Year 10 Physics Sets 1, 2 and 3 (Edexcel Separate Science and Double Award)

Transcription

1 Year 0 Physics Sets, 2 and (Edexcel Separate Science and Double Award) NB: Only Separate Science pupils cover syllabus objectives highlighted in orange below. 2 0/9/7-2/9/7 / /9/7-07/2/7 0/2/7-22/02/8 2 25/02/8 - /0/8 End of Topic Test (Based on above objectives) - Energy Transfer and Resources a.mains Electricity Complete Energy topic from year understand how the use of insulation, double insulation, earthing, fuses and circuit breakers protects the device or user in a range of domestic appliances 2. understand why a current in a resistor results in the electrical transfer of energy and an increase in temperature, and how this can be used in a variety of domestic contexts 2.4 know and use the relationship between power, current and voltage: power = current X voltage and apply the relationship to the selection of appropriate fuses 2.5 use the relationship between energy transferred, current, voltage and time: energy transferred = current X voltage X time 2. know the difference between mains electricity being alternating current (a.c.) and direct current (d.c.) being supplied by a cell or battery b. Energy and voltage in circuits 2.7 explain why a series or parallel circuit is more appropriate for particular applications, including domestic lighting 2.8 understand how the current in a series circuit depends on the applied voltage and the number and nature of other components 2.9 describe how current varies with voltage in wires, resistors, metal filament lamps and diodes, and how to investigate this experimentally 2.0 describe the qualitative effect of changing resistance on the current in a circuit 2. describe the qualitative variation of resistance of light-dependent resistors (LDRs) with illumination and thermistors with temperature 2.2 know that lamps and LEDs can be used to indicate the presence of a current in a circuit 2. know and use the relationship between voltage, current and resistance: voltage = current X resistance 2.4 know that current is the rate of flow of charge 2.5 know and use the relationship between charge, current and time: charge = current X time 2. know that electric current in solid metallic conductors is a flow of negatively charged electrons 2.7 understand why current is conserved at a junction in a circuit 2.8 know that the voltage across two components connected in parallel is the same 2.9 calculate the currents, voltages and resistances of two resistive components connected in a series circuit 2.20 know that: voltage is the energy transferred per unit charge passed and the volt is a joule per coulomb. 2.2 know and use the relationship between energy transferred, charge and voltage: energy transferred = charge X voltage End of Topic Test (Based on above objectives) - Mains Electricity and Energy and Voltage in Circuits c. Electric Charge 2.22P identify common materials which are electrical conductors or insulators, including metals and plastics 2.2P practical: investigate how insulating materials can be charged by friction 2.24P explain how positive and negative electrostatic charges are produced on materials by the loss and gain of electrons 2.25P know that there are forces of attraction between unlike charges and forces of repulsion between like charges 2.2P explain electrostatic phenomena in terms of the movement of electrons 2.27P explain the potential dangers of electrostatic charges, e.g. when fuelling aircraft and tankers 2.28P explain some uses of electrostatic charges, e.g. in photocopiers and inkjet printers 4. Forces and Motion 4a. Movement and Position. plot and explain distance time graphs.4 know and use the relationship between average speed, distance moved and time taken..5 practical: investigate the motion of everyday objects such as toy cars or tennis balls. know and use the relationship between acceleration, change in velocity and time taken..7 plot and explain velocity-time graphs.8 determine acceleration from the gradient of a velocity time graph.9 determine the distance travelled from the area between a velocity time graph and the time axis.0 use the relationship between final speed, initial speed, acceleration and distance moved. 4b. Forces, movement, shape and momentum. describe the effects of forces between bodies such as changes in speed, shape or direction.2 identify different types of force such as gravitational or electrostatic. understand how vector quantities differ from scalar quantities.4 understand that force is a vector quantity.5 calculate the resultant force of forces that act along a line. know that friction is a force that opposes motion.7 know and use the relationship between unbalanced force, mass and acceleration..8 know and use the relationship between weight, mass and gravitational field strength.9 know that the stopping distance of a vehicle is made up of the sum of the thinking distance and the braking distance.20 describe the factors affecting vehicle stopping distance, including speed, mass, road condition and reaction time.2 describe the forces acting on falling objects (and explain why falling objects reach a terminal velocity).22 practical: investigate how extension varies with applied force for helical springs, metal wires and rubber bands.2 know that the initial linear region of a force-extension graph is associated with Hooke s law.24 describe elastic behaviour as the ability of a material to recover its original shape after the forces causing deformation have been removed End of Topic Test (Based on above objectives) - Forces and Motion /0/8-5//8 Year 0 Rehearsal Exam (Topics -4 to be examined)

