Lipidic Protic Ionic Liquid Crystals
|
|
- Marsha Harvey
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 SUPPORTING INFORMATION Lipidic Protic Ionic Liquid Crystals Guilherme J. Maximo, Ricardo J. B. N. Santos, José A. Lopes-da-Silva, Mariana C. Costa, Antonio J. A. Meirelles and João A. P. Coutinho* Laboratory of Extraction, Applied Thermodynamics and Equilibrium, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, , Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. CICECO, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, , Aveiro, Portugal. QOPNA, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, , Aveiro, Portugal. School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, , Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil. PAGES: 6 FIGURES: 1 TABLES: 4 S1
2 SUPPORTING INFORMATION H eut / kj mol x fatty acid Figure S1. Tammann plots of the eutectic transitions H eut in the ethanolamine-rich region (x = 0.0 to 0.5 fatty acid molar fraction) and in the fatty acid-rich region (x = 0.5 to 1.0 fatty acid molar fraction) of the (+) oleic acid + monoethanolamine, ( ) oleic acid + diethanolamine, ( ) stearic acid + monoethanolamine and ( ) stearic acid + diethanolamine systems. Solid lines are linear fitting of the data (R 2 > 0.95 considering that y = 0.0 at the pure compounds concentration). Dashed lines are supposed plots close to pure component concentration. ( ) Diethanolamine and ( ) monoethanolamine melting enthalpy for analysis purpose. S2
3 Table S1. Experimental solid-liquid equilibrium data for oleic acid + ethanolamine systems for molar fraction x, temperature T and pressure p = kpa. oleic acid (1) + monoethanolamine (2) oleic acid (1) + diethanolamine (2) x 1 T eut / K T 1 / K T m / K T LCm / K x 1 T eut / K T 1 / K T 2 / K T m / K T LCm / K T eut is the temperature of the eutectic transition, T 1 and T 2 are the temperatures of the other invariant transitions, T m is the melting temperature (liquidus line) and T LCm is the melting of the liquid crystal. Uncertainties for molar fraction and pressure are ± and ± 0.5 kpa, respectively. Uncertainty for temperatures T eut, T 1, T 2, T m is ± 0.4 K and for temperature T LCm is ± 1.0 K. S3
4 Table S2. Experimental solid-liquid equilibrium data for stearic acid + ethanolamine systems for mole fraction x, temperature T and pressure p = kpa. stearic acid (1) + monoethanolamine (2) stearic acid (1) + diethanolamine (2) x 1 T eut / K T m / K T LCm / K x 1 T eut / K T 1 / K T m / K T LCm / K T eut is the temperature of the eutectic transition, T 1 is the temperature of the other invariant transitions, T m is the melting temperature (liquidus line) and T LCm is the melting of the liquid crystal. Uncertainties for molar fraction and pressure are ± and ± 0.5 kpa, respectively. Uncertainty for temperatures T eut, T 1, T 2, T m is ± 0.4 K and for temperature T LCm is ± 1.0 K. S4
5 Table S3. Rheological models parameters related to shear stress / shear rate curves fitted to flow experimental data for the monoethanolammonium oleate T / K σ 0 / Pa K n R 2 model Bingham plastic Vocadlo Vocadlo Vocadlo Vocadlo Vocadlo Vocadlo Vocadlo Vocadlo Vocadlo Vocadlo Vocadlo Newtonian Newtonian Newtonian K V for Vocadlo model, η for Bingham plastic model and η for Newtonian model. n V for Vocadlo model. S5
6 Table S4. Rheological models parameters related to shear stress / shear rate curves fitted to flow experimental data for the diethanolammonium oleate T / K σ 0 / Pa K n R 2 model H-B H-B H-B Shear thinning Shear thinning Shear thinning Shear thinning Newtonian Newtonian Newtonian Newtonian Newtonian Newtonian Newtonian Newtonian K for shear-thinning model, K H for H-B model and η for Newtonian model. n for shear-thinning model and n H for H-B model. S6
Is it possible to create ternary-like aqueous biphasic systems. with deep eutectic solvents?
