The Development of Droplet Spray and Evaporation Models at Coventry University
|
|
- Dustin Lawrence
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Development of Droplet Spray and Evaporation Models at Coventry University NWABUEZE EMEKWURU, MANSOUR AL QUIBEISSI, ESSAM ABDELFATAH. Coventry University Presentation at the UK Universities Internal Combustion Engines Group (UnICEG) meeting, Coventry University, September 20,
2 Contents Introduction Spray models Particle-source-in-cell method The discrete droplet method The moments spray model Some test cases The future Conclusions Droplet evaporation models Single Component model Multi-Component models Some test cases The future Conclusions References 2
3 Introduction This is an overview of the work being carried out at Coventry University with regards to the development of fuel spray and droplet evaporation models. 3
4 Spray models Various modeling methods exist that describe the behaviour of gas-liquid two-phase flows of the type where discrete droplets in a carrier gas exist. 4
5 Spray models Any numerical spray model needs to account for the mass, momentum, and energy coupling between the gas and liquid phases as sprays are gas-droplet flows. This is not an insignificant undertaking. 5
6 Motivation For many applications, high fidelity simulation of even moderately dense sprays at relatively low computational costs is still a major challenge. 6
7 Current spray models The bulk of the numerical spray models currently available are based on the particlesource-in-cell (Crowe et al., 1977) and discrete droplet model methods (Dukowicz, 1980). 7
8 Particle-source-in-cell method The particle-source-in-cell method presents the droplet phase as a source of mass, momentum, and energy to the gaseous phase. (Image courtesy of Abdelfatah, 2017) 8
9 Particle-source-in-cell method The droplet trajectories are computed from the integration of the droplet motion equation. Simultaneously, the droplet mass, velocity, and temperature are calculated along the trajectories. 9
10 Particle-source-in-cell method Essentially, the trajectories of the droplets are followed in a gaseous field on a fixed mesh. 10
11 Particle-source-in-cell method The trajectories of the droplets are followed in a gaseous field on a fixed mesh. 11
12 Particle-source-in-cell method But we might require to solve for the trajectories of a lot of droplets. (Image courtesy of Abdelfatah, E., 2017) 12
13 The discrete droplet model Droplets are defined into identical packets. Each computational packet contains a large number of droplets of identical physical properties like droplet size, and velocity. 13
14 The discrete droplet model As in the particle-source-in-cell method, the Lagrangian equations of motion for each packet of droplets are solved, the equations of motion for the carrier gas are solved in an Eulerian scheme, and both phases are coupled by regarding the droplets as sources of mass, momentum, and energy in each grid cell. 14
15 The discrete droplet model 15
16 The discrete droplet model But to represent the chaotic turbulent motion of sprays a large number of droplet packets are needed to produce a smooth representation of the spray. 16
17 The discrete droplet model presents higher fidelity simulation outcomes compared to the particle-source-incell but at increased computational costs. 17
18 The moments spray model The moments spray model captures the polydisperse nature of spray flow without using droplet size classes. 18
19 The moments spray model The stochastic nature of sprays has led some researchers to search for a probabilistic formulation to the problem (Williams, 1962; Lundgren, 1967). 19
20 The moments spray model 20
21 The moments spray model The approach presented here is to describe the moments of a droplet number probability distribution n(r), defined as n( r) r In the model, the first four moments, Q 0 are used. Q 0 is the total number of droplets is the total sum of radii of the droplets Q 1 4πQ 2 4πQ3 3 Q i = 0 is the total surface area of the droplets per unit volume is the total volume of the droplets per unit volume i dr to Q 3 21
22 The moments spray model These parameters contain a lot of information about the spray and are used to build up the fully polydisperse spray model. For instance, since mean droplet diameters are often used to characterize the droplet sizes in a spray, these four moments parameters immediately provide all mean droplet diameters from to, since by definition (Sowa, 1992) D 10 D 32 D p q pq = 2 p q Q Q q p 22
23 The moments spray model For example, the liquid volume fraction can easily be calculated from the fourth moment since V V liquid cell = πq
24 The moments spray model In order to construct Eulerian transport equations for the droplet moments, it is necessary to define the speed at which the moments are to be convected. And the mean speed must be different for each moment as the droplets are travelling at different velocities. This is not a trivial problem! 24
25 The moments spray model This is resolved by using the concept of moment-averaging. For example, the net convection of mass should occur at the mass-average velocity, and the net convection of droplet surface area should occur at the surface-area-average velocity. Thus the mass-average velocity is the correct velocity at which to convect Q 3 and the surface-area-average velocity is the correct velocity at which to convect Q 2 25
26 The moments spray model The moment-average liquid velocity vector, over the ith moment Q i is defined as: U 1, averaged U 1i = 0 r i n( r) U dr Q i 1 26
27 The moments spray model The transport equation for the third moment, a liquid phase continuity equation: Q 3, is effectively t ( ρ ( 1 θ )) + ρ ( 1 θ ) l x j ( ) l U l3 j = Sm Q 3 Here,, has been presented in terms of the liquid volume fraction 1-θ θ = 1 V V liquid cell V V liquid cell = 4πQ3 3 27
28 The moments spray model The equations for the remaining moments take a similar form: t x ( Q ) ( ) i + QU i lij = SQ i j Note the use of the appropriate moment-average velocity. The source term is made up of components derived from sub-models of droplet break-up, droplet collisions, droplet evaporation and changes in droplet velocity. 28
29 The moments spray model Then transport equations are solved for the moment-average values of momentum thus: ( ) ( ) Q ( ( )( ) ku lkj + QkU lkiu lkj + Qk U l3i U lki U l3 j U lkj t x x j U + U l3ibq + U i lki ν x j x The third term on the left hand side presents droplet velocities relative to the mass-averaged velocity. The fourth term is due to droplet breakup. The fifth term includes the other source terms such as droplet evaporation and collisions. The source term represents the effect of the droplet drag. j ( ) lki SQ B i Q = Q i kσ v l SU ki j 29
30 The moments spray model Therefore, The droplet number moments are used to provide a representation of the distribution of the droplet sizes at each space and time, and, The moment-average velocities provide the means by which the distribution of the droplet sizes can change in space and time. Both concepts, combined, present the polydisperse nature of a spray. 30
31 The moments spray model Both concepts, combined, present the polydisperse nature of a spray. 31
32 The moments spray model Three schemes involving all or some the four moment transport equations have been implemented in the model (Emekwuru & Watkins, 2010): 1. The 2 moment scheme which uses transport equations for 2 of the moments, 2. The 3 moment scheme which uses transport equations for 3 of the moments, and 3. The 4 moment scheme which uses transport equations for 4 of the moments. 32
33 The 3-moments spray model The last three moments, Q to Q 1 3 are calculated by solving the transport equations for the moments. 33
