In the News:

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "In the News:"

Transcription

1 In the News:

2 In the News: Reversal in Arctic cooling trend Kaufman et al. 2009, Science 4/science/earth/04arctic.html?hp

3 In the News:

4 QUIZ #1: Answers (1) Why is the ozone layer important? It blocks harmful shortwave radiation yet allows long-wave radiation to reach the earth s surface which supports biological processes (photosynthesis etc.) (2) What is the difference between water vapor and visible clouds? Water vapor is a gas and visible clouds are made up of liquid molecules (condensed water vapor). 4

5 QUIZ #1: Answers (3a) 1. (Right plot) what is the atmospheric pressure associated with the High in MT? Where is there a low pressure trough? NE MT, S. Idaho, & Central Utah 5

6 QUIZ #1: Answers (3b) (Left plot) what is the wind direction and approx. speed? ~ 5 knots 1. (left plot) what is the atmospheric pressure? (<500 so 10185/10 = ) 2. (left plot) what is the atmospheric pressure trend? Decreasing then stable 3. (left plot) what is the sky cover? clear 6

7 QUIZ #1: Answers (3b) 1. (left plot) what is the atmospheric pressure? If reported value greater than 500: Initial 9 is missing. Place it on left, then divide by 10. For example: 827 becomes 9827 / 10 = mb If reported value less than 500: Initial 10 is missing. Place it on left, then divide by 10. For example : 185 becomes / 10 = mb. 7

8 Weather Journal Example: 1. Example: 2. Grading Rubric: 8

9 Solar Radiation and the Seasons (ERTH September, 2009) 1. Solar Radiation: a. Energy types energy transfer b. Radiation quality quantity c. Solar constant NASA:

10 Energy (review) Energy = ability to do work units = joule [J] Power = rate of energy release unit = watt [W] = J / sec

11 Energy types Potential energy: energy that has not been used yet, or energy stored within a physical system allposters.com

12 Energy types Kinetic energy: energy in use, or the energy of motion Lindsey Kildow, from the New York Times:

13 Energy energy transfer mechanisms Conduction: heat transfer by its movement through a substance (littl substance (little movement of molecules) Convection: heat transfer by movement of a fluid (a liquid or gas) wind HOT oil (50 C) HEAT Trans-Alaska Pipeline in the Alaska Range

14 Energy energy transfer mechanisms Conduction: heat transfer by its movement through a substance Convection: heat transfer by movement of a fluid * very important for weather phenomena Pyrocumulus cloud in interior Alaska, Erickson Creek Fire, 2003.

15 Energy energy transfer mechanisms (Electromagnetic) Radiation: no medium required for transmission differ by wave properties a) Quantity (or Intensity) is a function of amplitude b) quality or type is a function of wavelength (e.g., gamma vs. infrared) magnetic electric Aguado and Burt Fig. 2-5

16 Radiation (Electromagnetic) Radiation: Aguado and Burt Fig. 2-6 wave length (μm = m)

17 Radiation Who knew? all objects emit radiation, over a range of wavelengths (i.e. of all different types- humans ~ 9 light bulbs) If an object were to emit the maximum amount of radiation possible at all wavelengths, it would be a black body

18 Radiation Black body radiation (e.g. perfect radiation) is described by Stefan-Boltzmann Law: energy radiated per unit area per unit time is proportional to the forth power of the black body s temperature Or, in math: I = σt 4 I = intensity (W m -2 ) σ = Stefan-Boltzmann constant (5.67x10-8 W m -2 K -4 ) T = temperature ( K)

19 o f R a d i a Radiation t i o n Implications of Stefan-Boltzmann Law: hotter bodies emit more intense energy

20 Radiation Implications of Stefan-Boltzmann Law: hotter bodies emit more intense energy Sun 174,000 times more intense ative intensity rela wave length (μm)

21 Radiation Graybodies = imperfect radiator (some energy absorbed) most liquids and solids Earth and sun ~ black bodies Atmospheric liquids & gases = gray bodies Stefan-Boltzmann Law gets modified: I = εσt 4 ε = emissivity = proportion of energy emitted from an object, relative to a black body (ranges between 0-1)

22 Radiation Graybodies = imperfect radiator (some energy absorbed) most liquids id and solids Stefan-Boltzmann Law gets modified: d I = εσt 4 Application of the Stefan-Boltzmann Law to the atmosphere is not appropriate emissivity in atmosphere influenced by many other factors (e.g. water vapor)

23 Radiation Wien s Law: relates the modal wavelength emitted from an object to temperature Or, in math: λ max = 2900/T λ max = modal wavelength (μ) max T = temperature ( K)

24 o f R a d i a Radiation t i o n Implications of Wien s Law: hotter bodies emit more intense energy

25 Radiation SO WHAT? Useful consequences of S-B and Wien s Law: Colorenhanced infrared satellite imagery: enhanced infrared satellite imagery:

26 Solar Constant Sun emits x W energy does not change from Sun to Earth... but it s intensity does.

27 Solar Constant inverse square law Inverse square law: energy intensity diminishes in proportion to the distance squared Solar constant = 3.865x10 26 W / 4π(1.5x10 11 m) 2 = 1367 W/m 2

