Viscosity. appearance.
|
|
- Lawrence Maxwell
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Viscosity Viscosityit is probably bbl the single most important t property of a hydraulic fluid. It is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. When the viscosity is low, the fluid flows easily and is thin in appearance. A fluid that flows with difficulty has highh viscosity i and is thick in appearance. In reality, the ideal viscosity for a given hydraulic system is a compromise. Too high a viscosity results in 1. High resistance to flow, which causes sluggish operation. 2. Increased power consumption due to frictional losses. 3. Increased pressure drop through valves and lines. 4. High temperatures caused by friction. On the other hand, if the viscosity is too low, the result is l. Increased oil leakage past seals. 2. Excessive wear due to breakdown of the oil film between mating moving parts. These moving parts may be internal components of a pump or a sliding spool inside a valve. 20
2 Viscosity The CGS physical unit for viscosity it or dynamic viscosity it is the poise (P), named after Jean Leonard Marie Poiseuille. It is more commonly expressed, as centipoise (cp). Water at 20 C has a viscosity i of cp. 1 P = 0.1 Pa s, 1 cp = 1 mpa s = Pa s = N s/m 2. Kinematic Viscosity It has become useful and customary to use kinematic viscosity defined as absolute or dynamic viscosity divided by density. ν = µ/ρ Where the units of ν are m 2 /s (ft 2 /sec). Note that for a gas, the kinematic viscosity will also depend on the pressure since the density is pressure sensitive. 21
3 The SI unit of kinematic viscosity is m 2 /s. The CGS physical unit for kinematic viscosity it is the stokes tk (St), named after George Gabriel Stokes. It is sometimes expressed in terms of centistokes (cst). 1St=1cm 2 s 1 =10 4 m 2 s 1.1cSt=1mm 2 s 1 =10 6 m 2 s 1. Water at 20 C has a kinematic viscosity of about 1 cst. EXAMPLE: Express Ns/m 2 viscocity in cp and cst. Ans: 1cP=1mPa s=1cst Ns/m 2 = 1.65 mpa s = 1.65 cp = 1.65 cst 22
4 Saybolt viscometer The viscosity of a fluid is usually measured by a Saybolt viscometer. Basically, this device consists of an inner chamber containing the sample of oil to be tested. A separate outer compartment, which h completely ltl surrounds the inner chamber, contains a quantity of oil whose temperature is controlled by an electrical thermostat and heater. A standard orifice is located at the bottom of the center oil chamber. 23
5 When the oil sample is at the desired temperature, the time it takes to fill a 60-cm 3 container throughh the metering orifice is then recorded. The time (t), measured in seconds is the viscosity of the oil in Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS). Since a thick liquid flows slowly, its SUS viscosity value will be higher than that for a thin liquid. A relationship exists between the viscosity in SUS and cs. This relationship is provided by the following empirical equations: ν (cs) = 0.226t 195/t, ν (cs) = 0.220t 135/t, t 100 SUS t > 100 SUS where the symbol ν represents the viscosity in cs and t is the viscosity as measure in SUS or simply seconds. 24
6 Capillary tube Viscometer A quick method for determining i the kinematic viscosity it of fluids in cs and absolute viscosity in cp is shown in the figure. This test measures the time it takes for a given amount of fluid to flow through a capillary tube under the force of gravity. The time in seconds is then multiplied by the calibration constant for the viscometer to obtain the kinematic viscosity of the sample fluid in centistokes. 25
7 Viscosity Index Oil becomes thicker as the temperature decreases and thins when heated. Hence, the viscosity of a given oil must be expressed at a specified temperature. For most hydraulic applications, the viscosity normally equals about 150 SUS at 100ºF. Itisingeneral rule of thumb that the viscosity should never fall below 50 SUS or rise above 4000 SUS regardless of the temperature. Where extreme temperature changes are encountered, the fluid should have a high viscosity index. Viscosity index (VI) is a relative measure of an oil's viscosity change with respect to temperature change. An oil having a low VI is one that exhibits a large change in viscosity with temperature change. A high-vi oil is one that has a relatively stable viscosity, which does not change appreciably with temperature change. 26
8 The original VI scale ranged from 0 to 100, representing the poorest to best VI characteristics known at that time. Today, with improved refining techniques and chemical additives oils exist with VI values well above 100. A high-vi oil is a good all-weather-type oil for use with outdoor machines operating in extreme temperature swings. This is where viscosity index is especially significant. For a hydraulic system where the oil temperature does not change appreciably, the viscosity index of the fluid is not as critical. The VI of any hydraulic oil can be found by using 27
