Dynamic (absolute) Viscosity

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Dynamic (absolute) Viscosity"

Transcription

1 Viscosity Taken from: The viscosity of a fluid is an important property in the analysis of liquid behavior and fluid motion near solid boundaries. The viscosity is the fluid resistance to shear or flow and is a measure of the adhesive/cohesive or frictional fluid property. The resistance is caused by intermolecular friction exerted when layers of fluids attempt to slide by one another. Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow The knowledge of viscosity is needed for proper design of required temperatures for storage, pumping or injection of fluids. There are two related measures of fluid viscosity - known as dynamic (or absolute) and kinematic viscosity. Dynamic (absolute) Viscosity is the tangential force per unit area required to move one horizontal plane with respect to the other at unit velocity when maintained a unit distance apart by the fluid. The shearing stress between the layers of non turbulent fluid moving in straight parallel lines can be defined for a Newtonian fluid as: The dynamic or absolute viscosity can be expressed like τ = μ dc/dy (1) τ = shearing stress

2 μ = dynamic viscosity Equation (1) is known as the Newtons Law of Friction. In the SI system the dynamic viscosity units are N s/m 2, Pa s or kg/m s 1 Pa s = 1 N s/m 2 = 1 kg/m s The dynamic viscosity is also often expressed in the metric CGS (centimeter-gram-second) system as g/cm.s, dyne.s/cm 2 or poise (p) 1 poise = dyne s/cm 2 = g/cm s = 1/10 Pa s For practical use the Poise is to large and it's usual divided by 100 into the smaller unit called the centipoise (cp) 1 p = 100 cp Water at 68.4 o F (20.2 o C) has an absolute viscosity of one centipoise. Kinematic Viscosity is the ratio of absolute or dynamic viscosity to density - a quantity in which no force is involved. Kinematic viscosity can be obtained by dividing the absolute viscosity of a fluid with it's mass density ν = μ / ρ (2) ν = kinematic viscosity μ = absolute or dynamic viscosity ρ = density In the SI-system the theoretical unit is m 2 /s or commonly used Stoke (St) 1 St = 10-4 m 2 /s Since the Stoke is an unpractical large unit, it is usual divided by 100 to give the unit called Centistokes (cst) 1 St = 100 cst 1 cst = 10-6 m 2 /s Since the specific gravity of water at 68.4 o F (20.2 o C) is almost one (1), the kinematic viscosity of water at 68.4 o F is for all practical purposes 1.0 cst. Viscosity and Reference Temperatures

3 The viscosity of a fluid is highly temperature dependent and for either dynamic or kinematic viscosity to be meaningful, the reference temperature must be quoted. In ISO 8217 the reference temperature for a residual fluid is 100 o C. For a distillate fluid the reference temperature is 40 o C. For a liquid - the kinematic viscosity will decrease with higher temperature For a gas - the kinematic viscosity will increase with higher temperature Other Commonly used Viscosity Units Saybolt Universal Seconds (or SUS, SSU) Saybolt Universal Seconds (or SUS) is used to measure viscosity. The efflux time is Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS) required for 60 milliliters of a petroleum product to flow through the calibrated orifice of a Saybolt Universal viscometer, under carefully controlled temperature and as prescribed by test method ASTM D 88. This method has largely been replaced by the kinematic viscosity method. Saybolt Universal Seconds is also called the SSU number (Seconds Saybolt Universal) or SSF number (Saybolt Seconds Furol). Kinematic viscosity versus dynamic or absolute viscosity can be expressed as ν = 4.63 μ / SG (3) ν = kinematic vicosity (SSU) μ = dynamic or absolute viscosity (cp) Degree Engler Degree Engler is used in Great Britain as a scale to measure kinematic viscosity. Unlike the Saybolt and Redwood scales, the Engler scale is based on comparing a flow of the substance being tested to the flow of another substance - water. Viscosity in Engler degrees is the ratio of the time of a flow of 200 cubic centimetres of the fluid whose viscosity is being measured - to the time of flow of 200 cubic centimeters of water at the same temperature (usually 20 o C but sometimes 50 o C or 100 o C) in a standardized Engler viscosity meter. Newtonian Fluids Fluids for which the shearing stress is linearly related to the rate of shearing strain are designated as Newtonian Fluids. Newtonian materials are referred to as true liquids since their viscosity or consistency is not affected by shear such as agitation or pumping at a constant temperature. Fortunately most common fluids, both liquids and gases, are Newtonian. Water and oils are examples of Newtonian liquids. Thixotropic Fluids Shear Thinning Fluids or Thixotropic Fluids reduce their viscosity as agitation or pressure is increased at a constant temperature. Ketchup and mayonnaise are examples of thixotropic materials. They appear thick or viscous but are possible to pump quite easily. Dilatant Fluids

4 Shear Thickening Fluids or Dilatant Fluids increase their viscosity with agitation. Some of these liquids can become almost solid within a pump or pipe line. With agitation, cream becomes butter and Candy compounds, clay slurries and similar heavily filled liquids do the same thing. Bingham Plastic Fluids Bingham Plastic Fluids have a yield value which must be exceeded before it will start to flow like a fluid. From that point the viscosity will decrease with increase of agitation. Toothpaste, mayonnaise and tomato catsup are examples of such products. Example - Converting between Kinetic and Absolute Viscosity for Air Kinematic viscosity of air at 1 bar (10 5 Pa, N/m 2 ) and 40 o C is cst ( m 2 /s). The density of air estimated with the Ideal Gas Law ρ = p / R T ρ = density (kg/m 3 ) p = absolute pressure (Pa, N/m 2 ) R = individual gas constant (J/kg K) T = absolute temperature (K) ρ = (10 5 N/m 2 ) / ((287 J/kg/K) (273 o C C) = kg/m 3 Absolute viscosity can be expressed as μ = (1.113 kg/m 3 ) ( m 2 /s) = (kg/m s, Ns/m 2, P) Viscosity and Specific Gravity of some Common Liquids centistokes (cst) Saybolt Second Universal (SSU, SUS) Typical liquid 1 31 Water (20 o C) Milk SAE 20 Crankcase Oil SAE 75 Gear Oil