28 Solar Constant

29 Causes of Earth s Seasons 1. The Seasons: a. Earth Sun geometry 2. Energy Balance and Temperature a. Atmospheric influences on insolation: absorption, reflection, and scattering 29

30 Seasons: Earth-Sun geometry Why does Earth have seasons? Changes in the quantity of incoming solar radiation, or insolation, at a given location. 30

31 Seasons: Earth-Sun geometry Why does insolation vary? 1. Earth s revolution around the sun: * 3% change in distance to sun between perihelion (winter today) and aphelion (summer today) 7% change in insolation 31

32 Preview mechanisms of climate change The path of Earth s revolution changes through time, and thus the date of perihelion and aphelion change (21,000 yr to cycle through the calendar) and the difference in insolation can vary up to 23%. the length of the season also changes: 32

33 Seasons: Earth-Sun geometry Why does insolation vary? 2. Earth s axial tilt = relative to elliptical plane rotation axis 33 Early Winters Spire and Blue Peak, North Cascades, WA

34 Seasons: Earth-Sun geometry Solstice: What is the one Earth-Sun relationship defining a solstice? 34

35 Seasons: Earth-Sun geometry Solstice: Maximum axial tilt in relation to the Sun Hemispheric p axes inclined toward or away from Sun Causes maximum difference in solar insolation, between hemispheres 35

36 Seasons: Earth-Sun geometry June Solstice (~ June 21) * Subsolar point = Tropic of Cancer (23.5 o N) * 24 h daylight at Arctic Circle = = 66.5 N December Solstice (~ Dec. 21) * point = Tropic of Capricorn (23.5 o S) 24 h daylight at Antarctic Circle = = 66.5 S 36

In the News: &id= &m=

In the News:  &id= &m= In the News: http://www.npr.org/templates/player/mediaplayer.html?action=1&t=1&islist=false &id=112755481&m=112805055 1 In the News: http://www.economist.com/scien cetechnology/displaystory.cfm?st ory_id=14302001

More information

Meteorology Pretest on Chapter 2

Meteorology Pretest on Chapter 2 Meteorology Pretest on Chapter 2 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The earth emits terrestrial radiation a) only at night b) all the time c) only during winter d) only over the continents 2. If an imbalance occurs between

More information

HEATING THE ATMOSPHERE

HEATING THE ATMOSPHERE HEATING THE ATMOSPHERE Earth and Sun 99.9% of Earth s heat comes from Sun But

More information

Lecture 3: Global Energy Cycle

Lecture 3: Global Energy Cycle Lecture 3: Global Energy Cycle Planetary energy balance Greenhouse Effect Vertical energy balance Latitudinal energy balance Seasonal and diurnal cycles Solar Flux and Flux Density Solar Luminosity (L)

More information

Lecture # 04 January 27, 2010, Wednesday Energy & Radiation

Lecture # 04 January 27, 2010, Wednesday Energy & Radiation Lecture # 04 January 27, 2010, Wednesday Energy & Radiation Kinds of energy Energy transfer mechanisms Radiation: electromagnetic spectrum, properties & principles Solar constant Atmospheric influence

More information

Energy. Kinetic and Potential Energy. Kinetic Energy. Kinetic energy the energy of motion

Energy. Kinetic and Potential Energy. Kinetic Energy. Kinetic energy the energy of motion Introduction to Climatology GEOGRAPHY 300 Tom Giambelluca University of Hawai i at Mānoa Solar Radiation and the Seasons Energy Energy: The ability to do work Energy: Force applied over a distance kg m

More information

Energy and Radiation. GEOG/ENST 2331 Lecture 3 Ahrens: Chapter 2

Energy and Radiation. GEOG/ENST 2331 Lecture 3 Ahrens: Chapter 2 Energy and Radiation GEOG/ENST 2331 Lecture 3 Ahrens: Chapter 2 Last lecture: the Atmosphere! Mainly nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%)! T, P and ρ! The Ideal Gas Law! Temperature profiles Lecture outline!

More information

Solar Radiation and Environmental Biophysics Geo 827, MSU Jiquan Chen Oct. 6, 2015

Solar Radiation and Environmental Biophysics Geo 827, MSU Jiquan Chen Oct. 6, 2015 Solar Radiation and Environmental Biophysics Geo 827, MSU Jiquan Chen Oct. 6, 2015 1) Solar radiation basics 2) Energy balance 3) Other relevant biophysics 4) A few selected applications of RS in ecosystem

More information

Lecture 2: Global Energy Cycle

Lecture 2: Global Energy Cycle Lecture 2: Global Energy Cycle Planetary energy balance Greenhouse Effect Vertical energy balance Solar Flux and Flux Density Solar Luminosity (L) the constant flux of energy put out by the sun L = 3.9

More information

Chapter 2. Heating Earth's Surface & Atmosphere

Chapter 2. Heating Earth's Surface & Atmosphere Chapter 2 Heating Earth's Surface & Atmosphere Topics Earth-Sun Relationships Energy, Heat and Temperature Mechanisms of Heat Transfer What happens to Incoming Solar Radiation? Radiation Emitted by the

