Thermodynamics ENGR360-MEP112 LECTURE 7

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Thermodynamics ENGR360-MEP112 LECTURE 7"

Transcription

1 Thermodynamics ENGR360-MEP11 LECTURE 7

2 Thermodynamics ENGR360/MEP11 Objectives: 1. Conservation of mass principle.. Conservation of energy principle applied to control volumes (first law of thermodynamics). 3. Energy balance of common steady-flow devices such as nozzles, diffusers, compressors, turbines, throttling valves, mixing chambers and heat exchangers. of

3 Thermodynamics ENGR360/MEP11 1. CONSERVATION OF MASS Mass and Volume Flow Rates: Mass flow rate, m = ρv n da c m = ρv n A c A c Volume flow rate, V = m ρ = Ac v n da c n: normal unit vector V: Flow velocity V = v n A c V n : normal flow velocity A c : cross sectional area of flow 3 of

4 Thermodynamics ENGR360/MEP11 1. CONSERVATION OF MASS Conservation of Mass Principle: The conservation of mass principle for a control volume can be expressed as: The net mass transfer to or from a control volume during a time interval t is equal to the net change (increase or decrease) in the total mass within the control volume during t. That is, Total mass entering the CV during t Total mass leaving the CV during t = Net change in mass within CV during t In a rate form: m in CS m in CS m out CS = m CV m out CS = dm CV dt 4 of

5 Thermodynamics ENGR360/MEP11 dm CV dt 1. CONSERVATION OF MASS = d ρv CV dt = d dt CV ρdv + Vdρ o The rate of change of the mass within the control volume (CV) is due to the change of its volume dv and the change of the density of the fluid dρ. o dm CV dt density dρ. = 0 if there is no change in volume dv and no change in 5 of

6 Thermodynamics ENGR360/MEP11 1. CONSERVATION OF MASS Mass Balance for Steady-Flow Processes: During a steady-flow process, the total amount of mass contained within a control volume does not change with time (m CV = constant). m in CS = m out CS o For steady-incompressible flow, i.e ρ = constant: V in CS = V out CS 6 of

7 Thermodynamics ENGR360/MEP11. FLOW WORK AND THE ENERGY OF A FLOWING FLUID Unlike closed systems, control volumes involve mass flow across their boundaries, and some work is required to push the mass into or out of the control volume. This work is known as the flow work, or flow energy, and is necessary to maintain a continuous flow through a control volume. W flow = F. L = p. A. L = pv (J) w flow = pv (J/kg) 7 of

8 Thermodynamics ENGR360/MEP11. FLOW WORK AND THE ENERGY OF A FLOWING FLUID For closed system: e = u + ke + pe For open system (control volume): The energy contained in a flowing fluid is θ θ = e + pv = pv + u + ke + pe flow work θ = h + ke + pe Energy Transport by Mass: o Amount of energy transport: E mass = mθ = m h + ke + pe o Rate of energy transport: E mass = mθ = m h + ke + pe 8 of

9 Thermodynamics ENGR360/MEP11 First law of thermodynamics for open-steady flow systems: Q in + 3. ENERGY ANALYSIS OF STEADY-FLOW SYSTEMS W in + CS in Q in + Q in + E in E out = de system dt E in = E out W in + E mass,in = Q out + W out + W in + CS in mθ = m h + v + gz = Zero, for steady-state steady-flow process Q out + Q out + W out + W out + E mass,out CS out mθ CS out m h + v + gz 9 of

10 Thermodynamics ENGR360/MEP11 Special cases: 1. Single stream ( m in = Q in + W in +. Single stream per unit m out = m: m h in + v in + gz in = Q out + W out + m h out + v out + gz out m (single stream per unit mass per unit time): q in + w in + h in + v in + gz in = q out + w out + h out + v out + gz out 3. Single stream per unit m with negligible kinetic and potential energies: q in + w in + h in = q out + w out + h out or 3. ENERGY ANALYSIS OF STEADY-FLOW SYSTEMS q in q out + w in w out = h out h in 10 of

11 Thermodynamics ENGR360/MEP11 Nozzle: Nozzle is a device that increases the velocity of a fluid at the expense of its pressure. Nozzle can be used with compressible or incompressible fluid flow. Energy balance for single stream: Q in + W in + Zero m in h in + v in + gz in = Q out + W out + Zero m out h out + v out Q in Q out = m h h 1 + v + g z z 1 For single stream and neglected change in potential energy: Q in Q out = m h h 1 + v For single stream, neglected change in potential energy and adiabatic nozzle: h h 1 = v 1 v + gz out 11 of

12 Thermodynamics ENGR360/MEP11 Diffuser: Diffuser is a device that increases the pressure of a fluid by slowing it down. Diffuser can be used with compressible or incompressible fluid flow. Energy balance for single stream: Q in + W in + Zero m in h in + v in + gz in = Q out + W out + Zero m out h out + v out Q in Q out = m h h 1 + v + g z z 1 For single stream and neglected change in potential energy: Q in Q out = m h h 1 + v For single stream, neglected change in potential energy and adiabatic diffuser: h h 1 = v 1 v + gz out 1 of

13 Thermodynamics ENGR360/MEP11 Turbine: Turbine is a device that produces power from the fluid. Gas turbine, steam turbine and wind turbine use a compressible fluid flow. Water turbine uses an incompressible fluid flow. Energy balance for single stream fluid flow: Q in + W in + Zero m in h in + v in + gz in = Q out + W out + m out h out + v out Q in Q out W out = m h h 1 + v + g z z 1 For single stream and neglected change in potential energy: Q in Q out W out = m h h 1 + v For single stream, neglected change in potential energy and adiabatic turbine: W out = m h 1 h + v 1 v + gz out 13 of