Is it possible to create ternary-like aqueous biphasic systems with deep eutectic solvents? Fabiane Oliveira Farias 1, Helena Passos 2, Álvaro S. Lima 3, Marcos R. Mafra 1 and João A. P. Coutinho* 2 1
More informationTunable hydrophobic eutectic solvents based on terpenes and monocarboxylic acids
Supporting Information Tunable hydrophobic eutectic solvents based on terpenes and monocarboxylic s Mónia A. R. Martins 1-4, Emanuel A. Crespo 1,5, Paula V. A. Pontes 4, Liliana P. Silva 1, Mark Bülow
More informationChemistry 360 Spring 2017 Dr. Jean M. Standard April 19, Exam points
Chemistry 360 pring 2017 Dr. Jean M. tandard April 19, 2017 Name Exam 3 100 points Note: You must show your work on problems in order to receive full credit for any answers. You must turn in your equation
More information2SO 2(g) + O 2(g) Increasing the temperature. (Total 1 mark) Enthalpy data for the reacting species are given in the table below.
Q1.Which change would alter the value of the equilibrium constant (K p) for this reaction? 2SO 2(g) + O 2(g) 2SO 3(g) A Increasing the total pressure of the system. Increasing the concentration of sulfur
More informationLecture 3. Properties of Fluids 11/01/2017. There are thermodynamic properties of fluids like:
11/01/2017 Lecture 3 Properties of Fluids There are thermodynamic properties of fluids like: Pressure, p (N/m 2 ) or [ML -1 T -2 ], Density, ρ (kg/m 3 ) or [ML -3 ], Specific weight, γ = ρg (N/m 3 ) or
More informationCh. 6 Enthalpy Changes
Ch. 6 Enthalpy Changes Energy: The capacity to do work. In Physics, there are 2 main types of energy Kinetic (energy of motion) = ½ mv 2 Potential (energy of position due to gravity)= mgh In Chemistry,
More informationPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEM330
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEM330 Duration: 3 hours Total Marks: 100 Internal Examiner: External Examiner: Professor B S Martincigh Professor J C Swarts University of the Free State INSTRUCTIONS: 1. Answer five
More informationX B1 X B Quiz Fall points total. 1. Thermodynamics. (50 points)
3.012 Quiz 4 3.012 12.15.03 Fall 2003 100 points total 1. Thermodynamics. (50 points) a. Shown below is a portion of the nickel-titanium binary phase diagram. Using the diagram, answer the questions below.
More informationProblem Set #10 Assigned November 8, 2013 Due Friday, November 15, 2013 Please show all work for credit To Hand in
Problem Set #10 Assigned November 8, 2013 Due Friday, November 15, 2013 Please show all work for credit To Hand in 1. 2. 1 3. 4. The vapor pressure of an unknown solid is approximately given by ln(p/torr)
More informationContents. Content Guidance. Questions & Answers. Getting the most from this book... 4 About this book... 5
Contents Getting the most from this book... 4 About this book.... 5 Content Guidance Atomic structure......................................... 6 Amount of substance....................................
More informationUsing thermodynamics to assess the molecular interactions of tetrabutylphosphonium carboxylate-water mixtures
10.1071/CH18481_AC CSIRO 2019 Australian Journal of Chemistry Supplementary Material Using thermodynamics to assess the molecular interactions of tetrabutylphosphonium carboxylate-water mixtures Darius
More informationChemistry 2000 Lecture 9: Entropy and the second law of thermodynamics
Chemistry 2000 Lecture 9: Entropy and the second law of thermodynamics Marc R. Roussel January 23, 2018 Marc R. Roussel Entropy and the second law January 23, 2018 1 / 29 States in thermodynamics The thermodynamic
More information17.4 Calculating Heats Essential Understanding Heats of reaction can be calculated when it is difficult or
17.4 Calculating Heats of Reaction Essential Understanding Heats of reaction can be calculated when it is difficult or impossible to measure them directly. Lesson Summary Hess s Law Hess s law provides
More informationThe Gibbs Phase Rule F = 2 + C - P
The Gibbs Phase Rule The phase rule allows one to determine the number of degrees of freedom (F) or variance of a chemical system. This is useful for interpreting phase diagrams. F = 2 + C - P Where F
More informationUNIT 15: THERMODYNAMICS
UNIT 15: THERMODYNAMICS ENTHALPY, DH ENTROPY, DS GIBBS FREE ENERGY, DG ENTHALPY, DH Energy Changes in Reactions Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between two bodies that are at different temperatures.