34 The 3-moments spray model The first moment, Q 0, is then calculated from a Gamma function, which can be described in terms of a shape parameter k, and a scale parameter x, by the integral: Γ x k 1 ( k) = e x dx 0 The moments of this distribution are given by: Q i = Q 0 0 k α Γ( k) r k 32 r k + i 1 e r α ( r 32 ) dr 34
35 The 3-moments spray model The partial integration of the moments of the distribution equation leads to: Q 0 = ( k + ) kr 32 2 Q 1 35
36 The 3-moments spray model Transport equations are written for the last three moments. The first moment is calculated from a gamma distribution function. The velocities for the transport equations are calculated from moment-average velocities. The spray model is closed by equations for the energy of the liquid phase and gas-phase equations, including a k ε turbulence model. All equations are solved in an Eulerian framework, and discretised using the finite volume approach. 36
37 Some recent test cases 37
38 High-pressure narrow-angle sprays Experimental data (Allocca et al., 1992; Dan et al., 1997) in which spray tip penetration and droplet size data from non-evaporating transient high pressure diesel sprays were collected under different ambient conditions using high speed photography and laser light extinction methods, were also used to test the model. 38
39 High-pressure narrow-angle sprays Computational spray structure (contours for SMR) MPa Pinj, at 0.5 ms (left spray), and 1.0 ms (right spray) after the start of injection. (Emekwuru, 2013). 39
40 High-pressure narrow-angle sprays Comparison of predicted and experimental spray tip penetration (left) and droplet SMR (right) MPa Pinj. [11] Allocca et al., 1992, [13] - Beck & Watkins, 2004, [Case A] - Emekwuru,
41 Vaporizing biodiesel fuel sprays A heat and mass transfer model based on the droplet surface-area-averaged temperature is implemented in the model and applied to evaporating biodiesel fuel sprays (Emekwuru, 2016). 41
42 Vaporizing biodiesel fuel sprays The experimental data is from the work of Park et al. (2009) who injected soybean oil methyl ester (SME) fuel into a high pressure chamber filled with Nitrogen at various ambient pressure values and obtained the spray images using high speed cameras. The biodiesel was heated by heat generated from a boiler. 42
43 Vaporizing biodiesel fuel sprays Emekwuru, 2016 Computational grid used and single hole injector Some physical and inlet properties of the nozzle Injector type Single hole Nozzle Diameter (m) 3x10-4 Nozzle orifice depth/hole diameter (L/D) ratio (see the Figure above right)). Fuel quantity injected (mg)
44 Vaporizing biodiesel fuel sprays Computational grid used and single hole injector Fuel spray liquid tip penetration at different ambient gas temperature values. Pamb = 4 MPa, Pinj = 60 MPa, Tfuel = 300 K. (Emekwuru, 2016). Fuel spray liquid tip penetration increases with ambient temperature 44
45 Vaporizing biodiesel fuel sprays Fuel vapor mass fraction at (A) 3 ms and (B) 9 ms after start of injection. Pamb = 4 MPa, Pinj = 60 MPa, Tfuel = 300 K. (Emekwuru, 2016). Fuel vapor mass fraction indicates regions of high concentration in the spray centreline. 45
46 Vaporizing biodiesel fuel sprays Spray liquid tip penetration at a fuel temperature of 300 K. Pamb = 4 MPa, Pinj = 60 MPa, Tfuel = 300 K. (Emekwuru, 2016). Comparison with experimental data and results from a KIVA- 3V code. 46
47 The moments spray model presents less computational costs compared to the discrete droplet models but at some loss of stability due to the necessity of ensuring that all moments are transported to any given control volume. 47
48 Other test cases are available from literature. 48
49 Current work on the moments spray model. Development of other analytically integrable distribution functions, and comparison with distributions from various atomisers. Assessment of the droplet breakup and collision models for medical spray applications. Application of the models to the latest spray test cases, including ECN spray database. Application to liquid film atomisation cases. 49
50 Future cases for the moments spray model Urea injection system (Image courtesy of Abdelfatah, 2017) 50
51 Fuel droplet evaporation modeling 51
52 Fuel droplet evaporation modeling The estimation of the delay in combustion processes due to the heating and evaporation of fuel droplets is essential for the design and performance of internal combustion engines. 52
53 Fuel droplet evaporation modeling There have been compromises between the accuracy of the fuel droplet evaporation models and their computational costs. The models that are presently being developed seek to considerably increase the accuracy of the models without substantial computational expense. 53
54 Simplified droplet evaporation model Takes into account the effects of temperature gradients inside the droplets (Sazhin., et al. 2007). 54
55 Simplified droplet evaporation model Computationally cheap. The multi-component nature of actual fuel droplets are ignored. The species diffusion during evaporation is ignored. The infinite thermal conductivity is ignored. 55
56 Simplified droplet evaporation model Effective Diffusivity/Effective Thermal Conductivity effects - Recirculation (a) (b) (c) The effect of internal recirculation on temperature distribution inside droplets moving with relative velocities (a) 0.2 m s 1, (b) 1 m s 1 and (c) 3 m s 1. (Duret., et al. 2014). 56
57 Multi-component droplet evaporation model - Discrete Component Model (Every) individual fuel component can be analysed. Includes the effects of species diffusivity and recirculation inside droplets (effective diffusivity (ED) and effective thermal conductivity (ETC)). Finite thermal conductivity is accounted for. 57
58 Discrete Component Model Basic equations The time evolution of species mass fractions at any R is derived from: YY llll = DD eff 2 YY llll RR RR YY llll, where D eff is the effective liquid species diffusivity (D eff = D l χ Y ), taking into account the recirculation inside droplets: χχ YY = tanh log 10 Re dd(ll) Sc ll 30, The solution to the first equation above subject the initial and boundary conditions: YY llll = εε ii + 1 RR exp DD eeeeee λλ 0 RR dd exp DD eeeeee nn=1 2 tt qq iii εε ii QQ 0 sinh λλ 0 RR RR dd + λλ nn RR dd 2 tt qq iiii εε ii QQ nn sin λλ nn RR RR dd Effective Diffusivity (ED) model 58
59 Discrete Component Model Basic equations Evaporation rate for an isolated droplet is assumed as the ambient gas density, DD vv is the binary diffusion coefficient of fuel vapour in air, BB MM = YY vvvv YY vv 1 YY vvvv is the Spalding mass transfer number, YY vvvv & YY vv are the vapour mass fractions near and away from the droplet surface, respectively, YY vvvv = ii YY vvvvvv, mm dd = 2ππRR dd DD vv ρρ gg BB MM Sh iso Sh iso is the Sherwood number for an isolated evaporating droplet,
60 Multi-component droplet evaporation model - Discrete Component Model Comparatively high computational costs. Therefore ideally applicable to situations where a small number of components need to be analysed. 60
61 Multi-component droplet evaporation model - Probabilistic models Probabilistic analysis of large numbers of components. It is assumed that the species inside the droplets mix infinitely or do not mix at all. Examples include the Continuous Thermodynamics model, Distillation Curve model. 61
62 Comparison of the Single Component, Probabilistic and Discrete Component Models Droplet surface temperatures and radii. T s (ME) T s (MI) T s (SI) R d (ME) R d (MI) R d (SI) 26.3% The time evolution of Palm Kernel Methyl Ester (PMK) droplet surface temperatures (T s ) and radii (R d ) predicted by DC (ME), PA(MI), SC(SI) models. (Al Qubeissi, 2015).