More information

MAPH & & & & & & 02 LECTURE

MAPH & & & & & & 02 LECTURE Climate & Earth System Science Introduction to Meteorology & Climate MAPH 10050 Peter Lynch Peter Lynch Meteorology & Climate Centre School of Mathematical Sciences University College Dublin Meteorology

More information

1. The frequency of an electromagnetic wave is proportional to its wavelength. a. directly *b. inversely

1. The frequency of an electromagnetic wave is proportional to its wavelength. a. directly *b. inversely CHAPTER 3 SOLAR AND TERRESTRIAL RADIATION MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. The frequency of an electromagnetic wave is proportional to its wavelength. a. directly *b. inversely 2. is the distance between successive

More information

Lecture 5: Greenhouse Effect

Lecture 5: Greenhouse Effect Lecture 5: Greenhouse Effect S/4 * (1-A) T A 4 T S 4 T A 4 Wien s Law Shortwave and Longwave Radiation Selected Absorption Greenhouse Effect Global Energy Balance terrestrial radiation cooling Solar radiation

More information

Chapter 11 Lecture Outline. Heating the Atmosphere

Chapter 11 Lecture Outline. Heating the Atmosphere Chapter 11 Lecture Outline Heating the Atmosphere They are still here! Focus on the Atmosphere Weather Occurs over a short period of time Constantly changing Climate Averaged over a long period of time

More information

Lecture 4: Radiation Transfer

Lecture 4: Radiation Transfer Lecture 4: Radiation Transfer Spectrum of radiation Stefan-Boltzmann law Selective absorption and emission Reflection and scattering Remote sensing Importance of Radiation Transfer Virtually all the exchange

More information

G109 Alternate Midterm Exam October, 2004 Instructor: Dr C.M. Brown

G109 Alternate Midterm Exam October, 2004 Instructor: Dr C.M. Brown 1 Time allowed 50 mins. Answer ALL questions Total possible points;50 Number of pages:8 Part A: Multiple Choice (1 point each) [total 24] Answer all Questions by marking the corresponding number on the

More information

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE. Tarbuck Lutgens

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE. Tarbuck Lutgens Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 17 The Atmosphere: Structure and Temperature 17.1 Atmosphere Characteristics Composition of the Atmosphere Weather is constantly changing, and it refers

More information

Lecture 5: Greenhouse Effect

Lecture 5: Greenhouse Effect /30/2018 Lecture 5: Greenhouse Effect Global Energy Balance S/ * (1-A) terrestrial radiation cooling Solar radiation warming T S Global Temperature atmosphere Wien s Law Shortwave and Longwave Radiation

More information

Warming Earth and its Atmosphere The Diurnal and Seasonal Cycles

Warming Earth and its Atmosphere The Diurnal and Seasonal Cycles Warming Earth and its Atmosphere The Diurnal and Seasonal Cycles Or, what happens to the energy received from the sun? First We Need to Understand The Ways in Which Heat Can be Transferred in the Atmosphere

More information

9/1/14. Chapter 2: Heating Earth s Surface and Atmosphere. The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology, 12 th. Lutgens Tarbuck

9/1/14. Chapter 2: Heating Earth s Surface and Atmosphere. The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology, 12 th. Lutgens Tarbuck Chapter 2: Heating Earth s Surface and Atmosphere The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology, 12 th Lutgens Tarbuck Lectures by: Heather Gallacher, Cleveland State University! Earth s two principal

More information

2. What does a mercury barometer measure? Describe this device and explain how it physically works.

2. What does a mercury barometer measure? Describe this device and explain how it physically works. Written Homework #1 Key NATS 101, Sec. 13 Fall 2010 40 Points total 10 points per graded question 10 points for attempting all questions. 1. What is the difference between mass and weight? Mass is an intrinsic

More information

Lecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 16 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens

Lecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 16 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens Lecture Outlines PowerPoint Chapter 16 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors

More information

Friday 8 September, :00-4:00 Class#05

Friday 8 September, :00-4:00 Class#05 Friday 8 September, 2017 3:00-4:00 Class#05 Topics for the hour Global Energy Budget, schematic view Solar Radiation Blackbody Radiation http://www2.gi.alaska.edu/~bhatt/teaching/atm694.fall2017/ notes.html

More information

Chapter 02 Energy and Matter in the Atmosphere

Chapter 02 Energy and Matter in the Atmosphere Chapter 02 Energy and Matter in the Atmosphere Multiple Choice Questions 1. The most common gas in the atmosphere is. A. oxygen (O2). B. carbon dioxide (CO2). C. nitrogen (N2). D. methane (CH4). Section:

More information

Atmospheric Radiation

Atmospheric Radiation Atmospheric Radiation NASA photo gallery Introduction The major source of earth is the sun. The sun transfer energy through the earth by radiated electromagnetic wave. In vacuum, electromagnetic waves

More information

Electromagnetic Radiation. Radiation and the Planetary Energy Balance. Electromagnetic Spectrum of the Sun

Electromagnetic Radiation. Radiation and the Planetary Energy Balance. Electromagnetic Spectrum of the Sun Radiation and the Planetary Energy Balance Electromagnetic Radiation Solar radiation warms the planet Conversion of solar energy at the surface Absorption and emission by the atmosphere The greenhouse

More information

Understanding the Greenhouse Effect

Understanding the Greenhouse Effect EESC V2100 The Climate System spring 200 Understanding the Greenhouse Effect Yochanan Kushnir Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University Palisades, NY 1096, USA kushnir@ldeo.columbia.edu Equilibrium

More information

Fluid Circulation Review. Vocabulary. - Dark colored surfaces absorb more energy.