9 The VI of an unknown-vi oil is determined from tests. A reference oil of 0 VI and a reference oil of 100 VI are selected, each of which has uniquely the same viscosity at 210ºF as the unknown-vi oil. The viscosities of the three oils are then measured at 100ºF to give values for L, U, and H. The change in viscosity of an oil as a function of temp. is represented by a straight line on an American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard viscosity temperature charts. 28
10 Pour Point Another characteristic relating to viscosity is called the pour point, which is the lowest temperature at which a fluid will flow. It is a very important parameter to specify for hydraulic systems that will be exposed to extremely low temperatures. As a rule of thumb, the pour point should be at least 20ºF below the lowest temperature to be experienced by the hydraulic system. 29
Dynamic (absolute) Viscosity
Viscosity Taken from: http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/dynamic-absolute-kinematic-viscosity-d_412.html The viscosity of a fluid is an important property in the analysis of liquid behavior and fluid motion
More informationHydraulic Fundamentals Hydraulics Definition Advent of Oil Hydraulics Pascal s Law Pressure
Fluidsys Training Centre, Bangalore offers an extensive range of skill-based and industry-relevant courses in the field of Pneumatics and Hydraulics. For more details, please visit the website: https://fluidsys.org
More informationCustom Search Sponsored Links
Dynamic, Absolute and Kinematic Viscosity An introduction to dynamic, absolute and kinematic viscosity and how to convert between CentiStokes (cst), CentiPoises (cp), Saybolt Universal Seconds (SSU), degree
More informationLecture Slides. Chapter 12. Lubrication and Journal Bearings
Lecture Slides Chapter 12 Lubrication and Journal Bearings The McGraw-Hill Companies 2012 Chapter Outline Types of Lubrication Hydrodynamic Hydrostatic Elastohydrodynamic Boundary Solid film Viscosity
More informationCOURSE NUMBER: ME 321 Fluid Mechanics I. Fluid: Concept and Properties
COURSE NUMBER: ME 321 Fluid Mechanics I Fluid: Concept and Properties Course teacher Dr. M. Mahbubur Razzaque Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering BUET 1 What is Fluid Mechanics? Fluid mechanics
More informationUniversal Viscosity Curve Theory
TM Universal Viscosity Curve Theory Turbine Flow Meters and Flow Viscosity Introduction Like any transducer, a turbine flow meter is sensitive to physical parameters other than the one which is of interest.
More informationViscosity * Desmond Schipper Andrew R. Barron. 1 Introduction
OpenStax-CNX module: m50215 1 Viscosity * Desmond Schipper Andrew R. Barron This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 Abstract This module discusses
More informationLecture 4. Lab this week: Cartridge valves Flow divider Properties of Hydraulic Fluids. Lab 8 Sequencing circuit Lab 9 Flow divider
91 Lecture 4 Lab this week: Lab 8 Sequencing circuit Lab 9 Flow divider Cartridge valves Flow divider Properties of Hydraulic Fluids Viscosity friction and leakage Bulk modulus Inertance Cartridge Valves
More informationLecture 5. Labs this week: Please review ME3281 Systems materials! Viscosity and pressure drop analysis Fluid Bulk modulus Fluid Inertance
Labs this week: Lab 10: Sequencing circuit Lecture 5 Lab 11/12: Asynchronous/Synchronous and Parallel/Tandem Operations Please review ME3281 Systems materials! 132 Viscosity and pressure drop analysis
More informationHomework of chapter (1) (Solution)
بسم اهلل الرمحن الرحيم The Islamic University of Gaza, Civil Engineering Department, Fluid mechanics-discussion, Instructor: Dr. Khalil M. Al Astal T.A: Eng. Mohammed H El Nazli Eng. Sarah R Rostom First
More informationIntroduction to Fluid Flow
Introduction to Fluid Flow Learning Outcomes After this lecture you should be able to Explain viscosity and how it changes with temperature Write the continuity equation Define laminar and turbulent flow
More informationNon Newtonian Fluid Dynamics
PDHonline Course M417 (3 PDH) Non Newtonian Fluid Dynamics Instructor: Paul G. Conley, PE 2012 PDH Online PDH Center 5272 Meadow Estates Drive Fairfax, VA 22030-6658 Phone & Fax: 703-988-0088 www.pdhonline.org
More informationHYDRAULICS STAFF SELECTION COMMISSION CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDY MATERIAL HYDRAULICS
1 STAFF SELECTION COMMISSION CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDY MATERIAL Syllabus Hydraulics ( Fluid Mechanics ) Fluid properties, hydrostatics, measurements of flow, Bernoulli's theorem and its application, flow
More informationPetroleum Engineering Dept. Fluid Mechanics Second Stage Dr. Ahmed K. Alshara
Continents Chapter 1. Fluid Mechanics -Properties of fluids -Density, specific gravity, specific volume and Viscosity -Newtonian and non Newtonian fluids -Surface tension Compressibility -Pressure -Cavitations
More informationBearing Technologies: An Overview
Bearing Technologies: An Overview Dr. H. Hirani Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BOMBAY I.I.T. Bombay 1 I.I.T. Bombay Computer Hard disk with read/write head Tribo-Pair
More informationMiddle East Technical University Department of Mechanical Engineering ME 305 Fluid Mechanics I Fall 2018 Section 4 (Dr.
