Over Lesson 2 3 Identify the hypothesis and conclusion. If 6x 5 = 19, then x = 4. Identify the hypothesis and conclusion. A polygon is a hexagon if it
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1 Five-Minute Check (over Lesson 2 3) Then/Now New Vocabulary Example 1: Real-World Example: Inductive and Deductive Reasoning Key Concept: Law of Detachment Example 2: Law of Detachment Example 3: Judge Conclusions Using Venn Diagrams Key Concept: Law of Syllogism Example 4: Standardized Test Example: Law of Syllogism Example 5: Apply Laws of Deductive Reasoning 1
2 Over Lesson 2 3 Identify the hypothesis and conclusion. If 6x 5 = 19, then x = 4. Identify the hypothesis and conclusion. A polygon is a hexagon if it has six sides. Write the statement in if-then form: Exercise makes you healthier. Write the following statement in if-then form: Squares have 4 sides. Given the statement, If you live in Miami, then you live in Florida, which of the following is true? A. negation B. inverse C. converse D. contrapositive Over Lesson 2 3 Identify the hypothesis and conclusion. If 6x 5 = 19, then x = 4. A. Hypothesis: 6x 5 = 19 Conclusion: x = 4 B. Hypothesis: 6x 5 = 19 Conclusion: x 4 C. Hypothesis: x = 4 Conclusion: 6x 5 = 19 D. Hypothesis: 6x 5 19 Conclusion: x = 4 2
3 Over Lesson 2 3 Identify the hypothesis and conclusion. A polygon is a hexagon if it has six sides. A. Hypothesis: The polygon is not a hexagon. Conclusion: A polygon has six sides. B. Hypothesis: The polygon is a hexagon. Conclusion: A polygon has six sides. C. Hypothesis: A polygon has six sides. Conclusion: The polygon is a hexagon. D. Hypothesis: A polygon does not have six sides. Conclusion: The polygon is a hexagon. Over Lesson 2 3 Which choice shows the statement in if-then form? Exercise makes you healthier. A. If you exercise, then you will be healthier. B. If you are healthy, then you exercise. C. If you don t exercise, you won t be healthier. D. If you don t exercise, then you won t be healthier. 3
4 Over Lesson 2 3 Which choice shows the statement in if-then form? Squares have 4 sides. A. If a figure has 4 sides, then it is a square. B. If a figure is a square, then it has 4 sides. C. A figure is not a square if it does not have 4 sides. D. If a figure is not a square, then it does not have 4 sides. Over Lesson 2 3 Given the statement, If you live in Miami, then you live in Florida, which of the following is true? A. the negation of the statement B. the inverse of the statement C. the converse of the statement D. the contrapositive of the statement 4
5 You used inductive reasoning to analyze patterns and make conjectures. Use the Law of Detachment. Use the Law of Syllogism. deductive reasoning valid Law of Detachment Law of Syllogism 5
6 Inductive and Deductive Reasoning A. WEATHER Determine whether the conclusion is based on inductive or deductive reasoning. In Miguel s town, the month of April has had the most rain for the past 5 years. He thinks that April will have the most rain this year. Answer: Miguel s conclusion is based on a pattern of observation, so he is using inductive reasoning. Inductive and Deductive Reasoning B. WEATHER Determine whether the conclusion is based on inductive or deductive reasoning. Sandra learned that if it is cloudy at night it will not be as cold in the morning than if there are no clouds at night. Sandra knows it will be cloudy tonight, so she believes it will not be cold tomorrow morning. Answer: Sandra is using facts that she has learned about clouds and temperature, so she is using deductive reasoning. 6
7 A. Determine whether the conclusion is based on inductive or deductive reasoning. Macy s mother orders pizza for dinner every Thursday. Today is Thursday. Macy concludes that she will have pizza for dinner tonight. A. inductive B. deductive B. Determine whether the conclusion is based on inductive or deductive reasoning. The library charges $0.25 per day for overdue books. Kyle returns a book that is 3 days overdue. Kyle concludes that he will be charged a $0.75 fine. A. inductive B. deductive 7
8 Law of Detachment Determine whether the conclusion is valid based on the given information. If not, write invalid. Explain your reasoning. Given: If two angles are vertical, then they are congruent. Statement: A and B are vertical angles. Conclusion: A B Step 1 p: two angles are vertical. q: The angles are congruent. Step 2 The statement satisfies the conditional. The conclusion is valid. 8
