Specific Heat of Diatomic Gases and. The Adiabatic Process
|
|
- Hubert Ross
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Specific Heat of Diatomic Gases and Solids The Adiabatic Process Ron Reifenberger Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University February 22, 2012 Lecture 7 1
2 Specific Heat for Solids and Diatomic i Gasses In this lecture, you will learn what determines the specific heat of diatomic gasses and elemental solids. The physics behind an adiabatic gas process will also be analyzed. 2
3 From last lecture, you learned how to evaluate the heat capacity for an ideal monatomic gas KE K mv av av av 3 kt ( for one molecule) 2 2 The internal energy of N atoms in an ideal monatomic gas is an intrinsic, distributed property of the system For ideal gas of N atoms: E int KE = 3(½ NkT) = 3(½ nrt) int C V de int dt = 3/2 nr monatomic gas equipartition theorem C P = C V + nr = 5/2 nr 3 What makes diatomic molecules different?
4 Rotational motion - another way to distribute energy? (rad/s) r Velocity v Mass m KE = ½ mv 2 = 2f v = r For now, no linear translation KE = ½ mr 2 2 = ½ I 2 Typical value: CO, I 1.45 x kg m 2 4
5 By way of review,... Displacement Linear Motion Rotational Motion d = v o t+½ at 2 = o t + ½ t 2 Velocity v = v o + at = o + t Inertia m I Newton s 2 nd Law Momentum Conservation of momentum Kinetic Energy F = m a p = mv If F=0, then p = constant ½ mv 2 = I L = I If =0, then L = constant ½ I 2 5
6 For diatomic molecules, additional energy can be disbursed in rotational motion 5 degrees of ffreedom translation + rotation KE = ½mv x 2 x + y 2 x ½mv y ½mv z ½I ½I y E int = 5 (½ nrt) C v = 5/2 nr C P = 7/2 nr 6
7 7
8 Any other way to distribute energy? vibrational motion Work Done = Change in Elastic Energy W = F d spring constant k (N/m) +Force = ½ kx x k x=0 x final F restore = -kx final Work done is Work done is equal to the area 8
9 It is possible that diatomic molecules may vibrate! Usually, this occurs at temperatures much higher than room temperature. If vibration becomes important, then additional energies must be added to heat capacity to include this possibility. 1 mole of H 2 gas 7 2 R 5 2 R 3 2 R 9
10 To calculate the specific heat for ELEMENTAL solids, we need a model that describes how atoms interact with each other KE = ½mv 2 x +½mv 2 y +½mv 2 z + ½kx 2 +½ky 2 +½kz 2 6 degrees of freedom E int = 6 (½ nrt) for one mole, n=1 c (molar specific heat) = 3R k = effective spring constant [N/m] c 24.9 J/mole K Law of Dulong-Petit 10
11 Elemental Solid C V (J/mole K) Aluminum 23.4 Bismuth 25.3 Copper 23.8 Gold 24.5 Platinum 25.4 Silver 24.4 Tungsten Dulong-Petit value c 24.9 J/mole K 11
12 A Thermodynamic Process: How you go from initial iti to final state t P (P 2, V 2, T 2 ) FINAL 2 STATE (P 1, V 1, T 1 ) INITIAL STATE TE V There are many ways to go from (P 1,V 1,T 1 ) to (P 2,V 2,T 2 ) 12
13 How to measure P-V for a gas? 13
14 The Adiabatic Process for an Ideal Gas is the Greek word for impassable Adiabatic Thermodynamic Process fast! insulation Quasi-static Adiabatic Process slow! no time for heat to flow in or out no heat flows in or out E int = Q in + W on 14
15 Using the 1 st Law for Ideal Monatomic Gas Process E int Q in W on = Isobaric nc' V T nc P T -P V Adiabatic nc' V T 0 E int Isochoric nc' V T E int 0 Isothermal 0 -W -nrt ln(v f /V i ) General nc' V T EE int -W (PV area) 15
16 Adiabatic Process ONLY E int = Q in + W on nc V dt= C V dt = 0 + (-PdV) C V dt = -nrt dv/v dt = - T nr dv C V V dv 1 ln( V ) C ln( V ) C ln C V V 1 T ln( T ) ln( ) ln ln TV C V 1 V NOTE: the final result follows directly from the 1 st Law ln (TV nr/c V ) = constant Key Idea: the quantity on the left is Key Idea: the quantity on the left is constant during an adibatic process involving an ideal gas! 16
17 Rewrite: nr C P - C V = = -1 C P /C V C V C V TV -1 = constant if T,V are known rewrite, using the ideal gas law: PV -1 = nr V constant if the number of moles is constant during the process, then PV = some other constant if P,V are known 17
18 Adiabatic Compression PV = constant Monatomic gas Diatomic gas γ 5/ /5=
19 Calculating the Work in an Adiabatic Compression deint dqin dwon 0 dw on deint dq in dw de C dt adiabatic T f int W C dt C T T v only depends on ΔT! adiabatic v v f i T using PV nrt T W adiabatic C v i PV PV nr PV f f i i PV f f i i 1 nr PV nr since nr C V = -1 19