63 Multi-component droplet evaporation model - Quasi-discrete model To maintain the advantages of the Discrete Component Model but account for large numbers of fuel droplet components. Without huge computational penalties compared to the Discrete Component Model. 63
64 Quasi-discrete model Assume that the thermodynamic properties of the fuel components in a certain range are close and replace the continuous distribution with a discrete one, consisting of quasi-components. Alkanes C n H 2n+2 (Al Qubeissi., et al. 2017). 64
65 Quasi-discrete model Assumes that diesel and gasoline fuels consist only of n-alkanes. However, the total molar fraction of alkanes is only about 40% of the overall composition of diesel fuels! 65
66 Realistic Diesel fuel composition Diesel Fuel (Gun ko., et al. 2013)
67 Therefore yes you guessed it We need another model! 67
68 Multi-dimensional quasi-discrete model This is similar to the quasi-discrete model. But takes into account the realistic composition of fuel droplets. This is achieved by taking into account the relationship between the fuel droplet components and their molar fraction and not just the distribution function of the droplet components like the quasi-discrete model. (Al Qubeissi, 2015). 68
69 Some recent test cases 69
70 FACE gasoline fuel gasoline Fuel (Al Qubeissi, 2015).
71 Surface temperatures and radii gasoline Fuel 67% 6.6% (Al Qubeissi, 2015)
72 CPU efficiency gasoline Fuel The plot of CPU time, required for calculations of stationary droplet heating and evaporation for Intel Xeon (core duo) E8400, 2 GHz and 3 GB RAM for 1 μs time-step. (Al Qubeissi, 2015).
73 diesel-biodiesel fuel blends
74 Diffusion of species 105 components of WCO/Diesel fuels C/QCs CPU time (Sec) Workstation Specs. Z210, Intel core, 64-bit, 3.10 GHz and 8 GB RAM. The time step = 1 µs. (Al Qubeissi., et al. 2017).
75 Other test cases are available from literature. 75
76 The multi-dimensional quasidiscrete component droplet fuel evaporation model presents considerably less (96%) computational costs compared to the Discrete Component model at a loss of negligible predictive capabilities for the estimation of temperature and radii values for fuel droplet types tested thus far. 76
77 Current work on the multi-dimensional quasi-discrete component model Experimental validation of the MDQD model. Application to fuel mixtures. Assessment of the impacts of fuel blends and compositions on their surrogates formulation and ignition. Implementation in ANSYS-Fluent and Converge-CFD commercial codes. 77
78 References Abdelfatah, E., Private Communication (2017). Allocca, L., et al., SAE Technical Paper (1992). Al Qubeissi, M., et al., ILASS Europe (2017). Al Qubeissi, M., WiSA Publishers, Stuttgart (2015). Beck, J.C., and Watkins, A.P., Int. J. of Eng. Research. 15(1): 1-21 (2004). Crowe, C.T., et al., Trans. ASME J. Fluids Eng. 99(2): (1977). Dan, T., et al., SAE Technical Paper (1997). Duret, B., et al., ILASS Europe (2014). Dukowicz, J.K., J. Comp. Phys. 35(2): (1980). Emekwuru, N.G.., SAE Technical Paper (2016). Emekwuru, N.G., SAE Technical Paper (2013). Emekwuru, N.G., and Watkins, A.P., Atomization and Sprays 20(8): (2010). Gun ko, V.M., et al., Fluid Phase Equilibria (356): (2013). Lundgren, T.S., Phys. Fluids 10: (1967). Park, S.H., et al., Int. J. of Heat And Fluid Flow 30(5): (2009). Sazhin, S.S., et al., Proc. Euro. Comb. Meeting. (2007). Sowa, W.A., Atomization and Sprays 2(1):1-15 (1992). Williams, F.A., Eight Symposium (International) on Combustion 8(1): (1961). 78
The effect of momentum flux ratio and turbulence model on the numerical prediction of atomization characteristics of air assisted liquid jets
ILASS Americas, 26 th Annual Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Portland, OR, May 204 The effect of momentum flux ratio and turbulence model on the numerical prediction of atomization
More informationTRAJECTORY BASED DROPLET COLLISION MODEL FOR SPRAY MODELING
TRAJECTORY BASED DROPLET COLLISION MODEL FOR SPRAY MODELING Ö. O. TAŞKIRAN a,* and M. ERGENEMAN b a Domestic Research Division, Inventory Control Center, Golcuk, Kocaeli b Automotive Division, Faculty
More informationTopics in Other Lectures Droplet Groups and Array Instability of Injected Liquid Liquid Fuel-Films
Lecture Topics Transient Droplet Vaporization Convective Vaporization Liquid Circulation Transcritical Thermodynamics Droplet Drag and Motion Spray Computations Turbulence Effects Topics in Other Lectures
More informationJET AND DROPLET BREAKUP MODELLING APPROACHES
Journal of KONES Powertrain and Transport, Vol. 22, No. 3 2015 JET AND DROPLET BREAKUP MODELLING APPROACHES Łukasz Jan Kapusta, Piotr Jaworski Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Heat Engineering
More informationTransported PDF Calculations of Combustion in Compression- Ignition Engines
International Multidimensional Engine Modeling User s Group Meeting at the SAE Congress Detroit, MI 15 April 2013 Transported PDF Calculations of Combustion in Compression- Ignition Engines V. Raj Mohan
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF A NUMERICAL APPROACH FOR SIMULATION OF SAND BLOWING AND CORE FORMATION
TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society), DEVELOPMENT OF A NUMERICAL APPROACH FOR SIMULATION OF SAND BLOWING AND CORE FORMATION G.F. Yao, C. W. Hirt, and
More informationINTERNAL FLOW IN A Y-JET ATOMISER ---NUMERICAL MODELLING---
ILASS-Europe 2002 Zaragoza 9 11 September 2002 INTERNAL FLOW IN A Y-JET ATOMISER ---NUMERICAL MODELLING--- Z. Tapia, A. Chávez e-mail: ztapia@imp.mx Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo Blvd. Adolfo Ruiz Cortines
More informationCombustion MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR TRANSIENT. S. M. Frolov Λ,F.S.Frolov Λ, and B. Basara y
Combustion MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR TRANSIENT DROPLET VAPORIZATION S. M. Frolov Λ,F.S.Frolov Λ, and B. Basara y Λ N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia y