9 Law of Detachment Determine whether the conclusion is valid based on the given information. If not, write invalid. Explain your reasoning. Given: If a figure is a square, then it is a parallelogram. Statement: The figure is a parallelogram. Conclusion: The figure is a square. Step 1 p: A figure is a square. q: The figure is a parallelogram. Step 2 The statement does not satisfy the conditional. The conclusion is invalid. (The figure could be a rectangle.) The following is a true conditional. Determine whether the conclusion is valid based on the given information. Given: If a polygon is a convex quadrilateral, then the sum of the interior angles is 360. Statement: ABCD is a convex quadrilateral. Conclusion: The sum of the interior angles of ABCD is 360. A. valid B. not valid C. cannot be determined 9
10 Judge Conclusions Using Venn Diagrams Determine whether the conclusion is valid based on the given information. If not, write invalid. Explain your reasoning using a Venn diagram. Given: If a triangle is equilateral, then it is an acute triangle. Statement: The triangle is equilateral. Conclusion: The triangle is acute. Draw a Venn diagram. Answer: From the information given, all equilateral triangles are acute, so the conclusion is valid. Determine whether the conclusion is valid based on the given information. If not, write invalid. Use a Venn diagram to help you. Given: If a figure is a square, then it has 4 right angles. Statement: A figure has 4 right angles. Conclusion: The figure is a square. A. valid B. invalid 10
11 Law of Syllogism Determine which statement follows logically from the given statements. (1) If Jamal finishes his homework, he will go out with his friends. (2) If Jamal goes out with his friends, he will go to the movies. A If Jamal goes out with his friends, then he finishes his homework. B If Jamal finishes his homework, he will go to the movies. C If Jamal does not go to the movies, he does not go out with his friends. D There is no valid conclusion. 11
12 Law of Syllogism Determine which statement follows logically from the given statements. (1) If Jamal finishes his homework, he will go out with his friends. (2) If Jamal goes out with his friends, he will go to the movies. Identify the statements and assign symbols p: Jamal finishes his homework. q: He goes out with his friends. r: He goes to the movies. Rewrite using symbols Statement (1): p q Statement (2): q r By the Law of Syllogism p r Law of Syllogism Determine which statement follows logically from the given statements. (1) If Jamal finishes his homework, he will go out with his friends. (2) If Jamal goes out with his friends, he will go to the movies. A If Jamal goes out with his friends, then he finishes his homework. B If Jamal finishes his homework, he will go to the movies. C If Jamal does not go to the movies, he does not go out with his friends. D There is no valid conclusion. 12
13 Determine which statement follows logically from the given statements. (1) If you understand conditional statements, then you can write proofs. (2) If you can write proofs, then you get an A. A. If you understand conditional statements, then you can write proofs. B. If you get an A, then you understand conditional statements. C. If understand conditional statements, then you get an A. D. There is no valid conclusion. Determine which statement follows logically from the given statements. (1) If your alarm clock goes off in the morning, then you will get out of bed. (2) If you ride a bus, then you go to work. A. If you ride a bus, then you get out of bed. B. If your alarm clock goes off, then you go to work. C. If you go to work, then you get of out bed. D. There is no valid conclusion. 13
14 Apply Laws of Deductive Reasoning Draw a valid conclusion from the given statements, if possible. Then state whether your conclusion was drawn using the Law of Detachment or the Law of Syllogism. If no valid conclusion can be drawn, write no conclusion and explain your reasoning. Given: If it snows more than 5 inches, school will be closed. It snows 7 inches. p: It snows more than 5 inches. q: School will be closed. Answer: Since It snows 7 inches satisfies the hypothesis, p is true. By the Law of Detachment, a valid conclusion is School is closed. Determine whether statement (3) follows from statements (1) and (2) by the Law of Detachment or the Law of Syllogism. If it does, state which law was used. If it does not, select invalid. (1) If a children s movie is playing on Saturday, Janine will take her little sister Jill to the movie. (2) Janine always buys Jill popcorn at the movies. (3) If a children s movie is playing on Saturday, Jill will get popcorn. A. Law of Detachment B. Law of Syllogism C. invalid 14
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