More informationThe Second Law of Thermodynamics (Chapter 4)
The Second Law of Thermodynamics (Chapter 4) First Law: Energy of universe is constant: ΔE system = - ΔE surroundings Second Law: New variable, S, entropy. Changes in S, ΔS, tell us which processes made
More informationFirst Law of Thermodynamics
Energy Energy: ability to do work or produce heat. Types of energy 1) Potential energy - energy possessed by objects due to position or arrangement of particles. Forms of potential energy - electrical,
More informationDual Program Level 1 Physics Course
Dual Program Level 1 Physics Course Assignment 15 Due: 11/Feb/2012 14:00 Assume that water has a constant specific heat capacity of 4190 J/kg K at all temperatures between its melting point and boiling
More informationRheological properties of crude oils in Yaregskoye and Yaraktinskoye oil fields
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science PAPER OPEN ACCESS Rheological properties of crude oils in Yaregskoye and Yaraktinskoye oil fields Related content - Steam-assisted gravity drainage
More informationChemistry 2000 Fall 2017 Test 2 Version A Solutions
Chemistry 2000 Fall 207 Test 2 Version A Solutions. Start with a balanced reaction: (a) liquid water: C 2 H 4(g) + 3 O 2(g) 2 CO 2(g) + 2 H 2 O r S = 2S (CO 2 ) + 2S (H 2 O, l) [S (C 2 H 4 ) + 3S (O 2
More informationClass XI Chapter 6 Thermodynamics Question 6.1: Choose the correct answer. A thermodynamic state function is a quantity (i) used to determine heat changes (ii) whose value is independent of path (iii)
More informationModern Chemistry Chapter 12- Solutions
Modern Chemistry Chapter 12- Solutions Section 1- Types of Mixtures Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances in a single phase. Soluble describes a substance as capable of being dissolved.
More informationUNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA
UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA First Semester Examination Academic Session 2011/2012 January 2012 EBB 512/3 Phase Diagram and Phase Equilibra Duration : 3 hours Please ensure that this examination paper contains
More informationBrief reminder of the previous lecture
Brief reminder of the previous lecture partial molar quantities: contribution of each component to the properties of mixtures V j V = G µ = j n j n j pt,, n pt,, n dg = Vdp SdT + µ dn + µ dn +... A A B
More informationSection 9: Thermodynamics and Energy
Section 9: Thermodynamics and Energy The following maps the videos in this section to the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Science TAC 112.35(c). 9.01 Law of Conservation of Energy Chemistry (11)(A)
More information2 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
CHEMISTRY & YOU Chapter 17 Thermochemistry 17.1 The Flow of Energy 17. Measuring and Expressing Enthalpy Changes 17.3 Heat in Changes of State 17.4 Calculating Heats of Reaction Why does sweating help
More informationThermodynamics: Entropy
Name: Band: Date: Thermodynamics: Entropy Big Idea: Entropy When we were studying enthalpy, we made a generalization: most spontaneous processes are exothermic. This is a decent assumption to make because
More informationOCR Chemistry A H432
All the energy changes we have considered so far have been in terms of enthalpy, and we have been able to predict whether a reaction is likely to occur on the basis of the enthalpy change associated with
More informationName: Class: Date: SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided.
CHAPTER 10 REVIEW States of Matter SECTION 1 SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided. 1. Identify whether the descriptions below describe an ideal gas or a real gas. a. The gas
More informationMultiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Chem 102--Exam #2 Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. When water is measured in a plastic graduated cylinder, a reverse meniscus
More informationCHAPTER THERMODYNAMICS
54 CHAPTER THERMODYNAMICS 1. If ΔH is the change in enthalpy and ΔE the change in internal energy accompanying a gaseous reaction, then ΔHis always greater than ΔE ΔH< ΔE only if the number of moles of
More information13 Energetics II. Eg. Na (g) Na + (g) + e - ΔH = +550 kj mol -1
13 Energetics II First ionisation energy I(1) or IE (1): the energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of the gaseous atoms of an element to 1 mole of gaseous monopositive ions. Eg.