More informationModelling of heating, evaporation and ignition of fuel droplets: combined analytical, asymptotic and numerical analysis
Journal of Physics: Conference Series Modelling of heating, evaporation and ignition of fuel droplets: combined analytical, asymptotic and numerical analysis To cite this article: S Sazhin 2005 J. Phys.:
More informationA Simple Continuous Mixture Droplet Evaporation Model with Multiple Distribution Functions
Introduction A Simple Continuous Mixture Droplet Evaporation Model with Multiple Distribution Functions William Hallett and Claire Grimwood Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa,
More informationA multi-dimensional quasi-discrete model for the analysis of Diesel fuel droplet heating and evaporation
A multi-dimensional quasi-discrete model for the analysis of Diesel fuel droplet heating and evaporation Sazhin, S. S., Al Qubeissi, M., Nasiri, R., Gunko, V. M., Elwardany, A. E., Lemoine, F., Grisch,
More informationOMICS Journals are welcoming Submissions
OMICS Journals are welcoming Submissions OMICS International welcomes submissions that are original and technically so as to serve both the developing world and developed countries in the best possible
More informationUrbana-Champaign, USA. Tsinghua University, China; and
ICLASS 2012, 12 th Triennial International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Heidelberg, Germany, September 2-6, 2012 Finite Diffusion Multi-Components Fuel Droplet Vaporization Modeling
More informationDispersed Multiphase Flow Modeling using Lagrange Particle Tracking Methods Dr. Markus Braun Ansys Germany GmbH
Dispersed Multiphase Flow Modeling using Lagrange Particle Tracking Methods Dr. Markus Braun Ansys Germany GmbH 2011 ANSYS, Inc., Markus Braun 1 Overview The Euler/Lagrange concept Breaking the barrier
More informationMathematical Modelling of Heating and Evaporation of a Spheroidal Droplet
ILASS Europe 2016, 27th Annual Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, 4-7 September 2016, Brighton, UK Mathematical Modelling of Heating and Evaporation of a Spheroidal Droplet Vladimir Zubkov
More informationNumerical Investigation of Ignition Delay in Methane-Air Mixtures using Conditional Moment Closure
21 st ICDERS July 23-27, 27 Poitiers, France Numerical Investigation of Ignition Delay in Methane-Air Mixtures using Conditional Moment Closure Ahmad S. El Sayed, Cécile B. Devaud Department of Mechanical
More informationLecture 9 Laminar Diffusion Flame Configurations
Lecture 9 Laminar Diffusion Flame Configurations 9.-1 Different Flame Geometries and Single Droplet Burning Solutions for the velocities and the mixture fraction fields for some typical laminar flame configurations.
More informationCST Investigation on High Speed Liquid Jet using Computational Fluid Dynamics Technique
The 23 rd Conference of the Mechanical Engineering Network of Thailand November 4 7, 2009, Chiang Mai Investigation on High Speed Liquid Jet using Computational Fluid Dynamics Technique Wirapan Seehanam*,
More informationEntrained Air around a High Pressure Flat Jet Water Spray
ILASS Americas, 25 th Annual Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Pittsburgh, PA, May 2013 Entrained Air around a High Pressure Flat Jet Water Spray A.J.Abbas*, G.G.Nasr, M.L.Burby and A.Nourian
More information3D spray simulation using advanced intra-droplet and interface modeling
3D spray simulation using advanced intra-droplet and interface modeling TU Darmstadt Mechanical Engineering Simulation of reactive Thermo-Fluid Systems Andrea Pati, Christian Hasse Agenda Introduction
More informationModeling of Humidification in Comsol Multiphysics 4.4
Modeling of Humidification in Comsol Multiphysics 4.4 Indrajit Wadgaonkar *1 and Suresh Arikapudi 1 1 Tata Motors Ltd. Pimpri, Pune, India, 411018. *Corresponding author: Indrajit Wadgaonkar, Tata Motors
More informationOverview of Turbulent Reacting Flows
Overview of Turbulent Reacting Flows Outline Various Applications Overview of available reacting flow models LES Latest additions Example Cases Summary Reacting Flows Applications in STAR-CCM+ Ever-Expanding
More information1D-3D COUPLED SIMULATION OF THE FUEL INJECTION INSIDE A HIGH PERFORMANCE ENGINE FOR MOTORSPORT APPLICATION: SPRAY TARGETING AND INJECTION TIMING
1D-3D COUPLED SIMULATION OF THE FUEL INJECTION INSIDE A HIGH PERFORMANCE ENGINE FOR MOTORSPORT APPLICATION: SPRAY TARGETING AND INJECTION TIMING M. Fiocco, D. Borghesi- Mahindra Racing S.P.A. Outline Introduction
More informationCFD 를활용한우레아수용액의분무및증발특성에관한연구
CFD 를활용한우레아수용액의분무및증발특성에관한연구 Wonse Choi AVL Korea Co. Limited CONTENT Motivation SCR Modeling Approach Simulation Modeling and Results Urea Thermolysis Urea Hydrolysis Conclusion Future Plan Wonse Choi
More informationLecture 12. Droplet Combustion Spray Modeling. Moshe Matalon
Lecture 12 Droplet Combustion Spray Modeling Spray combustion: Many practical applications liquid fuel is injected into the combustion chamber resulting in fuel spray. Spray combustion involves many physical
More informationPDA Measurements of Single Point Injection in Cross-flow
PDA Measurements of Single Point Injection in Cross-flow by M.J. Melo, J.M.M. Sousa and M. Costa Instituto Superior Técnico, Mechanical Engineering Department Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
More informationNumerical Simulation of Unsteady Nozzle Flow and Spray Formation under Diesel Engine Conditions
Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Nozzle Flow and Spray Formation under Diesel Engine Conditions Mikhail Konstantinov * & Claus Wagner German Aerospace Center (DLR) Institute for Aerodynamics and Flow Technology
More informationAN INVESTIGATION OF THE MESH DEPENDENCE OF THE STOCHASTIC DISCRETE DROPLET MODEL APPLIED TO DENSE LIQUID SPRAYS. Simone E.
