Net Radiation Incident at the Surface

Transcription

1 EO 02 SURFAE ENERY FLUXES Nt Rditio Icidt t th Sufc R = K 1α εl εσ K L Vg Ly Soil αk εl εσ 1

2 Vticl mtu Pofil Vticl mtu Pofil 2

3 Soil t Flux Uwd d dowwd coductio of ibl ht Div by vticl tmtu gdit i oil Modultd by oil thml oti Dictio of gdit chg ufc tmtu chg K L αk εl εσ Egy, bo, d Wt Sufc Egy Blc R = K 1α εl εσ = λe K L λe αs εl εσ Not light diffc i ymbol ud fo hotwv ditio d lbdo i th txt: R = S 1 εl εσ = λe Eq i Bo,

4 Egy, bo, d Wt Sufc Egy Blc R = λe K L λe αk εl εσ Egy, bo, d Wt Sufc Egy Blc Ov 2-h iod = ~0 R = λe λe R Egy Ptitioig

5 lobl Egy Blc lobl Egy Blc 5

6 Rgiol Egy Blc Diul ycl 6

7 Diul ycl Diul ycl 7

8 Egy Blc Ltt t of Voiztio λ = 2.5 x 106 J kg-1 t 20º cll tht w = 186 J kg-1 K-1; i.., it tk bout 586 tim much gy to vot kg of wt it do to i it tmtu by 1º Exml fom th book: yicl umm v. t: 5 mm dy Wt dity: 1000 kg m-3 5 mm = 5 kg qu mt 5 kg 1 dy J W = 12 m 2 dy 8600 kg m2 8

9 Ltt t of Voiztio λ = 2.5 x 10 6 J kg -1 t 20º Aoth wy of ttig th ltt ht of voiztio: h mout of ltt ht flux mm/dy of v: λ = W m -2 mm dy -1 Exml: E = 5 mm dy: λe = 5 mm dy -1 x W m -2 mm dy -1 = 11.8 W m -2 b λe = 110 W m -2 : E = 110 W m -2 / W m -2 mm dy -1 = 3.88 mm dy -1 Sufc Egy Blc Rcll tht i it imlt fom, th ufc gy blc c b xd : R = λe At th M S ttio i oth hild, R vgd 150 W m -2 duig uy iod i Mch. Aumig i oitiv, λe mut b l th 150 W m -2, i.. E mut b l th 5.3 mm dy -1 9

10 Sufc Egy Blc hild: 25-y Sc. Vg. R = 11 W m -2 = 0 W m -2 λe = 168 W m -2 = -27 W m -2 Bzil: B Soil Kd 900 hild: 25-y Scody Vgttio Kd R E :00 :00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 0: R E :00 :00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 0:00 Bzil: B Soil R = 102 W m -2 = -3 W m -2 λe = 55 W m -2 = 50 W m -2 M gy flux. Sufc Egy Blc Sit Kd R λe dy ll dy ll dy ll dy ll dy ll Bzil W m Slhd vgttio b Bud lh c B oil dmtu cv Uud tu f 1/2 y. Scody vgttio g1-y Scody Vgttio h1-y Scody vgttio i 2-y Scody vgttio j 2-y Scody vgttio k10-y Scody vgttio hild l vtd bly m Fllow ic ddy Iigtd b oil o 2-y Scody vgttio y Scody vgttio q 8-y Scody vgttio y Scody vgttio Dy f to 12-hou iod 6:00-18:00 10

11 M gy flux. Sufc Egy Blc Sit R E dy ll dy ll dy ll dy ll hild l vtd bly m Fllow ic ddy Iigtd b oil o 2-y Scody vg y Scody vg q 8-y Scody vg y Scody vg Dy f to 12-hou iod 6:00-18:00 Sufc Egy Blc o iclud oil ht flux ffct o th diul d ul cycl, th ufc gy blc c b xd : o: R = λe R = λe 11