5 No. 4 fuel oil Cream Vegetable oil SAE 30 Crankcase Oil SAE 85 Gear Oil Tomato Juice SAE 50 Crankcase Oil SAE 90 Gear Oil SAE 140 Gear Oil Glycerine (20 o C) SAE 250 Gear Oil ,000 Honey ,000 Mayonnaise 19,000 86,000 Sour cream Kinematic viscosity can be converted from SSU to Centistokes like ν Centistokes = ν SSU / ν SSU ν SSU < 100 ν Centistokes = ν SSU / ν SSU ν SSU > 100

Custom Search Sponsored Links

Custom Search Sponsored Links Dynamic, Absolute and Kinematic Viscosity An introduction to dynamic, absolute and kinematic viscosity and how to convert between CentiStokes (cst), CentiPoises (cp), Saybolt Universal Seconds (SSU), degree

More information

Viscosity * Desmond Schipper Andrew R. Barron. 1 Introduction

Viscosity * Desmond Schipper Andrew R. Barron. 1 Introduction OpenStax-CNX module: m50215 1 Viscosity * Desmond Schipper Andrew R. Barron This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 Abstract This module discusses

More information

APPENDIX A USEFUL EQUATIONS (METRIC AND IMPERIAL SYSTEMS) THE DEFINITION OF VISCOSITY RHEOLOGICAL (VISCOUS BEHAVIOR) PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS

APPENDIX A USEFUL EQUATIONS (METRIC AND IMPERIAL SYSTEMS) THE DEFINITION OF VISCOSITY RHEOLOGICAL (VISCOUS BEHAVIOR) PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS APPENDIX A USEFUL EQUATIONS (METRIC AND IMPERIAL SYSTEMS) THE DEFINITION OF VISCOSITY RHEOLOGICAL (VISCOUS BEHAVIOR) PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS A APPENDIX A APPENDIX A Flow vs. velocity Specific gravity vs.

More information

Viscosity. appearance.

Viscosity. appearance. Viscosity Viscosityit is probably bbl the single most important t property of a hydraulic fluid. It is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. When the viscosity is low, the fluid flows easily and is

More information

Petroleum Engineering Dept. Fluid Mechanics Second Stage Dr. Ahmed K. Alshara

Petroleum Engineering Dept. Fluid Mechanics Second Stage Dr. Ahmed K. Alshara Continents Chapter 1. Fluid Mechanics -Properties of fluids -Density, specific gravity, specific volume and Viscosity -Newtonian and non Newtonian fluids -Surface tension Compressibility -Pressure -Cavitations

More information

CHAPTER 1 Fluids and their Properties

CHAPTER 1 Fluids and their Properties FLUID MECHANICS Gaza CHAPTER 1 Fluids and their Properties Dr. Khalil Mahmoud ALASTAL Objectives of this Chapter: Define the nature of a fluid. Show where fluid mechanics concepts are common with those

More information

HYDRAULICS STAFF SELECTION COMMISSION CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDY MATERIAL HYDRAULICS

HYDRAULICS STAFF SELECTION COMMISSION CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDY MATERIAL HYDRAULICS 1 STAFF SELECTION COMMISSION CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDY MATERIAL Syllabus Hydraulics ( Fluid Mechanics ) Fluid properties, hydrostatics, measurements of flow, Bernoulli's theorem and its application, flow

More information

Petroleum Engineering Department Fluid Mechanics Second Stage Assist Prof. Dr. Ahmed K. Alshara

Petroleum Engineering Department Fluid Mechanics Second Stage Assist Prof. Dr. Ahmed K. Alshara Continents Petroleum Engineering Department Fluid Mechanics Second Stage Assist Prof. Dr. Ahmed K. Alshara Chapter 1. Fluid Mechanics -Properties of fluids -Density, specific gravity, specific volume and

More information

Rheometer: Procedure: Part A: Viscosity v Time

Rheometer: Procedure: Part A: Viscosity v Time Rheometer A fluid is defined as a substance that deforms continuously under the action of a shear stress, no matter how small the shear stress may be. Without shear stress, there will be no deformation.

More information

COURSE NUMBER: ME 321 Fluid Mechanics I. Fluid: Concept and Properties

COURSE NUMBER: ME 321 Fluid Mechanics I. Fluid: Concept and Properties COURSE NUMBER: ME 321 Fluid Mechanics I Fluid: Concept and Properties Course teacher Dr. M. Mahbubur Razzaque Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering BUET 1 What is Fluid Mechanics? Fluid mechanics

More information

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Rheology S.C. BAYNE, 1 J.Y. Thompson 2 1 University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078 sbayne@umich.edu 2 Nova Southeastern College of Dental Medicine, Ft.