14 Thermodynamics ENGR360/MEP11 Turbine: Energy balance for single stream-incompressible fluid flow: h = p ρ Q in Q out W out = m p p 1 ρ + v + g z z 1 For single stream and neglected change in potential energy: Q in Q out W out = m p p 1 ρ + v For single stream, neglected change in potential energy and adiabatic turbine: W out = m p 1 p ρ + v 1 v 14 of

15 Thermodynamics ENGR360/MEP11 Q Compressor: Compressor is a device that delivers power to a compressible fluid. Energy balance for single stream-compressible fluid flow: Q in + W in + m in h in + v in + gz in = Q out + W out + m out h out + v out + gz out Zero Q in Q out + W in = m h h 1 + v + g z z 1 For single stream and neglected change in potential energy: Q in Q out + W in = m h h 1 + v For single stream, neglected change in potential energy and adiabatic compressor: W in = m h h 1 + v 15 of

16 Thermodynamics ENGR360/MEP11 Pump: Pump is a device that delivers power to an incompressible fluid. Energy balance for single stream-incompressible fluid flow: Q in + W in + m in h in + v in + gz in = Q out + W out + m out h out + v out Q in Q out + W in = m p Zero p 1 + v + g z ρ z 1 For single stream and neglected change in potential energy: Q in Q out + W in = m p p 1 + v ρ For single stream, neglected change in potential energy and adiabatic pump: W in = m p p 1 + v ρ + gz out 16 of

17 Thermodynamics ENGR360/MEP11 Throttling valve: Throttling valves are any kind of flow-restricting devices that cause a significant pressure drop in the fluid. Throttling valves can be used with compressible or incompressible fluid flow. Energy balance for single stream fluid flow: Q in + W in + m in h in + v in + gz in = Q out + W out + m out h out + v out Zero Zero Q in Q out = m h h 1 + v + g z z 1 For single stream and neglected change in potential energy: Q in Q out = m h h 1 + v For single stream, neglected change in potential energy and adiabatic: h h 1 = v 1 v + gz out 17 of

18 Thermodynamics ENGR360/MEP11 Throttling valve: For single stream, neglected change in potential energy, adiabatic and constant velocity: h = h 1 For single stream, neglected change in potential energy, adiabatic, constant velocity and ideal gas: T = T 1 18 of

19 Thermodynamics ENGR360/MEP11 Mixing chamber: Mixing chamber is a section where the mixing process takes place. Energy balance: Q in + Mass balance: W in + m in h in + v in + gz in = Q out + W out + m out h out + v out + gz out m in = m out For instance, if the mixing chamber has two inlets and one outlet: m 1 + m = m 3 Q in Q out + W in W out = m 3 h 3 + v 3 + gz 3 m 1 h 1 + v 1 + gz 1 For neglected potential and kinetic energy, adiabatic and no work interaction: m 3 h 3 = m 1 h 1 + m h m h + v + gz 19 of

20 Thermodynamics ENGR360/MEP11 Heat exchanger: Heat exchangers are devices where two moving fluid streams exchange heat without mixing. Energy balance: θ in θ out Q in + W in + m in h in + v in + gz in Zero Mass balance: = Q out + W out + m out h out + v out Zero + gz out m in = m out 0 of

21 Thermodynamics ENGR360/MEP11 Heat exchanger: The heat transfer associated with a heat exchanger may be zero or nonzero depending on how the control volume is selected Energy balance: Q in Q out = m B θ + m A θ 4 m B θ 1 m A θ 3 1 of

22 Thermodynamics ENGR360/MEP11 Heat exchanger: For neglected potential and kinetic energy: Q in Q out = m B h + m A h 4 m B h 1 m A h 3 = m A h 4 h 3 Q BA m B h 1 h Q BA For neglected potential and kinetic energy and adiabatic process: m B h + m A h 4 = m B h 1 + m A h 3 m A h 4 h 3 = m B h 1 h = Q BA of

ENT 254: Applied Thermodynamics

ENT 254: Applied Thermodynamics ENT 54: Applied Thermodynamics Mr. Azizul bin Mohamad Mechanical Engineering Program School of Mechatronic Engineering Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) azizul@unimap.edu.my 019-4747351 04-9798679 Chapter

More information

Chapter 5. Mass and Energy Analysis of Control Volumes

Chapter 5. Mass and Energy Analysis of Control Volumes Chapter 5 Mass and Energy Analysis of Control Volumes Conservation Principles for Control volumes The conservation of mass and the conservation of energy principles for open systems (or control volumes)

More information

Week 8. Steady Flow Engineering Devices. GENESYS Laboratory

Week 8. Steady Flow Engineering Devices. GENESYS Laboratory Week 8. Steady Flow Engineering Devices Objectives 1. Solve energy balance problems for common steady-flow devices such as nozzles, compressors, turbines, throttling valves, mixers, heaters, and heat exchangers

More information

1 st Law Analysis of Control Volume (open system) Chapter 6

1 st Law Analysis of Control Volume (open system) Chapter 6 1 st Law Analysis of Control Volume (open system) Chapter 6 In chapter 5, we did 1st law analysis for a control mass (closed system). In this chapter the analysis of the 1st law will be on a control volume

More information

The First Law of Thermodynamics. By: Yidnekachew Messele

The First Law of Thermodynamics. By: Yidnekachew Messele The First Law of Thermodynamics By: Yidnekachew Messele It is the law that relates the various forms of energies for system of different types. It is simply the expression of the conservation of energy

More information

Chapter 5. Mass and Energy Analysis of Control Volumes. by Asst. Prof. Dr.Woranee Paengjuntuek and Asst. Prof. Dr.Worarattana Pattaraprakorn