2 2/ 8/0/8-0/05/8.25P know and use the relationship between momentum, mass and velocity..2p use the idea of momentum to explain safety features.27p use the conservation of momentum to calculate the mass, velocity or momentum of objects.28p use the relationship between force, change in momentum and time taken..29p demonstrate an understanding of Newton s third law.0p know and use the relationship between the moment of a force and its perpendicular distance from the pivot: 4 /05/8-07/0/8.P know that the weight of a body acts through its centre of gravity.2p use the principle of moments for a simple system of parallel forces acting in one plane.p understand how the upward forces on a light beam, supported at its ends, vary with the position of a heavy object placed on the beam 5 Astrophysics 5a. Motion in the Universe 8.2 know that: the universe is a large collection of billions of galaxies a galaxy is a large collection of billions of stars our solar system is in the Milky Way galaxy. 8. understand why gravitational field strength, g, varies and know that it is different on other planets and the Moon from that on the Earth 8.4 explain that gravitational force: causes moons to orbit planets causes the planets to orbit the Sun causes artificial satellites to orbit the Earth 0/0/8-28/0/8 causes comets to orbit the Sun. 8.5 describe the differences in the orbits of comets, moons and planets 8. use the relationship between orbital speed, orbital radius and time period. 5b. Stellar Evolution 8.7 understand how stars can be classified according to their colour 8.8 know that a star s colour is related to its surface temperature 8.9 describe the evolution of stars of similar mass to the Sun through the following stages: nebula star (main sequence) red giant white dwarf. 8.0 describe the evolution of stars with a mass larger than the Sun 8.P understand how the brightness of a star at a standard distance can berepresented using absolute magnitude 8.2P draw the main components of the Hertzsprung Russell diagram (HR diagram) 5c. Cosmology 8.P describe the past evolution of the universe and the main arguments in favour of the Big Bang 8.4P describe evidence that supports the Big Bang theory (red-shift and cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation) 8.5P describe that if a wave source is moving relative to an observer there will be a change in the observed frequency and wavelength 8.P use the equation relating change in wavelength, wavelength, velocity of a galaxy and the speed of light: 8.7P describe the red-shift in light received from galaxies at different distances away from the Earth 8.8P explain why the red-shift of galaxies provides evidence for the expansion of the universe End of Topic Test (Based on above objectives) - Astrophysics. Waves a. Properties of Waves.2 explain the difference between longitudinal and transverse waves. know the definitions of amplitude, wavefront, frequency, wavelength and period of a wave.4 know that waves transfer energy and information without transferring matter.5 know and use the relationship between the speed, frequency and wavelength of a wave:. use the relationship between frequency and time period:.7 use the above relationships in different contexts including sound waves and electromagnetic waves.8 explain why there is a change in the observed frequency and wavelength of a wave when its source is moving relative to an observer, and that this is known as the Doppler effect.9 explain that all waves can be reflected and refracted b. Electromagnetic Spectrum.0 know that light is part of a continuous electromagnetic spectrum that includes radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray and gamma ray radiations and that all these waves travel at the same speed in free space. know the order of the electromagnetic spectrum in terms of decreasing wavelength and increasing frequency, including the colours of the visible spectrum.2 explain some of the uses of electromagnetic radiations.. explain the detrimental effects of excessive exposure of the human body to electromagnetic waves. End of Topic Test (Based on above objectives) - Properties of Waves Year c. Light and Sound.4 know that light waves are transverse waves and that they can be reflected and refracted.5 use the law of reflection (the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection). draw ray diagrams to illustrate reflection and refraction.7 practical: investigate the refraction of light, using rectangular blocks, semi-circular blocks and triangular prisms.8 know and use the relationship between refractive index, angle of incidence and angle of refraction:.9 practical: investigate the refractive index of glass, using