Bridge Method. Bridge Method
|
|
- Sydney Bailey
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ridge Method EIE 240 Electrical and Electronic Measurement Class 7, March 13, ridge Method Diode bridge is an arrangement of four or more diodes for AC/DC full-wave rectifier. Component bridge methods are used for measurement of resistance, capacitance, inductance, etc. The network will be balanced when the detector reading becomes zero. Component eing Measured ridge Network Detector 2 1
2 Wheatstone ridge Wheatstone bridge was invented by Samuel Hunter Christie in 1833 and improved and popularized by Sir Charles Wheatstone in DC supply, V s R 1 R 2 Output voltage, V o I 1 V o I 2 A C Sir Charles Wheatstone ( ) R 3 R D 4 + V s 3 Wheatstone ridge (Cont d) When V o = 0 V, the potential at must equal to the potential at D I 1 R 1 = I 2 R 3 I 1 R 2 = I 2 R 4 Hence I 1 R 1 = I 2 R 3 = (I 1 R 2 /R 4 ) R 3 R 1 /R 2 = R 3 /R 4 The balance condition is independent of V s 4 2
3 Wheatstone ridge (Cont d) R 1 is the input resistance to be measured by comparing to accurately known resistors (standard). R 2 and R 4 are known-fixed resistances. R 3 can be adjusted to give the zero potential difference condition. A R 1 Adjust R 3 V o = 0 V G D Wheatstone ridge 5 Wheatstone ridge (Cont d) Change in R 1, change R 3 The precision is about 1 to 1 M. The accuracy is mainly up to the known resistors and the sensitivity of the null detector ( 0.1 to 0.2%). Error comes from changes in resistances of the bridge arms by changes in temperatures or thermoelectric EMF in contacts. 6 3
4 Sensitivity of the ridge If no galvanometer at the output, V A = V s R 1 /(R 1 +R 2 ) V AD =V s R 3 /(R 3 +R 4 ) Thus, V o = V A V AD V o = V s ( R 1 /(R 1 +R 2 ) R 3 /(R 3 +R 4 ) ) The relationship between V o and R 1 is non-linear V o = 0 V when R 1 /R 2 = R 3 /R 4 7 Sensitivity of the ridge (Cont d) Changing R 1 to R 1 + R 1 gives a change of V o to V o + V o V o+ V o=v s s(( ((R 1+ R 1 1) )/((R 1+ R 1 1) )+R 2 2) R 3 /(R 3+R 4 4)) Then (V o + V o ) V o = V s R 1 + R 1 R 3 R 1 + R 1 +R 2 R 3 +R 4 V s R 1 R 3 R 1 +R 2 R 3 +R 4 V o = V s R 1 + R 1 R 1 R 1 + R 1 +R 2 R 1 +R 2 8 4
5 Sensitivity of the ridge (Cont d) If small changes R 1 << R 1 then the sensitivity of Wheatstone bridge can be computed from, V o R 1 V s /(R 1 +R 2 ) V o / R 1 V s /(R 1 +R 2 ) Higher R 1 to be measured, lower sensitivity Amplifier can be used to amplify V o 9 Unbalanced ridge If there is a galvanometer, R g, between the two output terminals, the current I g can be determined by Thévenin equivalent circuit. V th = V o = V s ( R 1 /(R 1 +R 2 ) R 3 /(R 3 +R 4 ) ) Short voltage source, then Thévenin resistance is R 1 //R 2 + R 3 //R 4 R th = R 1 R 2 /(R 1 +R 2 ) + R 3 R 4 /(R 3 +R 4 ) 10 5
6 R 1 A Unbalanced ridge (Cont d) R 2 C G R 3 R 4 D R th I g Rg V th V s For unbalanced bridge, I g = V th / (R th + R g ) and V g = I g R g = V th R g /(R th +R g ) If balanced or V g = 0 V like no movement 11 Slightly Unbalanced ridge If R 2 = R 3 = R 4 = R and R 1 = R+ R V A = V s (R+ R)/(R+ R+R) = V s (R+ R)/(2R+ R) V AD = V s R/(R+R) = V s /2 R+ R V o = V A V AD = V s (R+ R) 1 I 1 A (2R+ R) 2 = V s R/ (4R+2 R) I 2 If R < 5% of R R V o V s R/ 4R D V o + V s R R 12 C 6
7 Slightly Unbalanced ridge (Cont d) For Thévenin s equivalent circuit, V th = V o = V s R/ 4R R th = (R+ R)//R + R//R = R(R+ R)/(2R+ R) + R/2 R/2 +R/2 = R I g = V th / (R th + R g ) V g = I g R g 13 Kelvin Double ridge A modification of Wheatstone bridge for low resistance measurement (R 1 < 1 ) ecause non-perfect wire resistances affect the measurement. r R 1 r R 2 3 r 4 V o R 3 R 4 V s 14 7
8 Using four-terminal resistors (two for voltage supply and 2 for current supply) 15 The yoke r is connected to R 1 and R 2 The relationship between r 3, r 4, R 3 and R 4 R 3 /R 4 = r 3 /r 4 Using the delta-star transformation, the equivalent circuit r a r b R 1 r R 2 c r a = r 3 r /( (r 3 +r 4 +r) r b = r 4 r / (r 3 +r 4 +r) R 3 R
