Sample Final Exam SPH4U0

Transcription

1 Sample Final Exam SPH4U0 Part A: Multiple Choice (30 pts.) Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which variable is most closely related to inertia? a. density b. mass c. volume d. shape e. texture 2. A 12.0 N net force acts on a 4.0 kg object for a time of 2.0 s. What is the object s change in velocity? a m/s b. 1.5 m/s c. 3.0 m/s d. 5.0 m/s e. 6.0 m/s 3. A cart is pushed along a frictionless air track. As the cart moves, the pusher slowly starts pushing downwards with her right hand with a harder and harder forces. Meanwhile her left hand continues to push horizontally with a constant force parallel to the track s surface. What happens to the cart s motion? a. It experiences a constant acceleration downward. b. It experiences an acceleration that is not constant because the gravitational force is decreasing. c. It experience a constant negative acceleration because the normal force has increased. d. It experience a constant forward acceleration because the vertical force has no effect in this scenario. e. It continues to move forward at a constant speed because the horizontal force has no effect in this scenario. 4. Water waves traveling at a speed of 28 cm/s enter deeper water at i =40 o. Determine the new speed of the water if that angle of refraction is 46 o. a. 63 cm/s b. 66 cm/s c. 79 cm/s d. 31 cm/s e cm/s 5. Water waves traveling at a speed of 28 cm/s enter deeper water at i =40 o. Determine the new wavelength of the incident wave if the frequency of the wave striking a surface is 7.0 Hz. a. 63 cm b. 196 cm c. 79 cm d. 4.0 cm e m 6. An air-powered rocket is launched with a velocity of 24 m/s at an angle of 28 to the horizontal. How far will it travel (what is its range)? a. 11 m b. 28 m c. 38 m d. 55 m e. 49 m 8. How did Copernicus describe the motion of the planets and the Sun, according to the heliocentric system? This was later announced to be a study in conics equations by Keplaar. a. He placed the Sun at the centre, with the planets revolving around it in circular orbits. b. He placed the Sun at the centre, with the planets revolving around it in elliptical orbits. c. He placed Earth at the centre, with the Sun and the planets revolving around it. d. He placed Earth at the centre, with the Sun revolving around it and the planets revolving around the Sun. e. He determined that neither Earth nor the Sun were at the centre of the universe. 9. Light waves traveling in glass (n glass = 1.33) strike a surface at i =30 o. Some of the light is transmitted into a mystery material with a refracted angle of 34.3 o. Determine the index of refraction of the second material. a b c d. 1.50

2 10. Again, the proportionality statement The force of gravity is proportional to the two masses that are interacting and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centres describes the relationship among force, mass, and distance. If the force of gravity quadruples, what does it mean? a. The distance, d, has doubled. b. The distance, d, is one half of its original value. c. One of the masses must be one half of its original value. d. One of the masses must be double its original value. e. None of the above is correct. 11. What is the gravitational force between the two masses in the system described by the data below? System Mass 1 (kg) Mass 2 (kg) Separation distance (m) Gravitational force (N) F ? a. 0.25F b. 0.5F c. F d. 2F e. 4F 12. Which of the following has the greatest momentum? a. a hockey puck flying past a goalie into the net b. a cat running after a mouse c. your school building d. a transport truck moving at 100 km/h on a highway e. the Moon in its orbit around Earth 13. A 1.0 kg mass, moving at 8.6 m/s[e], collides with a stationary 2.0 kg mass. After collision, the velocity of the 2.0 kg mass is 1.8 m/s[e]. Find the velocity of the 1.0 kg mass after collision. a. 1.0 m/s[e] b. 2.0 m/s[e] c. 3.0 m/s[e] d. 4.0 m/s[e] e. 5.0 m/s[e] 14. A student pushes a book moving at constant velocity through a horizontal displacement of 10 m. What is the work done against friction, if the frictional force against the motion is 10 N? a. zero b. 10 J c. 50 J d. 100 J e. 200 J 15. Peter, 70 kg, and Mary, 50 kg, skate toward each other and hug. What condition would be required for the velocity after collision to be zero? a. They have the same kinetic energy. b. They have the same velocity. c. They have the same speed. d. They have the same momentum. e. They have the same magnitude of momentum. 16. What happens to a planetary body in a stable orbit as its orbital radius gets smaller (closer to the Sun)? a. The planet moves at a constant velocity. b. The planet moves at a constant speed. c. The planet slows down. d. The planet speeds up. e. The planet moves back and forth. 17. Two identical particles have charges of 1.1 them? a N away from each other b N away from each other c N toward each other d N away from each other e N toward each other 10 4 C at a distance of 3.00 mm. What is the force between