Fluid Circulation Review. Vocabulary. - Dark colored surfaces absorb more energy. Fluid Circulation Review Vocabulary Absorption - taking in energy as in radiation. For example, the ground will absorb the sun s radiation faster than the ocean water. Air pressure Albedo - Dark colored

More information

November 20, NOTES ES Rotation, Rev, Tilt.notebook. vertically. night. night. counterclockwise. counterclockwise. East. Foucault.

November 20, NOTES ES Rotation, Rev, Tilt.notebook. vertically. night. night. counterclockwise. counterclockwise. East. Foucault. NOTES ES, Rev,.notebook, and Rotates on an imaginary axis that runs from the to the South North Pole Pole vertically North The of the axis points to a point in space near day Pole Polaris night Responsible

More information

Chapter 2 Solar and Infrared Radiation

Chapter 2 Solar and Infrared Radiation Chapter 2 Solar and Infrared Radiation Chapter overview: Fluxes Energy transfer Seasonal and daily changes in radiation Surface radiation budget Fluxes Flux (F): The transfer of a quantity per unit area

More information

Earth: the Goldilocks Planet

Earth: the Goldilocks Planet Earth: the Goldilocks Planet Not too hot (460 C) Fig. 3-1 Not too cold (-55 C) Wave properties: Wavelength, velocity, and? Fig. 3-2 Reviewing units: Wavelength = distance (meters or nanometers, etc.) Velocity

More information

Energy, Temperature, & Heat. Energy, Temperature, & Heat. Temperature Scales 1/17/11

Energy, Temperature, & Heat. Energy, Temperature, & Heat. Temperature Scales 1/17/11 Energy, Temperature, & Heat Energy is the ability to do work (push, pull, lift) on some form of matter. Chapter 2 Potential energy is the potential for work (mass x gravity x height) Kinetic energy is

More information

Lecture 2: Global Energy Cycle

Lecture 2: Global Energy Cycle Lecture 2: Global Energy Cycle Planetary energy balance Greenhouse Effect Selective absorption Vertical energy balance Solar Flux and Flux Density Solar Luminosity (L) the constant flux of energy put out

More information

Solar Flux and Flux Density. Lecture 2: Global Energy Cycle. Solar Energy Incident On the Earth. Solar Flux Density Reaching Earth

Solar Flux and Flux Density. Lecture 2: Global Energy Cycle. Solar Energy Incident On the Earth. Solar Flux Density Reaching Earth Lecture 2: Global Energy Cycle Solar Flux and Flux Density Planetary energy balance Greenhouse Effect Selective absorption Vertical energy balance Solar Luminosity (L) the constant flux of energy put out

More information

Chapter 3. Multiple Choice Questions

Chapter 3. Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 3 Multiple Choice Questions 1. In the case of electromagnetic energy, an object that is hot: a. radiates much more energy than a cool object b. radiates much less energy than a cool object c. radiates

More information

The Atmosphere: Structure and Temperature

The Atmosphere: Structure and Temperature Chapter The Atmosphere: Structure and Temperature Geologists have uncovered evidence of when Earth was first able to support oxygenrich atmosphere similar to what we experience today and more so, take

More information

Composition, Structure and Energy. ATS 351 Lecture 2 September 14, 2009

Composition, Structure and Energy. ATS 351 Lecture 2 September 14, 2009 Composition, Structure and Energy ATS 351 Lecture 2 September 14, 2009 Composition of the Atmosphere Atmospheric Properties Temperature Pressure Wind Moisture (i.e. water vapor) Density Temperature A measure

More information

Sunlight and its Properties Part I. EE 446/646 Y. Baghzouz

Sunlight and its Properties Part I. EE 446/646 Y. Baghzouz Sunlight and its Properties Part I EE 446/646 Y. Baghzouz The Sun a Thermonuclear Furnace The sun is a hot sphere of gas whose internal temperatures reach over 20 million deg. K. Nuclear fusion reaction

More information

Seasonal & Diurnal Temp Variations. Earth-Sun Distance. Eccentricity 2/2/2010. ATS351 Lecture 3

Seasonal & Diurnal Temp Variations. Earth-Sun Distance. Eccentricity 2/2/2010. ATS351 Lecture 3 Seasonal & Diurnal Temp Variations ATS351 Lecture 3 Earth-Sun Distance Change in distance has only a minimal effect on seasonal temperature. Note that during the N. hemisphere winter, we are CLOSER to

More information

Energy: Warming the earth and Atmosphere. air temperature. Overview of the Earth s Atmosphere 9/10/2012. Composition. Chapter 3.