9 Note -Y Transformation R a = R 1 R 2 / (R 1 +R 2 +R 3 ) R b = R 2 R 3 / (R 1 +R 2 +R 3 ) R c = R 1 R 3 / (R 1 +R 2 +R 3 ) C R 1 R 3 C R c A R 2 A R a R b 17 The balance condition is the same as Wheatstone bridge (Null V o = 0 V) (R 1 +r a ) / (R 2 +r b ) = R 3 / R 4 R 1 = R 3 3( (R 2+r b b) )/R 4 r a = R 3 R 2 /R 4 + R 3 r b /R 4 r a = R 3 R 2 /R 4 + R 3 r 4 r/(r 3 +r 4 +r)r 4 r 3 r/(r 3 +r 4 +r) = R 3 R 2 /R 4 + r 4 r(r 3 /R 4 r 3 /r 4 ) / (r 3 +r 4 +r) R 1 = R 3 R 2 /R 4 Therefore R 1 /R 2 = R 3 /R 4 = r 3 /r
10 High Resistance ridge For very high resistance, e.g. 1,000 M, there is leakage currents over the surface of the insulated post. Using three-terminal resistors (parallel with 2 R s2 R s1 leakage resistances) R s1 >>R 3 and R s1 //R 3 to R 3 R 4 R s2 may affect the avoid the leakage effect R 1 R 2 detector sensitivity 19 ridge Compensation The resistance of long leads will be affected by changes in temperaturest To avoid this, 3 leads are required to connect to the coils They are all the same length and resistance 20 10
11 ridge Compensation (Cont d) Any changes in lead resistance will affect all 3 leads equally and occur in 2 arms of bridge and will cancel out. 3 R 1 R 2 1 V o 2 R 3 R 4 V s 21 ridge Controlled Circuits The bridge can be used as an error detector in a control circuit, using the potential difference at the output of the bridge that is sensitive to any physical parameters. Passive circuit elements such as strain gauges, temperature sensitive resistors (thermistors) or photo resistors are used as one arm of Wheatstone bridge. A change in the elements (pressure, heat or light) causes the bridge to be unbalanced
12 References Hotek Technologies, Inc webpage : hotektech com/ Yokogawa webpage: MAGNET LA Wheatstone ridge webpage: a/wheatstonebridge/index.html 23 12
Resistance and Conductance
1 2 1 Resistance and Conductance Resistance, R (Ohm ), is the tendency of a material to impede the flow of electric charges through it. The instantaneous voltage across a resistor is directly proportional
More informationCHAPTER 5. BRIDGES AND THEIR APPLICATION Resistance Measurements. Dr. Wael Salah
CHAPTER 5 BRIDGES AND THEIR APPLICATION Resistance Measurements 1 RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS Conventional Ways of Measuring Resistance:- 1) Using a Ohmmeter Convenient but inaccurate, requires calibration
More informationCHAPTER 5 DC AND AC BRIDGE
5. Introduction HAPTE 5 D AND A BIDGE Bridge circuits, which are instruments for making comparison measurements, are widely used to measure resistance, inductance, capacitance, and impedance. Bridge circuits
More informationBridge Measurement 2.1 INTRODUCTION Advantages of Bridge Circuit
2 Bridge Measurement 2.1 INTRODUCTION Bridges are often used for the precision measurement of component values, like resistance, inductance, capacitance, etc. The simplest form of a bridge circuit consists
More informationCapacitor. Capacitor (Cont d)
1 2 1 Capacitor Capacitor is a passive two-terminal component storing the energy in an electric field charged by the voltage across the dielectric. Fixed Polarized Variable Capacitance is the ratio of
More informationChapter 6: Series-Parallel Circuits
Chapter 6: Series-Parallel Circuits Instructor: Jean-François MILLITHALER http://faculty.uml.edu/jeanfrancois_millithaler/funelec/spring2017 Slide 1 Identifying series-parallel relationships Most practical
More informationSummary Notes ALTERNATING CURRENT AND VOLTAGE
HIGHER CIRCUIT THEORY Wheatstone Bridge Circuit Any method of measuring resistance using an ammeter or voltmeter necessarily involves some error unless the resistances of the meters themselves are taken