12 Bow Rtio O wy to dcib th titioig of gy btw d LE m λe i by tkig th tio clld th Bow Rtio: β = LE igh vlu of β idict tictio o th votitio oc, i.. limitd wt vilbility. Low vlu of β idict utictd votio, i.. budc wt vilbility. Bow Rtio β = LE W ll lt tht th Bow Rtio c b iddtly timtd fom mumt of th vticl gdit of i tmtu d humidity. With iddt timt of β, d mumt of R d, LE c b timtd : LE = R 1 β 12

13 Bow Rtio β = LE Aid gio chctizd by high Bow Rtio vlu, bcu limitd vilbl wt tict votio. Wt bodi d ld with budc ciittio d vgttio cov hv low Bow Rtio vlu. β > 3 β < 0.5 Bow Rtio ß of Dfotd Sit i Bzil d hild ß = /LE Bow Rtio Slhd vgttio b Bud lh c B oil d Mtu cv Uud tu f 1/2-y Scody vgttio g 1-y Scody vgttio h 1-y Scody vgttio i 2-y Scody vgttio j 2-y Scody vgttio k 10-y Scody vgttio l vtd bly m Fllow ic ddy Iigtd b oil o 2-y Scody vgttio 3-y Scody vgttio q 8-y Scody vgttio 25-y Scody vgttio Bzil hild 13

14 Egy Blc Modl R = J λe Nt Rditio Soil t Flux Biom d Ai Ly t Stog Flux Sibl t Flux Ltt t Flux Nt Rditio vtig ow to th ymbol ud i th txt R = S ε L σ 1 Extl Focig Vibl Dowwd hotwv ditio Dowwd logwv ditio h vibl tim-ddt d mut b obtid vi fild mumt o climt modl imultio. 1

15 Nt Rditio R = S ε L σ 1 Sufc Pmt d Stt Vibl Albdo mt Emiivity mt Sufc tmtu tt vibl Albdo d miivity dd mily o th ty of ufc. h ufc tmtu i cotolld by th gy blc. Nt Rditio R = S ε L σ 1 Albdo Sufc Albdo Ntul Fh ow Old ow Dt lci Soil old ld Dciduou fot oifou fot Wt Sufc Albdo Ub Rod Roof Wll Pit Whit Rd, bow, g Blck

16 Nt Rditio R = S ε L σ 1 Emiivity 8-12 µm Sufc Ntul Oc 0.99 Emiivity Fh ow Mltig ow 0.99 Dt 0.90 Dy t oil Wt t oil Dy fi d 0.99 Wt fi d hick g g hi g g o wt cly oil Dciduou fot oifou fot Sufc Emiivity Ub Ahlt 0.93 oct 0.85 Roof 0.91 Pit 0.96 Nt Rditio R = S ε L σ 1 Sufc mtu h ufc tmtu could b divd fom fild mumt o timtd uig gy blc modl. 16

17 Fild Mumt Aoch: Δd S = t = oil ht flux t th ufcw m fc fc 8cm 8cm = oil ht flux mud t 8 cm dth W m Δ = chg i oil tmtuk = ht ccity of th moit oil = S d = dth of oil ly m t = tim itvl Soil t Flux -2-2 O: Modl Simultio Aoch: d S = K = K dz wh : -2-1 K = thml coductivity of th oil W m K d dz ufc = th vticl tmtugdit i th oil = ufc tmtuk = tmtu t dth z K z z = dth of ufc z oil ly m z Biom Egy Stog Flux Fild Mumt Aoch: hmocoul to mu tmtu chg i biom d i ly Mumt of humidity ofil Suvy of biom mout d ditibutio O: Modl Simultio Aoch: Simult tmtu gdit withi t tm d oth lt lmt Simult vticl tmtu d humidity ofil Etimt biom mout d ditibutio 17