20 Example: If 1 mole of an ideal diatomic i gas, initially iti at 310 K, expands adiabatically from 12 L to 19 L, what is the final temperature? TV -1 = constant T,V For diatomic gas, C V = 5/2 R For diatomic gas, C P = 7/2 R C P /C V = for diatomic gas T i V i -1 = T f V f -1 Solving for T f gives 258 K 20
21 Example: 30 moles of a monatomic ideal gas at 1 atmosphere pressure expands adiabatically from an initial volume of 1.5 m 3 to 3.0 m 3. PV = constant P,V P T f Initial state Final state T i V a. What is the final pressure? C P (Note this is an approximation to [5/3]) C V = = constant = P i V i = 1.99 x 10 5 Pa m 5 P f V f = 1.99 x 10 5 Pa m 5 P f V f nr P f = 3.19 x 10 4 Pa T f = =383 K P i = 1.01 x 10 5 Pa T i =607 K 21
22 b. What is the work done on the gas? Won PdV PV constant C = 1.99 x 10 5 W on C dv V Note that P must be inside the integral! C V 1 V 1 V f V i on f i W C V V 2 3C 3C ,350J 84.4kJ (also equals change in internal energy) 22
23 The work can also be calculated from W adiabatic P V PV f f i i ,375 J γ-1 C. Is TV really a constant? TV T V 1 1 i i f f To do better, use 2/3= instead of throughout the calculation. 23
24 In summary, for the process under consideration, we have: 1 atm PV = constant 383 K 607 K 0.32 atm 1.5 m m 3 Area under curve 84,375 J 24
Unit 05 Kinetic Theory of Gases
Unit 05 Kinetic Theory of Gases Unit Concepts: A) A bit more about temperature B) Ideal Gas Law C) Molar specific heats D) Using them all Unit 05 Kinetic Theory, Slide 1 Temperature and Velocity Recall:
More informationChapter 14 Kinetic Theory
Chapter 14 Kinetic Theory Kinetic Theory of Gases A remarkable triumph of molecular theory was showing that the macroscopic properties of an ideal gas are related to the molecular properties. This is the
More informationThe first law of thermodynamics continued
Lecture 7 The first law of thermodynamics continued Pre-reading: 19.5 Where we are The pressure p, volume V, and temperature T are related by an equation of state. For an ideal gas, pv = nrt = NkT For
More informationCh. 19: The Kinetic Theory of Gases
Ch. 19: The Kinetic Theory of Gases In this chapter we consider the physics of gases. If the atoms or molecules that make up a gas collide with the walls of their container, they exert a pressure p on
More informationChapter 19 The First Law of Thermodynamics
Chapter 19 The First Law of Thermodynamics The first law of thermodynamics is an extension of the principle of conservation of energy. It includes the transfer of both mechanical and thermal energy. First
More informationChapter 15 Thermal Properties of Matter
Chapter 15 Thermal Properties of Matter To understand the mole and Avogadro's number. To understand equations of state. To study the kinetic theory of ideal gas. To understand heat capacity. To learn and
More informationChapter 18 Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics
Chapter 18 Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics Heat is the transfer of energy due to the difference in temperature. The internal energy is the total energy of the object in its centerofmass reference
More informationChapter 3 - First Law of Thermodynamics
Chapter 3 - dynamics The ideal gas law is a combination of three intuitive relationships between pressure, volume, temp and moles. David J. Starling Penn State Hazleton Fall 2013 When a gas expands, it
More informationLecture 7: Kinetic Theory of Gases, Part 2. ! = mn v x
Lecture 7: Kinetic Theory of Gases, Part 2 Last lecture, we began to explore the behavior of an ideal gas in terms of the molecules in it We found that the pressure of the gas was: P = N 2 mv x,i! = mn
More informationInternal Energy (example)
Internal Energy (example) A bucket of water KEs: translational: rotational: vibrational: PEs: within molecules: between molecules: @ rest on the table molecular bonds dipole-dipole interactions Internal
More informationMolar Specific Heat of Ideal Gases
Molar Specific Heat of Ideal Gases Since Q depends on process, C dq/dt also depends on process. Define a) molar specific heat at constant volume: C V (1/n) dq/dt for constant V process. b) molar specific
More informationSpeed Distribution at CONSTANT Temperature is given by the Maxwell Boltzmann Speed Distribution
Temperature ~ Average KE of each particle Particles have different speeds Gas Particles are in constant RANDOM motion Average KE of each particle is: 3/2 kt Pressure is due to momentum transfer Speed Distribution
More informationHandout 11: Ideal gas, internal energy, work and heat. Ideal gas law
