LHCb Semileptonic Asymmetry
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1 CERN A recent measurement of the CP violating flavour specific asymmetry in B s decays, a s sl, is presented. This measurement is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1 fb 1 of pp collisions at s = 7 TeV, collected during the 11 run of the LHC. The result is a s sl = (.4±.4 stat ±.33 syst ) 1, which is the most precise measurement of this quantity to date and agrees with the Standard Model prediction. 14th International Conference on B-Physics at Hadron Machines, April 8, 13 Bologna, Italy Speaker. On behalf of the Collaboration. c Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike Licence.
2 1. Introduction Precision measurements of flavour observables offer a possible window to new physics, that is complementary to direct searches for on-shell production of new particles. Thanks to the large b b cross section at the LHC, we are entering a new regime in sensitivity with these studies. The B s sector in particular is not accessible by e + e colliders operating at the ϒ(4S) resonance. Since the flavour eigenstates, B s and B s of this meson are not eigenstates of the weak Hamiltonian, an initial B s state will evolve into a mixture of B s and B s. The following complex matrix characterises this so called mixing : ( M11 i Γ 11 M 1 i Γ ) 1 M1 i Γ 1 M i Γ. (1.1) The mass and decay width differences between the mass eigenstates are denoted M s and Γ s, respectively. Violation of CP in mixing would be apparent as a flavour specific asymmetry, e.g., in semileptonic decays, a s sl Γ( B s µ + D s ) Γ(B s µ D + s ) Γ( B s µ + D s ) + Γ(B s µ D + s ) = Γ M tanφ 1, (1.) where φ 1 = arg( M 1 /Γ 1 ). The Standard Model predicts a very small value for φ 1 around. [1]. Therefore, the predicted value of a s sl = (1.9 ±.3) 1 is negligible compared to current experimental precision. A measurement that is significantly different from zero would be a strong indication of new physics. The D Collaboration reported an anomalously large asymmetry in the rate of like-sign muon pairs, A µµ = (.787 ±.17 stat ±.93 syst ) 1 []. This observable is a linear combination of the semileptonic asymmetries of the B s and B d systems: A µµ.6a s sl +.4ad sl. D have also recently measured the separate asymmetries [3, 4], and the results are consistent with the Standard Model. The most precise measurement of a d sl from the BaBar Collaboration [] is also consistent with the Standard Model. The measurement of a s sl with equation 1. requires flavour tagging to select wrong-sign decays. Without flavour tagging, the time integrated asymmetry is, A meas N(µ+ D s ) N(µ D + s ) N(µ + D s ) + N(µ D + s ) = as sl + K where a p is the production asymmetry, and [ ] a p as sl, (1.3) K = e Γ s t cos( M s t)ε(t)dt e Γ s t cosh( Γ s t/)ε(t)dt. (1.4) The production asymmetry arises due to the asymmetric (pp) initial state and the forward geometry of the detector, and has been measured to be around 1% for the B s [6]. Inserting the efficiency as a function of decay time, ε(t), and the mixing parameters for the B s, one obtains a value of K 1 3. A production asymmetry of even a few percent is thus washed out by the fast oscillations, to a level that is negligible compared to the statistical precision on A meas. The decay mode B s D s µ + ν µ X is used, with the D s decaying to φπ and φ K + K. In order to obtain A meas, the signal yields need to be corrected for any instrumental asymmetries.
3 . Dataset and event selection This analysis [7] is based on 1 fb 1 of pp collisions at s = 7 TeV, collected with the detector [8] during the 11 run of the LHC. is a single-arm forward spectrometer covering the pseudorapidity range < η <, designed for the study of particles containing b or c quarks. The magnet polarity is reversed periodically. Approximately 4% of the data were recorded with the magnetic field pointing up and the rest with the magnetic field pointing down. We exploit the fact that certain detection asymmetries cancel if data from different magnet polarities are combined. The trigger consists of a hardware stage (L), based on information from the calorimeter and muon systems, followed by a software stage (HLT) which applies a full event reconstruction. The offline selection requires a three track vertex, consistent with the decay D + s K + K π +. The D + s candidate must make a vertex with a muon that is consistent with the decay of a B s meson. All of the daughter particles must have a significant impact parameter with respect to the nearest primary vertex. The kaons must satisfy particle identification requirements and the kaon pair must have an invariant mass within ± MeV of the φ(1) resonance. Signal candidates are triggered by the muon at L and at the first stage of the HLT. The L muon trigger performs a fast reconstruction of muons, and requires a transverse momentum, p T, of at least 1.4 GeV (the exact threshold varied during the data taking period). The first HLT stage, HLT1, requires this muon to be confirmed in the tracking stations and to have a significant impact parameter with respect to the nearest primary vertex. In the final HLT stage, HLT, an inclusive, topological trigger for b hadron decays with a muon in the final state is used [9]. 