More informationPower and Energy Measurement
Power and Energy Measurement EIE 240 Electrical and Electronic Measurement April 24, 2015 1 Work, Energy and Power Work is an activity of force and movement in the direction of force (Joules) Energy is
More informationA free web support in Education. Internal resistance of the battery, r = 3 Ω. Maximum current drawn from the battery = I According to Ohm s law,
Exercises Question 3.1: The storage battery of a car has an emf of 12 V. If the internal resistance of the battery is 0.4Ω, what is the maximum current that can be drawn from the battery? Answer 3.1: Emf
More informationBridge Circuits. DR. GYURCSEK ISTVÁN Classic Electrical Measurements 3
DR. GYURCSEK ISTVÁN Classic Electrical Measurements 3 Bridge Circuits Sources and additional materials (recommended) q I. Gyurcsek: Fundamentals of Electrical Measurements, PTE MIK 2018 (manuscript) q
More informationElectrical Indicating Instruments
Electrical Indicating Instruments EIE 240 Electrical and Electronic Measurement Class 4, February 6, 2015 1 Analogue Meter s Concept Han Oersted, in 1820, noted his finding without any explanation. B N
More informationD C Circuit Analysis and Network Theorems:
UNIT-1 D C Circuit Analysis and Network Theorems: Circuit Concepts: Concepts of network, Active and passive elements, voltage and current sources, source transformation, unilateral and bilateral elements,
More informationResistance Learning Outcomes
Resistance Learning Outcomes Define resistance and give its unit. Solve problems about resistance. State Ohm s Law. HL: Derive the formulas for resistors in series and parallel. Solve problems about resistors
More informationElectronics Resistive Sensors and Bridge Circuits
Electronics Resistive Sensors and Bridge Circuits Wilfrid Laurier University September 27, 2012 Switches in voltage dividers One of the simplest forms of voltage divider is where one of the elements is
More informationResistance Learning Outcomes. Resistance Learning Outcomes. Resistance
Resistance Learning Outcomes Define resistance and give its unit. Solve problems about resistance. State Ohm s Law. HL: Derive the formulas for resistors in series and parallel. Solve problems about resistors
More informationBecause the third wire carries practically no current (due to the voltmeter's extremely high internal resistance), its resistance will not drop any
Strain gauges If a strip of conductive metal is stretched, it will become skinnier and longer, both changes resulting in an increase of electrical resistance end-to-end. Conversely, if a strip of conductive
More informationMAGNETIC EFFECT OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT
OHM S LAW AND KIRCHHOFF S LAW MAGNETIC EFFECT OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT A conductor obeys Ohm s law. Which of the following correctly represents the variation of drift velocity v with applied electric field
More informationcoil of the circuit. [8+8]
Code No: R05310202 Set No. 1 III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2008 ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS (Electrical & Electronic Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions
More informationErrors in Electrical Measurements
1 Errors in Electrical Measurements Systematic error every times you measure e.g. loading or insertion of the measurement instrument Meter error scaling (inaccurate marking), pointer bending, friction,
More informationLOW & HIGH RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS and A.C. BRIDGES
LOW & HIGH RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS and A.C. BRIDGES SECTION D LOW & HIGH RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS: LIMITATIONS OF WHEATSTONE BRIDGE; KELVIN S DOUBLE BRIDGE METHOD, DIFFICULTIES IN HIGH RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS.