Handout : Ideal gas, internal energy, work and heat Ideal gas law For a gas at pressure p, volume V and absolute temperature T, ideal gas law states that pv = nrt, where n is the number of moles and R
More informationThe First Law of Thermodynamics
Chapter 9 The First Law of Thermodynamics Topics for Chapter 9 I. First Law of Thermodynamics Internal energy, concept of state variables Difference between Work and Heat II. Examine various types of thermodynamic
More informationLecture 5. PHYC 161 Fall 2016
Lecture 5 PHYC 161 Fall 2016 Ch. 19 First Law of Thermodynamics In a thermodynamic process, changes occur in the state of the system. Careful of signs! Q is positive when heat flows into a system. W is
More informationPhysics 4C Chapter 19: The Kinetic Theory of Gases
Physics 4C Chapter 19: The Kinetic Theory of Gases Whether you think you can or think you can t, you re usually right. Henry Ford The only thing in life that is achieved without effort is failure. Source
More informationPhysics 2 week 7. Chapter 3 The Kinetic Theory of Gases
Physics week 7 Chapter 3 The Kinetic Theory of Gases 3.1. Ideal Gases 3.1.1. Experimental Laws and the Equation of State 3.1.. Molecular Model of an Ideal Gas 3.. Mean Free Path 3.3. The Boltzmann Distribution
More informationHeat and Thermodynamics. February. 2, Solution of Recitation 2. Consider the first case when air is allowed to expand isothermally.
Heat and Thermodynamics. February., 0 Solution of Recitation Answer : We have given that, Initial volume of air = = 0.4 m 3 Initial pressure of air = P = 04 kpa = 04 0 3 Pa Final pressure of air = P =
More informationHandout 11: Ideal gas, internal energy, work and heat. Ideal gas law
Handout : Ideal gas, internal energy, work and heat Ideal gas law For a gas at pressure p, volume V and absolute temperature T, ideal gas law states that pv = nrt, where n is the number of moles and R
More informationThe goal of thermodynamics is to understand how heat can be converted to work. Not all the heat energy can be converted to mechanical energy
Thermodynamics The goal of thermodynamics is to understand how heat can be converted to work Main lesson: Not all the heat energy can be converted to mechanical energy This is because heat energy comes
More informationSpeed Distribution at CONSTANT Temperature is given by the Maxwell Boltzmann Speed Distribution
Temperature ~ Average KE of each particle Particles have different speeds Gas Particles are in constant RANDOM motion Average KE of each particle is: 3/2 kt Pressure is due to momentum transfer Speed Distribution
More informationPhase Changes and Latent Heat
Review Questions Why can a person remove a piece of dry aluminum foil from a hot oven with bare fingers without getting burned, yet will be burned doing so if the foil is wet. Equal quantities of alcohol
More informationFirst Law of Thermodynamics
First Law of Thermodynamics E int = Q + W other state variables E int is a state variable, so only depends on condition (P, V, T, ) of system. Therefore, E int only depends on initial and final states
More informationThermal Properties of Matter (Microscopic models)
Chapter 18 Thermal Properties of Matter (Microscopic models) PowerPoint Lectures for University Physics, Twelfth Edition Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedman Lectures by James Pazun Modified by P. Lam 6_18_2012
More informationThe First Law of Thermodynamics
Chapter 19 The First Law of Thermodynamics PowerPoint Lectures for University Physics, Thirteenth Edition Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedman Lectures by Wayne Anderson Goals for Chapter 19 To represent
More informationThe First Law of Thermodynamics. Lecture 5
The First Law of Thermodynamics Lecture 5 First Law of Thermodynamics Overlooks the fine microscopic details (which in many cases are irrelevant). Describes the conversion of one form of energy (heat)
More informationChapter 14. The Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory
Chapter 14 The Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory 14.1 Molecular Mass, the Mole, and Avogadro s Number The atomic number of an element is the # of protons in its nucleus. Isotopes of an element have different
More information7.3 Heat capacities: extensive state variables (Hiroshi Matsuoka)
7.3 Heat capacities: extensive state variables (Hiroshi Matsuoka) 1 Specific heats and molar heat capacities Heat capacity for 1 g of substance is called specific heat and is useful for practical applications.