More information

Lecture 3. Properties of Fluids 11/01/2017. There are thermodynamic properties of fluids like:

Lecture 3. Properties of Fluids 11/01/2017. There are thermodynamic properties of fluids like: 11/01/2017 Lecture 3 Properties of Fluids There are thermodynamic properties of fluids like: Pressure, p (N/m 2 ) or [ML -1 T -2 ], Density, ρ (kg/m 3 ) or [ML -3 ], Specific weight, γ = ρg (N/m 3 ) or

More information

1. The Properties of Fluids

1. The Properties of Fluids 1. The Properties of Fluids [This material relates predominantly to modules ELP034, ELP035] 1.1 Fluids 1.1 Fluids 1.2 Newton s Law of Viscosity 1.3 Fluids Vs Solids 1.4 Liquids Vs Gases 1.5 Causes of viscosity

More information

Introduction to Marine Hydrodynamics

Introduction to Marine Hydrodynamics 1896 1920 1987 2006 Introduction to Marine Hydrodynamics (NA235) Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering School of Naval Architecture, Ocean & Civil Engineering First Assignment The first

More information

Hydraulic Fundamentals Hydraulics Definition Advent of Oil Hydraulics Pascal s Law Pressure

Hydraulic Fundamentals Hydraulics Definition Advent of Oil Hydraulics Pascal s Law Pressure Fluidsys Training Centre, Bangalore offers an extensive range of skill-based and industry-relevant courses in the field of Pneumatics and Hydraulics. For more details, please visit the website: https://fluidsys.org

More information

This chapter is a study of the shear stress as a function of the shear rate for Newtonian and non-newtonian biological materials.

This chapter is a study of the shear stress as a function of the shear rate for Newtonian and non-newtonian biological materials. Lecture 10 and Flow (Ch. 6) This chapter is a study of the shear stress as a function of the shear rate for Newtonian and non-newtonian biological materials. 1 Lecture 10 and Flow (Ch. 6) When a fluid

More information

Non Newtonian Fluid Dynamics

Non Newtonian Fluid Dynamics PDHonline Course M417 (3 PDH) Non Newtonian Fluid Dynamics Instructor: Paul G. Conley, PE 2012 PDH Online PDH Center 5272 Meadow Estates Drive Fairfax, VA 22030-6658 Phone & Fax: 703-988-0088 www.pdhonline.org

More information

Fluid Mechanics Introduction

Fluid Mechanics Introduction Fluid Mechanics Introduction Fluid mechanics study the fluid under all conditions of rest and motion. Its approach is analytical, mathematical, and empirical (experimental and observation). Fluid can be

More information

Introduction to Fluid Flow

Introduction to Fluid Flow Introduction to Fluid Flow Learning Outcomes After this lecture you should be able to Explain viscosity and how it changes with temperature Write the continuity equation Define laminar and turbulent flow

More information

Chapter 3 Non-Newtonian fluid

Chapter 3 Non-Newtonian fluid Chapter 3 Non-Newtonian fluid 3-1. Introduction: The study of the deformation of flowing fluids is called rheology; the rheological behavior of various fluids is sketchen Figure 3-1. Newtonian fluids,

More information

We may have a general idea that a solid is hard and a fluid is soft. This is not satisfactory from

We may have a general idea that a solid is hard and a fluid is soft. This is not satisfactory from Chapter 1. Introduction 1.1 Some Characteristics of Fluids We may have a general idea that a solid is hard and a fluid is soft. This is not satisfactory from scientific or engineering point of view. In

More information

Fluid Mechanics II Viscosity and shear stresses

Fluid Mechanics II Viscosity and shear stresses Fluid Mechanics II Viscosity and shear stresses Shear stresses in a Newtonian fluid A fluid at rest can not resist shearing forces. Under the action of such forces it deforms continuously, however small

More information

1. Introduction, fluid properties (1.1, 2.8, 4.1, and handouts)

1. Introduction, fluid properties (1.1, 2.8, 4.1, and handouts) 1. Introduction, fluid properties (1.1, 2.8, 4.1, and handouts) Introduction, general information Course overview Fluids as a continuum Density Compressibility Viscosity Exercises: A1 Fluid mechanics Fluid

More information

University of Hail Faculty of Engineering DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING. ME Fluid Mechanics Lecture notes. Chapter 1

University of Hail Faculty of Engineering DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING. ME Fluid Mechanics Lecture notes. Chapter 1 University of Hail Faculty of Engineering DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME 311 - Fluid Mechanics Lecture notes Chapter 1 Introduction and fluid properties Prepared by : Dr. N. Ait Messaoudene Based

More information

Fluid Mechanics Abdusselam Altunkaynak

Fluid Mechanics Abdusselam Altunkaynak Fluid Mechanics Abdusselam Altunkaynak 1. Unit systems 1.1 Introduction Natural events are independent on units. The unit to be used in a certain variable is related to the advantage that we get from it.