More informationDIRECTIONAL COUPLERS
DIRECTIONAL COUPLERS Ing. rvargas@inictel.gob.pe INICTEL Abstract This paper analyzes two types of Directional Couplers. First, magnetic coupling between a transmission line and a secondary circuit is
More informationWhat is a Strain Gauge? Strain Gauge. Schematic View Of Strain Gauge
( ) : 1391-92 92 What is Strain? Strain is the amount of deformation of a body due to an applied force. More specifically, strain (ε) is defined as the fractional change in length. Strain can be positive
More informationCOE. DC. Challenging MCQ questions by The Physics Cafe. Compiled and selected by The Physics Cafe
COE. DC Challenging MCQ questions by The Physics Cafe Compiled and selected by The Physics Cafe 1 battery of internal resistance r and e.m.f. E can supply a current of 6.0 to a resistor R as shown in Fig
More informationModule 3 Electrical Fundamentals
3.1 Electron Theory Structure and distribution of electrical charges within: atoms, molecules, ions, compounds; Molecular structure of conductors, semiconductors and insulators. 3.2 Static Electricity
More informationBiosensors and Instrumentation: Tutorial 2
Biosensors and Instrumentation: Tutorial 2. One of the most straightforward methods of monitoring temperature is to use the thermal variation of a resistor... Suggest a possible problem with the use of
More informationBasics of Network Theory (Part-I)
Basics of Network Theory (PartI). A square waveform as shown in figure is applied across mh ideal inductor. The current through the inductor is a. wave of peak amplitude. V 0 0.5 t (m sec) [Gate 987: Marks]
More informationForce and Displacement Measurement
Force and Displacement Measurement Prof. R.G. Longoria Updated Fall 20 Simple ways to measure a force http://scienceblogs.com/dotphysics/200/02/diy_force_probe.php Example: Key Force/Deflection measure
More informationASSOCIATE DEGREE IN ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY RESIT EXAMINATIONS SEMESTER 2 JUNE 2011
ASSOCIATE DEGREE IN ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY RESIT EXAMINATIONS SEMESTER 2 JUNE 2011 COURSE NAME: PHYSICS 2 CODE: GROUP: ADET 1 DATE: JUNE 29 TIME: 1:00 DURATION: 2 HOUR INSTRUCTIONS: 1. This paper consists
More informationAE60 INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENTS DEC 2013
Q.2 a. Differentiate between the direct and indirect method of measurement. There are two methods of measurement: 1) direct comparison with the standard, and 2) indirect comparison with the standard. Both
More informationGlossary Innovative Measurement Solutions
Glossary GLOSSARY OF TERMS FOR TRANSDUCERS, LOAD CELLS AND WEIGH MODULES This purpose of this document is to provide a comprehensive, alphabetical list of terms and definitions commonly employed in the
More informationExperiment 2-5. Wheatstone Bridge experiment
Experiment 2-5. Wheatstone Bridge experiment Use the Wheatstone Bridge to measure the unknown electrical resistance and learn the structure and principles of the Wheatstone Bridge. In the laboratory, the
More informationINTC 1307 Instrumentation Test Equipment Teaching Unit 6 AC Bridges
IHLAN OLLEGE chool of Engineering & Technology ev. 0 W. lonecker ev. (8/6/0) J. Bradbury INT 307 Instrumentation Test Equipment Teaching Unit 6 A Bridges Unit 6: A Bridges OBJETIVE:. To explain the operation
More informationCharge The most basic quantity in an electric circuit is the electric charge. Charge is an electrical property of the atomic particles of which matter
Basic Concepts of DC Circuits Introduction An electric circuit is an interconnection of electrical elements. Systems of Units 1 Charge The most basic quantity in an electric circuit is the electric charge.