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE MESH DEPENDENCE OF THE STOCHASTIC DISCRETE DROPLET MODEL APPLIED TO DENSE LIQUID SPRAYS By Simone E. Hieber A THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
More informationMixing and Evaporation of Liquid Droplets Injected into an Air Stream Flowing at all Speeds
Mixing and Evaporation of Liquid Droplets Injected into an Air Stream Flowing at all Speeds F. Moukalled* and M. Darwish American University of Beirut Faculty of Engineering & Architecture Mechanical Engineering
More informationTHE BEHAVIOUR OF THE EXHAUST GASES EVICTED FROM THE SHIP FUNNEL
THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE EXHAUST GASES EVICTED FROM THE SHIP FUNNEL PREPARED BY: Yaşar GUL M.Sc. Naval Architect Delta Marine Engineering Co. Ergin ESIRGEMEZ B.Sc. Aeronautical Eng. Delta Marine Engineering
More informationNumerical Modeling of Sampling Airborne Radioactive Particles Methods from the Stacks of Nuclear Facilities in Compliance with ISO 2889
Numerical Modeling of Sampling Airborne Radioactive Particles Methods from the Stacks of Nuclear Facilities in Compliance with ISO 2889 Author P. Geraldini Sogin Spa Via Torino 6, 00184 Rome Italy, geraldini@sogin.it
More informationSpray evaporation model sensitivities
Center for Turbulence Research Annual Research Briefs 20 23 Spray evaporation model sensitivities By Shashank, E. Knudsen AND H. Pitsch. Motivation and objective The energy density of solid- and liquid-phase
More informationMULTIPHASE FLOW MODELLING
MULTIPHASE FLOW MODELLING 1 Introduction 2 Outline Multiphase Flow Modeling Discrete phase model Eulerian model Mixture model Volume-of-fluid model Reacting Flow Modeling Eddy dissipation model Non-premixed,
More informationMultiphase Flows. Mohammed Azhar Phil Stopford
Multiphase Flows Mohammed Azhar Phil Stopford 1 Outline VOF Model VOF Coupled Solver Free surface flow applications Eulerian Model DQMOM Boiling Model enhancements Multi-fluid flow applications Coupled
More informationDetailed Chemical Kinetics in Multidimensional CFD Using Storage/Retrieval Algorithms
13 th International Multidimensional Engine Modeling User's Group Meeting, Detroit, MI (2 March 23) Detailed Chemical Kinetics in Multidimensional CFD Using Storage/Retrieval Algorithms D.C. Haworth, L.
More informationFuel and Air Flow in the Cylinder
Chapter 6 Fuel and Air Flow in the Cylinder 6.1) A four cylinder four stroke 3.0 L port-injected spark ignition engine is running at 00 rpm on a stoichiometric mix of octane and standard air at 100 kpa
More informationNumerical Simulation of Gas-Liquid-Reactors with Bubbly Flows using a Hybrid Multiphase-CFD Approach
Numerical Simulation of Gas-Liquid-Reactors with Bubbly Flows using a Hybrid Multiphase-CFD Approach TFM Hybrid Interface Resolving Two-Fluid Model (HIRES-TFM) by Coupling of the Volume-of-Fluid (VOF)
More informationUrea Injection and Preparation in Diesel Applications Multiphase Multicomponent Modeling using Star-CD
, London Urea Injection and Preparation in Diesel Applications Multiphase Multicomponent Modeling using Star-CD Institute for Powertrains & Automotive Technology Dipl.-Phys. Simon Fischer Dr. Thomas Lauer
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF CFD MODEL FOR A SWIRL STABILIZED SPRAY COMBUSTOR
DRAFT Proceedings of ASME IMECE: International Mechanical Engineering Conference & Exposition Chicago, Illinois Nov. 5-10, 2006 IMECE2006-14867 DEVELOPMENT OF CFD MODEL FOR A SWIRL STABILIZED SPRAY COMBUSTOR
More informationModeling of dispersed phase by Lagrangian approach in Fluent
Lappeenranta University of Technology From the SelectedWorks of Kari Myöhänen 2008 Modeling of dispersed phase by Lagrangian approach in Fluent Kari Myöhänen Available at: https://works.bepress.com/kari_myohanen/5/
More informationNumerical modelling of liquid jets atomisation due to leakage of liquefied gas storage. Saint-Etienne-du-Rouvray Cedex, France
ICLASS 2012, 12 th Triennial International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Heidelberg, Germany, September 2-6, 2012 Numerical modelling of liquid jets atomisation due to leaage of liquefied
More informationA high resolution collision algorithm for anisotropic particle populations
A high resolution collision algorithm for anisotropic particle populations Philipp Pischke 1 and Reinhold Kneer1 1 Institute of Heat and Mass Transfer, RWTH Aachen University July 2014 Collision algorithm,
More informationDES Simulation of Asymmetrical Flow in a High Pressure Diesel Injector
DES Simulation of Asymmetrical Flow in a High Pressure Diesel Injector Russell Prater 1 Yongsheng Lian 2 Mechanical Engineering Department University of Louisville, Louisville KY 40292 Abstract Delayed
More informationCFD-Modeling of Boiling Processes
CFD-Modeling of Boiling Processes 1 C. Lifante 1, T. Frank 1, A. Burns 2, E. Krepper 3, R. Rzehak 3 conxita.lifante@ansys.com 1 ANSYS Germany, 2 ANSYS UK, 3 HZDR Outline Introduction Motivation Mathematical
More informationComputer Fluid Dynamics E181107
Computer Fluid Dynamics E181107 2181106 Combustion, multiphase flows Remark: foils with black background could be skipped, they are aimed to the more advanced courses Rudolf Žitný, Ústav procesní a zpracovatelské
More informationDocument downloaded from:
Document downloaded from: http://hdl.handle.net/10251/60021 This paper must be cited as: Molina, S.; Salvador Rubio, FJ.; Carreres Talens, M.; Jaramillo, D. (2014). A computational investigation on the
More informationCFD modelling of multiphase flows