Reading Assignments Middle East Technical University Department of Mechanical Engineering ME 305 Fluid Mechanics I Fall 2018 Section 4 (Dr. Sert) Study Set 1 You can find the answers of some of the following
More informationMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS:
Important Definitions: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS: Fluid: A substance that can flow is called Fluid Both liquids and gases are fluids Pressure: The normal force acting per unit area of a surface is
More informationAPPENDIX A USEFUL EQUATIONS (METRIC AND IMPERIAL SYSTEMS) THE DEFINITION OF VISCOSITY RHEOLOGICAL (VISCOUS BEHAVIOR) PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS
APPENDIX A USEFUL EQUATIONS (METRIC AND IMPERIAL SYSTEMS) THE DEFINITION OF VISCOSITY RHEOLOGICAL (VISCOUS BEHAVIOR) PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS A APPENDIX A APPENDIX A Flow vs. velocity Specific gravity vs.
More informationSliding Contact Bearings
Sliding Contact Bearings Classification of Bearings 1. According to the direction of load to be supported. The bearings under this group are classified as: (a) Radial bearings (b) Thrust bearings. In radial
More informationLecture 7. Rheology. Hamid Alghurabi. Assistant Lecturer in Pharmaceutics
Physical Pharmacy Lecture 7 Rheology Assistant Lecturer in Pharmaceutics Overview Types of flow Newtonian systems Non-Newtonian systems Thixotropy Definition Applications in formulations Determination
More information11/27/ :00 PM. Chapter 12. Lubrication and Journal Bearings. Dr. Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, PE
Chapter 12 Lubrication and Journal Bearings 1 2 Chapter Outline 1. Types of Lubrication 2. Viscosity 3. Petroff s Equation 4. Stable Lubrication 5. Thick-Film Lubrication 6. Hydrodynamic Theory 7. Design
More informationPetroleum Engineering Department Fluid Mechanics Second Stage Assist Prof. Dr. Ahmed K. Alshara
Continents Petroleum Engineering Department Fluid Mechanics Second Stage Assist Prof. Dr. Ahmed K. Alshara Chapter 1. Fluid Mechanics -Properties of fluids -Density, specific gravity, specific volume and
More informationSliding Bearings. Fig.(1) (a) Full-journal bearing and (b) partial-journal bearing
Sliding Bearings The goal of a bearing is to provide relative positioning and rotational freedom while transmitting a load between two parts, commonly a shaft and its housing. The object of lubrication
More informationMEASUREMENT OF VISCOSITY OF LIQUID
MEASUREMENT OF VISCOSITY OF LIQUID Objectives: To measure the viscosity of sample liquids. Apparatus: (i) Glass tube (ii)steel balls, (iii) Retort stand and clamps, (iv) Weighing balance, (v) Screw gauge,
More informationDepartment of Civil Engineering Hydraulics and Water Resources Division Application and Solution I
Question 1: The Specific weight of water is 1000 /. Using this given value, find the specific mass of water in SI units (g= m/s ). Solution 1: The specific mass of water in SI units: 1 N 1000 m 9810 Nm
More informationCalculation of Pipe Friction Loss
Doc.No. 6122-F3T071 rev.2 Calculation of Pipe Friction Loss Engineering Management Group Development Planning Department Standard Pump Business Division EBARA corporation October 16th, 2013 1 / 33 2 /
More informationSteven Burian Civil & Environmental Engineering September 25, 2013
Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam Mechanics Steven Burian Civil & Environmental Engineering September 25, 2013 s and FE Morning ( Mechanics) A. Flow measurement 7% of FE Morning B. properties Session
More informationn = Kinematic viscosity (cst) SG = specific gravity or 1 Poise = 100 cp 1 Stoke = 100 cst Q = capacity (m 3 /s) A = tube area (m 2 ) or
Fmulas Designation Fmula Comments Product Viscosity n = m r n = Kinematic viscosity (mm /s) m = Absolute viscosity (mpa.s) n = m SG n = Kinematic viscosity (cst) m = Absolute viscosity (cp) m = n SG 1
More informationDesign and Modeling of Fluid Power Systems ME 597/ABE Lecture 7
Systems ME 597/ABE 591 - Lecture 7 Dr. Monika Ivantysynova MAHA Professor Fluid Power Systems MAHA Fluid Power Research Center Purdue University Content of 6th lecture The lubricating gap as a basic design
More informationPUMP SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND SIZING. BY JACQUES CHAURETTE p. eng.