Chapter 5. Mass and Energy Analysis of Control Volumes. by Asst. Prof. Dr.Woranee Paengjuntuek and Asst. Prof. Dr.Worarattana Pattaraprakorn Chapter 5 Mass and Energy Analysis of Control Volumes by Asst. Prof. Dr.Woranee Paengjuntuek and Asst. Prof. Dr.Worarattana Pattaraprakorn Reference: Cengel, Yunus A. and Michael A. Boles, Thermodynamics:

More information

ME 2322 Thermodynamics I PRE-LECTURE Lesson 23 Complete the items below Name:

ME 2322 Thermodynamics I PRE-LECTURE Lesson 23 Complete the items below Name: Lesson 23 1. (10 pt) Write the equation for the thermal efficiency of a Carnot heat engine below: T η = T 1 L H 2. (10 pt) Can the thermal efficiency of an actual engine ever exceed that of an equivalent

More information

CHAPTER 5 MASS AND ENERGY ANALYSIS OF CONTROL VOLUMES

CHAPTER 5 MASS AND ENERGY ANALYSIS OF CONTROL VOLUMES Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach 8th Edition in SI Units Yunus A. Çengel, Michael A. Boles McGraw-Hill, 2015 CHAPTER 5 MASS AND ENERGY ANALYSIS OF CONTROL VOLUMES Lecture slides by Dr. Fawzi Elfghi

More information

Chapter 5: The First Law of Thermodynamics: Closed Systems

Chapter 5: The First Law of Thermodynamics: Closed Systems Chapter 5: The First Law of Thermodynamics: Closed Systems The first law of thermodynamics can be simply stated as follows: during an interaction between a system and its surroundings, the amount of energy

More information

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics. Chapter 7. KFUPM Housam Binous CHE 303

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics. Chapter 7. KFUPM Housam Binous CHE 303 Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics Chapter 7 1 Thermodynamics of flow is based on mass, energy and entropy balances Fluid mechanics encompasses the above balances and conservation of momentum

More information

first law of ThermodyNamics

first law of ThermodyNamics first law of ThermodyNamics First law of thermodynamics - Principle of conservation of energy - Energy can be neither created nor destroyed Basic statement When any closed system is taken through a cycle,

More information

Applied Thermodynamics for Marine Systems Prof. P. K. Das Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Applied Thermodynamics for Marine Systems Prof. P. K. Das Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Applied Thermodynamics for Marine Systems Prof. P. K. Das Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture No - 03 First Law of Thermodynamics (Open System) Good afternoon,

More information

Where F1 is the force and dl1 is the infinitesimal displacement, but F1 = p1a1

Where F1 is the force and dl1 is the infinitesimal displacement, but F1 = p1a1 In order to force the fluid to flow across the boundary of the system against a pressure p1, work is done on the boundary of the system. The amount of work done is dw = - F1.dl1, Where F1 is the force

More information

Chapter Four fluid flow mass, energy, Bernoulli and momentum

Chapter Four fluid flow mass, energy, Bernoulli and momentum 4-1Conservation of Mass Principle Consider a control volume of arbitrary shape, as shown in Fig (4-1). Figure (4-1): the differential control volume and differential control volume (Total mass entering

More information

THERMODYNAMICS, FLUID AND PLANT PROCESSES. The tutorials are drawn from other subjects so the solutions are identified by the appropriate tutorial.

THERMODYNAMICS, FLUID AND PLANT PROCESSES. The tutorials are drawn from other subjects so the solutions are identified by the appropriate tutorial. THERMODYNAMICS, FLUID AND PLANT PROCESSES The tutorials are drawn from other subjects so the solutions are identified by the appropriate tutorial. THERMODYNAMICS TUTORIAL 2 THERMODYNAMIC PRINCIPLES SAE

More information

Chapter 5: Mass, Bernoulli, and

Chapter 5: Mass, Bernoulli, and and Energy Equations 5-1 Introduction 5-2 Conservation of Mass 5-3 Mechanical Energy 5-4 General Energy Equation 5-5 Energy Analysis of Steady Flows 5-6 The Bernoulli Equation 5-1 Introduction This chapter

More information

Objectives. Conservation of mass principle: Mass Equation The Bernoulli equation Conservation of energy principle: Energy equation

Objectives. Conservation of mass principle: Mass Equation The Bernoulli equation Conservation of energy principle: Energy equation Objectives Conservation of mass principle: Mass Equation The Bernoulli equation Conservation of energy principle: Energy equation Conservation of Mass Conservation of Mass Mass, like energy, is a conserved

More information

ESO201A: Thermodynamics

ESO201A: Thermodynamics ESO201A: Thermodynamics First Semester 2015-2016 Mid-Semester Examination Instructor: Sameer Khandekar Time: 120 mins Marks: 250 Solve sub-parts of a question serially. Question #1 (60 marks): One kmol

More information

2. Describe the second law in terms of adiabatic and reversible processes.

2. Describe the second law in terms of adiabatic and reversible processes. Lecture #3 1 Lecture 3 Objectives: Students will be able to: 1. Describe the first law in terms of heat and work interactions.. Describe the second law in terms of adiabatic and reversible processes. 3.

More information

Chapter 5: Mass, Bernoulli, and Energy Equations

Chapter 5: Mass, Bernoulli, and Energy Equations Chapter 5: Mass, Bernoulli, and Energy Equations Introduction This chapter deals with 3 equations commonly used in fluid mechanics The mass equation is an expression of the conservation of mass principle.

