Unit 3- Latin America Study Guide Answers

Transcription

1 Unit 3- Latin America Study Guide Answers

2 Multiple Choice

3 Why did many indigenous communities in South America develop as isolated groups? T H E Y W E R E S E P A R A T E D B Y T H E N A T U R A L B A R R I E R S C R E A T E D B Y T H E A N D E S.

4 Rapid growth of the El Alto, Bolivia, has resulted in the pollution of L A K E T I T I C A C A.

5 In Central America, more workers are employed in the sector than any other sector of the economy. A G R I C U L T U R A L

6 Who were leaders of the South American wars for independence? S I M Ó N B O L Í V A R A N D J O S É D E S A N M A R T Í N

7 For most of Central America and the Caribbean, being located in the tropics results in H I G H T E M P E R A T U R E S A N D A B U N D A N T R A I N F A L L Y E A R - R O U N D.

8 refers to the combination of factors within a population that reduce the ability of an environment to support the population, thus causing migration or population decline. P O P U L A T I O N P R E S S U R E

9 Panama is a(n) between North America and South America. I S T H M U S

10 What country enacted a law in 2004 that prohibited deforestation in its eastern region? P A R A G U A Y

11 Many small islands in the Caribbean have been used for intensive plantation agriculture for centuries. What problem has this caused today? T H E I S L A N D S A R E S U F F E R I N G F R O M S O I L E R O S I O N.

12 In recent years, the potential wealth to be gained through has caused deforestation and the pollution of waterways in Peru. I L L E G A L M I N I N G

13 What has been the effect of deforestation in the Amazon rain forest? A S L A N D I S C L E A R E D, H A B I T A T S A R E D E S T R O Y E D A N D P L A N T A N D A N I M A L S P E C I E S C O M E T O B E A T R I S K O F E X T I N C T I O N.

14 Mexico s location on the Gulf of Mexico enabled a large industry to develop. F I S H I N G

15 What feature of the Inca Empire made it easier for the Spanish to conquer it? A N E T W O R K O F R O A D S T H A T C O N N E C T E D T H E E M P I R E

16 How can El Niño negatively affect fishing? B Y R E D U C I N G T H E N U M B E R O F S M A L L O R G A N I S M S A T T H E B O T T O M O F T H E F O O D C H A I N

17 How can herding livestock lead to desertification? T H E L I V E S T O C K D A M A G E S P L A N T S B Y E A T I N G T H E M D O W N T O N E A R L Y G R O U N D L E V E L.

18 One criticism of the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) program has been that it E N A B L E S C O M P A N I E S T O B U Y C A R B O N C R E D I T S R A T H E R T H A N R E D U C E P O L L U T I O N.

19 On small Caribbean islands that have been intensively farmed for centuries, has become a serious environmental problem. S O I L E R O S I O N

20 How do favelas contribute to pollution? T H E Y A R E S O U R C E S O F U N T R E A T E D S E W A G E

21 Why do most people in South America live along rivers or near the coasts? B E C A U S E T H E R U G G E D I N T E R I O R O F T H E C O N T I N E N T H A S D I S C O U R A G E D S E T T L E M E N T.

22 . Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) is a program aimed at reducing G R E E N H O U S E G A S E S.

23 The mayor of Mexico City launched programs to reduce pollution in the city by E N C O U R A G I N G M O R E U S E O F B I C Y C L E S.

24 Which of the following accurately describes the Inca? S K I L L E D E N G I N E E R S W H O B U I L T A N E T W O R K O F R O A D S T H R O U G H T H E A N D E S

25 Which vertical climate zone is characterized by frosts in winter and is where potatoes and barley are grown? TIERRA F R Í A

26 Why is Mexico City considered to be a primate city? I T I S T H E L A R G E S T C I T Y A N D T H E P O L I T I C A L, C U L T U R A L, A N D E C O N O M I C C E N T E R O F M E X I C O.