PUMP SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND SIZING BY JACQUES CHAURETTE p. eng. 5 th Edition February 2003 Published by Fluide Design Inc. www.fluidedesign.com Copyright 1994 I TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Symbols Chapter
More informationNorthern Lesson 2 Gear Pump Terminology. Gear Pump 101. Lesson 2: Gear Pump Terminology. When your reputation depends on it!
Gear Pump 101 Lesson 2: Gear Pump Terminology When your reputation depends on it! Symbol Term Metric Unit Abbreviation US Customary Unit Abbreviation Conversion factor a A Area square millimeter mm2 square
More informationStream line, turbulent flow and Viscosity of liquids - Poiseuille s Method
Stream line, turbulent flow and Viscosity of liquids - Poiseuille s Method Dr D. Arun Kumar Assistant Professor Department of Physical Sciences Bannari Amman Institute of Technology Sathyamangalam General
More informationFluids and their Properties
Chapter (1) Fluids and their Properties Dr. KHALIL MAHMOUD ALASTAL Eng.Mohammed AbuRahma Eng.Reem Sbaih 2017 Newton s Law of Viscosity: - / Non-Newtonian Fluids: - Mass Density: - / Specific weight: -
More informationHydroelectric Design
INTERAMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF BAYAMON PUERTO RICO Hydroelectric Design Dr. Eduardo G. Pérez Díaz Erik T. Rosado González 5/14/2012 Hydroelectric design project for fluid class. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF
More informationPIPING SYSTEMS FOR INDUSTRIAL PLANTS, Part I: Fluid Mechanics, Materials, Piping Systems, Piping Layout
Proyectos Consultoría Formación PIPING SYSTEMS FOR INDUSTRIAL PLANTS, Part I: Fluid Mechanics, Materials, Piping Systems, Piping Layout STUDY NOTES Instructor: Javier Tirenti training@arvengconsulting.com
More informationLECTURE 6- ENERGY LOSSES IN HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS SELF EVALUATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
LECTURE 6- ENERGY LOSSES IN HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS SELF EVALUATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 1. What is the head loss ( in units of bars) across a 30mm wide open gate valve when oil ( SG=0.9) flow through at a
More informationWhat s important: viscosity Poiseuille's law Stokes' law Demo: dissipation in flow through a tube
PHYS 101 Lecture 29x - Viscosity 29x - 1 Lecture 29x Viscosity (extended version) What s important: viscosity Poiseuille's law Stokes' law Demo: dissipation in flow through a tube Viscosity We introduced
More informations and FE X. A. Flow measurement B. properties C. statics D. impulse, and momentum equations E. Pipe and other internal flow 7% of FE Morning Session I
Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam General Section Steven Burian Civil & Environmental Engineering October 26, 2010 s and FE X. A. Flow measurement B. properties C. statics D. impulse, and momentum
More informationNicholas J. Giordano. Chapter 10 Fluids
Nicholas J. Giordano www.cengage.com/physics/giordano Chapter 10 Fluids Fluids A fluid may be either a liquid or a gas Some characteristics of a fluid Flows from one place to another Shape varies according
More informationMeasuring Viscosity. Advanced Higher Physics Investigation. Jakub Srsen SCN: Boroughmuir High School Center Number:
Measuring Viscosity Advanced Higher Physics Investigation Jakub Srsen SCN: 050950891 Boroughmuir High School Center Number: 0 09/02/2009 Contents Introduction 2 Summary 2 Underlying Physics 2 Procedures
More informationCHAPTER-4 EVALUATION OF NANOFLUIDS PROPERTIES
CHAPTER-4 EVALUATION OF NANOFLUIDS PROPERTIES Nanofluids are prepared in different percentages of volume fractions (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1) of Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles in water to obtain the properties
More informationChapter 6. Losses due to Fluid Friction
Chapter 6 Losses due to Fluid Friction 1 Objectives To measure the pressure drop in the straight section of smooth, rough, and packed pipes as a function of flow rate. To correlate this in terms of the
More informationR09. d water surface. Prove that the depth of pressure is equal to p +.