1 Lecture CFD-3 CFD modelling of multiphase flows Simon Lo CD-adapco Trident House, Basil Hill Road Didcot, OX11 7HJ, UK simon.lo@cd-adapco.com 2 VOF Free surface flows LMP Droplet flows Liquid film DEM
More informationEulerian Two-Phase Flow CFD Simulation Using a Compressible and Equilibrium Eight- Equation Model. Y. Wang 1 and R. D. Reitz
ILASS Americas 27th Annual Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Raleigh, NC, May 2015 Eulerian Two-Phase Flow CFD Simulation Using a Compressible and Equilibrium Eight- Equation Model Y.
More informationSimulating the effect of in-nozzle cavitation on liquid atomisation using a three-phase model
Simulating the effect of in-nozzle cavitation on liquid atomisation using a three-phase model M.G. Mithun*,1, P. Koukouvnis 1, I. K. Karathanassis 1, M. Gavaises 1 1 City, University of London, UK Abstract
More informationModeling the influence of the nozzle flow on diesel spray atomization under high pressure injection conditions
Modeling the influence of the nozzle flow on diesel spray atomization under high pressure injection conditions J. O. Soriano 1*, M. Sommerfeld, A. Burkhardt 1 and U. Leuteritz 1 1 Siemens VDO Automotive,
More informationDroplet behaviour in a Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube
Journal of Physics: Conference Series Droplet behaviour in a Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube To cite this article: R Liew et al 2 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 38 523 View the article online for updates and enhancements.
More informationLarge Eddy Simulation of High Gas Density Effects in Fuel Sprays
Large Eddy Simulation of High Gas Density Effects in Fuel Sprays Kaario, O. 1,*, Vuorinen, V. 1, Hulkkonen, T. 1, Keskinen, K. 1, Nuutinen, M. 1, Larmi, M. 1, and Tanner, F.X. 2 1 Aalto University School
More information5. SPRAY/WALL IMPINGEMENT
5. SPRAY/WALL IMPINGEMENT 5.1 Wall Interaction Regimes Wachters and Westerling (1966), Akao et al. (1980), Senda et al. (1994) and Nagaoka et al. (1994) describe in detail the phenomena observed when drops
More informationINTER-COMPARISON AND VALIDATION OF RANS AND LES COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES FOR ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION AROUND A CUBIC OBSTACLE. Resources, Kozani, Greece
INTER-COMPARISON AND VALIDATION OF AND LES COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES FOR ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION AROUND A CUBIC OBSTACLE S. Andronopoulos 1, D.G.E. Grigoriadis 1, I. Mavroidis 2, R.F. Griffiths 3 and J.G.
More informationLASER BASED DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM FOR SPRAY MEASUREMENTS
Journal of KONES Powertrain and Transport, Vol. 22, No. 3 2015 LASER BASED DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM FOR SPRAY MEASUREMENTS Łukasz Jan Kapusta, Piotr Jaworski, Andrzej Teodorczyk Warsaw University of Technology,
More informationMODELLING PARTICLE DEPOSITION ON GAS TURBINE BLADE SURFACES
MODELLING PARTICLE DEPOSITION ON GAS TURBINE BLADE SURFACES MS. Hesham El-Batsh Institute of Thermal Turbomachines and Power Plants Vienna University of Technology Getreidemarkt 9/313, A-1060 Wien Tel:
More informationFuel Droplet Evaporation Modeling using Continuous Thermodynamics Method with Multi-Distribution Functions
International Multidimensional Engine Modeling User s Group Meeting at the SAE Congress, April 23, 2012, Detroit, MI Fuel Droplet Evaporation Modeling using Continuous Thermodynamics Method with Multi-Distribution
More informationFluorescence tracer technique for simultaneous temperature and equivalence ratio measurements in Diesel jets
Renewable energies Eco-friendly production Innovative transport Eco-efficient processes Sustainable resources Fluorescence tracer technique for simultaneous temperature and equivalence ratio measurements
More informationDNS of droplet evaporation and combustion in a swirling combustor
Center for Turbulence Research Annual Research Briefs 28 DNS of droplet evaporation and combustion in a swirling combustor By K. Luo, O. Desjardins AND H. Pitsch. Motivation and objective Turbulent multi-phase
More informationReciprocating Internal Combustion Engines
Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines Prof. Rolf D. Reitz, Engine Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison 212 Princeton-CEFRC Summer Program on Combustion Course Length: 9 hrs (Wed., Thur.,
More informationEFFECT OF THE FLOW OF LARGE WATER DROPLETS
10.1515/jbe-2014-0008 EFFECT OF THE FLOW OF LARGE WATER DROPLETS ON THE WATER MIST SPRAYS László Beda 1 and Csaba Szikra 2 1 Institute of Disaster Management and Fire Protection Engineering, Szent István
More informationComputational Study of Sprays for the Development of a Monte Carlo Model
38th Dayton-Cincinnati Aerospace Sciences Symposium Computational Study of Sprays for the Development of a Monte Carlo Model Presenter: Murat Dinc West Virginia University Donald D. Gray West Virginia
More informationPairwise Interaction Extended Point-Particle (PIEP) Model for droplet-laden flows: Towards application to the mid-field of a spray
Pairwise Interaction Extended Point-Particle (PIEP) Model for droplet-laden flows: Towards application to the mid-field of a spray Georges Akiki, Kai Liu and S. Balachandar * Department of Mechanical &
More informationModeling and Simulation of an Air-Assist Atomizer for Food Sprays
ILASS Americas, 21 st Annual Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Orlando FL, May 18 21 28 Modeling and Simulation of an Air-Assist Atomizer for Food Sprays Franz X. Tanner 1, Kathleen A.