More informationExam 3 Solutions. ClO g. At 200 K and a total pressure of 1.0 bar, the partial pressure ratio for the chlorine-containing compounds is p ClO2
Chemistry 360 Dr. Jean M. Standard Fall 2016 Name KEY Exam 3 Solutions 1.) (14 points) Consider the gas phase decomposition of chlorine dioxide, ClO 2, ClO 2 ( g) ClO ( g) + O ( g). At 200 K and a total
More informationGeneral Physical Chemistry I
General Physical Chemistry I Lecture 11 Aleksey Kocherzhenko March 12, 2015" Last time " W Entropy" Let be the number of microscopic configurations that correspond to the same macroscopic state" Ø Entropy
More informationTable of Contents Preface PART I. MATHEMATICS
Table of Contents Preface... v List of Recipes (Algorithms and Heuristics)... xi PART I. MATHEMATICS... 1 Chapter 1. The Game... 3 1.1 Systematic Problem Solving... 3 1.2 Artificial Intelligence and the
More informationKEYWORDS: Ethyl Oleate, Isopropanol, ultrasonic speed, viscosity, density, FT-IR spectroscopy.
IJSRT INTRNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NGINRING SCINCS & RSARCH TCHNOLOGY FT-IR AND ULTRASONIC STUDIS ON BINARY MIXTURS OF THYL OLAT + ISOPROPANOL AT K TO K TMPRATURS Srilatha.M, Chinnarao.D, Padmarao.CH.V Research
More informationPhysics 111. Lecture 39 (Walker: 17.6, 18.2) Latent Heat Internal Energy First Law of Thermodynamics May 8, Latent Heats
Physics 111 Lecture 39 (Walker: 17.6, 18.2) Latent Heat Internal Energy First Law of Thermodynamics May 8, 2009 Lecture 39 1/26 Latent Heats The heat required to convert from one phase to another is called
More informationDATA THAT YOU MAY USE UNITS Conventional Volume ml or cm 3 = cm 3 or 10-3 dm 3 Liter (L) = dm 3 Pressure atm = 760 torr = Pa CONSTANTS
DATA THAT YOU MAY USE UNITS Conventional S.I. Volume ml or cm 3 = cm 3 or 0-3 dm 3 Liter (L) = dm 3 Pressure atm = 760 torr =.03 0 5 Pa torr = 33.3 Pa Temperature C 0 C = 73.5 K PV L-atm =.03 0 5 dm 3
More informationSupplementary material. Ohmic heating as a new efficient process for organic synthesis in water
Supplementary material Ohmic heating as a new efficient process for organic synthesis in water Joana Pinto, a Vera L. M. Silva, a* Ana M. G. Silva, b Artur M. S. Silva, a* José C. S. Costa, c Luís M. N.
More informationB. Correct! Good work. F = C P + 2 = = 2 degrees of freedom. Good try. Hint: Think about the meaning of components and phases.
Physical Chemistry - Problem Drill 06: Phase Equilibrium No. 1 of 10 1. The Gibbs Phase Rule is F = C P + 2, how many degrees of freedom does a system have that has two independent components and two phases?