More information

Lecture 44: Review Thermodynamics I

Lecture 44: Review Thermodynamics I ME 00 Thermodynamics I Lecture 44: Review Thermodynamics I Yong Li Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics 800 Dong Chuan Road Shanghai, 0040, P. R. China Email : liyo@sjtu.edu.cn

More information

Isentropic Efficiency in Engineering Thermodynamics

Isentropic Efficiency in Engineering Thermodynamics June 21, 2010 Isentropic Efficiency in Engineering Thermodynamics Introduction This article is a summary of selected parts of chapters 4, 5 and 6 in the textbook by Moran and Shapiro (2008. The intent

More information

Chapter 7. Entropy. by Asst.Prof. Dr.Woranee Paengjuntuek and Asst. Prof. Dr.Worarattana Pattaraprakorn

Chapter 7. Entropy. by Asst.Prof. Dr.Woranee Paengjuntuek and Asst. Prof. Dr.Worarattana Pattaraprakorn Chapter 7 Entropy by Asst.Prof. Dr.Woranee Paengjuntuek and Asst. Prof. Dr.Worarattana Pattaraprakorn Reference: Cengel, Yunus A. and Michael A. Boles, Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, 5th ed.,

More information

Thermodynamics I Spring 1432/1433H (2011/2012H) Saturday, Wednesday 8:00am - 10:00am & Monday 8:00am - 9:00am MEP 261 Class ZA

Thermodynamics I Spring 1432/1433H (2011/2012H) Saturday, Wednesday 8:00am - 10:00am & Monday 8:00am - 9:00am MEP 261 Class ZA Thermodynamics I Spring 1432/1433H (2011/2012H) Saturday, Wednesday 8:00am - 10:00am & Monday 8:00am - 9:00am MEP 261 Class ZA Dr. Walid A. Aissa Associate Professor, Mech. Engg. Dept. Faculty of Engineering

More information

I. (20%) Answer the following True (T) or False (F). If false, explain why for full credit.

I. (20%) Answer the following True (T) or False (F). If false, explain why for full credit. I. (20%) Answer the following True (T) or False (F). If false, explain why for full credit. Both the Kelvin and Fahrenheit scales are absolute temperature scales. Specific volume, v, is an intensive property,

More information

Review of First and Second Law of Thermodynamics

Review of First and Second Law of Thermodynamics Review of First and Second Law of Thermodynamics Reading Problems 4-1 4-4 4-32, 4-36, 4-87, 4-246 5-2 5-4, 5.7 6-1 6-13 6-122, 6-127, 6-130 Definitions SYSTEM: any specified collection of matter under

More information

Thermodynamics ENGR360-MEP112 LECTURE 3

Thermodynamics ENGR360-MEP112 LECTURE 3 Thermodynamics ENGR360-MEP11 LECTURE 3 ENERGY, ENERGY TRANSFER, AND ENERGY ANALYSIS Objectives: 1. Introduce the concept of energy and define its various forms.. Discuss the nature of internal energy.

More information

CHAPTER 7 ENTROPY. Copyright Hany A. Al-Ansary and S. I. Abdel-Khalik (2014) 1

CHAPTER 7 ENTROPY. Copyright Hany A. Al-Ansary and S. I. Abdel-Khalik (2014) 1 CHAPTER 7 ENTROPY S. I. Abdel-Khalik (2014) 1 ENTROPY The Clausius Inequality The Clausius inequality states that for for all cycles, reversible or irreversible, engines or refrigerators: For internally-reversible

More information

Chapter Two. Basic Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics: Definitions of Efficiency. Laith Batarseh

Chapter Two. Basic Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics: Definitions of Efficiency. Laith Batarseh Chapter Two Basic Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics: Definitions of Efficiency Laith Batarseh The equation of continuity Most analyses in this book are limited to one-dimensional steady flows where the velocity

More information

ME Thermodynamics I. Lecture Notes and Example Problems

ME Thermodynamics I. Lecture Notes and Example Problems ME 227.3 Thermodynamics I Lecture Notes and Example Problems James D. Bugg September 2018 Department of Mechanical Engineering Introduction Part I: Lecture Notes This part contains handout versions of

More information

PTT 277/3 APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS SEM 1 (2013/2014)

PTT 277/3 APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS SEM 1 (2013/2014) PTT 77/3 APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS SEM 1 (013/014) 1 Energy can exist in numerous forms: Thermal Mechanical Kinetic Potential Electric Magnetic Chemical Nuclear The total energy of a system on a unit mass:

More information

Previous lecture. Today lecture

Previous lecture. Today lecture Previous lecture ds relations (derive from steady energy balance) Gibb s equations Entropy change in liquid and solid Equations of & v, & P, and P & for steady isentropic process of ideal gas Isentropic

More information

THE FIRST LAW APPLIED TO STEADY FLOW PROCESSES

THE FIRST LAW APPLIED TO STEADY FLOW PROCESSES Chapter 10 THE FIRST LAW APPLIED TO STEADY FLOW PROCESSES It is not the sun to overtake the moon, nor doth the night outstrip theday.theyfloateachinanorbit. The Holy Qur-ān In many engineering applications,

More information

T098. c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) First Law of Thermodynamics ME 201 (2012) 2 / 26

T098. c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) First Law of Thermodynamics ME 201 (2012) 2 / 26 Conservation of Energy for a Closed System Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology (BUET Dhaka-, Bangladesh zahurul@me.buet.ac.bd

More information

Thermodynamics II. Week 9

Thermodynamics II. Week 9 hermodynamics II Week 9 Example Oxygen gas in a piston cylinder at 300K, 00 kpa with volume o. m 3 is compressed in a reversible adiabatic process to a final temperature of 700K. Find the final pressure

More information

5/6/ :41 PM. Chapter 6. Using Entropy. Dr. Mohammad Abuhaiba, PE

5/6/ :41 PM. Chapter 6. Using Entropy. Dr. Mohammad Abuhaiba, PE Chapter 6 Using Entropy 1 2 Chapter Objective Means are introduced for analyzing systems from the 2 nd law perspective as they undergo processes that are not necessarily cycles. Objective: introduce entropy