More informationI. MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE
I. MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE Most frequent measurement and control Direct contact: thermometer, Indirect contact: pyrometer (detect generated heat or sensing optical properties) 1. Definition of temperature
More informationQUESTION BANK DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING UNIT I - INTRODUCTION SYLLABUS
QUESTION BANK DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING YEAR/SEM NAME OF THE SUBJECT NAME OF THE FACULTY : II / IV : EE6404 MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION : K.M.S.MUTHUKUMARA RAJAGURU, AP/EEE
More informationELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM, A. C. THEORY AND ELECTRONICS, ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS
UNIT 2: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM, A. C. THEORY AND ELECTRONICS, ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS MODULE 1: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM GENERAL OBJECTIVES On completion of this Module, students should: 1. understand
More informationLecture 5: Using electronics to make measurements
Lecture 5: Using electronics to make measurements As physicists, we re not really interested in electronics for its own sake We want to use it to measure something often, something too small to be directly
More information5. ELECTRIC CURRENTS
5. ELECTRIC CURRENTS TOPIC OUTLINE Section Recommended Time Giancoli Section 5.1 Potential Difference, Current, Resistance 5.2 Electric Circuits 3h 19.1, 19.2 6.2 Electric Field and Force 6.3 Magnetic
More informationChapter 7. Chapter 7
Chapter 7 Combination circuits Most practical circuits have combinations of series and parallel components. You can frequently simplify analysis by combining series and parallel components. An important
More informationStrain Measurement MEASUREMENT EXPERIMENT
Strain Measurement MEASUREMENT EXPERIMENT 1. OBJECT The objective of this experiment is to become familiar with the electric resistance strain gage techniques and utilize such gages for the determination
More informationUnit 3 Transducers. Lecture_3.1 Introduction to Transducers
Unit 3 Transducers Lecture_3.1 Introduction to Transducers Introduction to transducers A transducer is a device that converts one form of energy to other form. It converts the measurand to a usable electrical
More informationChapter 6.2 : A C Bridges for measurement of Capacitances and Inductances. Discipline Course-I
Discipline Course-I Semester-II Paper No: Electricity and Magnetism Lesson: Chapter 6.2 : A C Bridges for measurement of Capacitances and Inductances Lesson Developer: Dr. Narmata Soni College/ Department:
More informationTransducers. EEE355 Industrial Electronics
Transducers EEE355 Industrial Electronics 1 Terminology Transducers convert one form of energy into another Sensors/Actuators are input/output transducers Sensors can be passive (e.g. change in resistance)
More informationMidterms and finals from previous 4 years are now posted on the website (under Exams link). Check the main course website for practice problems
Third WileyPlus homework set is posted Ch. 20: 90 and Ch. 21: 14,38 (Due today at 11:45 pm) Midterms and finals from previous 4 years are now posted on the website (under Exams link). Next week s lab:
More informationOn the axes of Fig. 4.1, carefully sketch a graph to show how the potential difference V across the capacitor varies with time t. Label this graph L.
1 (a) A charged capacitor is connected across the ends of a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor kept at a fixed temperature. The capacitor discharges through the thermistor. The potential
More informationPower and Energy Measurement
Power and Energy Measurement ENE 240 Electrical and Electronic Measurement Class 11, February 4, 2009 werapon.chi@kmutt.ac.th 1 Work, Energy and Power Work is an activity of force and movement in the direction
More informationTRANSFORMERS B O O K P G
TRANSFORMERS B O O K P G. 4 4 4-449 REVIEW The RMS equivalent current is defined as the dc that will provide the same power in the resistor as the ac does on average P average = I 2 RMS R = 1 2 I 0 2 R=
More informationSTRAIN GAUGES YEDITEPE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
STRAIN GAUGES YEDITEPE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 1 YEDITEPE UNIVERSITY ENGINEERING FACULTY MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY 1. Objective: Strain Gauges Know how the change in resistance
More information1 Written and composed by: Prof. Muhammad Ali Malik (M. Phil. Physics), Govt. Degree College, Naushera
CURRENT ELECTRICITY Q # 1. What do you know about electric current? Ans. Electric Current The amount of electric charge that flows through a cross section of a conductor per unit time is known as electric
More informationBook Page cgrahamphysics.com Transformers
Book Page 444-449 Transformers Review The RMS equivalent current is defined as the dc that will provide the same power in the resistor as the ac does on average P average = I 2 RMS R = 1 2 I 0 2 R= V RMS
More informationCOURSE OF Prepared By: MUHAMMAD MOEEN SULTAN Department of Mechanical Engineering UET Lahore, KSK Campus
COURSE OF Active and passive instruments Null-type and deflection-type instruments Analogue and digital instruments In active instruments, the external power source is usually required to produce an output
More informationWork, Energy and Power
1 Work, Energy and Power Work is an activity of force and movement in the direction of force (Joules) Energy is the capacity for doing work (Joules) Power is the rate of using energy (Watt) P = W / t,
More informationExercise 1: Thermocouple Characteristics
The Thermocouple Transducer Fundamentals Exercise 1: Thermocouple Characteristics EXERCISE OBJECTIVE When you have completed this exercise, you will be able to describe and demonstrate the characteristics
More informationINSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING (Autonomous) Dundigal, Hyderabad
INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING (Autonomous) Dundigal, Hyderabad - 500 04 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING Name : Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation Code : A50422 Class : III -
More informationINSTRUMENTATION ECE Fourth Semester. Presented By:- Sumit Grover Lect., Deptt. of ECE
INSTRUMENTATION ECE Fourth Semester Presented By:- Sumit Grover Lect., Deptt. of ECE Detailed Contents Objectives Sensors and transducer Classification of transducers Temperature transducers Resistance
More informationAs light level increases, resistance decreases. As temperature increases, resistance decreases. Voltage across capacitor increases with time LDR
LDR As light level increases, resistance decreases thermistor As temperature increases, resistance decreases capacitor Voltage across capacitor increases with time Potential divider basics: R 1 1. Both
More informationPretest ELEA1831 Module 11 Units 1& 2 Inductance & Capacitance
Pretest ELEA1831 Module 11 Units 1& 2 Inductance & Capacitance 1. What is Faraday s Law? Magnitude of voltage induced in a turn of wire is proportional to the rate of change of flux passing through that
More informationINSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING Dundigal, Hyderabad DEPARTMENT OF ECE QUESTION BANK. : G.Lakshminarayana, Asst.
` INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING Dundigal, Hyderabad - 500 04 DEPARTMENT OF ECE QUESTION BANK Name Code Class Branch P a g e : Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation : A504 : III - B. Tech
More informationLecture 5: Using electronics to make measurements
Lecture 5: Using electronics to make measurements As physicists, we re not really interested in electronics for its own sake We want to use it to measure something often, something too small to be directly
More information14 - CURRENT ELECTRICITY Page 1 ( Answers at the end of all questions )
14 - CURRENT ELECTRICITY Page 1 1 ) In the circuit, the galvanometer G shows zero deflection. If the batteries A and B have negligible internal resistance, the value of the resistor R will be ( a ) 100
More informationADIKAVI NANNAYA UNIVERSITY::RAJAMAHENDRAVARAM II BTech (EIE) I Semester BTEIE301 DIGITAL LOGIC DESIGN MODEL QUESTION PAPER Time:3 hrs. Max.
II BTech (EIE) I Semester BTEIE301 DIGITAL LOGIC DESIGN SECTION-A (4 X 15 = 60 M) 1. a) List out the Basic Theorems and Properties of Boolean Algebra. Justify with the Proof (15M) b) Explain how 1's complement
More informationELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS
EE 326 (RR) Total No. of Questions :09] [Total No. of Pages : 02 III/IV B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATIONS, APRIL/MAY- 2017 Second Semester ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS Time: Three Hours Answer
More informationSE]y[-2017(02)-I ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING. Paper. Please read each of the following instructions carefully before attempting questions.
RoU No. 300218 Candidate should write his/her Roll No. here. Total No. of Questions : 7 No. of Printed Pages : 7 SE]y[-2017(02)-I ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Paper Time : 3 Hours ] [ Total Marks : 300 Instructions
More informationLecture 11 Temperature Sensing. ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design
EE 4900: Fundamentals of Sensor Design Lecture 11 Temperature Sensing 1 Temperature Sensing Q: What are we measuring? A: Temperature 2 SI Units: Celcius ( C), Kelvin (K) British Units: Fahrenheit ( F)
More informationSTEP-UP 2011 Lesson Plan: Capacitance Brian Heglund Etowah High School Advisor: Phil First
STEP-UP 2011 Lesson Plan: Capacitance Brian Heglund Etowah High School Advisor: Phil First Ultra High Vacuum (UHV) at GT can analyze sample surfaces with Leed and Auger. Problem: Can this wire be used
More informationfusion production of elements in stars, 345
I N D E X AC circuits capacitive reactance, 278 circuit frequency, 267 from wall socket, 269 fundamentals of, 267 impedance in general, 283 peak to peak voltage, 268 phase shift in RC circuit, 280-281
More informationSENSORS AND TRANSDUCERS
Electrical Measurements International Program Department of Electrical Engineering UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA ANDRITTO ABDUL GHAFFAR ANDHIKA ADIEL INSANI Lecturer : Ir. Chairul Hudaya, ST, M.Eng., Ph.D., IPM
More informationBasics of Network Theory (Part-I)
Basics of Network Theory (Part-I) 1. One coulomb charge is equal to the charge on (a) 6.24 x 10 18 electrons (b) 6.24 x 10 24 electrons (c) 6.24 x 10 18 atoms (d) none of the above 2. The correct relation
More information+2 Physics Important FIVE marks Questions. English Medium : Volume I. (From - March: 2006 to Oct : 2015)
+2 Physics Important FIVE marks Questions English Medium : Volume I (From - March: 2006 to Oct : 2015) +2 Physics Unit -1 Electrostatics - Five marks questions 1. Write the properties of electric lines
More informationUNIT 2 STRAIN MEASURMENTS, FORCE MEASUREMENTS. Therefore, resistance strain gauges are also known as piezo-resistive gauges.