More informationA Study of Grid Resolution and SGS Models for LES under Non-reacting Spray Conditions
ILASS Americas, 25 th Annual Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Pittsburgh, PA, May 2013 A Study of Grid Resolution and SGS Models for LES under Non-reacting Spray Conditions Q. Xue 1*,
More information3D Structure of Liquid Sprays: X- Ray µ- Radiography and Tomography by Polycapillary Based Technique
3D Structure of Liquid Sprays: X- Ray µ- Radiography and Tomography by Polycapillary Based Technique L. Marchitto, L. Allocca, S. Alfuso Istituto Motori CNR, Italy S. Dabagov, D. Hampai, A. Liedl, C. Polese
More informationNUMERICAL INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECT OF COOLING WATER SPRAY ON HOT SUPERSONIC JET
Volume 119 No. 12 2018, 59-63 ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.ijpam.eu ijpam.eu NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECT OF COOLING WATER SPRAY ON HOT SUPERSONIC JET Ramprasad T and Jayakumar
More informationUniversity of Maiduguri Faculty of Engineering Seminar Series Volume 6, december Seminar Series Volume 6, 2015 Page 58
University of Maiduguri Faculty of Engineering Seminar Series Volume 6, december 2015 IMPINGEMENT JET COOLING OF GAS TURBINE COMBUSTOR WALL OF HEAT FLUX IMPOSED HOT - SIDE: CONJUGATE HEAT TRANSFER INVESTIGATIONS
More informationA NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF COMBUSTION PROCESS IN AN AXISYMMETRIC COMBUSTION CHAMBER
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN THE AIR FORCE-AFASES 2016 A NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF COMBUSTION PROCESS IN AN AXISYMMETRIC COMBUSTION CHAMBER Alexandru DUMITRACHE*, Florin FRUNZULICA ** *Institute of
More informationEVALUATION OF FOUR TURBULENCE MODELS IN THE INTERACTION OF MULTI BURNERS SWIRLING FLOWS
EVALUATION OF FOUR TURBULENCE MODELS IN THE INTERACTION OF MULTI BURNERS SWIRLING FLOWS A Aroussi, S Kucukgokoglan, S.J.Pickering, M.Menacer School of Mechanical, Materials, Manufacturing Engineering and
More informationDARS Digital Analysis of Reactive Systems
DARS Digital Analysis of Reactive Systems Introduction DARS is a complex chemical reaction analysis system, developed by DigAnaRS. Our latest version, DARS V2.0, was released in September 2008 and new
More informationOutline. Definition and mechanism Theory of diffusion Molecular diffusion in gases Molecular diffusion in liquid Mass transfer
Diffusion 051333 Unit operation in gro-industry III Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of gro-industry Kasetsart University Lecturer: Kittipong Rattanaporn 1 Outline Definition and mechanism Theory of
More informationPart I.
Part I bblee@unimp . Introduction to Mass Transfer and Diffusion 2. Molecular Diffusion in Gasses 3. Molecular Diffusion in Liquids Part I 4. Molecular Diffusion in Biological Solutions and Gels 5. Molecular
More informationNumerical Simulation of Film Flow over an Inclined Plate: Effects of Solvent Properties and Contact Angle
Numerical Simulation of Film Flow over an Inclined Plate: Effects of Solvent Properties and Contact Angle Janine Carney and Rajesh Singh Multiphase Flow Science Workshop August 5-6, 214 Lakeview Golf Resort
More informationNumerical Investigation of AdBlue Droplet Evaporation and Thermal Decomposition in the Context of NO x -SCR Using a Multi-Component Evaporation Model
Article Numerical Investigation of AdBlue Droplet Evaporation and Thermal Decomposition in the Context of NO x -SCR Using a Multi-Component Evaporation Model Kaushal Nishad *, Amsini Sadiki and Johannes
More informationTheoretical Developments in Group Combustion of Droplets and Sprays
Theoretical Developments in Group Combustion of Droplets and Sprays William A. Sirignano University of California, Irvine Collaborations: Guang Wu, current student; Randall Imaoka, former student, US Navy;
More informationSimulation of Liquid Jet Breakup Process by Three-Dimensional Incompressible SPH Method
Seventh International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics (ICCFD7), Big Island, Hawaii, July 9-13, 212 ICCFD7-291 Simulation of Liquid Jet Breakup Process by Three-Dimensional Incompressible SPH
More informationLES Investigation of Fuel Effects on Lean Blow off (LBO) for a Realistic Two-Phase Flow Combustor
LES Investigation of Fuel Effects on Lean Blow off (LBO) for a Realistic Two-Phase Flow Combustor J.W. LABAHN, P. C. M A, L. E SCLAPE, M. I HME S TANFORD U NIVERSITY 2017 SIAM International Conference
More informationANSYS Advanced Solutions for Gas Turbine Combustion. Gilles Eggenspieler 2011 ANSYS, Inc.