More informationGeneral Entropy Trends
General Entropy Trends The following generally show an in entropy: 1. Phase changes from solid to liquid, or liquid to gas or a solid to a gas. SOLID LIQUID GAS low entropy high entropy 2. Chemical reactions
More informationUnit 7 Kinetics and Thermodynamics
17.1 The Flow of Energy Heat and Work Unit 7 Kinetics and Thermodynamics I. Energy Transformations A. Temperature 1. A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter B. Heat
More informationDensities and Viscosities of Mixtures of Two Ionic Liquids Containing a Common Cation
Densities and Viscosities of Mitures of Two Ionic Liquids Containing a Common Cation Hugo F. D. Almeida 1,2, José N. Canongia Lopes 1,3, Luís P. N. Rebelo 1, João A. P. Coutinho 2, Mara G. Freire 2, Isabel
More informationCHAPTER 10. States of Matter
CHAPTER 10 States of Matter Kinetic Molecular Theory Kinetikos - Moving Based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion The motion has consequences Explains the behavior of Gases, Liquids,
More informationCHAPTER 10. Kinetic Molecular Theory. Five Assumptions of the KMT. Atmospheric Pressure
Kinetic Molecular Theory CHAPTER 10 States of Matter Kinetikos - Moving Based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion The motion has consequences Explains the behavior of Gases, Liquids,
More informationReaction Rate and Equilibrium Chapter 19 Assignment & Problem Set
Reaction Rate and Equilibrium Name Warm-Ups (Show your work for credit) Date 1. Date 2. Date 3. Date 4. Date 5. Date 6. Date 7. Date 8. Reaction Rate and Equilibrium 2 Study Guide: Things You Must Know
More informationChemical Thermodynamics. Chapter 18
Chemical Thermodynamics Chapter 18 Thermodynamics Spontaneous Processes Entropy and Second Law of Thermodynamics Entropy Changes Gibbs Free Energy Free Energy and Temperature Free Energy and Equilibrium
More informationDENSITY, VISCOSITY AND EXCESS PROPERTIES OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PROTIC IONIC LIQUID (2-HDEAF, 2-HDEAA) + WATER AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES
Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering ISSN 14-6632 Printed in Brazil www.scielo.br/bjce Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 383-394, April - June, 218 dx.doi.org/1.159/14-6632.218352s21628 DENSITY, VISCOSITY AND EXCESS
More informationNon-Newtonian fluids is the fluids in which shear stress is not directly proportional to deformation rate, such as toothpaste,
CHAPTER1: Basic Definitions, Zeroth, First, and Second Laws of Thermodynamics 1.1. Definitions What does thermodynamic mean? It is a Greeks word which means a motion of the heat. Water is a liquid substance
More informationFuel, Air, and Combustion Thermodynamics
Chapter 3 Fuel, Air, and Combustion Thermodynamics 3.1) What is the molecular weight, enthalpy (kj/kg), and entropy (kj/kg K) of a gas mixture at P = 1000 kpa and T = 500 K, if the mixture contains the
More informationIntroduction to Geology Spring 2008
MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 12.001 Introduction to Geology Spring 2008 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. RHEOLOGICAL MODELS Rheology
More informationFree-energy change ( G) and entropy change ( S)
Free-energy change ( G) and entropy change ( S) A SPONTANEOUS PROCESS (e.g. diffusion) will proceed on its own without any external influence. A problem with H A reaction that is exothermic will result
More informationThermochemistry and Thermodynamics. What is the standard heat of formation of methane, H f CH 4 (g), as calculated from the data above?
Thermochemistry and Thermodynamics 38% 1. H 4 (g) + 2 O 2 (g) O 2 (g) + 2 H 2 O(l); = - 889.1 kj H f H 2 O(l) = - 285.8 kj / mole H f O 2 (g) = - 393.3 kj / mole What is the standard heat of formation
More informationThe Direction of Spontaneous Change: Entropy and Free Energy
The Direction of Spontaneous Change: Entropy and Free Energy Reading: from Petrucci, Harwood and Herring (8th edition): Required for Part 1: Sections 20-1 through 20-4. Recommended for Part 1: Sections
More informationFoundations of Chemical Kinetics. Lecture 30: Transition-state theory in the solution phase
Foundations of Chemical Kinetics Lecture 30: Transition-state theory in the solution phase Marc R. Roussel Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Transition-state theory in solution We revisit our original
More information5. What is the name of the phase transition that occurs when a solid is converted directly into a gas (without going through the liquid phase)?
1. If the volume of a confined gas is doubled while the temperature remains constant, what change (if any) would be observed in the pressure? a. It would be half as large. b. It would double. c. It would
More informationEnthalpies of Reaction
Enthalpies of Reaction Enthalpy is an extensive property Magnitude of H is directly related to the amount of reactant used up in a process. CH 4 (g) + 2O 2 (g) CO 2 (g) + 2H 2 O(l) H = 890 kj 2CH 4 (g)
More informationKinetic energy is the energy of motion (of particles). Potential energy involves stored energy (energy locked up in chemical bonds)
Enthalpy (H) Enthalpy (H) is the total energy amount (Epotential + Ekinetic) of a system during a chemical reaction under constant temperature and pressure conditions. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion
More informationModeling Vapor Liquid Equilibrium of Binary and Ternary Systems of CO 2 + Hydrocarbons at High-Pressure Conditions
A publication of CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 57, 2017 Guest Editors: Sauro Pierucci, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Laura Piazza, Serafim Bakalis Copyright 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-48-8;
More informationChem 112 Exam 1 Version A Spring /16/ :00am/Odago, M. O.