UNIT 2 STRAIN MEASURMENTS, FORCE MEASUREMENTS STRAIN MEASURMENTS Introduction: When a metal conductor is stretched or compressed, its resistance changes an account of the fact that both length and diameter
More informationThe Strain Gauge. James K Beard, Ph.D. Rowan Hall Auditorium November 2, 2006
The Strain Gauge James K Beard, Ph.D. Rowan Hall Auditorium beard@rowan.edu http://rowan.jkbeard.com November 2, 2006 What is Strain? Strain is elongation or deformation of a solid body due to forces applied
More informationInduction_P1. 1. [1 mark]
Induction_P1 1. [1 mark] Two identical circular coils are placed one below the other so that their planes are both horizontal. The top coil is connected to a cell and a switch. The switch is closed and
More informationELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS LAB MANUAL
ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS LAB MANUAL Prepared by B.SAIDAMMA R13 Regulation Any 10 of the following experiments are to be conducted 1. Calibration and Testing of single phase energy Meter 2. Calibration of
More informationINSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING (Autonomous) Dundigal, Hyderabad
INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING (Autonomous) Dundigal, Hyderabad - 500 043 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING Course Name : Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation Course Code : A50422
More informationphysics for you February 11 Page 68
urrent Electricity Passage 1 4. f the resistance of a 1 m length of a given wire t is observed that good conductors of heat are also is 8.13 10 3 W, and it carried a current 1, the good conductors of electricity.
More informationENGR 2405 Chapter 6. Capacitors And Inductors
ENGR 2405 Chapter 6 Capacitors And Inductors Overview This chapter will introduce two new linear circuit elements: The capacitor The inductor Unlike resistors, these elements do not dissipate energy They
More informationIntroduction to AC Circuits (Capacitors and Inductors)
Introduction to AC Circuits (Capacitors and Inductors) Amin Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Department (EECE) Cairo University elc.n102.eng@gmail.com http://scholar.cu.edu.eg/refky/
More informationSolved Problems. Electric Circuits & Components. 1-1 Write the KVL equation for the circuit shown.
Solved Problems Electric Circuits & Components 1-1 Write the KVL equation for the circuit shown. 1-2 Write the KCL equation for the principal node shown. 1-2A In the DC circuit given in Fig. 1, find (i)
More information1.7 Delta-Star Transformation
S Electronic ircuits D ircuits 8.7 Delta-Star Transformation Fig..(a) shows three resistors R, R and R connected in a closed delta to three terminals, and, their numerical subscripts,, and, being opposite
More informationCHEM*3440. Current Convention. Charge. Potential Energy. Chemical Instrumentation. Rudimentary Electronics. Topic 3
urrent onvention HEM*3440 hemical nstrumentation Topic 3 udimentary Electronics ONENTON: Electrical current flows from a region of positive potential energy to a region of more negative (or less positive)
More informationPhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
Electricity May 02 1. The graphs show the variation with potential difference V of the current I for three circuit elements. PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com When the four lamps are connected as shown in diagram
More informationToday in Physics 217: circuits
Today in Physics 217: circuits! Review of DC circuits: Kirchhoff s rules! Solving equations from Kirchhoff s rules for simple DC circuits 2 December 2002 Physics 217, Fall 2002 1 Lumped circuit elements:
More informationPHYSICS. What is Physics? Scope and excitement; Physics in relation to. science, society and technology; Need for measurement of
PHYSICS Unit : 1 Introduction and Measurement What is Physics? Scope and excitement; Physics in relation to science, society and technology; Need for measurement of physical quantities, units for measurement,
More informationSECTION 3 BASIC AUTOMATIC CONTROLS UNIT 12 BASIC ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
SECTION 3 BASIC AUTOMATIC CONTROLS UNIT 12 BASIC ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM Unit Objectives Describe the structure of an atom. Identify atoms with a positive charge and atoms with a negative charge. Explain
More informationPANDIAN SARASWATHI YADAV ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING EE6404-MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION
PANDIAN SARASWATHI YADAV ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING EE6404-MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION ACADEMIC YEAR: 2015-2016 (EVEN SEMESTER) Branch: EEE QUESTION BANK
More informationElectricity & Magnetism
Electricity & Magnetism D.C. Circuits Marline Kurishingal Note : This chapter includes only D.C. In AS syllabus A.C is not included. Recap... Electrical Circuit Symbols : Draw and interpret circuit diagrams
More informationFig. 1 Fig. 2. Calculate the total capacitance of the capacitors. (i) when connected as in Fig. 1. capacitance =... µf
1. Fig.1 shows two capacitors, A of capacitance 2µF, and B of capacitance 4µF, connected in parallel. Fig. 2 shows them connected in series. A two-way switch S can connect the capacitors either to a d.c.
