prerequste for reote sesg age processg ad uderstadg. Thus provg segetato accuracy s a portat ssue to esure effectve follow-up wor reote sesg age processg. Iage segetato s a techque to dvde the age to o-overlappg regos ad extract target of terest. Mddle spatal resoluto ult-spectral reote sesg age s a d of color age wth low cotrast, fuzzy boudares ad foratve features. The lterature revews that fuzzy C-eas algorth s a dea choce for reote sesg age segetato [-3]. However, fuzzy C-eas clusterg algorth requres a pre-specfed uber of clusters ad costs large coputato te, whch s easy to fall to local optal soluto [4]. Thus, ay researchers proposed proved fuzzy C-eas segetato algorths. At coloy optzato algorth s orgally developed by Dorgo (99, whch s essetally a sophstcated tellgece syste wth strog robustess, excellet dstrbuted coputato ad easy to be cobed wth other ethods [5-6]. I recet years, wth the rapd developet of at coloy algorth age processg, at coloy algorth s used to prove age segetato results [7-9]. I order to overcoe these shortcogs, at coloy algorth s eployed to optze fuzzy C-eas algorth reote sesg age segetato. Frst, the ceters ad uber of clusters s detered by at coloy optzato algorth. The the talzato fuzzy C-eas algorth s used for reote sesg age classfcato. The reader of ths paper s arraged as follows: Secto 2 ad secto 3 descrbe the prcple of fuzzy C-eas 2675

2 Jgfeg Ya J. Che. Phar. Res., 204, 6(6: algorth ad at coloy optzato, respectvely. Secto 4 gves the proposed ethod. Experetal result s show secto 5. Coclusos are ade secto 6. 2 Basc fuzzy C-eas algorth Fuzzy c-eas (FCM clusterg s a ethod whch allows oe pece of data to belog to two or ore clusters. The basc dea of fuzzy C-eas clusterg algorth s as follows. Let X { x, x2,..., x } trasfored to the clusterg of saples. Let V { =,2,..., c} U { =,2,..., c; =,2,..., } ad = dcates the uber of pxels the age. Thus, the age segetato s = s the ceter of clusters. = s the ebershp of the th saple to the th class, where 0 U 0 U. Thus the object fucto of FCM s as follows: = where U = { U }, V ( v, v2,..., v c c ( = = = J U, V U x v ( =, >,the costra codto s U = =,2,..., The optal soluto of object fucto FCM ca be obtaed by updatg ebershp atrx U ad cluster ceter V teratvely. Uj = 2, c, j (2 c u j v = u j v ( U, x V =, c (3 = = ( U Updatg ebershp atrx U ad cluster ceter V accordg to equato (2 ad (3 utl the chaged value of s less tha ( ε > 0 ε. 3 At coloy optzato algorth At coloy optzato (ACO algorth s a ovel sulated evolutoary algorth [0-]. Iage segetato based o at coloy algorths ca be tae as the process of clusterg pxels of dfferet characterstcs, whch s slar to the process of ats fdg food source. As we ow, ats ca always fd the optal path to a source of food ature evroets. Thus, the process of age segetato based o at coloy s as follows: each pxel of the age s tae as a at ad the cluster ceter s tae as food source. As the vsual rage of at s sall, so the begg, the search s bld. However, the ats wll leave pherooe o the path. The other ats detere the drecto of search accordg to the aout of pherooe ad leave ther ow pherooe o the path. After ay cycles, the ats wll leave ore pherooe o the optal path, whch leads ore ats pass o t. The searchg process s a postve feedbac echas ad the ats wll have ther ow way to fd the optal path. A at s a sple coputatoal aget the at coloy optzato algorth. I geeral, the th at oves fro state x to state y wth probablty: where p = α β ( τ ( η α β ( τ ( η y allowed y τ s the aout of pherooe deposted for trasto fro state x to y, α 0 the fluece of η fluece of. 2 c = τ η. s the desrablty of state trasto ad β (4 V s a paraeter to cotrol s a paraeter to cotrol the 2676