More informationTemperature Thermal Expansion Ideal Gas Law Kinetic Theory Heat Heat Transfer Phase Changes Specific Heat Calorimetry Heat Engines
Temperature Thermal Expansion Ideal Gas Law Kinetic Theory Heat Heat Transfer Phase Changes Specific Heat Calorimetry Heat Engines Zeroeth Law Two systems individually in thermal equilibrium with a third
More informationProblem: Calculate the entropy change that results from mixing 54.0 g of water at 280 K with 27.0 g of water at 360 K in a vessel whose walls are
Problem: Calculate the entropy change that results from mixing 54.0 g of water at 280 K with 27.0 g of water at 360 K in a vessel whose walls are perfectly insulated from the surroundings. Is this a spontaneous
More informationFinal Review Solutions
Final Review Solutions Jared Pagett November 30, 206 Gassed. Rapid Fire. We assume several things when maing the ideal gas approximation. With inetic molecular theory, we model gas molecules as point particles
More informationMore Thermodynamics. Specific Specific Heats of a Gas Equipartition of Energy Reversible and Irreversible Processes
More Thermodynamics Specific Specific Heats of a Gas Equipartition of Energy Reversible and Irreversible Processes Carnot Cycle Efficiency of Engines Entropy More Thermodynamics 1 Specific Heat of Gases
More informationChapter 18 Thermal Properties of Matter
Chapter 18 Thermal Properties of Matter In this section we define the thermodynamic state variables and their relationship to each other, called the equation of state. The system of interest (most of the
More information(Heat capacity c is also called specific heat) this means that the heat capacity number c for water is 1 calorie/gram-k.
Lecture 23: Ideal Gas Law and The First Law of Thermodynamics 1 (REVIEW) Chapter 17: Heat Transfer Origin of the calorie unit A few hundred years ago when people were investigating heat and temperature
More informationAnnouncements 13 Nov 2014
Announcements 13 Nov 2014 1. Prayer 2. Exam 3 starts on Tues Nov 25 a. Covers Ch 9-12, HW 18-24 b. Late fee on Wed after Thanksgiving, 3 pm c. Closes on Thursday after Thanksgiving, 3 pm d. Jerika review
More informationChapter 19: The Kinetic Theory of Gases Questions and Example Problems
Chapter 9: The Kinetic Theory of Gases Questions and Example Problems N M V f N M Vo sam n pv nrt Nk T W nrt ln B A molar nmv RT k T rms B p v K k T λ rms avg B V M m πd N/V Q nc T Q nc T C C + R E nc
More informationPhysics 121, April 24. Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester
Physics 121, April 24. Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics. Physics 121. April 24, 2008. Course Information Topics to be discussed today: Heat First law of thermodynamics Second law of thermodynamics
More informationPhysics 121, April 24. Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics. Physics 121. April 24, Physics 121. April 24, Course Information
Physics 121, April 24. Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics. Physics 121. April 24, 2008. Course Information Topics to be discussed today: Heat First law of thermodynamics Second law of thermodynamics
More informationMonday, October 21, 13. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture 4 1st Law of Thermodynamics (sections 19-4 to 19-9) 19-4 Calorimetry 19-5 Latent Heat 19-6 The 1st Law of Thermodynamics 19-7 Gas: Calculating the Work 19-8 Molar Specific Heats 19-9 Adiabatic
More informationNOTE: Only CHANGE in internal energy matters
The First Law of Thermodynamics The First Law of Thermodynamics is a special case of the Law of Conservation of Energy It takes into account changes in internal energy and energy transfers by heat and
More informationThe Kinetic Theory of Gases
PHYS102 Previous Exam Problems CHAPTER 19 The Kinetic Theory of Gases Ideal gas RMS speed Internal energy Isothermal process Isobaric process Isochoric process Adiabatic process General process 1. Figure