Chem 112 Exam 1 Version A Spring 2011 02/16/2011 10:00am/Odago, M. O. 1. The pressure of a certain gas is measured to be 25.1 mmhg. What is this pressure expressed in units of pascals? (1 atm=1.0125 x10
More informationThermodynamics. For the process to occur under adiabatic conditions, the correct condition is: (iii) q = 0. (iv) = 0
Thermodynamics Choose the correct answer. A thermodynamic state function is a quantity (i) used to determine heat changes (ii) whose value is independent of path (iii) used to determine pressure volume
More informationChapter Eighteen. Thermodynamics
Chapter Eighteen Thermodynamics 1 Thermodynamics Study of energy changes during observed processes Purpose: To predict spontaneity of a process Spontaneity: Will process go without assistance? Depends
More informationFall Possibly Useful Information: 1 atm = lb/in 2 = kpa. 1 atm = 101,325 N/m 2 = 760 mmhg. 1 atm = 101,325 Pa = 1.
Chemistry 122 (Tyvoll) Fall 2005 PRACTICE EXAMINATION I Possibly Useful Information: 1 atm = 14.70 lb/in 2 = 101.325 kpa 1 atm = 101,325 N/m 2 = 760 mmg 1 atm = 101,325 Pa = 1.01325 bar 1 atm = 1013.25
More information8.6 The Thermodynamic Standard State
8.6 The Thermodynamic Standard State The value of H reported for a reaction depends on the number of moles of reactants...or how much matter is contained in the system C 3 H 8 (g) + 5O 2 (g) > 3CO 2 (g)
More informationChapter 14. Liquids and Solids
Chapter 14 Liquids and Solids Review Solid - Has a definite (fixed) shape and volume (cannot flow). Liquid - Definite volume but takes the shape of its container (flows). Gas Has neither fixed shape nor
More informationPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEM330
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEM330 Duration: 3 hours Total Marks: 100 Internal Examiner: External Examiner: Professor B S Martincigh Professor J C Swarts University of the Free State INSTRUCTIONS: 1. Answer five
More informationSUPPORTING INFORMATION
SUPPORTING INFORMATION High Ionicity Ionic Liquids (HIILs): Comparing Ethylsulfonate and Ethylsulfate Anion Effect. Filipe S. Oliveira a, Ana B. Pereiro a, João M. M. Araújo a, Carlos E. S. Bernardes b,
More informationLecture 4-6 Equilibrium
Lecture 4-6 Equilibrium Discontinuity in the free energy, G verses T graph is an indication of phase transition. For one-component system, existing in two phases, the chemical potentials of each of these
More informationRecitation: 12 12/04/03
Recitation: 12 12/4/3 Regular Solution Solution: In an ideal solution, the only contribution to the Gibbs free energy of ing is the configurational entropy due to a random ture: ΔG id G id = x + x µ µ
More informationlattice formation from gaseous ions
BORN HABER CYCLES The Born Haber cycles is an adaption of Hess s law to calculate lattice enthalpy from other data The lattice enthalpy cannot be determined directly. We calculate it indirectly by making
More informationPercent Composition and Empirical Formulas
Percent Composition and Empirical Formulas Content Objectives SWBAT calculate the percent composition by mass of each element in a compound. SWBAT calculate the empirical formula of a compound based on
More informationThermodynamics. Standard enthalpy change, H
Standard enthalpy change, H Thermodynamics Enthalpy change, H, is defined as the heat energy change measured under conditions of constant pressure. The value of the enthalpy change for a particular reaction
More informationTopic 1: Stoichiometric relationships Introduction to the particulate nature of matter and chemical change. Topic 2: Atomic structure 6
Syllabus Core 95 hours Topic 1: Stoichiometric relationships 13.5 1.1 Introduction to the particulate nature of matter and chemical change 1.2 The mole concept 1.3 Reacting masses and volumes Topic 2:
More informationRheological Properties
Rheological Properties Shear Stress the force experienced by the liquid is proportional to the area of the upper plate and is defined as the shear stress, σ = F/A (Units = Nm -2 or Pascals [Pa]) Shear
More informationWhat is a spontaneous reaction? One, that given the necessary activation energy, proceeds without continuous outside assistance