More information

Lecture 7. Rheology. Hamid Alghurabi. Assistant Lecturer in Pharmaceutics

Lecture 7. Rheology. Hamid Alghurabi. Assistant Lecturer in Pharmaceutics Physical Pharmacy Lecture 7 Rheology Assistant Lecturer in Pharmaceutics Overview Types of flow Newtonian systems Non-Newtonian systems Thixotropy Definition Applications in formulations Determination

More information

Rheological Properties

Rheological Properties Rheological Properties Shear Stress the force experienced by the liquid is proportional to the area of the upper plate and is defined as the shear stress, σ = F/A (Units = Nm -2 or Pascals [Pa]) Shear

More information

MEASUREMENT OF VISCOSITY OF LIQUID

MEASUREMENT OF VISCOSITY OF LIQUID MEASUREMENT OF VISCOSITY OF LIQUID Objectives: To measure the viscosity of sample liquids. Apparatus: (i) Glass tube (ii)steel balls, (iii) Retort stand and clamps, (iv) Weighing balance, (v) Screw gauge,

More information

Introduction to Viscometry and Rheology, Basics, Rotational Testing. Basic Seminar Applied Rheology

Introduction to Viscometry and Rheology, Basics, Rotational Testing. Basic Seminar Applied Rheology Introduction to Viscometry and Rheology, Basics, Rotational Testing Basic Seminar Applied Rheology Contents Definition of basic rheological parameters Viscosity and elasticity Deformation, shear stress

More information

Fluids and their Properties

Fluids and their Properties Chapter (1) Fluids and their Properties Dr. KHALIL MAHMOUD ALASTAL Eng.Mohammed AbuRahma Eng.Reem Sbaih 2017 Newton s Law of Viscosity: - / Non-Newtonian Fluids: - Mass Density: - / Specific weight: -

More information

Middle East Technical University Department of Mechanical Engineering ME 305 Fluid Mechanics I Fall 2018 Section 4 (Dr.

Middle East Technical University Department of Mechanical Engineering ME 305 Fluid Mechanics I Fall 2018 Section 4 (Dr. Reading Assignments Middle East Technical University Department of Mechanical Engineering ME 305 Fluid Mechanics I Fall 2018 Section 4 (Dr. Sert) Study Set 1 You can find the answers of some of the following

More information

Pharmaceutics I. Unit 6 Rheology of suspensions

Pharmaceutics I. Unit 6 Rheology of suspensions Pharmaceutics I اينالديصيدلينيات 1 Unit 6 Rheology of suspensions 1 Rheology, the science of the flow or deformation of matter (liquid or soft solid) under the effect of an applied force. It addresses

More information

Pharmaceutics I صيدالنيات 1. Unit 6

Pharmaceutics I صيدالنيات 1. Unit 6 Pharmaceutics I صيدالنيات 1 Unit 6 1 Rheology of suspensions Rheology, the study of flow, addresses the viscosity characteristics of powders, fluids, and semisolids. Materials are divided into two general

More information

Part II Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics By Munson, Young, and Okiishi

Part II Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics By Munson, Young, and Okiishi Part II Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics By Munson, Young, and Okiishi WHAT we will learn I. Characterization of Fluids - What is the fluid? (Physical properties of Fluid) II. Behavior of fluids - Fluid

More information

Universal Viscosity Curve Theory

Universal Viscosity Curve Theory TM Universal Viscosity Curve Theory Turbine Flow Meters and Flow Viscosity Introduction Like any transducer, a turbine flow meter is sensitive to physical parameters other than the one which is of interest.

More information

Please remember all the unit that you use in your calculation. There are no marks for correct answer without unit.

Please remember all the unit that you use in your calculation. There are no marks for correct answer without unit. CHAPTER 1 : PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS What is fluid? A fluid is defined as a substance that deforms continuously when acted on by a shearing stress at any magnitude. In a fluid at rest, normal stress is called

More information

The principals of rheology In pharmaceutical technology

The principals of rheology In pharmaceutical technology The principals of rheology In pharmaceutical technology Dr. Aleksandar Széchenyi University of Pécs Gyógyszertechnológiai és Biofarmáciai Intézet Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy

More information

Viscous Flow and Convective Heat Transfer (EGFD 7041) Fall 2018

Viscous Flow and Convective Heat Transfer (EGFD 7041) Fall 2018 Viscous Flow and Convective Heat Transfer (EGFD 7041) Fall 2018 Introduction & Review Dr. Peter J. Disimile UC-FEST Department of Aerospace Engineering Peter.disimile@uc.edu 1 2 1 1.Basic Modes of Heat

More information

Lecture Slides. Chapter 12. Lubrication and Journal Bearings

Lecture Slides. Chapter 12. Lubrication and Journal Bearings Lecture Slides Chapter 12 Lubrication and Journal Bearings The McGraw-Hill Companies 2012 Chapter Outline Types of Lubrication Hydrodynamic Hydrostatic Elastohydrodynamic Boundary Solid film Viscosity

More information

ME 262 BASIC FLUID MECHANICS Assistant Professor Neslihan Semerci Lecture 4. (Buoyancy and Viscosity of water)

ME 262 BASIC FLUID MECHANICS Assistant Professor Neslihan Semerci Lecture 4. (Buoyancy and Viscosity of water) ME 262 BASIC FLUID MECHANICS Assistant Professor Neslihan Semerci Lecture 4 (Buoyancy and Viscosity of water) 16. BUOYANCY Whenever an object is floating in a fluid or when it is completely submerged in

More information

PUMP SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND SIZING. BY JACQUES CHAURETTE p. eng.