More informationSection 2: Lecture 1 Integral Form of the Conservation Equations for Compressible Flow
Section 2: Lecture 1 Integral Form of the Conservation Equations for Compressible Flow Anderson: Chapter 2 pp. 41-54 1 Equation of State: Section 1 Review p = R g T " > R g = R u M w - R u = 8314.4126
More informationCHAPTER 21 THE KINETIC THEORY OF GASES-PART? Wen-Bin Jian ( 簡紋濱 ) Department of Electrophysics National Chiao Tung University
CHAPTER 1 THE KINETIC THEORY OF GASES-PART? Wen-Bin Jian ( 簡紋濱 ) Department of Electrophysics National Chiao Tung University 1. Molecular Model of an Ideal Gas. Molar Specific Heat of an Ideal Gas. Adiabatic
More informationPhysics 123 Thermodynamics Review
Physics 3 Thermodynamics Review I. Definitions & Facts thermal equilibrium ideal gas thermal energy internal energy heat flow heat capacity specific heat heat of fusion heat of vaporization phase change
More informationHandout 12: Thermodynamics. Zeroth law of thermodynamics
1 Handout 12: Thermodynamics Zeroth law of thermodynamics When two objects with different temperature are brought into contact, heat flows from the hotter body to a cooler one Heat flows until the temperatures
More informationChapter 19. First Law of Thermodynamics. Dr. Armen Kocharian, 04/04/05
Chapter 19 First Law of Thermodynamics Dr. Armen Kocharian, 04/04/05 Heat and Work Work during volume change Work in Thermodynamics Work can be done on a deformable system, such as a gas Consider a cylinder
More informationADIABATIC PROCESS Q = 0
THE KINETIC THEORY OF GASES Mono-atomic Fig.1 1 3 Average kinetic energy of a single particle Fig.2 INTERNAL ENERGY U and EQUATION OF STATE For a mono-atomic gas, we will assume that the total energy
More information6) BTW: Your TA has Exam3. It should have been returned to you on Nov 16 (Mon) at Recitation if you
Chap. 15: pv = nrt Mole and Avogadro s number. Equations of state. Kinetic theory of an ideal gas. Heat capacities. First Law of Thermodynamics. Thermodynamic processes. Properties of an ideal gas. 1 3
More information, is placed in thermal contact with object B, with mass m, specific heat c B. and initially at temperature T B
4C_PLC http://www.cabrillo.edu/~jmccullough/physics4c/files/4c_plc/4c_plc.htm Page 1 of 8 /6/201 1. The heat capacity at constant volume and the heat capacity at constant pressure have different values
More informationLecture 24. Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory
Lecture 4 Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory Today s Topics: Ideal Gas Law Kinetic Theory of Gases Phase equilibria and phase diagrams Ideal Gas Law An ideal gas is an idealized model for real gases that
More informationDownloaded from
Chapter 13 (Kinetic Theory) Q1. A cubic vessel (with face horizontal + vertical) contains an ideal gas at NTP. The vessel is being carried by a rocket which is moving at a speed of500 ms in vertical direction.
More informationHence. The second law describes the direction of energy transfer in spontaneous processes
* Heat and Work The first law of thermodynamics states that: Although energy has many forms, the total quantity of energy is constant. When energy disappears in one form, it appears simultaneously in other
More informationChapter 19 Entropy Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 20-1
Chapter 19 Entropy Slide 20-1 Ch 19 & 20 material What to focus on? Just put out some practice problems for Ch. 19/20 Ideal gas how to find P/V/T changes. How to calculate energy required for a given T
More informationHomework: 13, 14, 18, 20, 24 (p )
Homework: 13, 14, 18, 0, 4 (p. 531-53) 13. A sample of an ideal gas is taken through the cyclic process abca shown in the figure below; at point a, T=00 K. (a) How many moles of gas are in the sample?
More informationPhysics 141. Lecture 24.