Energy: Warming the earth and Atmosphere. air temperature. Overview of the Earth s Atmosphere 9/10/2012. Composition. Chapter 3. Overview of the Earth s Atmosphere Composition 99% of the atmosphere is within 30km of the Earth s surface. N 2 78% and O 2 21% The percentages represent a constant amount of gas but cycles of destruction

More information

- matter-energy interactions. - global radiation balance. Further Reading: Chapter 04 of the text book. Outline. - shortwave radiation balance

- matter-energy interactions. - global radiation balance. Further Reading: Chapter 04 of the text book. Outline. - shortwave radiation balance (1 of 12) Further Reading: Chapter 04 of the text book Outline - matter-energy interactions - shortwave radiation balance - longwave radiation balance - global radiation balance (2 of 12) Previously, we

More information

Earth s Energy Budget: How Is the Temperature of Earth Controlled?

Earth s Energy Budget: How Is the Temperature of Earth Controlled? 1 NAME Investigation 2 Earth s Energy Budget: How Is the Temperature of Earth Controlled? Introduction As you learned from the reading, the balance between incoming energy from the sun and outgoing energy

More information

Name(s) Period Date. Earth s Energy Budget: How Is the Temperature of Earth Controlled?

Name(s) Period Date. Earth s Energy Budget: How Is the Temperature of Earth Controlled? Name(s) Period Date 1 Introduction Earth s Energy Budget: How Is the Temperature of Earth Controlled? As you learned from the reading, the balance between incoming energy from the sun and outgoing energy

More information

Lecture 4: Heat, and Radiation

Lecture 4: Heat, and Radiation Lecture 4: Heat, and Radiation Heat Heat is a transfer of energy from one object to another. Heat makes things warmer. Heat is measured in units called calories. A calorie is the heat (energy) required

More information

Earth is tilted (oblique) on its Axis!

Earth is tilted (oblique) on its Axis! MONDAY AM Radiation, Atmospheric Greenhouse Effect Earth's orbit around the Sun is slightly elliptical (not circular) Seasons & Days Why do we have seasons? Why aren't seasonal temperatures highest at

More information

Spectrum of Radiation. Importance of Radiation Transfer. Radiation Intensity and Wavelength. Lecture 3: Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Climate

Spectrum of Radiation. Importance of Radiation Transfer. Radiation Intensity and Wavelength. Lecture 3: Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Climate Lecture 3: Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Climate Radiation Intensity and Wavelength frequency Planck s constant Solar and infrared radiation selective absorption and emission Selective absorption

More information

Lecture 3: Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Climate

Lecture 3: Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Climate Lecture 3: Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Climate Solar and infrared radiation selective absorption and emission Selective absorption and emission Cloud and radiation Radiative-convective equilibrium

More information

Lecture Outline. Energy 9/25/12

Lecture Outline. Energy 9/25/12 Introduction to Climatology GEOGRAPHY 300 Solar Radiation and the Seasons Tom Giambelluca University of Hawai i at Mānoa Lauren Kaiser 09/05/2012 Geography 300 Lecture Outline Energy Potential and Kinetic

More information

Global Energy Balance. GEOG/ENST 2331: Lecture 4 Ahrens: Chapter 2

Global Energy Balance. GEOG/ENST 2331: Lecture 4 Ahrens: Chapter 2 Global Energy Balance GEOG/ENST 2331: Lecture 4 Ahrens: Chapter 2 Solstices and Equinoxes Winter Solstice was on December 21 last year 8 hours 22 minutes of daylight March (Vernal) Equinox: March 20 this

More information

Topic 5 Practice Test

Topic 5 Practice Test Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the diagram below, which represents the greenhouse effect in which heat energy is trapped in Earth's atmosphere 1. The Earth surface that best absorbs short-wave

More information

NATS 101 Section 13: Lecture 7. The Seasons

NATS 101 Section 13: Lecture 7. The Seasons NATS 101 Section 13: Lecture 7 The Seasons The Importance of Seasons The seasons govern both natural and human patterns of behavior. Some big and small examples: Planting and harvesting of crops Migratory

More information

Directed Reading. Section: Solar Energy and the Atmosphere RADIATION. identical point on the next wave. waves

Directed Reading. Section: Solar Energy and the Atmosphere RADIATION. identical point on the next wave. waves Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: Solar Energy and the Atmosphere 1. How is Earth s atmosphere heated? 2. Name the two primary sources of heat in the atmosphere. RADIATION In the space provided,

More information

Introduction to Electromagnetic Radiation and Radiative Transfer

Introduction to Electromagnetic Radiation and Radiative Transfer Introduction to Electromagnetic Radiation and Radiative Transfer Temperature Dice Results Visible light, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), X-rays, γ-rays, microwaves, and radio are all forms of electromagnetic

More information

atmospheric influences on insolation & the fate of solar radiation interaction of terrestrial radiation with atmospheric gases

atmospheric influences on insolation & the fate of solar radiation interaction of terrestrial radiation with atmospheric gases Goals for today: 19 Sept., 2011 Finish Ch 2 Solar Radiation & the Seasons Start Ch 3 Energy Balance & Temperature Ch 3 will take us through: atmospheric influences on insolation & the fate of solar radiation

More information

ESS15 Lecture 7. The Greenhouse effect.