Code No:A109210105 R09 SET-1 B.Tech II Year - I Semester Examinations, December 2011 FLUID MECHANICS (CIVIL ENGINEERING) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75 Answer any five questions All questions carry equal
More informationME 305 Fluid Mechanics I. Part 8 Viscous Flow in Pipes and Ducts. Flow in Pipes and Ducts. Flow in Pipes and Ducts (cont d)
ME 305 Fluid Mechanics I Flow in Pipes and Ducts Flow in closed conduits (circular pipes and non-circular ducts) are very common. Part 8 Viscous Flow in Pipes and Ducts These presentations are prepared
More informationTheory and Fundamental of Fluid Mechanics
1 2 Lecture (1) on Fayoum University Theory and Fundamental of Fluid Mechanics By Dr. Emad M. Saad Mechanical Engineering Dept. Faculty of Engineering Fayoum University Faculty of Engineering Mechanical
More informationMM303 FLUID MECHANICS I PROBLEM SET 1 (CHAPTER 2) FALL v=by 2 =-6 (1/2) 2 = -3/2 m/s
MM303 FLUID MECHANICS I PROBLEM SET 1 (CHAPTER ) FALL 018 1) For the velocity fields given below, determine: i) Whether the flow field is one-, two-, or three-dimensional, and why. ii) Whether the flow
More informationFluid Mechanics-61341
An-Najah National University College of Engineering Fluid Mechanics-61341 Chapter [1] Fundamentals 1 The Book (Elementary Fluid Mechanics by Street, Watters and Vennard) Each chapter includes: Concepts
More informationApplied Fluid Mechanics
Applied Fluid Mechanics 1. The Nature of Fluid and the Study of Fluid Mechanics 2. Viscosity of Fluid 3. Pressure Measurement 4. Forces Due to Static Fluid 5. Buoyancy and Stability 6. Flow of Fluid and
More informationMECHANICAL PROPERTIES
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Rheology S.C. BAYNE, 1 J.Y. Thompson 2 1 University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078 sbayne@umich.edu 2 Nova Southeastern College of Dental Medicine, Ft.
More informationPROPERTIES OF FLUIDS
Unit - I Chapter - PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS Solutions of Examples for Practice Example.9 : Given data : u = y y, = 8 Poise = 0.8 Pa-s To find : Shear stress. Step - : Calculate the shear stress at various
More informationCOURSE CODE : 3072 COURSE CATEGORY : B PERIODS/ WEEK : 5 PERIODS/ SEMESTER : 75 CREDIT : 5 TIME SCHEDULE
COURSE TITLE : FLUID MECHANICS COURSE CODE : 307 COURSE CATEGORY : B PERIODS/ WEEK : 5 PERIODS/ SEMESTER : 75 CREDIT : 5 TIME SCHEDULE MODULE TOPIC PERIOD 1 Properties of Fluids 0 Fluid Friction and Flow
More informationME 305 Fluid Mechanics I. Chapter 8 Viscous Flow in Pipes and Ducts
ME 305 Fluid Mechanics I Chapter 8 Viscous Flow in Pipes and Ducts These presentations are prepared by Dr. Cüneyt Sert Department of Mechanical Engineering Middle East Technical University Ankara, Turkey
More informationFE Fluids Review March 23, 2012 Steve Burian (Civil & Environmental Engineering)
Topic: Fluid Properties 1. If 6 m 3 of oil weighs 47 kn, calculate its specific weight, density, and specific gravity. 2. 10.0 L of an incompressible liquid exert a force of 20 N at the earth s surface.