Physics 141. Lecture 24. 0.5 µm particles in water, 50/50 glycerol-water, 75/25 glycerol-water, glycerol http://www.physics.emory.edu/~weeks/squishy/brownianmotionlab.html Frank L. H. Wolfs Department
More informationPhysics 123 Unit #2 Review
Physics 123 Unit #2 Review I. Definitions & Facts thermal equilibrium ideal gas thermal energy internal energy heat flow heat capacity specific heat heat of fusion heat of vaporization phase change expansion
More informationGeneral Physics I (aka PHYS 2013)
General Physics I (aka PHYS 2013) PROF. VANCHURIN (AKA VITALY) University of Minnesota, Duluth (aka UMD) OUTLINE CHAPTER 12 CHAPTER 19 REVIEW CHAPTER 12: FLUID MECHANICS Section 12.1: Density Section 12.2:
More informationPV = n R T = N k T. Measured from Vacuum = 0 Gauge Pressure = Vacuum - Atmospheric Atmospheric = 14.7 lbs/sq in = 10 5 N/m
PV = n R T = N k T P is the Absolute pressure Measured from Vacuum = 0 Gauge Pressure = Vacuum - Atmospheric Atmospheric = 14.7 lbs/sq in = 10 5 N/m V is the volume of the system in m 3 often the system
More informationSolutions Midterm Exam 3 December 12, Match the above shown players of the best baseball team in the world with the following names:
Problem 1 (2.5 points) 1 2 3 4 Match the above shown players of the best baseball team in the world with the following names: A. Derek Jeter B. Mariano Rivera C. Johnny Damon D. Jorge Posada 1234 = a.
More informationPhysics Fall Mechanics, Thermodynamics, Waves, Fluids. Lecture 32: Heat and Work II. Slide 32-1
Physics 1501 Fall 2008 Mechanics, Thermodynamics, Waves, Fluids Lecture 32: Heat and Work II Slide 32-1 Recap: the first law of thermodynamics Two ways to raise temperature: Thermally: flow of heat Energy
More informationPart I: Basic Concepts of Thermodynamics
Part I: Basic Concepts of Thermodynamics Lecture 3: Heat and Work Kinetic Theory of Gases Ideal Gases 3-1 HEAT AND WORK Here we look in some detail at how heat and work are exchanged between a system and
More informationCHEM Thermodynamics. Work. There are two ways to change the internal energy of a system:
There are two ways to change the internal energy of a system: Thermodynamics Work 1. By flow of heat, q Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between and the surroundings 2. By doing work, w Work can
More informationKinetic Theory continued
Chapter 12 Kinetic Theory continued 12.4 Kinetic Theory of Gases The particles are in constant, random motion, colliding with each other and with the walls of the container. Each collision changes the
More informationPhysics 53. Thermal Physics 1. Statistics are like a bikini. What they reveal is suggestive; what they conceal is vital.
Physics 53 Thermal Physics 1 Statistics are like a bikini. What they reveal is suggestive; what they conceal is vital. Arthur Koestler Overview In the following sections we will treat macroscopic systems
More informationEnthalpy and Adiabatic Changes
Enthalpy and Adiabatic Changes Chapter 2 of Atkins: The First Law: Concepts Sections 2.5-2.6 of Atkins (7th & 8th editions) Enthalpy Definition of Enthalpy Measurement of Enthalpy Variation of Enthalpy
More informationThermodynamics Molecular Model of a Gas Molar Heat Capacities
Thermodynamics Molecular Model of a Gas Molar Heat Capacities Lana Sheridan De Anza College May 3, 2018 Last time modeling an ideal gas at the microscopic level rms speed of molecules equipartition of
More informationKinetic Theory continued
Chapter 12 Kinetic Theory continued 12.4 Kinetic Theory of Gases The particles are in constant, random motion, colliding with each other and with the walls of the container. Each collision changes the
More informationFirst Law of Thermo.
Quiz 8, MONDAY Please send me an email ASAP if you are away Monday, Nov. 25. You can take the quiz on Friday Nov 22, during your usual time. (You ll have to miss the Friday lecture). First Law of Thermo.
More informationUNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON PHYS1013W1 SEMESTER 2 EXAMINATION 2014-2015 ENERGY AND MATTER Duration: 120 MINS (2 hours) This paper contains 8 questions. Answers to Section A and Section B must be in separate
More informationEntropy. Entropy Changes for an Ideal Gas
Entropy and Entropy Changes for an Ideal Gas Ron Reifenberger Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University March 28, 2012 Lecture 10 1 Recall that we discussed an idealized process called reversible A
More informationEQUILIBRIUM IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS
EQUILIBRIUM IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS CHAPTER 12 Thermodynamic Processes and Thermochemistry CHAPTER 13 Spontaneous Processes and Thermodynamic Equilibrium CHAPTER 14 Chemical Equilibrium CHAPTER 15 Acid-Base
More informationLecture 25 Goals: Chapter 18 Understand the molecular basis for pressure and the idealgas
Lecture 5 Goals: Chapter 18 Understand the molecular basis for pressure and the idealgas law. redict the molar specific heats of gases and solids. Understand how heat is transferred via molecular collisions
More informationa. 4.2x10-4 m 3 b. 5.5x10-4 m 3 c. 1.2x10-4 m 3 d. 1.4x10-5 m 3 e. 8.8x10-5 m 3
The following two problems refer to this situation: #1 A cylindrical chamber containing an ideal diatomic gas is sealed by a movable piston with cross-sectional area A = 0.0015 m 2. The volume of the chamber
More informationNY Times 11/25/03 Physics L 22 Frank Sciulli slide 1
NY Times /5/03 slide Thermodynamics and Gases Last Time specific heats phase transitions Heat and Work st law of thermodynamics heat transfer conduction convection radiation Today Kinetic Theory of Gases
More informationKINETIC THEORY. was the original mean square velocity of the gas. (d) will be different on the top wall and bottom wall of the vessel.
Chapter Thirteen KINETIC THEORY MCQ I 13.1 A cubic vessel (with faces horizontal + vertical) contains an ideal gas at NTP. The vessel is being carried by a rocket which is moving at a speed of 500m s 1
More informationClassical Physics I. PHY131 Lecture 36 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Lecture 36 1
Classical Physics I PHY131 Lecture 36 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics Lecture 36 1 Recap: (Ir)reversible( Processes Reversible processes are processes that occur under quasi-equilibrium conditions:
More informationKinetic Theory of Gases
Kinetic Theory of Gases Modern Physics September 7 and 12, 2016 1 Intro In this section, we will relate macroscopic properties of gases (like Pressure, Temperature) to the behavior of the microscopic components
More information(prev) (top) (next) (Throughout, we will assume the processes involve an ideal gas with constant n.)
1 of 9 8/22/12 9:51 PM (prev) (top) (next) Thermodynamics 1 Thermodynamic processes can be: 2 isothermal processes, ΔT = 0 (so P ~ 1 / V); isobaric processes, ΔP = 0 (so T ~ V); isovolumetric or isochoric
More informationFirst Law of Thermodynamics Second Law of Thermodynamics Mechanical Equivalent of Heat Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics Thermal Expansion of Solids
Slide 1 / 66 1 What is the name of the following statement: "When two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other"? A B C D E First Law
More informationA) 120 degrees B) 90 degrees C) 60 degrees D) 45 degrees E) 30 degrees
Phys10 - First Major 071 Zero Version Q1. Two identical sinusoidal traveling waves are sent along the same string in the same direction. What should be the phase difference between the two waves so that
More informationTurning up the heat: thermal expansion
Lecture 3 Turning up the heat: Kinetic molecular theory & thermal expansion Gas in an oven: at the hot of materials science Here, the size of helium atoms relative to their spacing is shown to scale under
More informationTemperature, Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics. 8.01t Nov 29, 2004
Temperature, Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics 8.01t Nov 29, 2004 Temperature The hotness or coldness of an object is a macroscopic property of that object. When a cold object is placed in contact
More informationChemistry. Lecture 10 Maxwell Relations. NC State University
Chemistry Lecture 10 Maxwell Relations NC State University Thermodynamic state functions expressed in differential form We have seen that the internal energy is conserved and depends on mechanical (dw)
More informationRate of Heating and Cooling
Rate of Heating and Cooling 35 T [ o C] Example: Heating and cooling of Water E 30 Cooling S 25 Heating exponential decay 20 0 100 200 300 400 t [sec] Newton s Law of Cooling T S > T E : System S cools
More informationStuff. ---Tonight: Lecture 3 July Assignment 1 has been posted. ---Presentation Assignment on Friday.