ESS15 Lecture 7. The Greenhouse effect. ESS15 Lecture 7 The Greenhouse effect. Housekeeping. First midterm is in one week. Open book, open notes. Covers material through end of Friday s lecture Including today s lecture (greenhouse effect) And

More information

The Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change

The Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change The Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change This image sequence shows the dramatic retreat of the Franz Josef glacier (New Zealand) from 1951 to 1964. There are several natural causes of climate change and

More information

( 1 d 2 ) (Inverse Square law);

( 1 d 2 ) (Inverse Square law); ATMO 336 -- Exam 3 120 total points including take-home essay Name The following equations and relationships may prove useful. F d1 =F d2 d 2 2 ( 1 d 2 ) (Inverse Square law);! MAX = 0.29 " 104 µmk (Wien's

More information

GE510 Physical Principles of the Envt

GE510 Physical Principles of the Envt GE510 Physical Principles of the Envt Earth s Energy Balance: 1. Types and key properties of energy 2. Blackbody radiation revisited and Wein s displacement law 3. Transformations of the sun s radiant

More information

Chapter 3- Energy Balance and Temperature

Chapter 3- Energy Balance and Temperature Chapter 3- Energy Balance and Temperature Understanding Weather and Climate Aguado and Burt Influences on Insolation Absorption Reflection/Scattering Transmission 1 Absorption An absorber gains energy

More information

Page 1. Name:

Page 1. Name: Name: 1) What is the primary reason New York State is warmer in July than in February? A) The altitude of the noon Sun is greater in February. B) The insolation in New York is greater in July. C) The Earth

More information

Earth-Sun Relationships. The Reasons for the Seasons

Earth-Sun Relationships. The Reasons for the Seasons Earth-Sun Relationships The Reasons for the Seasons Solar Radiation The earth intercepts less than one two-billionth of the energy given off by the sun. However, the radiation is sufficient to provide

More information

2/22/ Atmospheric Characteristics

2/22/ Atmospheric Characteristics 17.1 Atmospheric Characteristics Atmosphere: the gaseous layer that surrounds the Earth I. In the past, gases came from volcanic eruptions A. Water vapor was a major component of outgassing B. Other gases

More information

Earth s Heat Budget. What causes the seasons? Seasons

Earth s Heat Budget. What causes the seasons? Seasons Earth s Heat Budget Solar energy and the global heat budget Transfer of heat drives weather and climate Ocean circulation A. Rotation of the Earth B. Distance from the Sun C. Variations of Earth s orbit

More information

Name... Class... Date...

Name... Class... Date... Radiation and temperature Specification reference: P6.3 Black body radiation (physics only) Aims This is an activity that has been designed to help you improve your literacy skills. In this activity you

More information

Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation Chapter 5. What is light? What is a wave? Radiation carries information

Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation Chapter 5. What is light? What is a wave? Radiation carries information Concepts: Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation Chapter 5 Electromagnetic waves Types of spectra Temperature Blackbody radiation Dual nature of radiation Atomic structure Interaction of light and matter

More information

The inputs and outputs of energy within the earth-atmosphere system that determines the net energy available for surface processes is the Energy

The inputs and outputs of energy within the earth-atmosphere system that determines the net energy available for surface processes is the Energy Energy Balance The inputs and outputs of energy within the earth-atmosphere system that determines the net energy available for surface processes is the Energy Balance Electromagnetic Radiation Electromagnetic

More information

Lecture 2 Global and Zonal-mean Energy Balance

Lecture 2 Global and Zonal-mean Energy Balance Lecture 2 Global and Zonal-mean Energy Balance A zero-dimensional view of the planet s energy balance RADIATIVE BALANCE Roughly 70% of the radiation received from the Sun at the top of Earth s atmosphere

More information

The following terms are some of the vocabulary that students should be familiar with in order to fully master this lesson.

The following terms are some of the vocabulary that students should be familiar with in order to fully master this lesson. Lesson 211: EARTH'S SEASONS Students learn the complex geometry and planetary motions that cause Earth to have four distinct seasons. Fundamental Questions Attempting to give thorough and reasonable answers

More information

Kinds of Energy. Defining Energy is Hard! EXPLAIN: 1. Energy and Radiation. Conservation of Energy. Sco; Denning CSU ESMEI ATS 1

Kinds of Energy. Defining Energy is Hard! EXPLAIN: 1. Energy and Radiation. Conservation of Energy. Sco; Denning CSU ESMEI ATS 1 Defining Energy is Hard! EXPLAIN: 1. Energy and Radiation Energy is the capacity to perform work (but physicists have a special definition for work, too!) Part of the trouble is that scientists have appropriated

More information

Lecture #03. January 20, 2010, Wednesday

Lecture #03. January 20, 2010, Wednesday Lecture #03 January 20, 2010, Wednesday Causes of Earth s Seasons Earth-Sun geometry Day length Solar angle (beam spread) Atmospheric beam depletion Shape and Size of the Earth North Pole E Geoid: not