More informationThe principals of rheology In pharmaceutical technology
The principals of rheology In pharmaceutical technology Dr. Aleksandar Széchenyi University of Pécs Gyógyszertechnológiai és Biofarmáciai Intézet Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy
More informationUniversity of Hail Faculty of Engineering DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING. ME Fluid Mechanics Lecture notes. Chapter 1
University of Hail Faculty of Engineering DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME 311 - Fluid Mechanics Lecture notes Chapter 1 Introduction and fluid properties Prepared by : Dr. N. Ait Messaoudene Based
More informationEXPERIMENT No.1 FLOW MEASUREMENT BY ORIFICEMETER
EXPERIMENT No.1 FLOW MEASUREMENT BY ORIFICEMETER 1.1 AIM: To determine the co-efficient of discharge of the orifice meter 1.2 EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED: Orifice meter test rig, Stopwatch 1.3 PREPARATION 1.3.1
More informationENGR 292 Fluids and Thermodynamics
ENGR 292 Fluids and Thermodynamics Scott Li, Ph.D., P.Eng. Mechanical Engineering Technology Camosun College Jan.13, 2017 Review of Last Class Course Outline Class Information Contact Information, Website
More informationChapter 2: FLUID PROPERTIES AND BASIC EQUATIONS. Density, Specific Gravity, Specific Weight
131.5 API 131.5 38 Solution Manual for Design of Fluid Thermal Systems SI Edition 4th Edition Janna Chapter : FLUID PROPERTIES AND BASIC EQUATIONS. Density, Specific Gravity, Specific Weight 1. What is
More informationDr. Nidal Hussein 7/15/2018
Dr. Nidal Hussein What is a Fluid? A fluid is defined as a substance that deforms continuously whilst acted upon by any force (shear force) tangential to the area on which it acts The ratio of the shear
More informationFigure 3: Problem 7. (a) 0.9 m (b) 1.8 m (c) 2.7 m (d) 3.6 m
1. For the manometer shown in figure 1, if the absolute pressure at point A is 1.013 10 5 Pa, the absolute pressure at point B is (ρ water =10 3 kg/m 3, ρ Hg =13.56 10 3 kg/m 3, ρ oil = 800kg/m 3 ): (a)
More informationFluid Mechanics Abdusselam Altunkaynak
Fluid Mechanics Abdusselam Altunkaynak 1. Unit systems 1.1 Introduction Natural events are independent on units. The unit to be used in a certain variable is related to the advantage that we get from it.
More information1 Fluid Statics. 1.1 Fluid Properties. Fluid
1 Fluid Statics 1.1 Fluid Properties Fluid A fluid is a substance, which deforms when subjected to a force. A fluid can offer no permanent resistance to any force causing change of shape. Fluid flow under
More informationRheometer: Procedure: Part A: Viscosity v Time
Rheometer A fluid is defined as a substance that deforms continuously under the action of a shear stress, no matter how small the shear stress may be. Without shear stress, there will be no deformation.
More informationA drop forms when liquid is forced out of a small tube. The shape of the drop is determined by a balance of pressure, gravity, and surface tension
A drop forms when liquid is forced out of a small tube. The shape of the drop is determined by a balance of pressure, gravity, and surface tension forces. 2 Objectives 3 i i 2 1 INTRODUCTION Property:
More informationSCHOOL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY SRM UNIVERSITY COURSE PLAN
SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY SRM UNIVERSITY COURSE PLAN Course code : CH0317 Course Title : Momentum Transfer Semester : V Course Time : July Nov 2011 Required Text
More informationVISCOSITY MEASUREMENT MEAN MOLECULAR MASS DETERMINATION
VISCOSITY MEASUREMENT MEAN MOLECULAR MASS DETERMINATION Author: dr Marek Studziński Editor: dr hab. Agnieszka Ewa Wiącek Task 11 VISCOSITY MEASUREMENT MEAN MOLECULAR MASS DETERMINATION I. Aim of the task
More informationDETERMINATION OF PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION OF SUGAR SOLUTION FROM VISCOSITY
Name: Section: Class Roll No: University Roll No: Stream: D.O.E D.O.S DETERMINATION OF PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION OF SUGAR SOLUTION FROM VISCOSITY THEORY: The coefficient of viscosity (η) of a liquid is defined
More informationWater Circuit Lab. The pressure drop along a straight pipe segment can be calculated using the following set of equations:
Water Circuit Lab When a fluid flows in a conduit, there is friction between the flowing fluid and the pipe walls. The result of this friction is a net loss of energy in the flowing fluid. The fluid pressure