More information

Dishwasher. Heater. Homework Solutions ME Thermodynamics I Spring HW-1 (25 points)

Dishwasher. Heater. Homework Solutions ME Thermodynamics I Spring HW-1 (25 points) HW-1 (25 points) (a) Given: 1 for writing given, find, EFD, etc., Schematic of a household piping system Find: Identify system and location on the system boundary where the system interacts with the environment

More information

ME 300 Thermodynamics II

ME 300 Thermodynamics II ME 300 Thermodynamics II Prof. S. H. Frankel Fall 2006 ME 300 Thermodynamics II 1 Week 1 Introduction/Motivation Review Unsteady analysis NEW! ME 300 Thermodynamics II 2 Today s Outline Introductions/motivations

More information

Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach Seventh Edition Yunus A. Cengel, Michael A. Boles McGraw-Hill, Chapter 7 ENTROPY

Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach Seventh Edition Yunus A. Cengel, Michael A. Boles McGraw-Hill, Chapter 7 ENTROPY Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach Seventh Edition Yunus A. Cengel, Michael A. Boles McGraw-Hill, 2011 Chapter 7 ENTROPY Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction

More information

Exergy and the Dead State

Exergy and the Dead State EXERGY The energy content of the universe is constant, just as its mass content is. Yet at times of crisis we are bombarded with speeches and articles on how to conserve energy. As engineers, we know that

More information

ENTROPY. Chapter 7. Mehmet Kanoglu. Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, 6 th Edition. Yunus A. Cengel, Michael A. Boles.

ENTROPY. Chapter 7. Mehmet Kanoglu. Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, 6 th Edition. Yunus A. Cengel, Michael A. Boles. Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, 6 th Edition Yunus A. Cengel, Michael A. Boles McGraw-Hill, 2008 Chapter 7 ENTROPY Mehmet Kanoglu Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required

More information

c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Thermodynamic Processes & Efficiency ME 6101 (2017) 2 / 25 T145 = Q + W cv + i h 2 = h (V2 1 V 2 2)

c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Thermodynamic Processes & Efficiency ME 6101 (2017) 2 / 25 T145 = Q + W cv + i h 2 = h (V2 1 V 2 2) Thermodynamic Processes & Isentropic Efficiency Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology (BUET Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh zahurul@me.buet.ac.bd

More information

Introduction to Turbomachinery

Introduction to Turbomachinery 1. Coordinate System Introduction to Turbomachinery Since there are stationary and rotating blades in turbomachines, they tend to form a cylindrical form, represented in three directions; 1. Axial 2. Radial

More information

Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach Seventh Edition in SI Units Yunus A. Cengel, Michael A. Boles McGraw-Hill, 2011.

Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach Seventh Edition in SI Units Yunus A. Cengel, Michael A. Boles McGraw-Hill, 2011. Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach Seventh Edition in SI Units Yunus A. Cengel, Michael A. Boles McGraw-Hill, 2011 Chapter 7 ENTROPY Mehmet Kanoglu University of Gaziantep Copyright The McGraw-Hill

More information

4.1 LAWS OF MECHANICS - Review

4.1 LAWS OF MECHANICS - Review 4.1 LAWS OF MECHANICS - Review Ch4 9 SYSTEM System: Moving Fluid Definitions: System is defined as an arbitrary quantity of mass of fixed identity. Surrounding is everything external to this system. Boundary

More information

ES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems

ES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems ES Fluid and Thermal Systems Lecture : Power Cycles (/4/) Power cycle Road Map of Lecture use Rankine cycle as an example the ideal Rankine cycle representation on a T-s diagram divergence of constant

More information

ME 200 Final Exam December 12, :00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m.

ME 200 Final Exam December 12, :00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m. CIRCLE YOUR LECTURE BELOW: First Name Last Name 7:30 a.m. 8:30 a.m. 10:30 a.m. 1:30 p.m. 3:30 p.m. Mongia Abraham Sojka Bae Naik ME 200 Final Exam December 12, 2011 8:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m. INSTRUCTIONS

More information

ME Thermodynamics I

ME Thermodynamics I Homework - Week 01 HW-01 (25 points) Given: 5 Schematic of the solar cell/solar panel Find: 5 Identify the system and the heat/work interactions associated with it. Show the direction of the interactions.

More information

ME 2322 Thermodynamics I PRE-LECTURE Lesson 23 Complete the items below Name:

ME 2322 Thermodynamics I PRE-LECTURE Lesson 23 Complete the items below Name: Lesson 23 1. (10 pt) Write the equation for the thermal efficiency of a Carnot heat engine below: 1 L H 2. (10 pt) Can the thermal efficiency of an actual engine ever exceed that of an equivalent Carnot

More information

KNOWN: Pressure, temperature, and velocity of steam entering a 1.6-cm-diameter pipe.

KNOWN: Pressure, temperature, and velocity of steam entering a 1.6-cm-diameter pipe. 4.3 Steam enters a.6-cm-diameter pipe at 80 bar and 600 o C with a velocity of 50 m/s. Determine the mass flow rate, in kg/s. KNOWN: Pressure, temperature, and velocity of steam entering a.6-cm-diameter

More information

The exergy of asystemis the maximum useful work possible during a process that brings the system into equilibrium with aheat reservoir. (4.