3 18. Which is the most precise description of two wave sources that are coherent? a. They have the same frequency. b. They have the same amplitude. c. They are in phase. d. They have the same amplitude and they are in phase. e. They have the same frequency and they are in phase. 19. The diagram shows the interference pattern formed by two coherent light sources S 1 and S 2. The curves in full lines represent the crests and the curves in broken lines represent the troughs. Which of the following lines, A, B, C, D, or E, are antinodal lines? a. A and C b. A, C, and E c. C d. B and D e. A, B, C, D, and E 20. Which of the following might be a valid conclusion for the Young's double-slit experiment? a. Light travels in a straight line. b. Light is an electromechanical wave. c. Collisions among light particles account for the interference pattern on the screen. d. Light travels at a very high speed. e. Light behaves as a wave in this experiment. 21. Which of the following is true? a. All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed in any medium. b. Electromagnetic waves can travel only in vacuum. c. Electromagnetic waves can be reflected, refracted, and diffracted. d. An electromagnetic wave is an electron waving in a magnetic field. e. Electromagnetic waves can travel only in material media that support wave motion, such as water and air. 22. A loop of wire, parallel to the surface of a page, has electrons moving in a counter-clockwise direction. What is the direction of the magnetic field in the centre of the loop? (hint: use a right hand rule) a. out of the page b. into the page c. up d. down e. none of the above, because there is no field in the centre of the loop 23. What is the convention for the direction of flow of an electric field line? a. directed out from positive b. directed out from negative c. determined by the direction of the current d. determined by the amount of charge e. determined by the position of the test charge 24. Which statement describes how a positively charged particle, placed between two oppositely charged plates, will behave? a. It will remain stationary. b. It will move toward the negative plate at a constant speed. c. It will accelerate toward the negative plate. d. It will move parallel to the plates. e. It will move against the direction of the electric field.

4 25. An electron and a proton, with the same speed, move into a uniform magnetic field at a right angle to the field. If you assume that they do not interact with each other, how would you describe their paths? a. perpendicular to each other b. parallel to each other c. in opposite directions d. toward the South Pole of the field e. toward the North Pole of the field 26. Which field(s) does a moving charged particle generate? a. magnetic field b. gravitational field c. electric field d. magnetic field and electric field e. electric field and gravitational field 27. The distance between Earth and the Sun is m. If the Sun were to magically disappear right now, based on the speed of light in the vacuum of space, you would learn about this in a. 600 s b. 8.3 min c. 4.6 h d. 2 days e. 1 year 28. Which object is an inertial frame of reference? a. a merry-go-round b. a car gaining or losing speed c. a car at rest d. a car slowing to a stop 29. Which of the following properties of light provides the strongest evidence that light is a wave rather than a particle? a. reflection b. refraction c. dispersion d. diffraction e. photoelectric effect 30. When laser light passes through a double slit, which of the following appears? a. a dark central band, with equal-sized dark bands to the sides b. a bright central band, with equal-sized bright bands to the sides c. a bright central band, with narrower and dimmer bands to the sides d. a dark central band, with narrower and dimmer bands to the sides e. a single, wide, bright band Part B: Short Answer (27 pts.) For the following questions, write the most appropriate answer in the space provided. 31. Simultaneously, one penny is dropped while a second penny is launched horizontally from a physics lab desk. What will you observe? Explain your answer. (2 pts.) 32. A water balloon is launched horizontally with a speed of 5.2 m/s from a balcony that is 6.20 m above the ground. Determine the resultant velocity of the balloon when it strikes the ground below [remember direction]. (3 pts.)