a glass block.20 describe the role of total internal reflection in transmitting information along optical fibres and in prisms.2 explain the meaning of critical angle c.22 know and use the relationship between critical angle and refractive index:..2 know that sound waves are longitudinal waves which can be reflected and refracted.24p know that the frequency range for human hearing is Hz.25P practical: investigate the speed of sound in air.2p understand how an oscilloscope and microphone can be used to display a sound wave.27p practical: investigate the frequency of a sound wave using an oscilloscope.28p understand how the pitch of a sound relates to the frequency of vibration of the source.29p understand how the loudness of a sound relates to the amplitude of vibration of the source End of Topic Test (Based on above objectives) - Light and Sound

3 Year 0 Physics Set 4 (Edexcel Single Award) /2 2 0/9/7-2/9/ /9/7-07/2/7 7/2/8-22/2/8 2 25/02/8 - /0/8 End of Topic Test (Based on above objectives) - Energy Transfer and Resources a.mains Electricity Complete Energy topic from year understand how the use of insulation, double insulation, earthing, fuses and circuit breakers protects the device or user in a range of domestic appliances 2. understand why a current in a resistor results in the electrical transfer of energy and an increase in temperature, and how this can be used in a variety of domestic contexts 2.4 know and use the relationship between power, current and voltage: power = current X voltage and apply the relationship to the selection of appropriate fuses 2.5 use the relationship between energy transferred, current, voltage and time: energy transferred = current X voltage X time 2. know the difference between mains electricity being alternating current (a.c.) and direct current (d.c.) being supplied by a cell or battery b. Energy and voltage in circuits 2.7 explain why a series or parallel circuit is more appropriate for particular applications, including domestic lighting 2.8 understand how the current in a series circuit depends on the applied voltage and the number and nature of other components 2.9 describe how current varies with voltage in wires, resistors, metal filament lamps and diodes, and how to investigate this experimentally 2.0 describe the qualitative effect of changing resistance on the current in a circuit 2. describe the qualitative variation of resistance of light-dependent resistors (LDRs) with illumination and thermistors with temperature 2.2 know that lamps and LEDs can be used to indicate the presence of a current in a circuit 2. know and use the relationship between voltage, current and resistance: voltage = current X resistance 2.4 know that current is the rate of flow of charge 2.5 know and use the relationship between charge, current and time: charge = current X time 2. know that electric current in solid metallic conductors is a flow of negatively charged electrons 2.7 understand why current is conserved at a junction in a circuit 2.8 know that the voltage across two components connected in parallel is the same 2.9 calculate the currents, voltages and resistances of two resistive components connected in a series circuit 2.20 know that: voltage is the energy transferred per unit charge passed and the volt is a joule per coulomb. 2.2 know and use the relationship between energy transferred, charge and voltage: energy transferred = charge X voltage End of Topic Test (Based on above objectives) - Mains Electricity and Energy and Voltage in Circuits 2.2P practical: investigate how insulating materials can be charged by friction 4. Forces and Motion 4a. Movement and Position. plot and explain distance time graphs.4 know and use the relationship between average speed, distance moved and time taken..5 practical: investigate the motion of everyday objects such as toy cars or tennis balls. know and use the relationship between acceleration, change in velocity and time taken..7 plot and explain velocity-time graphs.8 determine acceleration from the gradient of a velocity time graph.9 determine the distance travelled from the area between a velocity time graph and the time axis.0 use the relationship between final speed, initial speed, acceleration and distance moved. 4b. Forces, movement, shape and momentum. describe the effects of forces between bodies such as changes in speed, shape or direction.2 identify different types of force such as gravitational or electrostatic. understand how vector quantities differ from scalar quantities.4 understand that force is a vector quantity.5 calculate the resultant force of forces that act along a line. know that friction is a force that opposes motion.7 know and use the relationship between unbalanced force, mass and acceleration..8 know and use the relationship between weight, mass and gravitational field strength.9 know that the stopping distance of a vehicle is made up of the sum of the thinking distance and the braking distance.20 describe the factors affecting vehicle stopping distance, including speed, mass, road condition and reaction time.2 describe the forces acting on falling objects (and explain why falling objects reach a terminal velocity).22 practical: investigate how extension varies with applied force for helical springs, metal wires and rubber bands.2 know that the initial linear region of a force-extension graph is associated with Hooke s law.24 describe elastic behaviour as the ability of a material to recover its original shape after the forces causing deformation have been removed End of Topic Test (Based on above objectives) - Forces and Motion /0/8-5//8 Year 0 Rehearsal Exam (Topics -4 to be examined)

