Physics 114 Exam 1 Spring 2013

Transcription

1 Physics 114 Exam 1 Spring 2013 Name: For grading purposes (do not write here): Question Problem Answer each of the following questions and each of the problems. Points for each question and problem are indicated in red with the amount being spread equally among parts (a,b,c etc). Be sure to show all your work. Use the back of the pages if necessary.

2 Question 1. (10 points) A negatively charged rod is brought close to a small metal ball suspended by a thin thread, but doesn t touch it. (a) What does the sphere do, if anything. (b) What do the charges in sphere do? Now, still without the rod touching the sphere, but while holding the rod close to the sphere, you ground the sphere by touching it. (c) What do charges in the sphere or elsewhere (like from the ground) do at this point. You take away your hand (the connection to ground). (d) What is the net charge of the sphere now (positive, negative, or neutral)? (a) The sphere is attracted to the rod and moves towards it (b) They polarize; the negative charges move away from the rod so that the left side is positive and right side is negative. (c) Negative charges in the sphere flow into the ground. (d) The charge on the sphere is positive.

3 Question 2. (10 points) Consider point A in the figure below located an arbitrary distance from two positive point charges in otherwise empty space. (a) Is it possible for an electric field to exist at point A in empty space? (b) Does charge exist at this point? (c) Does a force exist at this point? (a) Yes. Electric field permeate space. (b) No. It is empty space. (c) No. There is no charge there. There is no force.

4 Question 3. (10 points). Consider the following image. (Take q 1 = 3.00 nc and q 2 = nC.) (a) Find the net electric flux through the cube shown in the figure above. (b) Can you use Gauss's law to find the electric field on the surface of this cube? Explain why or why not. (a) The flux is just the charge inside divided by 0. This is C / C 2 /N-m 2 = 339 N-m 2 /C (b) No. Gauss s law only can be applied in cases of a symmetric charge distribution. In addition, the symmetry of the Gaussian surface should match the field in the sense that you will want the field to be constant over the surface. Here, the field due to q 1 is not constant over the surfaces. In addition, the field due to q 2 also contributes to the field on the surface. If you knew the positions of the charges relative to the cube, you could calculate the field at the surface by integration, but you could not use Gauss law due to a lack of symmetry.

5 Problem 1. (15 points) Three point charges with magnitude given by q = 2 C lie along a circle of radius r= 3 m at angles of 30, 150, and 270 as shown in the figure below. (a) Find the vector resultant electric field at the center of the circle. (b) If a point charge Q = 10 nc is placed at the origin, what would the magnitude of the net force be on that charge be due to the three charges shown in the Figure. (a) This is solved by adding the vector electric fields due to all three charges. It is apparent that the x-component of the field due to the two positive charges cancel each other out and the negative charge creates no electric in the x-direction. Thus, there is only a y- direction of the resultant field. Note that the y-component of the field due to each charge is in the negative direction (downward, imagine a positive test charge at the origin). To do this properly, it could be useful to draw the E field vectors y x Note that the electric field vectors from the positive charges point in directions minus 30 degrees below the positive and negative x-axis. That is the angles are 210 and 330 degrees.

6 k e E= 2 4sin(270) 2sin(210) + 2 sin(330) j N r C = ) j N 3 C j N C (b) To get the force on the charge we just apply E F q. Here q = 10 nc = C. 9 8 Thus, F=( 610 )(110 ) j N = -60 j N

7 Problem2. (15 points) The figure below represents the top view of a cubic gaussian surface in a uniform electric field = 1 N/C oriented parallel to the top and bottom faces of the cube. The field makes an angle θ with side, and the area of each face is A = 2 m 2. (a) If = 0 o (so the field would go straight up in the picture), what would be the flux through side 1? (b) If = 0 o, what would be the flux through side 2? (c) If = 30 o what would be the flux through side 1? (d) If = 30 o what would be the flux through side 2? (e) What is the total flux through the cube (summing over all sides) in both cases ( = 0 o and = 30 o ). Note there are no charges inside the surface. (a) The Flux is given by E. da E. A, where the integral disappears since this is a constant electric field and we have flat surfaces. The vector A points upward in the diagram. Thus we have that the flux is just given by = EA cos() = 1 N/C 2 m 2 cos(0) = 2 N-m 2 /C (b) The vector A points to the right in figure. Thus, = EA cos() = 1 N/C 2 m 2 cos(90) = 0 (c) = EA cos() = 1 N/C 2 m 2 cos(30) = 1.73 N-m 2 /C (d) = EA cos() = 1 N/C 2 m 2 cos(120) = - 1 N-m 2 /C (e) The total flux is zero in both cases Gauss law says that the total flux will be zero if there are no charges inside and there are none.

8 Problem 3. (15 points) A point charge q = 5 mc is placed at the center of a spherical conducting shell of inner radius r 1 = 1 m and r 2 = 2. M that has no net charge on it. Calculate the electric field (a) at r = 0.5 m (b) at r = 1.5 m (c) r = 3 m (d) What is the total charge that is distributed on the inner surface of the spherical shell? (e) What is the total charge that is distributed on the outer surface of the spherical shell [Note that the total net charge on the spherical shell is zero]. r 2 q r 1 (a) Gauss s law states that EdA. qenc / 0. The charge inside here is just q = 5 mc. The field will be radial outward. Thus we have E 4r 2 = q/ 0 E 4 2 = ( )/( ) E = N/C (b) Here E = 0 since we are inside the conductor. (c) This is like part (a) except r is different. E 4r 2 = q/ 0 E 4 2 = ( )/( ) E = N/C (d) Draw a Gaussian surface inside the sphere (in the metal). The flux through that surface is zero as E is zero. Thus, the total charge is zero. Since the point charge is q = 5 mc, the charge on the inner surface must be 5 mc. (e) Since the total, net charge on the conducting shell is 0, there must be + 5 mc on the outer surface.

9 Possibly Useful Information F q q r e = 1.6 X C E k e q 2 4 0r N m /C X ( C / Nm ) E F q EdA. r = xi + yj + zk q enc