More information

ATM S 111: Global Warming Solar Radiation. Jennifer Fletcher Day 2: June

ATM S 111: Global Warming Solar Radiation. Jennifer Fletcher Day 2: June ATM S 111: Global Warming Solar Radiation Jennifer Fletcher Day 2: June 22 2010 Yesterday We Asked What factors influence climate at a given place? Sunshine (and latitude) Topography/mountains Proximity

More information

2. Energy Balance. 1. All substances radiate unless their temperature is at absolute zero (0 K). Gases radiate at specific frequencies, while solids

2. Energy Balance. 1. All substances radiate unless their temperature is at absolute zero (0 K). Gases radiate at specific frequencies, while solids I. Radiation 2. Energy Balance 1. All substances radiate unless their temperature is at absolute zero (0 K). Gases radiate at specific frequencies, while solids radiate at many Click frequencies, to edit

More information

Monday 9 September, :30-11:30 Class#03

Monday 9 September, :30-11:30 Class#03 Monday 9 September, 2013 10:30-11:30 Class#03 Topics for the hour Solar zenith angle & relationship to albedo Blackbody spectra Stefan-Boltzman Relationship Layer model of atmosphere OLR, Outgoing longwave

More information

AT350 EXAM #1 September 23, 2003

AT350 EXAM #1 September 23, 2003 AT350 EXAM #1 September 23, 2003 Name and ID: Enter your name and student ID number on the answer sheet and on this exam. Record your answers to the questions by using a No. 2 pencil to completely fill

More information

The Nature of Light I: Electromagnetic Waves Spectra Kirchoff s Laws Temperature Blackbody radiation

The Nature of Light I: Electromagnetic Waves Spectra Kirchoff s Laws Temperature Blackbody radiation The Nature of Light I: Electromagnetic Waves Spectra Kirchoff s Laws Temperature Blackbody radiation Electromagnetic Radiation (How we get most of our information about the cosmos) Examples of electromagnetic

More information

INTRODUCTION Radiation differs from conduction and convection in that it does not require the presence of a material medium to take place.

INTRODUCTION Radiation differs from conduction and convection in that it does not require the presence of a material medium to take place. RADIATION INTRODUCTION Radiation differs from conduction and convection in that it does not require the presence of a material medium to take place. Radiation: The energy emitted by matter in the form

More information

Earth: A Dynamic Planet A. Solar and terrestrial radiation

Earth: A Dynamic Planet A. Solar and terrestrial radiation Earth: A Dynamic Planet A Aims To understand the basic energy forms and principles of energy transfer To understand the differences between short wave and long wave radiation. To appreciate that the wavelength

More information

Chapter 2: The global ledger of radiation and heat

Chapter 2: The global ledger of radiation and heat Chapter 2: The global ledger of radiation and heat PROPERTIES OF RADIATION Everything radiates at all wavelengths! This includes the Sun, Earth, a candy bar, even us Fortunately, most objects don t radiate

More information

Chapter 5 Light and Matter: Reading Messages from the Cosmos

Chapter 5 Light and Matter: Reading Messages from the Cosmos Chapter 5 Light and Matter: Reading Messages from the Cosmos 5.1 Light in Everyday Life Our goals for learning How do we experience light? How do light and matter interact? How do we experience light?

More information

Science Chapter 13,14,15

Science Chapter 13,14,15 Science 1206 Chapter 13,14,15 1 Weather dynamics is the study of how the motion of water and air causes weather patterns. Energy from the Sun drives the motion of clouds, air, and water. Earth s tilt at

More information

Radiation in the atmosphere

Radiation in the atmosphere Radiation in the atmosphere Flux and intensity Blackbody radiation in a nutshell Solar constant Interaction of radiation with matter Absorption of solar radiation Scattering Radiative transfer Irradiance

More information

Temperature Scales

Temperature Scales TEMPERATURE is a measure of the internal heat energy of a substance. The molecules that make up all matter are in constant motion. By internal heat energy, we really mean this random molecular motion.

More information

Physical Geography 1st Exam

Physical Geography 1st Exam Physical Geography 1st Exam 1. What is the difference between physical and cultural geography? a. Physical geography primarily involves the study of social science, whereas cultural geography primarily

More information

1. Weather and climate.

1. Weather and climate. Lecture 31. Introduction to climate and climate change. Part 1. Objectives: 1. Weather and climate. 2. Earth s radiation budget. 3. Clouds and radiation field. Readings: Turco: p. 320-349; Brimblecombe:

More information

Topic # 12 Natural Climate Processes

Topic # 12 Natural Climate Processes Topic # 12 Natural Climate Processes A Primer on How the Energy Balance Drives Atmospheric & Oceanic Circulation, Natural Climatic Processes pp 63-68 in Class Notes RADIATION / ENERGY BALANCE Radiation

More information

Insolation and Temperature variation. The Sun & Insolation. The Sun (cont.) The Sun

Insolation and Temperature variation. The Sun & Insolation. The Sun (cont.) The Sun Insolation and Temperature variation Atmosphere: blanket of air surrounding earth Without our atmosphere: cold, quiet, cratered place Dynamic: currents and circulation cells June 23, 2008 Atmosphere important

More information

- global radiative energy balance

- global radiative energy balance (1 of 14) Further Reading: Chapter 04 of the text book Outline - global radiative energy balance - insolation and climatic regimes - composition of the atmosphere (2 of 14) Introduction Last time we discussed