18 Sibl t Flux = ρ ufc γ = ychomtic "cott" = P ε λ = cific ht of i t cott u = 1005 J kg -1 K -1 P = i u P ε = tio of molcul wight of wt to dy i = λ = ltt ht of voiztio MJ kg 1 = itc to flux of ibl ht dd o wid d d ufc odymic chctitic Ltt t Flux ρ λe = γ [ W ufc ] = vo u of i!" # $ = tutio vo u t th coy ufc tmtu ufc W = itc to flux of wt vo W i imil to, but lo dd o moitu vilbility, i.. oil moitu, lf, tomtl itc 18

19 19 Egy Blc Modl: Likig It All ogth E R = λ z K z ufc = ufc = ρ W ufc E ] [ = γ ρ λ 1 L S R εσ ε = z K L S g W Δ = ] [ 1 γ ρ ρ εσ ε Equtio 13.13, Bo, 2008,. 202

20 S 1 εl = εσ ρ ρ γ [ ] g K Δz W h lft id of th qutio h th two xtl focig tm, bobd ol ditio d bobd logwv ditio. h ight id of th qutio h th ufc o tm. Sufc mtu i ky vibl tht i ll th tm o th ight id of thi qutio. i dtmid by th ufc gy blc d togly ifluc th ufc gy blc tm. od to xtl focig to miti gy blc. Fo giv chg i xtl focig, th cy chg i will dd o ufc chctitic. S 1 εl = εσ ρ ρ γ [ ] g K Δz W hi qutio c b ud ufc gy blc modl. But it cot b olvd lyticlly d om of th mt d vibl my b difficult to mu o timt. 20

21 21 R E = λ E R = λ ufc = ρ Equtio 13.1, Bo, 2008,. 202 R R E = = ρ λ Egy blc qutio: Rg th gy blc qutio: Subtitut th itc fomul fo : ] [ ] [ * * = W E ] [ * = γ ρ λ Equtio 13.16, Bo, 2008,. 202 Stutio vo u t th ufc tmtu c b oximtd : Wh i th lo of th tutio vo u v tmtu cuv. Subtitutig tht ito th itc fomul fo λe: W ufc E ] [ = γ ρ λ Rult i:

22 22 E R λ ρ = W E ] [ * = γ ρ λ R E = ρ λ Eq Rgig Eq. 13.1, w gt: Subtitutig thi xio fo ito Eq , w gt: Rcll: Eq 13.1 ] [ * W R E γ ρ λ = h Pm-Motith Equtio Motith 1965 Equtio 13.18, Bo, 2008,. 202 ] [ * W R E γ ρ λ = * W γ = γ Exio fo d c lo b divd: h Pm-Motith Equtio Motith 1965 Equtio 13.18, Bo, 2008,. 202 * * * * * * ] [ ] [ γ ρ γ γ ρ γ = = R R Equtio 13.19, Bo, 2008,. 202 Equtio 13.20, Bo, 2008,. 203

23 ht 13 Rviw Qutio 1. lcult oil wmig t: Rt 50 W/q m 350 W/q m LE 5 W/q m 55 W/q m ρd J/q m dg d/dt dg / dg /h Rt 600 W/q m 75 W/q m LE 85 W/q m 0 W/q m ρd J/q m dg d/dt dg / dg /h ht 13 Rviw Qutio 2. Dit d wttt it? Bow tio:0.5, 1.0, 6.0 dit, 1.5, 0.2 wttt 3. Pci ul =800 mm Rt ul =70 Wm -2 Egy o wt limit o votio? wt. Ski. 5. Pci dily =8 mm Rt ul =120 Wm -2 Egy o wt limit o votio? gy 23

24 ht 13 Rviw Qutio 6. Fig. 13.7: Why i th LE/Rt lo gt fo toicl ifot th gld? E i limitd t gld it bcu of low ough, low lf, hllow oot, low wt vilbility. Do oblm 7, 8, d 9 t hom. 2