More informationChapter -5(Section-1) Friction in Solids and Liquids
Chapter -5(Section-1) Friction in Solids and Liquids Que 1: Define friction. What are its causes? Ans : Friction:- When two bodies are in contact with each other and if one body is made to move then the
More informationFLUID MECHANICS D203 SAE SOLUTIONS TUTORIAL 2 APPLICATIONS OF BERNOULLI SELF ASSESSMENT EXERCISE 1
FLUID MECHANICS D203 SAE SOLUTIONS TUTORIAL 2 APPLICATIONS OF BERNOULLI SELF ASSESSMENT EXERCISE 1 1. A pipe 100 mm bore diameter carries oil of density 900 kg/m3 at a rate of 4 kg/s. The pipe reduces
More informationUniversity of Washington Department of Chemistry Chemistry 453 Winter Quarter 2013
Lecture 1 3/13/13 University of Washington Department of Chemistry Chemistry 53 Winter Quarter 013 A. Definition of Viscosity Viscosity refers to the resistance of fluids to flow. Consider a flowing liquid
More informationChapter 2 Density, Specific Gravity, Specific Weight
Chapter Density, Specific Gravity, Specific Weight 1. What is the specific gravity of 38 API oil? 38 API oil sp.gr. sp. gr. 11.5 169.5 0.835 11.5 131.5+ API 11.5 131.5 + 38. The specific gravity of manometer
More informationLesson 6 Review of fundamentals: Fluid flow
Lesson 6 Review of fundamentals: Fluid flow The specific objective of this lesson is to conduct a brief review of the fundamentals of fluid flow and present: A general equation for conservation of mass
More informationPractical Aspects of Turbine Flow Meters Calibration and UVC principles
Practical Aspects of Turbine Flow Meters Calibration and UVC principles by: A. Trigas TrigasFI GmbH, Dec. 2008 Like any measurement instrument, a turbine flowmeter displays secondary sensitivity to physical
More informationPhysics 3 Summer 1990 Lab 7 - Hydrodynamics
Physics 3 Summer 1990 Lab 7 - Hydrodynamics Theory Consider an ideal liquid, one which is incompressible and which has no internal friction, flowing through pipe of varying cross section as shown in figure
More informationRheological Properties
Rheological Properties Shear Stress the force experienced by the liquid is proportional to the area of the upper plate and is defined as the shear stress, σ = F/A (Units = Nm -2 or Pascals [Pa]) Shear
More informationMAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE TIRUCHIRAPALLI
MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE TIRUCHIRAPALLI 6113 DEPARTMENT: CIVIL SUB.CODE/ NAME: CE6303/ MECHANICS OF FLUIDS SEMESTER: III UNIT-1 FLUID PROPERTIES TWO MARK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 1. Define fluid mechanics.(auc
More informationChapter 6. Losses due to Fluid Friction
Chapter 6 Losses due to Fluid Friction 1 Objectives ä To measure the pressure drop in the straight section of smooth, rough, and packed pipes as a function of flow rate. ä To correlate this in terms of
More informationREE 307 Fluid Mechanics II. Lecture 1. Sep 27, Dr./ Ahmed Mohamed Nagib Elmekawy. Zewail City for Science and Technology
REE 307 Fluid Mechanics II Lecture 1 Sep 27, 2017 Dr./ Ahmed Mohamed Nagib Elmekawy Zewail City for Science and Technology Course Materials drahmednagib.com 2 COURSE OUTLINE Fundamental of Flow in pipes
More informationUNIT -5. Dimensional Analysis. Model Analysis. Fundamental Dimensions Dimensional Homogeneity Method of analysis
UNIT -5 Dimensional Analysis Fundamental Dimensions Dimensional Homogeneity Method of analysis Rayleigh Method Buckingham pi theorem Method Model Analysis Dimensionless parameters Similitude and model
More informationHYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEMS Noah D. Manring Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department University of Missouri-Columbia WILEY John Wiley & Sons, Inc. vii Preface Introduction xiii XV FUNDAMENTALS 1 Fluid
More informationFluid Mechanics Introduction
Fluid Mechanics Introduction Fluid mechanics study the fluid under all conditions of rest and motion. Its approach is analytical, mathematical, and empirical (experimental and observation). Fluid can be
More informationCENG 501 Examination Problem: Estimation of Viscosity with a Falling - Cylinder Viscometer
CENG 501 Examination Problem: Estimation of Viscosity with a Falling - Cylinder Viscometer You are assigned to design a fallingcylinder viscometer to measure the viscosity of Newtonian liquids. A schematic
More informationME 309 Fluid Mechanics Fall 2010 Exam 2 1A. 1B.