What is a spontaneous reaction? One, that given the necessary activation energy, proceeds without continuous outside assistance Why do some reactions occur spontaneously & others do not? Atoms react to
More informationD A(g) + B(g) C(g) endothermic (Total 1 mark) [Cu(H 2O) 6] H 2NCH 2CH 2NH 2 [Cu(H 2NCH 2CH 2NH 2) 2(H 2O) 2] H 2O (Total 1 mark)
Q1.Which one of the equations below represents a reaction that is feasible at all temperatures? P(s) Q(s) + R(g) endothermic 2L(g) + M(g) 2N(g) exothermic S(g) 2T(g) exothermic (g) + (g) (g) endothermic
More informationTopic 05 Energetics : Heat Change. IB Chemistry T05D01
Topic 05 Energetics 5.1-5.2: Heat Change IB Chemistry T05D01 5.1 Exothermic and endothermic reactions - 1 hour 5.1.1 Define the terms exothermic reaction, endothermic reaction and standard enthalpy change
More informationEntropy and Free Energy. The Basis for Thermodynamics
Entropy and Free Energy The Basis for Thermodynamics First law of thermodynamics: The change in the energy of a system U = q+ w is the sum of the heat and the work done by or on the system. the first law
More informationModule 5: Combustion Technology. Lecture 32: Fundamentals of thermochemistry
1 P age Module 5: Combustion Technology Lecture 32: Fundamentals of thermochemistry 2 P age Keywords : Heat of formation, enthalpy change, stoichiometric coefficients, exothermic reaction. Thermochemistry
More informationCh 10 Practice Problems
Ch 10 Practice Problems 1. Which of the following result(s) in an increase in the entropy of the system? I. (See diagram.) II. Br 2(g) Br 2(l) III. NaBr(s) Na + (aq) + Br (aq) IV. O 2(298 K) O 2(373 K)
More informationN h (6.02x10 )(6.63x10 )
CHEM 5200 - Final Exam - December 13, 2018 INFORMATION PAGES (Use for reference and for scratch paper) Constants and Conversion Factors: R = 8.31 J/mol-K = 8.31 kpa-l/mol-k = 0.00831 kj/mol-k 1 L-atm =
More informationModelling the phase and crystallisation behaviour of fat mixtures
Modelling the phase and crystallisation behaviour of fat mixtures Jan Los & Elias Vlieg IMM Solid State Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands Introduction Equilibrium Kinetics The full
More informationc) Explain the observations in terms of the DYNAMIC NATURE of the equilibrium system.
Chemical Equilibrium - Part A: 1. At 25 o C and 101.3 kpa one mole of hydrogen gas and one mol of chlorine gas are reacted in a stoppered reaction vessel. After a certain time, three gases are detected
More informationModelling the Rheology of Semi-Concentrated Polymeric Composites
THALES Project No 1188 Modelling the Rheology of Semi-Concentrated Polymeric Composites Research Team Evan Mitsoulis (PI), Professor, NTUA, Greece Costas Papoulias (Research Student), NTUA, Greece Souzanna
More informationChapter 2 Heat, Temperature and the First Law of Thermodynamics
Chapter 2 Heat, Temperature and the First Law of Thermodynamics 2.1. Temperature and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics 2.2. Thermal Expansion 2.3. Heat and the Absorption of Heat by Solids and Liquids 2.4.
More informationand mol of Cl 2 was heated in a vessel of fixed volume to a constant temperature, the following reaction reached equilibrium.
Q1. When a mixture of 0.45 mol of PCl and 0.68 mol of Cl was heated in a vessel of fixed volume to a constant temperature, the following reaction reached equilibrium. PCl + Cl PCl 5 H = 9 kj mol 1 At equilibrium,
More information= = 10.1 mol. Molar Enthalpies of Vaporization (at Boiling Point) Molar Enthalpy of Vaporization (kj/mol)
Ch 11 (Sections 11.1 11.5) Liquid Phase Volume and Density - Liquid and solid are condensed phases and their volumes are not simple to calculate. - This is different from gases, which have volumes that
More informationQuantities, Units, Symbols and Nomenclature used in NCEA Chemistry Level 3 and Scholarship Examination Papers
1 Quantities, Units, Symbols and Nomenclature used in NCEA Chemistry Level 3 and Scholarship Examination Papers NCEA Chemistry examinations will use the following information, which has been based on International
More informationQ.1 Write out equations for the reactions between...