The exergy of asystemis the maximum useful work possible during a process that brings the system into equilibrium with aheat reservoir. (4. Energy Equation Entropy equation in Chapter 4: control mass approach The second law of thermodynamics Availability (exergy) The exergy of asystemis the maximum useful work possible during a process that

More information

ME 354 THERMODYNAMICS 2 MIDTERM EXAMINATION. Instructor: R. Culham. Name: Student ID Number: Instructions

ME 354 THERMODYNAMICS 2 MIDTERM EXAMINATION. Instructor: R. Culham. Name: Student ID Number: Instructions ME 354 THERMODYNAMICS 2 MIDTERM EXAMINATION February 14, 2011 5:30 pm - 7:30 pm Instructor: R. Culham Name: Student ID Number: Instructions 1. This is a 2 hour, closed-book examination. 2. Answer all questions

More information

CLASS Fourth Units (Second part)

CLASS Fourth Units (Second part) CLASS Fourth Units (Second part) Energy analysis of closed systems Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. MOVING BOUNDARY WORK Moving boundary work (P

More information

Thermal Energy Final Exam Fall 2002

Thermal Energy Final Exam Fall 2002 16.050 Thermal Energy Final Exam Fall 2002 Do all eight problems. All problems count the same. 1. A system undergoes a reversible cycle while exchanging heat with three thermal reservoirs, as shown below.

More information

Lecture 35: Vapor power systems, Rankine cycle

Lecture 35: Vapor power systems, Rankine cycle ME 00 Thermodynamics I Spring 015 Lecture 35: Vapor power systems, Rankine cycle Yong Li Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics 800 Dong Chuan Road Shanghai, 0040, P. R.

More information

CLAUSIUS INEQUALITY. PROOF: In Classroom

CLAUSIUS INEQUALITY. PROOF: In Classroom Chapter 7 ENTROPY CLAUSIUS INEQUALITY PROOF: In Classroom 2 RESULTS OF CLAUSIUS INEQUALITY For internally reversible cycles δq = 0 T int rev For irreversible cycles δq < 0 T irr A quantity whose cyclic

More information

Turbomachinery & Turbulence. Lecture 2: One dimensional thermodynamics.

Turbomachinery & Turbulence. Lecture 2: One dimensional thermodynamics. Turbomachinery & Turbulence. Lecture 2: One dimensional thermodynamics. F. Ravelet Laboratoire DynFluid, Arts et Metiers-ParisTech February 3, 2016 Control volume Global balance equations in open systems

More information

Thermodynamics is the Science of Energy and Entropy

Thermodynamics is the Science of Energy and Entropy Definition of Thermodynamics: Thermodynamics is the Science of Energy and Entropy - Some definitions. - The zeroth law. - Properties of pure substances. - Ideal gas law. - Entropy and the second law. Some

More information

Energy and Energy Balances

Energy and Energy Balances Energy and Energy Balances help us account for the total energy required for a process to run Minimizing wasted energy is crucial in Energy, like mass, is. This is the Components of Total Energy energy

More information

Lesson 6 Review of fundamentals: Fluid flow

Lesson 6 Review of fundamentals: Fluid flow Lesson 6 Review of fundamentals: Fluid flow The specific objective of this lesson is to conduct a brief review of the fundamentals of fluid flow and present: A general equation for conservation of mass

More information

Chapter 6. Using Entropy

Chapter 6. Using Entropy Chapter 6 Using Entropy Learning Outcomes Demonstrate understanding of key concepts related to entropy and the second law... including entropy transfer, entropy production, and the increase in entropy

More information

Today lecture. 1. Entropy change in an isolated system 2. Exergy

Today lecture. 1. Entropy change in an isolated system 2. Exergy Today lecture 1. Entropy change in an isolated system. Exergy - What is exergy? - Reversible Work & Irreversibility - Second-Law Efficiency - Exergy change of a system For a fixed mass For a flow stream

More information

CHAPTER INTRODUCTION AND BASIC PRINCIPLES. (Tutorial). Determine if the following properties of the system are intensive or extensive properties: Property Intensive Extensive Volume Density Conductivity

More information

MASS, MOMENTUM, AND ENERGY EQUATIONS

MASS, MOMENTUM, AND ENERGY EQUATIONS MASS, MOMENTUM, AND ENERGY EQUATIONS This chapter deals with four equations commonly used in fluid mechanics: the mass, Bernoulli, Momentum and energy equations. The mass equation is an expression of the

More information

Chapter 7. Entropy: A Measure of Disorder

Chapter 7. Entropy: A Measure of Disorder Chapter 7 Entropy: A Measure of Disorder Entropy and the Clausius Inequality The second law of thermodynamics leads to the definition of a new property called entropy, a quantitative measure of microscopic

More information

Engineering Thermodynamics

Engineering Thermodynamics David Ng Summer 2017 Contents 1 July 5, 2017 3 1.1 Thermodynamics................................ 3 2 July 7, 2017 3 2.1 Properties.................................... 3 3 July 10, 2017 4 3.1 Systems.....................................

More information

Where does Bernoulli's Equation come from?

Where does Bernoulli's Equation come from? Where does Bernoulli's Equation come from? Introduction By now, you have seen the following equation many times, using it to solve simple fluid problems. P ρ + v + gz = constant (along a streamline) This

More information

Compression and Expansion of Fluids

Compression and Expansion of Fluids CH2303 Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics I Unit V Compression and Expansion of Fluids Dr. M. Subramanian 26-Sep-2011 Associate Professor Department of Chemical Engineering Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College

More information

ME Thermodynamics I

ME Thermodynamics I HW-22 (25 points) Given: 1 A gas power cycle with initial properties as listed on the EFD. The compressor pressure ratio is 25:1 Find: 1 Sketch all the processes on a p-h diagram and calculate the enthalpy,

More information

Unit B-1: List of Subjects

Unit B-1: List of Subjects ES31 Energy Transfer Fundamentals Unit B: The First Law of Thermodynamics ROAD MAP... B-1: The Concept of Energy B-: Work Interactions B-3: First Law of Thermodynamics B-4: Heat Transfer Fundamentals Unit