4 2/ 7 8/0/8-0/05/8 /05/8-2/0/8 5 Astrophysics 5a. Motion in the Universe 8.2 know that: the universe is a large collection of billions of galaxies a galaxy is a large collection of billions of stars our solar system is in the Milky Way galaxy. 8. understand why gravitational field strength, g, varies and know that it is different on other planets and the Moon from that on the Earth 8.4 explain that gravitational force: causes moons to orbit planets causes the planets to orbit the Sun causes artificial satellites to orbit the Earth causes comets to orbit the Sun. 8.5 describe the differences in the orbits of comets, moons and planets 8. use the relationship between orbital speed, orbital radius and time period. 5b. Stellar Evolution 8.7 understand how stars can be classified according to their colour 8.8 know that a star s colour is related to its surface temperature 8.9 describe the evolution of stars of similar mass to the Sun through the following stages: nebula star (main sequence) red giant white dwarf. 8.0 describe the evolution of stars with a mass larger than the Sun End of Topic Test (Based on above objectives) - Astrophysics. Waves a. Properties of Waves.2 explain the difference between longitudinal and transverse waves. know the definitions of amplitude, wavefront, frequency, wavelength and period of a wave.4 know that waves transfer energy and information without transferring matter.5 know and use the relationship between the speed, frequency and wavelength of a wave:. use the relationship between frequency and time period:.7 use the above relationships in different contexts including sound waves and electromagnetic waves.8 explain why there is a change in the observed frequency and wavelength of a wave when its source is moving relative to an observer, and that this is known as the Doppler effect.9 explain that all waves can be reflected and refracted b. Electromagnetic Spectrum.0 know that light is part of a continuous electromagnetic spectrum that includes radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray and gamma ray radiations and that all these waves travel at the same speed in free space. know the order of the electromagnetic spectrum in terms of decreasing wavelength and increasing frequency, including the colours of the visible spectrum.2 explain some of the uses of electromagnetic radiations.. explain the detrimental effects of excessive exposure of the human body to electromagnetic waves. End of Topic Test (Based on above objectives) - Properties of Waves Year c. Light and Sound.4 know that light waves are transverse waves and that they can be reflected and refracted.5 use the law of reflection (the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection). draw ray diagrams to illustrate reflection and refraction.7 practical: investigate the refraction of light, using rectangular blocks, semi-circular blocks and triangular prisms.8 know and use the relationship between refractive index, angle of incidence and angle of refraction:.9 practical: investigate the refractive index of glass, using a glass block.20 describe the role of total internal reflection in transmitting information along optical fibres and in prisms.2 explain the meaning of critical angle c.22 know and use the relationship between critical angle and refractive index:..2 know that sound waves are longitudinal waves which can be reflected and refracted.25p practical: investigate the speed of sound in air.27p practical: investigate the frequency of a sound wave using an oscilloscope End of Topic Test (Based on above objectives) - Light and Sound

5 Year Physics Sets, 2 and (Edexcel Separate Science) NB: Syllabus objectives highlighted in orange represent extended level content. 2 0/9/7-2/9/7 Complete waves topic from year 0 2//7-0//7 2 /2/7-2 / 2 24/9/7-9//7 2//7-2//7 7. Solids Liquids and Gases 7a. Density and Pressure 5. know and use the relationship between density, mass and volume: 5.4 practical: investigate density using direct measurements of mass and volume 5.5 know and use the relationship between pressure, force and area. 5. understand how the pressure at a point in a gas or liquid at rest acts equally in all directions 7b. Changes of State 5.7 understand the changes that occur when a solid melts to form a liquid, and when a liquid evaporates or boils to form a gas 5.8 describe the arrangement and motion of particles in solids, liquids and gases 7c. Ideal Gas Molecules 5.9 understand the significance of Brownian motion, as supporting evidence for particle theory 5.0 understand that molecules in a gas have a random motion and that they exert a force and hence a pressure on the walls of the container 