ANSYS Advanced Solutions for Gas Turbine Combustion Gilles Eggenspieler ANSYS, Inc. 1 Agenda Steady State: New and Existing Capabilities Reduced Order Combustion Models Finite-Rate Chemistry Models Chemistry
More informationDocument downloaded from:
Document downloaded from: http://hdl.handle.net/10251/67555 This paper must be cited as: Payri González, F.; Payri, R.; Salvador Rubio, FJ.; Martínez López, J. (2012). A contribution to the understanding
More informationReacting Flow Modeling in STAR-CCM+ Rajesh Rawat
Reacting Flow Modeling in STAR-CCM+ Rajesh Rawat Latest Additions (v 7.02/v 7.04) Eulerian Multi-phase Reaction Model Soot Model Moment Methods PPDF Flamelet Multi-stream model Complex Chemistry Model
More informationMixing and Combustion in Dense Mixtures by William A. Sirignano and Derek Dunn-Rankin
Mixing and Combustion in Dense Mixtures by William A. Sirignano and Derek Dunn-Rankin At very high pressures and densities, what is different and what is similar about the processes of Injection and Atomization,
More informationDetailed Numerical Simulation of Liquid Jet in Cross Flow Atomization: Impact of Nozzle Geometry and Boundary Condition
ILASS-Americas 25th Annual Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Pittsburgh, PA, May 23 Detailed Numerical Simulation of Liquid Jet in Cross Flow Atomization: Impact of Nozzle Geometry and
More informationNUMERICAL SIMULATION OF DROPLET DISPERSION AND EVAPORATION WITH A MOMENTS-BASED CFD MODEL
Proceedings of COBEM 29 Copyright c 29 by ABCM 2th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering November 15-2, 29, Gramado, RS, Brazil NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF DROPLET DISPERSION AND EVAPORATION WITH
More informationA first investigation on using a species reaction mechanism for flame propagation and soot emissions in CFD of SI engines
A first investigation on using a 1000+ species reaction mechanism for flame propagation and soot emissions in CFD of SI engines F.A. Tap *, D. Goryntsev, C. Meijer, A. Starikov Dacolt International BV
More informationModule 9: Mass Transfer Lecture 40: Analysis of Concentration Boundary Layer. The Lecture Contains: The concentration boundary layer
The Lecture Contains: The concentration boundary layer Heat and Mass Transfer Analogy Evaporate Cooling file:///d /Web%20Course%20(Ganesh%20Rana)/Dr.%20gautam%20biswas/Final/convective_heat_and_mass_transfer/lecture40/40_1.html[12/24/2014
More informationA KIVA-based Model for Liquid Jet in Cross Flow
ILASS-Americas nd Annual Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Cincinnati, OH, May 010 A KIVA-based Model for Liquid Jet in Cross Flow M. Behzad 1, A. Mashayek and N. Ashgriz Multiphase Flow
More informationCombustion and Emission Modeling in CONVERGE with LOGE models
Combustion and Emission Modeling in CONVERGE with LOGE models Corinna Netzer, Harry Lehtiniemi and Fabian Mauss 2015 CONVERGE USER CONFERENCE RICHARD CHILDRESS RACING, WELCOME, NC Outline Objective LOGE
More informationInjection and Combustion Principles at Rocket Conditions Malissa Lightfoot, Stephen Danczyk and Venke Sankaran
Injection and Combustion Principles at Rocket Conditions Malissa Lightfoot, Stephen Danczyk and Venke Sankaran Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, CA AFTC/PA clearance No. 15013, 16 January 2015
More informationStudy on residence time distribution of CSTR using CFD
Indian Journal of Chemical Technology Vol. 3, March 16, pp. 114-1 Study on residence time distribution of CSTR using CFD Akhilesh Khapre*, Divya Rajavathsavai & Basudeb Munshi Department of Chemical Engineering,
More informationCFD MODEL FOR DETERMINING LOCAL PHASE FRACTION OIL-WATER DISPERSION IN TURBULENT FLOW
CFD MODEL FOR DETERMINING LOCAL PHASE FRACTION OIL-WATER DISPERSION IN TURBULENT FLOW Siti Aslina Hussain 1* and Soo Mee Khuan 1 1 Department of Chemical and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
More informationModelling the influence of the nozzle geometry on the primary breakup of diesel jets
International journal of spray and combustion dynamics Volume. 6 Number.. 4 pages 3 46 3 Modelling the influence of the nozzle geometry on the primary breakup of diesel jets Oscar J. Soriano-Palao *, Martin
More informationExperimental investigation of the effect of high pressure nozzle geometry on spray characteristics
Loughborough University Institutional Repository Experimental investigation of the effect of high pressure nozzle geometry on spray characteristics This item was submitted to Loughborough University's
More informationEULERIAN LAGRANGIAN RANS MODEL SIMULATIONS OF THE NIST TURBULENT METHANOL SPRAY FLAME
Combust. Sci. Technol., 187: 111 1138, 215 Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 1-222 print / 1563-521X online DOI: 1.18/1222.215.119616 EULERIAN LAGRANGIAN RANS MODEL SIMULATIONS OF THE NIST TURBULENT
More informationA MULTI-ZONE REACTION-BASED DIESEL COMBUSTION MODEL FOR MODEL-BASED CONTROL
Proceedings of the ASME 217 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference DSCC217 October 11-13, 217, Tysons, Virginia, USA DSCC217-574 A MULTI-ZONE REACTION-BASED DIESEL COMBUSTION MODEL FOR MODEL-BASED CONTROL
More informationThe deposition efficiency and spatial thickness distribution of films created by Directed
Chapter 8 Vapor Transport Model Development The deposition efficiency and spatial thickness distribution of films created by Directed Vapor Deposition synthesis have been shown to be sensitive functions
More informationA design procedure for liquid to air type atomisers
Chemical and Process Engineering 2015, 36 (3), 355-363 DOI: 10.1515/cpe-2015-0025 A design procedure for liquid to air type atomisers based on air and water mixture outflow velocity Piotr Krawczyk *, Krzysztof
More informationChapter 2 Spray Formation and Penetration
Chapter 2 Spray Formation and Penetration Abstract The conventional understanding of spray formation when liquid leaves the nozzle is based on the analysis of the following stages: development of a jet,
More informationFlame Characteristics of Commercial Fuels With Respect to Single Droplet Combustion - For Spray Applications
International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. ISSN 973-685 Volume 1, Number 4 (17) pp. 681-697 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com Flame Characteristics of Commercial
More informationNumerical analysis of Urea-SCR sprays under cross-flow conditions. Jakob Heide
Numerical analysis of Urea-SCR sprays under cross-flow conditions by Jakob Heide August 2016 Technical Reports from Royal Institute of Technology KTH Mechanics SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden iii KUNGLIGA
More information