PUMP SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND SIZING. BY JACQUES CHAURETTE p. eng. PUMP SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND SIZING BY JACQUES CHAURETTE p. eng. 5 th Edition February 2003 Published by Fluide Design Inc. www.fluidedesign.com Copyright 1994 I TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Symbols Chapter

More information

Chapter 1: Basic Concepts

Chapter 1: Basic Concepts What is a fluid? A fluid is a substance in the gaseous or liquid form Distinction between solid and fluid? Solid: can resist an applied shear by deforming. Stress is proportional to strain Fluid: deforms

More information

Steven Burian Civil & Environmental Engineering September 25, 2013

Steven Burian Civil & Environmental Engineering September 25, 2013 Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam Mechanics Steven Burian Civil & Environmental Engineering September 25, 2013 s and FE Morning ( Mechanics) A. Flow measurement 7% of FE Morning B. properties Session

More information

LECTURE 1 THE CONTENTS OF THIS LECTURE ARE AS FOLLOWS:

LECTURE 1 THE CONTENTS OF THIS LECTURE ARE AS FOLLOWS: LECTURE 1 THE CONTENTS OF THIS LECTURE ARE AS FOLLOWS: 1.0 INTRODUCTION TO FLUID AND BASIC EQUATIONS 2.0 REYNOLDS NUMBER AND CRITICAL VELOCITY 3.0 APPROACH TOWARDS REYNOLDS NUMBER REFERENCES Page 1 of

More information

CHAPTER (2) FLUID PROPERTIES SUMMARY DR. MUNZER EBAID MECH.ENG.DEPT.

CHAPTER (2) FLUID PROPERTIES SUMMARY DR. MUNZER EBAID MECH.ENG.DEPT. CHAPTER () SUMMARY DR. MUNZER EBAID MECH.ENG.DEPT. 08/1/010 DR.MUNZER EBAID 1 System Is defined as a given quantity of matter. Extensive Property Can be identified when it is Dependent on the total mass

More information

CHAPTER 3 FLUID-FLOW THEORY

CHAPTER 3 FLUID-FLOW THEORY CHAPTER 3 FLUID-FLOW THEORY Many raw materials for foods and many finished foods are in the form of fluids. These fluids have to be transported and processed in the factory. Food technologists must be

More information

ENGR 292 Fluids and Thermodynamics

ENGR 292 Fluids and Thermodynamics ENGR 292 Fluids and Thermodynamics Scott Li, Ph.D., P.Eng. Mechanical Engineering Technology Camosun College Jan.13, 2017 Review of Last Class Course Outline Class Information Contact Information, Website

More information

1 FLUIDS AND THEIR PROPERTIES

1 FLUIDS AND THEIR PROPERTIES FLUID MECHANICS CONTENTS CHAPTER DESCRIPTION PAGE NO 1 FLUIDS AND THEIR PROPERTIES PART A NOTES 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Fluids 1.3 Newton s Law of Viscosity 1.4 The Continuum Concept of a Fluid 1.5 Types

More information

An-Najah National University Civil Engineering Department. Fluid Mechanics. Chapter 1. General Introduction

An-Najah National University Civil Engineering Department. Fluid Mechanics. Chapter 1. General Introduction 1 An-Najah National University Civil Engineering Department Fluid Mechanics Chapter 1 General Introduction 2 What is Fluid Mechanics? Mechanics deals with the behavior of both stationary and moving bodies

More information

Non-Newtonian fluids is the fluids in which shear stress is not directly proportional to deformation rate, such as toothpaste,

Non-Newtonian fluids is the fluids in which shear stress is not directly proportional to deformation rate, such as toothpaste, CHAPTER1: Basic Definitions, Zeroth, First, and Second Laws of Thermodynamics 1.1. Definitions What does thermodynamic mean? It is a Greeks word which means a motion of the heat. Water is a liquid substance

More information

1.3 Analysis of Fluid Behavior

1.3 Analysis of Fluid Behavior 1.3 Analysis of Fluid Behavior Fluid Statics : When the fluid is at rest. Fluid Dynamics : When the fluid is moving. Governing equations : Conservation of Conservation of Conservation of mass momentum

More information

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS:

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS: Important Definitions: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS: Fluid: A substance that can flow is called Fluid Both liquids and gases are fluids Pressure: The normal force acting per unit area of a surface is

More information

Tutorial 10. Boundary layer theory

Tutorial 10. Boundary layer theory Tutorial 10 Boundary layer theory 1. If the velocity distribution law in a laminar boundary layer over a flat plate is assumes to be of the form, determine the velocity distribution law. At y = 0, u= 0

More information

VISCOSITY OF LIQUIDS

VISCOSITY OF LIQUIDS VISCOSITY OF LIQUIDS Viscosity of Liquids Theory, Estimation, Experiment, and Data by DABIR S. VISWANATH University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, U.S.A. TUSHAR K. GHOSH University of Missouri, Columbia, MO,

More information

P = 1 3 (σ xx + σ yy + σ zz ) = F A. It is created by the bombardment of the surface by molecules of fluid.

P = 1 3 (σ xx + σ yy + σ zz ) = F A. It is created by the bombardment of the surface by molecules of fluid. CEE 3310 Thermodynamic Properties, Aug. 27, 2010 11 1.4 Review A fluid is a substance that can not support a shear stress. Liquids differ from gasses in that liquids that do not completely fill a container

More information

What s important: viscosity Poiseuille's law Stokes' law Demo: dissipation in flow through a tube

What s important: viscosity Poiseuille's law Stokes' law Demo: dissipation in flow through a tube PHYS 101 Lecture 29x - Viscosity 29x - 1 Lecture 29x Viscosity (extended version) What s important: viscosity Poiseuille's law Stokes' law Demo: dissipation in flow through a tube Viscosity We introduced

More information

MM303 FLUID MECHANICS I PROBLEM SET 1 (CHAPTER 2) FALL v=by 2 =-6 (1/2) 2 = -3/2 m/s

MM303 FLUID MECHANICS I PROBLEM SET 1 (CHAPTER 2) FALL v=by 2 =-6 (1/2) 2 = -3/2 m/s MM303 FLUID MECHANICS I PROBLEM SET 1 (CHAPTER ) FALL 018 1) For the velocity fields given below, determine: i) Whether the flow field is one-, two-, or three-dimensional, and why. ii) Whether the flow