5 33. An electron is fired with an initial horizontal velocity of 2.5x10 6 m/s between two equipotentially charged parallel plates. Two parallel plates are 7.5 cm long. The electric field between the plates is 1.25x10 3 N/C [down]. a) What is the magnitude and direction of the force felt by the electron? (don t forget about directions) (3 pts.) e In the previous question, by what distance is the electron deflected? (don t forget about directions) (3 pts.) 35. Find the speed of a satellite orbiting at an altitude of km above the surface of Earth. r Earth = m (3 pts.) 36. A space station in a circular orbit around the Moon has a speed of m/s. Find the radius of its orbit. M Moon = kg (3 pts.) 37. Explain why a very small test charge is used to test electric field strength? (2 pts.) 38. Gravitational potential energy is negative, but electric potential energy can be negative or positive. Why? (2 pts.)

6 39. At what angle must a charged particle move, with respect to a magnetic field, for the field to have the maximum force on it? Explain using the appropriate equation and describe when its maximum value is reached. (3 pts.) 40. Monochromatic coherent light passes through a single slit, mm wide, and shines on a screen 1.6 m away. If the distance from the centre of the pattern to the first dark band is 2.0 mm, what is the wavelength of the light? (3 pts.) Part C: Problem Solving (23 pts.) For the following questions, write the answer in the space provided. If the question requires mathematical calculations, show all of your work. If you run out of space use and attach scrap paper, but write your final numerical answer on this page. 41. A dynamics cart has a mass of 875 g. It is connected to a suspended 300 g mass by a string that is threaded through a frictionless pulley. The coefficient of friction between the lab desk and the dynamics cart is a) Determine the acceleration of the dynamics cart when the 300 g mass is released. (4 pts.) b) If the dynamics cart takes 1.3 s to reach the pulley as it is pulled horizontally, what distance does it travel along the track? (2 pts.) 42. A 1.0 kg mass is balanced on top of a spring, which is placed on the floor of an elevator. The spring has an elastic constant of 50.0 N/m. i) First find the amount that the spring has been compress relative to its rest length. ii) Now, find the change in the compression of the spring when the elevator accelerates up at 3.0 m/s 2. (3 pts.) 43. A 1000 kg car is travelling along a flat section of the highway at a speed of 90.0 km/h. The driver notices a curve in the road ahead, with a radius of 150 m. a) If the pavement is dry and the coefficient of friction between the car tires and the road is 0.820, determine if the car can safely navigate the curve. (4 pts.) (Hint, use centripetal force, normal force and frictional force to see if it is possible to overcome the centripetal force with the frictional force.)

7 b) If the weather has been stormy and the coefficient of friction between the car tires and the road is reduced to 0.340, determine if the car can safely navigate the curve. (2 pts.) 44. A coherent beam of monochromatic light is directed through a double slit and strikes a screen to the right of the slits. a) Draw a diagram for the pattern of bright and dark bands on the screen. (2 pts.) b) Describe why the pattern occurs and both illustrate and label the angles that are associated with the first 3 dark bands. This can be added to the diagram above if possible, or redrawn below. (3 pts.)

8 45. Choose any 1 of the following options to answer in the box at the bottom (3 pts.) a) Illustrate the Electromagnetic wave diagram, including the Electric and Magnetic field components to a light wave that would allow for the below diagram to occur. You may use simple line drawings and must indicate the presence of at least 3 of the 90 o relationships between field direction and the direction of light wave propagation. b) Draw and label a diagram to illustrate how both constructive interference and destructive interference can occur for a specific colour wave length,, reflecting off of soap bubbles that have different thicknesses. Explain the conditions for both constructive and destructive interference for thin films. c) Use a diagram with labelled descriptions to illustrate the idea of simultaneity in one frame of reference vs. non-simultaneous events for the same situation from a different frame of reference. Hint: consider trains being struck by lightning.

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