1 CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM Dynamic Equilibrium not all reactions proceed to completion some end up with a mixture of reactants and products this is because some reactions are reversible; products revert to
More informationLiquid. T > Tm Liquid has. Solid T < Tm Solid has. the lower free energy T. Demo. the lower free energy. Solutions.
Just to be clear about Free Energy Super Cooled or Super Heated G = H - TS straight line assumes that H and S are independent of temperature Slope is given by S Liquid has a larger entropy and therefore
More informationChemistry 2000 Fall 2017 Test 2 Version B Solutions
Chemistry 2000 Fall 207 Test 2 Version B Solutions. Start with a balanced reaction: (a) liquid water: CH (g) + 2 O 2(g) CO 2(g) + 2 H 2 O r S = S (CO 2 ) + 2S (H 2 O, l) [S (CH ) + 2S (O 2 )] = 23.7 +
More informationThis paper contains 7 questions in 5 pages (8 pages with answers). Check the question paper. is believed to follow the following
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, IIT MADRAS CY 101: Equilibrium and Dynamics of Chemical Systems I B. Tech. End Semester Examination; 28 November, 2005 Mars: 60(this part); Time: 3 hours (total) This paper contains
More information3.012 PS 7 Thermo solutions Issued: Fall 2003 Graded problems due:
3.012 PS 7 Thermo solutions 3.012 Issued: 11.17.03 Fall 2003 Graded problems due: 11.26.03 Graded problems: 1. Analysis of equilibrium phases with a binary phase diagram. Shown below is the phase diagram
More informationLecture 6. NONELECTROLYTE SOLUTONS
Lecture 6. NONELECTROLYTE SOLUTONS NONELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS SOLUTIONS single phase homogeneous mixture of two or more components NONELECTROLYTES do not contain ionic species. CONCENTRATION UNITS percent
More information3.2.1 Energetics. Bond Enthalpy. 98 minutes. 96 marks. Page 1 of 16
3..1 Energetics Bond Enthalpy 98 minutes 96 marks Page 1 of 16 Q1. (a) State what is meant by the term mean bond enthalpy. () (b) Ethanal has the structure Gaseous ethanal burns as shown by the equation
More informationCORRELATING SOLUBILITY VALUES OF BLACK PEPPER OIL IN SUPERCRITICAL CO 2 USING EMPIRICAL MODELS
CORRELATING SOLUBILITY VALUES OF BLACK PEPPER OIL IN SUPERCRITICAL CO 2 USING EMPIRICAL MODELS SILVA, D. C. M. N. 1, FERREIRA, S.R.S. 1,*, MEIRELES, M.A.A. 2 1 LATESC/EQA/CTC UFSC, CP 476-88040-900, Florianópolis,
More informationChapter 10. Lesson Starter. Why did you not smell the odor of the vapor immediately? Explain this event in terms of the motion of molecules.
Preview Lesson Starter Objectives The Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases The Kinetic-Molecular Theory and the Nature of Gases Deviations of Real Gases from Ideal Behavior Section 1 The Kinetic-Molecular
More information3.012 PS Issued: Fall 2003 Graded problems due:
3.012 PS 7 3.012 Issued: 11.18.03 Fall 2003 Graded problems due: 11.26.03 Graded problems As usual, try as much as possible to explain in a narrative form your reasoning (as opposed to writing down bare
More informationCRYSTAL STRUCTURE, PHASE CHANGES, AND PHASE DIAGRAMS
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE, PHASE CHANGES, AND PHASE DIAGRAMS CRYSTAL STRUCTURE CRYSTALLINE AND AMORPHOUS SOLIDS Crystalline solids have an ordered arrangement. The long range order comes about from an underlying
More informationClass XI Chapter 6 Thermodynamics Chemistry
Class XI Chapter 6 Chemistry Question 6.1: Choose the correct answer. A thermodynamic state function is a quantity (i) used to determine heat changes (ii) whose value is independent of path (iii) used
More information