More information

Department of Civil Engineering Hydraulics and Water Resources Division Application and Solution I

Department of Civil Engineering Hydraulics and Water Resources Division Application and Solution I Question 1: The Specific weight of water is 1000 /. Using this given value, find the specific mass of water in SI units (g= m/s ). Solution 1: The specific mass of water in SI units: 1 N 1000 m 9810 Nm

More information

PIPING SYSTEMS FOR INDUSTRIAL PLANTS, Part I: Fluid Mechanics, Materials, Piping Systems, Piping Layout

PIPING SYSTEMS FOR INDUSTRIAL PLANTS, Part I: Fluid Mechanics, Materials, Piping Systems, Piping Layout Proyectos Consultoría Formación PIPING SYSTEMS FOR INDUSTRIAL PLANTS, Part I: Fluid Mechanics, Materials, Piping Systems, Piping Layout STUDY NOTES Instructor: Javier Tirenti training@arvengconsulting.com

More information

Welcome to MECH 280. Ian A. Frigaard. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia. Mech 280: Frigaard

Welcome to MECH 280. Ian A. Frigaard. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia. Mech 280: Frigaard Welcome to MECH 280 Ian A. Frigaard Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia Lectures 1 & 2: Learning goals/concepts: What is a fluid Apply continuum hypothesis Stress and viscosity

More information

Fluid Flow. Fundamentals of Rheology. Rheology is the science of deformation and flow. Food rheology is the material science of food

Fluid Flow. Fundamentals of Rheology. Rheology is the science of deformation and flow. Food rheology is the material science of food Fluid Flow Outline Fundamentals and applications of rheology Shear stress and shear rate Viscosity and types of viscometers Rheological classification of fluids Apparent viscosity Effect of temperature

More information

Chapter -5(Section-1) Friction in Solids and Liquids

Chapter -5(Section-1) Friction in Solids and Liquids Chapter -5(Section-1) Friction in Solids and Liquids Que 1: Define friction. What are its causes? Ans : Friction:- When two bodies are in contact with each other and if one body is made to move then the

More information

For more info

For more info Characteristic of Ideal fluid:- (a) It is incompressible (b) It is non-viscous (c) Flow of ideal fluid is irrational (d) It is capable of exhibiting steady flow Stream line flow:- Flow of a liquid fluid

More information

Practical Aspects of Turbine Flow Meters Calibration and UVC principles

Practical Aspects of Turbine Flow Meters Calibration and UVC principles Practical Aspects of Turbine Flow Meters Calibration and UVC principles by: A. Trigas TrigasFI GmbH, Dec. 2008 Like any measurement instrument, a turbine flowmeter displays secondary sensitivity to physical

More information

Chapter 1 Fluid Characteristics

Chapter 1 Fluid Characteristics Chapter 1 Fluid Characteristics 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 Phases Solid increasing increasing spacing and intermolecular liquid latitude of cohesive Fluid gas (vapor) molecular force plasma motion 1.1.2 Fluidity

More information

Rheology The relationship between rheological response and material structure

Rheology The relationship between rheological response and material structure Rheology The relationship between rheological response and material structure Márta Berka University of Debrecen Dept of Colloid and Environmental Chemistry http://dragon.unideb.hu/~kolloid/ Introduction

More information

Homework of chapter (1) (Solution)

Homework of chapter (1) (Solution) بسم اهلل الرمحن الرحيم The Islamic University of Gaza, Civil Engineering Department, Fluid mechanics-discussion, Instructor: Dr. Khalil M. Al Astal T.A: Eng. Mohammed H El Nazli Eng. Sarah R Rostom First

More information

Laboratory 9: The Viscosity of Liquids

Laboratory 9: The Viscosity of Liquids Laboratory 9: The Viscosity of Liquids Introduction The essential difference between solids and fluids lies in the nature of their response to the socalled shearing stress. In solids, an elastic force

More information

Modelling of dispersed, multicomponent, multiphase flows in resource industries Section 4: Non-Newtonian fluids and rheometry (PART 1)

Modelling of dispersed, multicomponent, multiphase flows in resource industries Section 4: Non-Newtonian fluids and rheometry (PART 1) Modelling of dispersed, multicomponent, multiphase flows in resource industries Section 4: Non-Newtonian fluids and rheometry (PART 1) Globex Julmester 2017 Lecture #3 05 July 2017 Agenda Lecture #3 Section

More information

Fluid Mechanics Testbank By David Admiraal

Fluid Mechanics Testbank By David Admiraal Fluid Mechanics Testbank By David Admiraal This testbank was created for an introductory fluid mechanics class. The primary intentions of the testbank are to help students improve their performance on

More information

s and FE X. A. Flow measurement B. properties C. statics D. impulse, and momentum equations E. Pipe and other internal flow 7% of FE Morning Session I

s and FE X. A. Flow measurement B. properties C. statics D. impulse, and momentum equations E. Pipe and other internal flow 7% of FE Morning Session I Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam General Section Steven Burian Civil & Environmental Engineering October 26, 2010 s and FE X. A. Flow measurement B. properties C. statics D. impulse, and momentum

More information

Fluid Mechanics-61341

Fluid Mechanics-61341 An-Najah National University College of Engineering Fluid Mechanics-61341 Chapter [1] Fundamentals 1 The Book (Elementary Fluid Mechanics by Street, Watters and Vennard) Each chapter includes: Concepts