More information

ECE309 INTRODUCTION TO THERMODYNAMICS & HEAT TRANSFER. 20 June 2005

ECE309 INTRODUCTION TO THERMODYNAMICS & HEAT TRANSFER. 20 June 2005 ECE309 INTRODUCTION TO THERMODYNAMICS & HEAT TRANSFER 20 June 2005 Midterm Examination R. Culham & M. Bahrami This is a 90 minute, closed-book examination. You are permitted to use one 8.5 in. 11 in. crib

More information

piston control surface

piston control surface Lecture Thermodynamics 4 Enthalpy Consider a quasistatic hydrostatic constant pressure (isobaric) process weights piston, p gas Q control surface fi, p gas U -U 1 = Q +W = Q - Ú pdv = Q - p + p fi (U +

More information

Introduction to Engineering thermodynamics 2 nd Edition, Sonntag and Borgnakke. Solution manual

Introduction to Engineering thermodynamics 2 nd Edition, Sonntag and Borgnakke. Solution manual Introduction to Engineering thermodynamics 2 nd Edition, Sonntag and Borgnakke Solution manual Chapter 6 Claus Borgnakke The picture is a false color thermal image of the space shuttle s main engine. The

More information

Turbomachinery. Hasan Ozcan Assistant Professor. Mechanical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Karabuk University

Turbomachinery. Hasan Ozcan Assistant Professor. Mechanical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Karabuk University Turbomachinery Hasan Ozcan Assistant Professor Mechanical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Karabuk University Introduction Hasan Ozcan, Ph.D, (Assistant Professor) B.Sc :Erciyes University,

More information

Two mark questions and answers UNIT I BASIC CONCEPT AND FIRST LAW SVCET

Two mark questions and answers UNIT I BASIC CONCEPT AND FIRST LAW SVCET Two mark questions and answers UNIT I BASIC CONCEPT AND FIRST LAW 1. What do you understand by pure substance? A pure substance is defined as one that is homogeneous and invariable in chemical composition

More information

MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE TIRUCHIRAPALLI-621213. Department: Mechanical Subject Code: ME2202 U N IT - 1 Semester: III Subject Name: ENGG. THERMODYNAMICS 1. 1 kg of gas at 1.1 bar, 27 o C is compressed

More information

Aerodynamics. Basic Aerodynamics. Continuity equation (mass conserved) Some thermodynamics. Energy equation (energy conserved)

Aerodynamics. Basic Aerodynamics. Continuity equation (mass conserved) Some thermodynamics. Energy equation (energy conserved) Flow with no friction (inviscid) Aerodynamics Basic Aerodynamics Continuity equation (mass conserved) Flow with friction (viscous) Momentum equation (F = ma) 1. Euler s equation 2. Bernoulli s equation

More information

where = rate of change of total energy of the system, = rate of heat added to the system, = rate of work done by the system

where = rate of change of total energy of the system, = rate of heat added to the system, = rate of work done by the system The Energy Equation for Control Volumes Recall, the First Law of Thermodynamics: where = rate of change of total energy of the system, = rate of heat added to the system, = rate of work done by the system

More information

Exercise 7 - Fluiddynamic Systems

Exercise 7 - Fluiddynamic Systems Exercise 7 - Fluiddynamic Systems 7.1 Valves The flow of fluids between reservoirs is determined by valves, whose inputs are the pressure up- and downstream, denoted by p in and p out respectively. Here,

More information

Spring_#8. Thermodynamics. Youngsuk Nam

Spring_#8. Thermodynamics. Youngsuk Nam Spring_#8 Thermodynamics Youngsuk Nam ysnam1@khu.ac.krac kr Ch.7: Entropy Apply the second law of thermodynamics to processes. Define a new property called entropy to quantify the secondlaw effects. Establish

More information

Impact of a Jet. Experiment 4. Purpose. Apparatus. Theory. Symmetric Jet

Impact of a Jet. Experiment 4. Purpose. Apparatus. Theory. Symmetric Jet Experiment 4 Impact of a Jet Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to demonstrate and verify the integral momentum equation. The force generated by a jet of water deflected by an impact surface is

More information

MOMENTUM PRINCIPLE. Review: Last time, we derived the Reynolds Transport Theorem: Chapter 6. where B is any extensive property (proportional to mass),

MOMENTUM PRINCIPLE. Review: Last time, we derived the Reynolds Transport Theorem: Chapter 6. where B is any extensive property (proportional to mass), Chapter 6 MOMENTUM PRINCIPLE Review: Last time, we derived the Reynolds Transport Theorem: where B is any extensive property (proportional to mass), and b is the corresponding intensive property (B / m

More information

SYSTEMS VS. CONTROL VOLUMES. Control volume CV (open system): Arbitrary geometric space, surrounded by control surfaces (CS)

SYSTEMS VS. CONTROL VOLUMES. Control volume CV (open system): Arbitrary geometric space, surrounded by control surfaces (CS) SYSTEMS VS. CONTROL VOLUMES System (closed system): Predefined mass m, surrounded by a system boundary Control volume CV (open system): Arbitrary geometric space, surrounded by control surfaces (CS) Many

More information

Lecture 38: Vapor-compression refrigeration systems

Lecture 38: Vapor-compression refrigeration systems ME 200 Termodynamics I Lecture 38: Vapor-compression refrigeration systems Yong Li Sangai Jiao Tong University Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics 800 Dong Cuan Road Sangai, 200240, P. R. Cina Email

More information

First Law of Thermodynamics Closed Systems

First Law of Thermodynamics Closed Systems First Law of Thermodynamics Closed Systems Content The First Law of Thermodynamics Energy Balance Energy Change of a System Mechanisms of Energy Transfer First Law of Thermodynamics in Closed Systems Moving

More information

Chapter 2: Basic Governing Equations

Chapter 2: Basic Governing Equations -1 Reynolds Transport Theorem (RTT) - Continuity Equation -3 The Linear Momentum Equation -4 The First Law of Thermodynamics -5 General Equation in Conservative Form -6 General Equation in Non-Conservative

More information

10 minutes reading time is allowed for this paper.