27 What river s basin is home to the world s largest rain forest? T H E A M A Z O N

28 Mexico is also a leading producer, which is used to produce much of Mexico s power supply. P E T R O L E U M

29 What causes Patagonia to be dry, barren, and windy? T H E R A I N S H A D O W E F F E C T C A U S E D B Y T H E A N D E S

30 When intensive agriculture removes too much natural vegetation in the tropical lowlands, the natural can degrade into a baked clay-like form. O X I S O L S

31 When a large urban area such as Mexico City dominates the country s political, cultural, and economic affairs, it is called a P R I M A T E C I T Y

32 Diego Rivera was a Mexican artist who P A I N T E D M U R A L S, O F T E N D E P I C T I N G P O L I T I C A L A N D H I S T O R I C A L T H E M E S.

33 Short Answers

34 Describe one strategy that a South American country has adopted to address a specific environmental problem. A R G E N T I N A H A S S E T V O L U N T A R Y T A R G E T S F O R G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S

35 Explain two ways that shantytowns pose dangers to their residents. S H A N T Y T O W N S A R E D A N G E R O U S B E C A U S E T H E Y A R E O F T E N B U I L T O N S L O P E S P R O N E T O M U D S L I D E S A N D D I S E A S E E P I D E M I C S C A N B R E A K O U T B E C A U S E O F T H E L A C K O F S A N I T A T I O N.

36 What made the Inca a highly advanced civilization? Give specific examples of their accomplishments. T H E I N C A W E R E A H I G H L Y C I V I L I Z E D P E O P L E W H O B U I L T A N E T W O R K O F R O A D S T H R O U G H T H E A N D E S, C O N S T R U C T E D G R E A T B U I L D I N G S O F S T O N E T H A T S T I L L S T A N D T O D A Y, A N D H A D A R E C O R D - K E E P I N G S Y S T E M U S I N G Q U I P U S.

37 What are the push and pull factors that encourage Mexican immigration to the United States? P U L L F A C T O R S I N C L U D E E C O N O M I C O P P O R T U N I T I E S A N D A C C E S S T O B E T T E R E D U C A T I O N A N D H E A L T H C A R E. P U S H F A C T O R S I N C L U D E U N E M P L O Y M E N T A N D L I M I T E D E C O N O M I C O P P O R T U N I T I E S I N M E X I C O.

38 Why was the immediate postcolonial period in South America politically and economically unstable? H E I M M E D I A T E P O S T C O L O N I A L P E R I O D I N S O U T H A M E R I C A P O L I T I C A L L Y A N D E C O N O M I C A L L Y U N S T A B L E B E C A U S E T H E C O U N T R I E S L A C K E D A T R A D I T I O N O F S E L F - G O V E R N M E N T A N D C A U D I L L O S, O R M I L I T A R Y D I C T A T O R S, F R E Q U E N T L Y S E I Z E D P O W E R.

39 Essay Answer

40 Essay Question In the 1990s, an anthropological expedition discovered Juanita, the frozen body of an Inca girl who was killed in a religious ritual. The discovery sparked new interest in the culture of the Inca and their religious practices, which included human sacrifice. The Incas worshipped the high peaks that pierce the South American skies. These rugged summits represented a means of approaching the Sun God, Inti, the center of their religion, and many sacrifices were made atop these cold and unpredictable pinnacles. Mountain deities were seen as lords of the forces of nature who presided over crops and livestock. Liesl Clark, Ice Mummies of the Inca, NOVA, November 24, 1998 Based on the quote and information from the chapter, write a paragraph explaining how the rugged landscape of the Andes shaped Inca culture and beliefs.

41 Possible Answer T H E I N C A W O R S H I P P E D T H E P E A K S O F T H E M I G H T Y A N D E S W H E R E T H E Y C O U L D B E C L O S E R T O T H E S U N G O D. T H E Y P E R F O R M E D R I T U A L I Z E D H U M A N S A C R I F I C E S I N T H E M O U N T A I N S T O P L E A S E T H E M O U N T A I N G O D S W H O C O U L D D E T E R M I N E T H E F A T E O F T H E I R C R O P S A N D L I V E S T O C K.