More information

NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS. What are they? AND POLYMERS

NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS. What are they? AND POLYMERS NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS What are they? AND POLYMERS VOCABULARY Non-Newtonian Dilatant rigid Thixotropic does NOT follow the laws of physics as described by Newton adding energy (shear force) makes a liquid

More information

A Detailed Analysis of Capillary Viscometer

A Detailed Analysis of Capillary Viscometer 20122011 American American Transactions Transactions on on Engineering & Applied Sciences. Sciences American Transactions on Engineering & Applied Sciences http://tuengr.com/ateas, http://get.to/research

More information

FE Fluids Review March 23, 2012 Steve Burian (Civil & Environmental Engineering)

FE Fluids Review March 23, 2012 Steve Burian (Civil & Environmental Engineering) Topic: Fluid Properties 1. If 6 m 3 of oil weighs 47 kn, calculate its specific weight, density, and specific gravity. 2. 10.0 L of an incompressible liquid exert a force of 20 N at the earth s surface.

More information

Fluid Engineering Mechanics

Fluid Engineering Mechanics Fluid Engineering Mechanics Chapter Fluid Properties: Density, specific volume, specific weight, specific gravity, compressibility, viscosity, measurement of viscosity, Newton's equation of viscosity,

More information

V/ t = 0 p/ t = 0 ρ/ t = 0. V/ s = 0 p/ s = 0 ρ/ s = 0

V/ t = 0 p/ t = 0 ρ/ t = 0. V/ s = 0 p/ s = 0 ρ/ s = 0 UNIT III FLOW THROUGH PIPES 1. List the types of fluid flow. Steady and unsteady flow Uniform and non-uniform flow Laminar and Turbulent flow Compressible and incompressible flow Rotational and ir-rotational

More information

Fluid dynamics - viscosity and. turbulent flow

Fluid dynamics - viscosity and. turbulent flow Fluid dynamics - viscosity and Fluid statics turbulent flow What is a fluid? Density Pressure Fluid pressure and depth Pascal s principle Buoyancy Archimedes principle Fluid dynamics Reynolds number Equation

More information

BFC FLUID MECHANICS BFC NOOR ALIZA AHMAD

BFC FLUID MECHANICS BFC NOOR ALIZA AHMAD BFC 10403 FLUID MECHANICS CHAPTER 1.0: Principles of Fluid 1.1 Introduction to Fluid Mechanics 1.2 Thermodynamic Properties of a Fluid: Density, specific weight, specific gravity, viscocity (kelikatan)berat

More information

AMME2261: Fluid Mechanics 1 Course Notes

AMME2261: Fluid Mechanics 1 Course Notes Module 1 Introduction and Fluid Properties Introduction Matter can be one of two states: solid or fluid. A fluid is a substance that deforms continuously under the application of a shear stress, no matter

More information

Introduction to Rheology Basics

Introduction to Rheology Basics Introduction to Rheology Basics RheoTec Messtechnik GmbH Phone: ++49 (035205) 5967-0 Schutterwaelder Strasse 23 Fax: ++49 (035205) 5967-30 D-01458 Ottendorf-Okrilla E-mail: info@rheotec.de Germany Internet:

More information

ChEg 355 Fall 1999 Final Exam

ChEg 355 Fall 1999 Final Exam ChEg 355 Fall 1999 Final Eam 1. Flow between parallel plates (75 points) Consider a pair of infinitely wide parallel plates that have a liquid trapped between them, which will be flowing somewhere at sometime

More information

Nicholas J. Giordano. Chapter 10 Fluids

Nicholas J. Giordano.  Chapter 10 Fluids Nicholas J. Giordano www.cengage.com/physics/giordano Chapter 10 Fluids Fluids A fluid may be either a liquid or a gas Some characteristics of a fluid Flows from one place to another Shape varies according

More information

1/7. 4-1) Introduction

1/7. 4-1) Introduction 1/7 Measurement Technology Monthly Periodical Article for the February 2013 issue Classification Products and technology 1) Title Vibration Rheometer RV-10000 2) Subtitle Viscosity of various liquids measured

More information

Applied Fluid Mechanics

Applied Fluid Mechanics Applied Fluid Mechanics 1. The Nature of Fluid and the Study of Fluid Mechanics 2. Viscosity of Fluid 3. Pressure Measurement 4. Forces Due to Static Fluid 5. Buoyancy and Stability 6. Flow of Fluid and

More information

150A Review Session 2/13/2014 Fluid Statics. Pressure acts in all directions, normal to the surrounding surfaces

150A Review Session 2/13/2014 Fluid Statics. Pressure acts in all directions, normal to the surrounding surfaces Fluid Statics Pressure acts in all directions, normal to the surrounding surfaces or Whenever a pressure difference is the driving force, use gauge pressure o Bernoulli equation o Momentum balance with

More information

5. MODELING OF NON-STRATIFIED MIXTURE FLOWS (Pseudo-homogeneous flows)

5. MODELING OF NON-STRATIFIED MIXTURE FLOWS (Pseudo-homogeneous flows) 5. MODELING OF NON-STRATIFIED MIXTURE FLOWS (Pseudo-homogeneous flows) Uniform (or almost uniform) distribution of transported solids across a pipeline cross section is characteristic of pseudo-homogeneous