5. understand why there is an absolute zero of temperature which is 27 C 5.2 describe the Kelvin scale of temperature and be able to convert between the Kelvin and Celsius scales 5. understand that an increase in temperature results in an increase in the average speed of gas molecules 5.4 understand that the Kelvin temperature of the gas is proportional to the average kinetic energy of its molecules 5.5 describe the qualitative relationship between pressure and Kelvin temperature for a gas in a sealed container 5. use the relationship between the pressure and Kelvin temperature of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume: 5.7 use the relationship between the pressure and volume of a fixed mass of gas at constant temperat End of Topic Test (Based on above objectives) - Changes of State and Ideal Gas 8a. Magnetism.2 understand that magnets repel and attract other magnets and attract magnetic substances. describe the properties of magnetically hard and soft materials.4 understand the term magnetic field line.5 understand that magnetism is induced in some materials when they are placed in a magnetic field. describe experiments to investigate the magnetic field pattern for a permanent bar magnet and that between two bar magnets.7 describe how to use two permanent magnets to produce a uniform magnetic field pattern. 8b. Electromagnetism.8 understand that an electric current in a conductor produces a magnetic field round it.9 describe the construction of electromagnets.0 sketch and recognise magnetic field patterns for a straight wire, a flat circular coil and a solenoid when each is carrying a current. understand that there is a force on a charged particle when it moves in a magnetic field as long as its motion is not parallel to the field.2 understand that a force is exerted on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field, and how this effect is applied in simple d.c. electric motors and loudspeakers. use the left hand rule to predict the direction of the resulting force when a wire carries a current perpendicular to a magnetic field.4 describe how the force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field increases with the strength of the field and with the current. Revision 2/2/7 Year Rehearsal Exam 07/0/8-25/0/ /02/8-22/0/8 08/04/7 8c. Electromagnetic Induction.5 understand that a voltage is induced in a conductor or a coil when it moves through a magnetic field or when a magnetic field changes through it and describe the factors which affect the size of th. describe the generation of electricity by the rotation of a magnet within a coil of wire and of a coil of wire within a magnetic field and describe the factors which affect the size of the induced voltag.7 describe the structure of a transformer, and understand that a transformer changes the size of an alternating voltage by having different numbers of turns on the input and output sides.8 explain the use of step-up and step-down transformers in the largescale generation and transmission of electrical energy.9 know and use the relationship between input (primary) and output (secondary) voltages and the turns ratio for a transformer.20 know and use the relationship: input power = output power End of Topic Test (Based on above objectives) - Electromagnetic Induction 9a. Radioactivity 7.2 describe the structure of an atom in terms of protons, neutrons and electrons and use symbols such as 4C to describe particular nuclei 7. understand the terms atomic (proton) number, mass (nucleon) number and isotope 7.4 understand that alpha and beta particles and gamma rays are ionizing radiations emitted from unstable nuclei in a random process 7.5 describe the nature of alpha and beta particles and gamma rays and recall that they may be distinguished in terms of penetrating power 7. describe the effects on the atomic and mass numbers of a nucleus of the emission of each of the three main types of radiation 7.7 understand how to complete balanced nuclear equations 7.8 understand that ionising radiations can be detected using a photographic film or a Geiger-Muller detector 7.9 explain the sources of background radiation 7.0 understand that the activity of a radioactive source decreases over a period of time and is measured in becquerels 7. understand the term half-life and understand that it is different for different radioactive isotopes 7.2 use the concept of half-life to carry out simple calculations on activity 7. describe the uses of radioactivity in medical and non-medical tracers, in radiotherapy, and in the radioactive dating of archaeological specimens and rocks 7.4 describe the dangers of ionising radiations, and describe how the associated risks can be reduced. 9b. Particles 7.5 describe the results of Geiger and Marsden s experiments with gold foil and alpha particles 7. describe Rutherford s nuclear model of the atom and how it accounts for the results of Geiger and Marsden s experiment and understand the factors (charge and speed) which affect the deflection 7.7 understand that a nucleus of U-25 can be split (the process of fission) by collision with a neutron, and that this process releases energy in the form of kinetic energy of the fission products 7.8 understand that the fission of U-25 produces two daughter nuclei and a small number of neutrons 7.9 understand that a chain reaction can be set up if the neutrons produced by one fission strike other U-25 nuclei 7.20 understand the role played by the control rods and moderator when the fission process is used as an energy source to generate electricity. End of Topic Test (Based on above objectives) - Radioactivity and Particles SPRING BREAK PAPER EXTERNAL EXAM PAPER 2 EXTERNAL EXAM