3. Backgrounds Random combinatoric background is subtracted by fitting the K + K π ± invariant mass distribution. Figure 1 shows a fit to roughly half of the dataset, that was collected with the magnet polarity in the up configuration. The background from prompt D + s production is estimated to be around 3% from a two-dimensional fit to the mass and logarithm of the impact parameter of the D + s. The D + s production asymmetry has been measured to be (.33 ±. stat ±.11 syst ) 1 [1]. The effect of prompt D + s on the measured asymmetry is therefore considered to be negligible. A contamination of less than 1% is estimated from B s D + s X, with a hadron faking a muon. The fake rates are measured to have small asymmetries, so this background has a negligible effect on the measurement. The decay of B /B ± D ± s X c, where the second charm hadron, X c, decays semileptonically to produce a muon is estimated to contribute at the few percent level. The process B D + s K µ νx also contributes at the few percent level. Both of these sources inherit possible B and B ± production asymmetries of a percent at the most, but with opposite sign. A small systematic uncertainty is assigned to cover the residual asymmetry. 4. Instrumental asymmetries Any detection asymmetry is mostly cancelled by averaging the two magnet polarity configurations. Rather than to rely on this cancellation, dedicated control channels are used to measure the detection asymmetries, and separately correct the signal yields in each polarity. 3
4 Candidatess / 3 MeV (a) Candidatess / 3 MeV (b) Pull m(k K π + ) (MeV) m(k K π + ) (MeV) Pull m(k + K - π - ) (MeV) m(k + K - π - ) (MeV) Figure 1: The K + K π ± invariant mass distributions of the (a) D + s µ and (b) D s µ + candidates in the magnet-up dataset. ) - ε L(μ + ) / εl (μ Magnet Up Magnet Down Muon momentum [GeV] Figure : The L muon trigger efficiency ratio (µ + /µ ) as a function of the offline reconstructed muon momentum. The red and blue points correspond to the magnet-up and magnet-down data sets, respectively. Muon identification and trigger efficiency asymmetries are measured using J/ψ µ + µ candidates. Both muons are reconstructed in the tracking detectors, such that the full decay kinematics are determined, but only one (tag) muon is required to be identified in the muon stations. One can then study the efficiencies using the unbiased (probe) muon. Figure shows the L muon trigger efficiency ratio (µ + /µ ) as a function of the offline reconstructed muon momentum. For a single magnet polarity, an asymmetry of order 1% is observed, but is reasonably well compensated by the other polarity, as expected. In order to account for any kinematic dependence of the muon asymmetries, the measurement is performed in a bin grid of momentum, p x and p y. The J/ψ based muon corrections account for the offline muon identification, and the first two stages of the trigger. A partially reconstructed sample of D + D π + decays, with D K π + π + π, is used to determine the π + detection asymmetry, as detailed in Ref [1]. Since the muon and the pion have opposite charge, their tracking asymmetries are mostly cancelled. A residual asymmetry may 4
5 Table 1: Absolute systematic uncertainties in A meas. Source σ(a meas ) (%) Signal modelling.6 Background from other b hadrons. Tracking asymmetries.6 Kaon asymmetries. Muon corrections. Varying run conditions.1 Muon mis-identification.1 HLT biases. Statistical uncertainty in the muon corrections.1 Total.16 remain due to their different average momenta, and is accounted for in the systematic uncertainties. A possible asymmetry in HLT is studied using a sample of B D + µ νx candidates, with D + K π + π +. No significant asymmetry is found, and the upper limit is propagated to the systematic uncertainty.. Systematic uncertainties Table 1 lists the sources of systematic uncertainty on A meas. The largest component is the statistical uncertainty on the muon efficiency corrections, due to the limited J/ψ sample size. The next largest sources are from varying the signal fit parameterisation, and from the residual tracking asymmetries due to the different kinematics of the muon and the pion. 6. Results Figure 3 shows A meas as a function of the muon momentum, separately for the two magnet polarities and also for their average. Averaging over momentum we measure, a s sl = (.4 ±.4 stat ±.33 syst ) 1. Figure 4 compares this result to other measurements of a s sl and ad sl, plus the D measurement of A µµ. This is the most precise measurement to date and is in good agreement with the Standard Model prediction, and is therefore unable to confirm the anomaly seen by the D Collaboration. 7. Conclusions A recent measurement of the flavour specific CP violating asymmetry in B s decays, a s sl is presented. This measurement is based on the full 11 dataset of 1 fb 1 of pp collisions at s = 7 TeV, and uses a time integrated approach with untagged decays. The result, a s sl = (.4 ±.4 stat ±.33 syst ) 1, is the most precise measurement of this quantity to date, and is good agreement with Standard Model expectations. This result is unable to confirm the anomalous dimuon asymmetry reported by the D Collaboration.
6 (%) A meas 1 (a) (%) A meas 1 (b) (%) A meas 1 (c) Muon Momentum (GeV) Muon Momentum (GeV) Muon Momentum (GeV) Figure 3: A meas as a function of muon momentum for (a) magnet up, (b) magnet down, and (c) the average. References ) - (x1 a s sl SM B-factories D, 9. fb D, 1.4 fb D, 1.4 fb, 1. fb -4 - ad sl (x1 Figure 4: Comparison of the different measurements of a s sl and ad sl. [1] A. Lenz and U. Nierste, JHEP 76, 7 (7). [] D Collaboration, V. M. Abazov et al., Phys. Rev. D 84, 7 (11). [3] D Collaboration, V. M. Abazov et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 11, 1181 (13). [4] D Collaboration, V. M. Abazov et al., Phys. Rev. D (1). [] BaBar Collaboration, J. P. Lees et al., arxiv:13.17 [hep-ex] (1). [6] Collaboration, R. Aaij et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 18, 161 (1). [7] Collaboration, R. Aaij et al., -CONF-. [8] Collaboration, A. A. Alves Jr. et al., JINST 3 S8 (8). [9] V. Gligorov, C. Thomas, and M. Williams, -PUB16. [1] Collaboration, R. Aaij et al., Phys. Lett. B (1). - ) 6
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