More information

Lecturer, Department t of Mechanical Engineering, SVMIT, Bharuch

Lecturer, Department t of Mechanical Engineering, SVMIT, Bharuch Fluid Mechanics By Ashish J. Modi Lecturer, Department t of Mechanical Engineering, i SVMIT, Bharuch Review of fundamentals Properties of Fluids Introduction Any characteristic of a system is called a

More information

Contents. Preface XIII. 1 General Introduction 1 References 6

Contents. Preface XIII. 1 General Introduction 1 References 6 VII Contents Preface XIII 1 General Introduction 1 References 6 2 Interparticle Interactions and Their Combination 7 2.1 Hard-Sphere Interaction 7 2.2 Soft or Electrostatic Interaction 7 2.3 Steric Interaction

More information

Fluid Mechanics. Spring 2009

Fluid Mechanics. Spring 2009 Instructor: Dr. Yang-Cheng Shih Department of Energy and Refrigerating Air-Conditioning Engineering National Taipei University of Technology Spring 2009 Chapter 1 Introduction 1-1 General Remarks 1-2 Scope

More information

A drop forms when liquid is forced out of a small tube. The shape of the drop is determined by a balance of pressure, gravity, and surface tension

A drop forms when liquid is forced out of a small tube. The shape of the drop is determined by a balance of pressure, gravity, and surface tension A drop forms when liquid is forced out of a small tube. The shape of the drop is determined by a balance of pressure, gravity, and surface tension forces. 2 Objectives 3 i i 2 1 INTRODUCTION Property:

More information

FLOW MEASUREMENT IN PIPES EXPERIMENT

FLOW MEASUREMENT IN PIPES EXPERIMENT University of Leicester Engineering Department FLOW MEASUREMENT IN PIPES EXPERIMENT Page 1 FORMAL LABORATORY REPORT Name of the experiment: FLOW MEASUREMENT IN PIPES Author: Apollin nana chaazou Partner

More information

Standard Test Method for Measuring Apparent Viscosity at High-Temperature and High-Shear Rate by Multicell Capillary Viscometer 1

Standard Test Method for Measuring Apparent Viscosity at High-Temperature and High-Shear Rate by Multicell Capillary Viscometer 1 Designation: D 5481 04 An American National Standard Standard Test Method for Measuring Apparent Viscosity at High-Temperature and High-Shear Rate by Multicell Capillary Viscometer 1 This standard is issued

More information

Universität Duisburg-Essen Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften WS 2012 Maschinenbau, IVG, Thermodynamik Dr. M. A. Siddiqi

Universität Duisburg-Essen Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften WS 2012 Maschinenbau, IVG, Thermodynamik Dr. M. A. Siddiqi 1 Universität Duisburg-Essen 3. Semester Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften WS 2012 Maschinenbau, IVG, Thermodynamik Dr. M. A. Siddiqi THERMODYNAMICS LAB (ISE) Pressure Measurement 2 2 Pressure Measurement

More information

Lecture 4. Lab this week: Cartridge valves Flow divider Properties of Hydraulic Fluids. Lab 8 Sequencing circuit Lab 9 Flow divider

Lecture 4. Lab this week: Cartridge valves Flow divider Properties of Hydraulic Fluids. Lab 8 Sequencing circuit Lab 9 Flow divider 91 Lecture 4 Lab this week: Lab 8 Sequencing circuit Lab 9 Flow divider Cartridge valves Flow divider Properties of Hydraulic Fluids Viscosity friction and leakage Bulk modulus Inertance Cartridge Valves

More information

Lecture 27 (Walker: ) Fluid Dynamics Nov. 9, 2009

Lecture 27 (Walker: ) Fluid Dynamics Nov. 9, 2009 Physics 111 Lecture 27 (Walker: 15.5-7) Fluid Dynamics Nov. 9, 2009 Midterm #2 - Monday Nov. 16 Chap. 7,Chap. 8 (not 8.5) Chap. 9 (not 9.6, 9.8) Chap. 10, Chap. 11 (not 11.8-9) Chap. 13 (not 13.6-8) Chap.

More information

Theory and Fundamental of Fluid Mechanics

Theory and Fundamental of Fluid Mechanics 1 2 Lecture (1) on Fayoum University Theory and Fundamental of Fluid Mechanics By Dr. Emad M. Saad Mechanical Engineering Dept. Faculty of Engineering Fayoum University Faculty of Engineering Mechanical

More information

OE4625 Dredge Pumps and Slurry Transport. Vaclav Matousek October 13, 2004

OE4625 Dredge Pumps and Slurry Transport. Vaclav Matousek October 13, 2004 OE465 Vaclav Matousek October 13, 004 1 Dredge Vermelding Pumps onderdeel and Slurry organisatie Transport OE465 Vaclav Matousek October 13, 004 Dredge Vermelding Pumps onderdeel and Slurry organisatie

More information

2.1 INTRODUCTION (i) Additive Properties: (ii) Colligative Properties: (iii) Constitutive Properties: (iv) Additive and Constitutive Properties:

2.1 INTRODUCTION (i) Additive Properties: (ii) Colligative Properties: (iii) Constitutive Properties: (iv) Additive and Constitutive Properties: THE LIQUID STATE.1 INTRODUCTION The structure of a molecule can be studied by finding out the size and shape of the molecule and the arrangement of its constituent atoms. In this connection, the determination

More information

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1-1 The Fluid. 1-2 Dimensions. 1-3 Units. 1-4 Fluid Properties. 1 1-1 The Fluid: It is the substance that deforms continuously when subjected to a shear stress. Matter Solid Fluid

More information