More informationSol: Semiconductor diode.
48 49 1. What is the resistance value of a resistor of colour code Brown, Black, Red and silver? Sol: Brown-1, Black-0, Red-2, Silver- 10%. Resistance, R = 10 X 10-2 ±10Ω. 2. Mention a non-ohmic device.
More informationUNIT II CURRENT ELECTRICITY
UNIT II CUENT ELECTICITY Weightage : 07 Marks Electric current; flow of electric charges in a metllic conductor, drift velocity, mobility and their relation with electric current. Ohm s law electrical
More informationTemperature Measurements
ME 22.302 Mechanical Lab I Temperature Measurements Dr. Peter Avitabile University of Massachusetts Lowell Temperature - 122601-1 Copyright 2001 A transducer is a device that converts some mechanical quantity
More informationASSOCIATE DEGREE IN ENGINEERING RESIT EXAMINATIONS SEMESTER 1. "Electrical Eng Science"
ASSOCIATE DEGREE IN ENGINEERING RESIT EXAMINATIONS SEMESTER 1 COURSE NAME: "Electrical Eng Science" CODE: GROUP: "[ADET 2]" DATE: December 2010 TIME: DURATION: 9:00 am "Two hours" INSTRUCTIONS: 1. This
More informationDC Circuit Analysis + 1 R 3 = 1 R R 2
DC Circuit Analysis In analyzing circuits, it is generally the current that is of interest. You have seen how Ohm s Law can be used to analyze very simple circuits consisting of an EMF and single resistance.
More informationIndustrial Instrumentation Prof. Alok Barua Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology - Kharagpur
Industrial Instrumentation Prof. Alok Barua Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology - Kharagpur Lecture - 9 Resistance Temperature Detector Welcome to the lesson 9 of Industrial
More informationMAS.836 PROBLEM SET THREE
MAS.836 PROBLEM SET THREE FSR, Strain Gauge, and Piezo Circuits: The purpose of this problem set is to familiarize yourself with the most common forms of pressure and force measurement. The circuits you
More informationMCT151: Introduction to Mechatronics Lecture 10: Sensors & Transduction Mechanisms
Faculty of Engineering MCT151: Introduction to Mechatronics Lecture 10: Sensors & Transduction Mechanisms Slides are borrowed from Dr. Mohamed Elshiekh lectures Types of sensors Sensors are considered
More informationRevision checklist SP10. SP10 Electricity and Circuits. SP10a Electric circuits. SP10b Current and potential difference
Electricity and Circuits a Electric circuits Describe the basic structure of an atom (positions, relative masses and relative charges of protons, neutrons and electrons). Recognise the circuit symbols
More informationSafety Barriers Series 9001, 9002 Standard Applications
Standard s Analog input with transmitter Smart 9001/51-80-091-141 09949E0 Load of transmitter U N = + 0 V... 35 V I N = 3.6 ma... ma R L ( 350 O U min (I N= 0 ma) U N - 9.5 V 14 V U N ( 3.5 V > 3.5 V Maximum
More informationDUBLIN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Kevin Street, Dublin 8.
Question Sheet Page 1 of 5 Instructions for the student: Question 1 is compulsory [40 marks] Attempt any two other questions [30 marks per question] The following must be made available during the examination:
More informationBASIC NETWORK ANALYSIS
SECTION 1 BASIC NETWORK ANALYSIS A. Wayne Galli, Ph.D. Project Engineer Newport News Shipbuilding Series-Parallel dc Network Analysis......................... 1.1 Branch-Current Analysis of a dc Network......................
More informationSECOND ENGINEER REG III/2 MARINE ELECTRO-TECHNOLOGY. 1. Understands the physical construction and characteristics of basic components.
SECOND ENGINEER REG III/ MARINE ELECTRO-TECHNOLOGY LIST OF TOPICS A B C D Electric and Electronic Components Electric Circuit Principles Electromagnetism Electrical Machines The expected learning outcome
More information