10 minutes reading time is allowed for this paper. EGT1 ENGINEERING TRIPOS PART IB Tuesday 31 May 2016 2 to 4 Paper 4 THERMOFLUID MECHANICS Answer not more than four questions. Answer not more than two questions from each section. All questions carry the

More information

MAE 11. Homework 8: Solutions 11/30/2018

MAE 11. Homework 8: Solutions 11/30/2018 MAE 11 Homework 8: Solutions 11/30/2018 MAE 11 Fall 2018 HW #8 Due: Friday, November 30 (beginning of class at 12:00p) Requirements:: Include T s diagram for all cycles. Also include p v diagrams for Ch

More information

PART 0 PRELUDE: REVIEW OF "UNIFIED ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS"

PART 0 PRELUDE: REVIEW OF UNIFIED ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS PART 0 PRELUDE: REVIEW OF "UNIFIED ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS" PART 0 - PRELUDE: REVIEW OF UNIFIED ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS [IAW pp -, 3-41 (see IAW for detailed SB&VW references); VN Chapter 1] 01 What

More information

Chapter 1: Basic Definitions, Terminologies and Concepts

Chapter 1: Basic Definitions, Terminologies and Concepts Chapter : Basic Definitions, Terminologies and Concepts ---------------------------------------. UThermodynamics:U It is a basic science that deals with: -. Energy transformation from one form to another..

More information

Entropy balance special forms. Quasiequilibrium (QE) process. QE process is reversible. dt Tk = = +

Entropy balance special forms. Quasiequilibrium (QE) process. QE process is reversible. dt Tk = = + Entropy balance Outline Closed systems Open systems Reversible steady flow wor Minimizing compressor wor Isentropic efficiencies Examples Entropy balance Sin Sout + Sgen = Ssys Entropy balance Entropy

More information

+ m B1 = 1. u A1. u B1. - m B1 = V A. /v A = , u B1 + V B. = 5.5 kg => = V tot. Table B.1.

+ m B1 = 1. u A1. u B1. - m B1 = V A. /v A = , u B1 + V B. = 5.5 kg => = V tot. Table B.1. 5.6 A rigid tank is divided into two rooms by a membrane, both containing water, shown in Fig. P5.6. Room A is at 200 kpa, v = 0.5 m3/kg, VA = m3, and room B contains 3.5 kg at 0.5 MPa, 400 C. The membrane

More information

First Law of Thermodynamics

First Law of Thermodynamics CH2303 Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics I Unit II First Law of Thermodynamics Dr. M. Subramanian 07-July-2011 Associate Professor Department of Chemical Engineering Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College

More information

Applied Thermodynamics for Marine Systems Prof. P. K. Das Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Applied Thermodynamics for Marine Systems Prof. P. K. Das Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Applied Thermodynamics for Marine Systems Prof. P. K. Das Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture 2 First Law of Thermodynamics (Closed System) In the last

More information

Lecture 43: Aircraft Propulsion

Lecture 43: Aircraft Propulsion Lecture 43: Aircraft Propulsion Turbojet Engine: 1 3 4 fuel in air in exhaust gases Diffuser Compressor Combustor Turbine Nozzle 43.1 T Ideal Ccle: w T,s = w C,s s 1 s w T,s w C,s 3 4 s s Processes: 1:

More information

Section 2: Lecture 1 Integral Form of the Conservation Equations for Compressible Flow

Section 2: Lecture 1 Integral Form of the Conservation Equations for Compressible Flow Section 2: Lecture 1 Integral Form of the Conservation Equations for Compressible Flow Anderson: Chapter 2 pp. 41-54 1 Equation of State: Section 1 Review p = R g T " > R g = R u M w - R u = 8314.4126

More information

FINAL EXAM. ME 200 Thermodynamics I, Spring 2013 CIRCLE YOUR LECTURE BELOW:

FINAL EXAM. ME 200 Thermodynamics I, Spring 2013 CIRCLE YOUR LECTURE BELOW: ME 200 Thermodynamics I, Spring 2013 CIRCLE YOUR LECTURE BELOW: Div. 5 7:30 am Div. 2 10:30 am Div. 4 12:30 am Prof. Naik Prof. Braun Prof. Bae Div. 3 2:30 pm Div. 1 4:30 pm Div. 6 4:30 pm Prof. Chen Prof.

More information

Eng Thermodynamics I conservation of mass; 2. conservation of energy (1st Law of Thermodynamics); and 3. the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.

Eng Thermodynamics I conservation of mass; 2. conservation of energy (1st Law of Thermodynamics); and 3. the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics. Eng3901 - Thermodynamics I 1 1 Introduction 1.1 Thermodynamics Thermodynamics is the study of the relationships between heat transfer, work interactions, kinetic and potential energies, and the properties

More information

Conservation of Angular Momentum

Conservation of Angular Momentum 10 March 2017 Conservation of ngular Momentum Lecture 23 In the last class, we discussed about the conservation of angular momentum principle. Using RTT, the angular momentum principle was given as DHo

More information

Angular momentum equation

Angular momentum equation Angular momentum equation For angular momentum equation, B =H O the angular momentum vector about point O which moments are desired. Where β is The Reynolds transport equation can be written as follows:

More information