Fall 010 Exam 1A. 1B. Fall 010 Exam 1C. Water is flowing through a 180º bend. The inner and outer radii of the bend are 0.75 and 1.5 m, respectively. The velocity profile is approximated as C/r where C
More informationHydraulics. B.E. (Civil), Year/Part: II/II. Tutorial solutions: Pipe flow. Tutorial 1
Hydraulics B.E. (Civil), Year/Part: II/II Tutorial solutions: Pipe flow Tutorial 1 -by Dr. K.N. Dulal Laminar flow 1. A pipe 200mm in diameter and 20km long conveys oil of density 900 kg/m 3 and viscosity
More informationConception mécanique et usinage MECA Hydrodynamic plain bearings
Conception mécanique et usinage MECA0444-1 Hydrodynamic plain bearings Pr. Jean-Luc BOZET Dr. Christophe SERVAIS Année académique 2016-2017 1 Tribology Tribology comes from the greek word tribein, which
More informationFluid Mechanics II Viscosity and shear stresses
Fluid Mechanics II Viscosity and shear stresses Shear stresses in a Newtonian fluid A fluid at rest can not resist shearing forces. Under the action of such forces it deforms continuously, however small
More informationLecture 27 (Walker: ) Fluid Dynamics Nov. 9, 2009
Physics 111 Lecture 27 (Walker: 15.5-7) Fluid Dynamics Nov. 9, 2009 Midterm #2 - Monday Nov. 16 Chap. 7,Chap. 8 (not 8.5) Chap. 9 (not 9.6, 9.8) Chap. 10, Chap. 11 (not 11.8-9) Chap. 13 (not 13.6-8) Chap.
More informationFluid dynamics - viscosity and. turbulent flow
Fluid dynamics - viscosity and Fluid statics turbulent flow What is a fluid? Density Pressure Fluid pressure and depth Pascal s principle Buoyancy Archimedes principle Fluid dynamics Reynolds number Equation
More informationCHAPTER 4 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY AND VISCOSITY MEASUREMENTS
50 CHAPTER 4 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY AND VISCOSITY MEASUREMENTS 4.1 INTRODUCTION In the development of any energy-efficient heat transfer fluids for enhanced heat transfer performance, in practical applications,
More informationCartridge Valves Technical Information. Quick reference
Quick reference Contents CPF0... 8. CP600-5... 8. CP60-5... 8. 066 handle kit... 8.5 MP06... 8.6 MP... 8.6 X05-FD0 Traction manifold... 8.9 X05-FD6 Traction manifold... 8.0 X05-FD0 Traction manifold...
More informationLaboratory work No 2: Calibration of Orifice Flow Meter
Laboratory work No : Calibration of Orifice Flow Meter 1. Objective Calibrate the orifice flow meter and draw the graphs p = f 1 (Q) and C d = f (Re ).. Necessary equipment 1. Orifice flow meter. Measuring
More informationCHARACTERISTIC OF FLUIDS. A fluid is defined as a substance that deforms continuously when acted on by a shearing stress at any magnitude.
CHARACTERISTIC OF FLUIDS A fluid is defined as a substance that deforms continuously when acted on by a shearing stress at any magnitude. In a fluid at rest, normal stress is called pressure. 1 Dimensions,
More informationV/ t = 0 p/ t = 0 ρ/ t = 0. V/ s = 0 p/ s = 0 ρ/ s = 0
UNIT III FLOW THROUGH PIPES 1. List the types of fluid flow. Steady and unsteady flow Uniform and non-uniform flow Laminar and Turbulent flow Compressible and incompressible flow Rotational and ir-rotational
More informationCHAPTER 1 Fluids and their Properties
FLUID MECHANICS Gaza CHAPTER 1 Fluids and their Properties Dr. Khalil Mahmoud ALASTAL Objectives of this Chapter: Define the nature of a fluid. Show where fluid mechanics concepts are common with those
More informationNew Way Porous Gas Bearings as Seals. Bearings Seals
New Way Porous Gas Bearings as Seals Bearings Seals 1 New Way Overview Founded January 1994. Aston, Pa. 15 miles south of Philadelphia 54 employees 35,000 sq ft facility, Environmentally Controlled Precision
More informationFLOW MEASUREMENT IN PIPES EXPERIMENT
University of Leicester Engineering Department FLOW MEASUREMENT IN PIPES EXPERIMENT Page 1 FORMAL LABORATORY REPORT Name of the experiment: FLOW MEASUREMENT IN PIPES Author: Apollin nana chaazou Partner
More informationME332 FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORY (PART II)
ME332 FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORY (PART II) Mihir Sen Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, IN 46556 Version: April 2, 2002 Contents Unit 5: Momentum transfer
More information1. The Properties of Fluids
1. The Properties of Fluids [This material relates predominantly to modules ELP034, ELP035] 1.1 Fluids 1.1 Fluids 1.2 Newton s Law of Viscosity 1.3 Fluids Vs Solids 1.4 Liquids Vs Gases 1.5 Causes of viscosity
More informationLubrication and Journal Bearings
UNIVERSITY OF HAIL College of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Chapter 12 Lubrication and Journal Bearings Text Book : Mechanical Engineering Design, 9th Edition Dr. Badreddine AYADI 2016
More information