More information

Electromagnetic Radiation. Physical Principles of Remote Sensing

Electromagnetic Radiation. Physical Principles of Remote Sensing Electromagnetic Radiation Physical Principles of Remote Sensing Outline for 4/3/2003 Properties of electromagnetic radiation The electromagnetic spectrum Spectral emissivity Radiant temperature vs. kinematic

More information

Preface to the Second Edition. Preface to the First Edition

Preface to the Second Edition. Preface to the First Edition Contents Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition iii v 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Relevance for Climate and Weather........... 1 1.1.1 Solar Radiation.................. 2 1.1.2 Thermal Infrared

More information

COURSE CLIMATE SCIENCE A SHORT COURSE AT THE ROYAL INSTITUTION

COURSE CLIMATE SCIENCE A SHORT COURSE AT THE ROYAL INSTITUTION COURSE CLIMATE SCIENCE A SHORT COURSE AT THE ROYAL INSTITUTION DATE 4 JUNE 2014 LEADER CHRIS BRIERLEY Course Outline 1. Current climate 2. Changing climate 3. Future climate change 4. Consequences 5. Human

More information

HEAT, TEMPERATURE, AND ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION

HEAT, TEMPERATURE, AND ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION CHAPTER 4 HEAT, TEMPERATURE, AND ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Heat is *a. the name given to the energy transferred between objects at different temperatures. b. the equivalent of

More information

Today. Spectra. Thermal Radiation. Wien s Law. Stefan-Boltzmann Law. Kirchoff s Laws. Emission and Absorption. Spectra & Composition

Today. Spectra. Thermal Radiation. Wien s Law. Stefan-Boltzmann Law. Kirchoff s Laws. Emission and Absorption. Spectra & Composition Today Spectra Thermal Radiation Wien s Law Stefan-Boltzmann Law Kirchoff s Laws Emission and Absorption Spectra & Composition Spectrum Originally, the range of colors obtained by passing sunlight through

More information

Glaciology HEAT BUDGET AND RADIATION

Glaciology HEAT BUDGET AND RADIATION HEAT BUDGET AND RADIATION A Heat Budget 1 Black body radiation Definition. A perfect black body is defined as a body that absorbs all radiation that falls on it. The intensity of radiation emitted by a

More information

ATMOSPHERIC ENERGY and GLOBAL TEMPERATURES. Physical Geography (Geog. 300) Prof. Hugh Howard American River College

ATMOSPHERIC ENERGY and GLOBAL TEMPERATURES. Physical Geography (Geog. 300) Prof. Hugh Howard American River College ATMOSPHERIC ENERGY and GLOBAL TEMPERATURES Physical Geography (Geog. 300) Prof. Hugh Howard American River College RADIATION FROM the SUN SOLAR RADIATION Primarily shortwave (UV-SIR) Insolation Incoming

More information

Course Outline CLIMATE SCIENCE A SHORT COURSE AT THE ROYAL INSTITUTION. 1. Current climate. 2. Changing climate. 3. Future climate change

Course Outline CLIMATE SCIENCE A SHORT COURSE AT THE ROYAL INSTITUTION. 1. Current climate. 2. Changing climate. 3. Future climate change COURSE CLIMATE SCIENCE A SHORT COURSE AT THE ROYAL INSTITUTION DATE 4 JUNE 2014 LEADER CHRIS BRIERLEY Course Outline 1. Current climate 2. Changing climate 3. Future climate change 4. Consequences 5. Human

More information

Name Period 4 th Six Weeks Notes 2013 Weather

Name Period 4 th Six Weeks Notes 2013 Weather Name Period 4 th Six Weeks Notes 2013 Weather Radiation Convection Currents Winds Jet Streams Energy from the Sun reaches Earth as electromagnetic waves This energy fuels all life on Earth including the

More information

C) wavelength C) eastern horizon B) the angle of insolation is high B) increases, only D) thermosphere D) receive low-angle insolation

C) wavelength C) eastern horizon B) the angle of insolation is high B) increases, only D) thermosphere D) receive low-angle insolation 1. What is the basic difference between ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation? A) half-life B) temperature C) wavelength D) wave velocity 2. In New York State, the risk of sunburn is greatest between

More information

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Physics Problem Solving 10: The Greenhouse Effect. Section Table and Group

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Physics Problem Solving 10: The Greenhouse Effect. Section Table and Group MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Physics 8.02 Problem Solving 10: The Greenhouse Effect Section Table and Group Names Hand in one copy per group at the end of the Friday Problem Solving

More information

What causes Earth to have seasons?

What causes Earth to have seasons? Seasons What causes Earth to have seasons? The distance to Earth does NOT cause seasons seasons are caused by : 1. the tilt of the earth on its axis (23.5 degrees) 2.revolution of earth around the sun

More information

Aim: What causes Seasons?

Aim: What causes Seasons? Notepack 28 Aim: What causes Seasons? Do Now: What is the difference between revolution and rotation? Earth s rotation The Earth rotates on its axis (imaginary vertical line around which Earth spins) every

More information