3 Jgfeg Ya J. Che. Phar. Res., 204, 6(6: Whe all the ats have coputed a soluto, the trals are updated by ( τ ρ τ + τ (5 where ρ s the pherooe evaporato coeffcet? It s set to 0. our experet. 4 Proposed ACO-FCM algorth I ths paper, accordg to the advatages of fuzzy C-eas clusterg ad at coloy optzato, a ACO-FCM algorth s proposed to prove the segetato accuracy of reote sesg age. The flow chart of ACO-FCM s show fgure. Ladsat 7 TM age Prcpal copoet aalyss of orgal age The edge s detered by Cay edge detecto operator Cluster uber ad ceter s detered by ACO FCM s perfored o the processed data Results of segetato Fgure the flow chart of ACO-FCM Ladsat 7 TM age cludes 7 bads,.e. blue, gree, red, ear-frared, d-frared, theral frared ad d-frared bad. The spatal resoluto of Ladsat 7 TM age s 30 eter except the theral frared bad. Thus oly the bads wth 30 eter are cosdered for segetato. The prcpal copoet aalyss s perfored o the ult-spectral age to reduce the bad desos. The frst prcpal copoet whch cotas ore tha 80% forato of the orgal age s used for the followg process. The cay edge detecto s perfored o the frst prcpal copoet. The edge forato s obtaed as the put of at coloy optzato algorth. The uber ad ceter of clusters detered by ACO s tae as the put of fuzzy C-eas clusterg. The fal result of segetato s obtaed by our proposed ACO-FCM. RESULTS The experet s perfored by MATLAB R20b Wdows 7 operato syste. The orgal Ladsat 7 TM age s show fgure 2, whch s show Bad 5, Bad 4 ad Bad 3 Red, Gree ad Blue chael. The sze of test age s 400*400. I fgure 2, the red forato represets vegetato. The cya-blue represets pervous area, cludg roads ad buldgs. The blac forato represets pods. Fro fgure 2, t ca be see that the forato aout s large ad the edge of lad use/covers s blur. It s hard to tell the boudary ad detal of the lad use/covers. 2677

4 Jgfeg Ya J. Che. Phar. Res., 204, 6(6: Fgure 2. Orgal Ladsat TM age show bad 5, bad 4 ad bad 3 (a The result of ACO algorth (b the result of ACO-FCM Fgure 3 The results of proposed ACO-FCM The experetal results are show fgure 3. For fgure 3(a, t ca be see that though the edge could be detected easly fro the tal results of ACO, ay obvous blac pots exst the result age. I fact, the blac pots are the uclassfed pxels ACO. The FCM s perfored o the result of ACO, whch s show fgure 3(b. Fro fgure 3(b, t ca be see that the segeted result s obvous. The pervous area could be detected well. The experetal results show that our proposed ACO-FCM perfors well for the d-spatal resoluto reote sesg ages. CONCLUSION Accordg to the characterstc of d-spatal resoluto reote sesg age, a at coloy optzed fuzzy C-eas clusterg algorth s proposed to obta obvous edge ad segetato result. The experetal results show that the ACO-FCM perfors better tha ACO algorth. The result of ACO-FCM s good for lad cover/use detecto,.e. pervous area, water, etc. However, the qualty of cluster ceters detered by ACO ad the coputato te of FCM s very portat ssues the age segetato. We wll coduct these two ssues out followg wor. 2678

5 Jgfeg Ya J. Che. Phar. Res., 204, 6(6: Acowledgeet Ths wor was supported part by the Foudato of Hea Iportat Scece Research Project uder Grat No , ad Youg Core Teachers of Xuchag Uversty ad the Foudato of Xuchag Scece Research Project uder Grat No REFERENCES [] Dulyaar P ad Ragsaser Y. Fuzzy c-eas clusterg usg spatal forato wth applcato to reote sesg, The 22d Asa Coferece o Reote Sesg,Sgapore, 200, 5-9. [2] J. Fa, M. Ha, ad J. Wag, Patter Recogto, 2009,42(, [3] C.-C. Hug, S. Kular, ad B.-C. Kuo, Selected Topcs Sgal Processg, 20,5(3, [4] W. Ma, L. Jao, M. Gog, ad C. L, Iteratoal Joural of Mache Learg ad Cyberetcs, 203,6(, -9. [5] Shb Xua, Yguag Lu ad Zhsheg You. Joural of Iforato ad Coputatoal Scece, 200, 7(3, [6] M. Dorgo, G. D Caro, ad L. M. Gabardella, Artfcal lfe, 999, 5(2, [7] Y. Ha, ad P. Sh, Neuro-coputg, 2007, 70(4, [8] N. Motazer, M. J. S. Zadeh, ad M. M. Javd, J. Appl. Evro. Bol. Sc, 203, 3(2, [9] Wepg Lu, Tay Cu, Chh-Cheg Hug, ad Shhog Che. Joural of Iforato ad Coputatoal Scece, 203, 0(7, [0] S. L, S. Wag, ad Q. Zhag, The teratoal socety optcs ad photocs, 2006, 5(2, [] M.-E. Lee, S.-H. K, W.-H. Cho, S.-Y. Par ad J.-S. L, Segetato of bra MR ages usg a at coloy optzato algorth, Tawa, 2009,