Stuff ---Tonight: Lecture 3 July 0 ---Assignment 1 has been posted. Work from gravitational forces: h F gravity dx = h 0 0 mgh mg dx Where m (kg) and g is gravitational constant 9.8 m/s ---Presentation
More informationHEAT, WORK, AND THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
HET, WORK, ND THE FIRST LW OF THERMODYNMICS 8 EXERCISES Section 8. The First Law of Thermodynamics 5. INTERPRET We identify the system as the water in the insulated container. The problem involves calculating
More informationPhysics 141. Lecture 24. December 5 th. An important day in the Netherlands. Physics 141. Lecture 24. Course Information. Quiz
Physics 141. Lecture 24. 0.5 µm particles in water, 50/50 glycerol-water, 75/25 glycerol-water, glycerol http://www.physics.emory.edu/~weeks/squishy/brownianmotionlab.html Frank L. H. Wolfs Department
More informationFirst major ( 043 ) a) 180 degrees b) 90 degrees c) 135 degrees d) 45 degrees e) 270 degrees
First major ( 043 ) 1) The displacement of a string carrying a traveling sinusoidal wave is given by y(x,t) = y m sin( kx ωt ϕ ). At time t = 0 the point at x = 0 has a displacement of zero and is moving
More information3. Basic Concepts of Thermodynamics Part 2
3. Basic Concepts of Thermodynamics Part 2 Temperature and Heat If you take a can of cola from the refrigerator and leave it on the kitchen table, its temperature will rise-rapidly at first but then more
More informationLecture 24. Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory
Lecture 4 Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory Today s Topics: Ideal Gas Law Kinetic Theory of Gases Phase equilibria and phase diagrams Ideal Gas Law An ideal gas is an idealized model for real gases that
More informationIT IS THEREFORE A SCIENTIFIC LAW.
Now we talk about heat: Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics: (inserted after the 3 Laws, and often not mentioned) If two objects are in thermal equilibrium with a third object, they are in thermal equilibrium
More informationIrreversible Processes
Lecture 15 Heat Engines Review & Examples p p b b Hot reservoir at T h p a a c adiabats Heat leak Heat pump Q h Q c W d V 1 V 2 V Cold reservoir at T c Lecture 15, p 1 Irreversible Processes Entropy-increasing
More informationChapter 15: Thermal Properties of Matter
Chapter 15 Lecture Chapter 15: Thermal Properties of Matter Goals for Chapter 15 To understand and learn to use the mole and Avogadro's number. To see applications for equations of state. To study the
More informationVersion 001 HW 15 Thermodynamics C&J sizemore (21301jtsizemore) 1
Version 001 HW 15 Thermodynamics C&J sizemore 21301jtsizemore 1 This print-out should have 38 questions. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page find all choices before answering.
More informationFirst Law CML 100, IIT Delhi SS. The total energy of the system. Contribution from translation + rotation + vibrations.
Internal Energy he total energy of the system. Contribution from translation + rotation + vibrations. Equipartition theorem for the translation and rotational degrees of freedom. 1/ k B Work Path function,
More informationConservation of Energy
Conservation of Energy Energy can neither by created nor destroyed, but only transferred from one system to another and transformed from one form to another. Conservation of Energy Consider at a gas in
More informationPhys 160 Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics. Lecture 4 Isothermal and Adiabatic Work Heat Capacities
Phys 160 Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics Lecture 4 Isothermal and Adiabatic Work Heat Capacities Heat and Work Much of thermodynamics deals with three closely - related concepts; temperature, energy,
More informationTHE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS. Professor Benjamin G. Levine CEM 182H Lecture 5
THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS Professor Benjamin G. Levine CEM 182H Lecture 5 Chemical Equilibrium N 2 + 3 H 2 2 NH 3 Chemical reactions go in both directions Systems started from any initial state
More informationABCD42BEF F2 F8 5 4D65F8 CC8 9
ABCD BEF F F D F CC Physics 7B Fall 2015 Midterm 1 Solutions Problem 1 Let R h be the radius of the hole. R h = 2 3 Rα R h = 2 3 R+ R h = 2 3 R(1+α ) (4 points) In order for the marble to fit through the
More informationHandout 12: Thermodynamics. Zeroth law of thermodynamics
1 Handout 12: Thermodynamics Zeroth law of thermodynamics When two objects with different temperature are brought into contact, heat flows from the hotter body to a cooler one Heat flows until the temperatures
More information