6 Year Physics Set 4 (CIE Combined Science) NB: Syllabus objectives highlighted in orange represent extended level content. 2 0/9/7-2/9/7 Complete waves topic from year 0 24/9/7-2//7 2 2//7-0//7 /2/ /0/8-22/0/8 08/04/8 7. Solids Liquids and Gases 4a State of matter 4.. State the distinguishing properties of solids, liquids and gases. 4b Molecular model 4.2 Describe qualitatively the molecular structure of solids, liquids and gases. 4. Relate the properties of solids, liquids and gases to the forces and distances between molecules and to the motion of the molecules. 4.4 Interpret the temperature of a gas in terms of the motion of its molecules. 4c Evaporation 4.5 Describe evaporation in terms of the escape of more energetic molecules from the surface of a liquid. 4. Relate evaporation to the consequent cooling 4.7 Practical: investigate evaporation 5. Matter and thermal properties 5. Describe qualitatively the thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases. 5.2 Identify and explain some of the everyday applications and consequences of thermal expansion. 5. State the meaning of melting point and boiling point. 5.4 Practical: investigate expansion and contraction using different materials End of topic test based on above objectives; State of matter. Transfer of thermal energy.a Conduction. Describe experiments to demonstrate the properties of good and bad conductors of heat..2 Explain heat transfer in solids in terms of molecular motion.. Practical: investigating conductions using different materials.b Convection. Recognise convection as the main method of heat transfer in liquids and gases..4 Extended: Relate convection in fluids to density changes..5 Describe experiments to illustrate convection in liquids and gases..c Radiation. Recognise radiation as the method of heat transfer that does not require a medium to travel through..7 Identify infra-red radiation as the part of the electromagnetic spectrum often involved in heat transfer by radiation..8 Extended: Describe experiments to show the properties of good and bad emitters and good and bad absorbers of infra-red radiation..8 Practical: investigating the effects of different surfaces on heat radiation for different materials..d Consequences of energy transfer.9 Identify and explain some of the everyday applications and consequences of conduction, convection and radiation End of topic test based on above objectives; Transfer of thermal energy Revision 2/2/7 Year Rehearsal Exam. Energy, Work and Power a. Energy. Know that energy and work are measured in joules (J), and power in watts (W)..2 Demonstrate understanding that an object may have energy due to its motion (kinetic energy, K.E.) or its position (potential energy, P.E.), and that energy may be transferred and stored.. Recall and use the expressions K.E. = /2 mv2 and P.E. = mgh.4 Give and identify examples of energy in different forms, including kinetic, gravitational, chemical, nuclear, thermal (heat), electrical, light and sound.5 Give and identify examples of the conversion of energy from one form to another, and of its transfer from one place to another.. Apply the principle of energy conservation to simple examples. b. Energy resources.7 Distinguish between renewable and non renewable sources of energy..8 Know that the Sun is the source of energy for all our energy resources except geothermal and nuclear..9 Describe how electricity or other useful forms of energy may be obtained from: chemical energy stored in fuel water, including the energy stored in waves, in tides, and in water behind hydroelectric dams geothermal resources heat and light from the Sun (solar cells and panels) wind. Research project and practical activity: making wind turbine and model of geomthermal and solar panel resources.9 Give advantages and disadvantages of each method in terms of reliability, scale and environmental impact..0 Demonstrate a qualitative understanding of efficiency.. Recall and use the equation: efficiency = useful energy output energy input 00% Practical activity: understanding and calculating efficiency of different electrical devices. c. Work.2 Relate (without calculation) work done to the magnitude of a force and the distance moved.. Describe energy changes in terms of work done.4 Recall and use W = F d d. Power.5 Relate (without calculation) power to work done and time taken, using appropriate examples.. Recall and use the equation P = E / t in simple systems. Practical activity: understanding and calculating power for different electrical devices. End of topic test based on above objectives; Energy, work and power SPRING BREAK PAPER EXTERNAL EXAM PAPER 2 EXTERNAL EXAM