Diagonalization of Matrix

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Diagonalization of Matrix"

Transcription

1 of Matrix King Saud University August 29, 2018 of Matrix

2 Table of contents 1 2 of Matrix

3 Definition If A M n (R) and λ R. We say that λ is an eigenvalue of the matrix A if there is X R n \ {0} such that AX = λx. In this case, we say that X is an eigenvector of the matrix A with respect to the eigenvalue λ. of Matrix

4 Theorem If A M n (R) and λ R. λ is an eigenvalue the matrix A if and only if λi A = 0. of Matrix

5 Definition If A M n (R), the polynomial q A (λ) = λi A is called the characteristic equation of the matrix A. of Matrix

6 Example Find the eigenvalues of the following matrix A = 1 2 1, A = 4 5 2, A = of Matrix

7 Theorem If A M n (R) and v 1,..., v m are eigenvectors for different eigenvalues λ 1,..., λ m, then v 1,..., v m are linearly independent. Proof We do the proof by induction. The result is true for m = 1. We assume the result for m and let v 1,..., v m+1 eigenvectors for different eigenvalues λ 1,..., λ m+1. of Matrix

8 If then Also we have Then a 1 v a m v m + a m+1 v m+1 = 0 a 1 λ 1 v a m λ m v m + a m+1 λ m+1 v m+1 = 0 a 1 λ m+1 v a m λ m+1 v m + a m+1 λ m+1 v m+1 = 0 a 1 (λ 1 λ m+1 )v a m (λ m λ m+1 )v m = 0. Since (λ j λ m+1 0 for all j = 1,... m, then a 1 =... = a m = 0 and so a m+1 = 0. of Matrix

9 Definition We say that a matrix A M n (R) is diagonalizable if there exists an invertible matrix P M n (R) such that the matrix P 1 AP is diagonal. of Matrix

10 Remark If X 1,..., X n are the columns of the matrix P, then the columns of the matrix AP are: AX 1,..., AX n. Moreover if λ λ D = λ n then the columns of the matrix PD are: λ 1 X 1,..., λ n X n. Then P 1 AP = D PD = AP and the columns of the matrix P form a basis of R n and eigenvectors of the matrix A. of Matrix

11 Theorem The matrix A M n (R) is diagonalizable if and only if it has n eigenvectors linearly independent, then these vectors form a basis of the vector space R n. of Matrix

12 Examples Prove that the following matrices are diagonalizable and find an invertible matrix P M n (R) such that the matrix P 1 AP is diagonal and find A A = 1 2 1, A = 4 5 2, A = of Matrix

13 Definition Let A M n (R) and λ an eigenvalue of the matrix A. We define E λ = {X R n ; AX = λx } This space is called called the eigenspace associated to the eigenvalue λ. of Matrix

14 Remark If λ is an eigenvalue of the matrix A M n (R), then E λ = {X R n ; AX = λx } is vector sub-space of R n. Its dimension is called the the geometric multiplicity of λ. of Matrix

15 Definition If A M n (R) and the characteristic function q A (λ) = (λ λ 1 ) m Q(λ) such that Q(λ 1 ) 0 we say that m is the algebraic multiplicity of the eigenvalue λ 1. of Matrix

16 Theorem If A M n (R) and the characteristic function q A (λ) = C(λ λ 1 ) m 1... (λ λ p ) mp then A is diagonalizable if and only if the algebraic and geometric multiplicities are the same. of Matrix

17 Remark Special case If A M n (R) and has n different eigenvalues, then A is diagonalizable. of Matrix

18 Exercise Show if the following matrix is diagonalizable and find the matrix P such that the matrix P 1 AP is diagonal. ( ) 5 4 A = 4 3 Solution The characteristic function of the matrix A is q A (λ) = 5 λ λ = (1 λ)2. Then the matrix is not diagonalizable. of Matrix

19 Exercise Show if the following matrix is diagonalizable and find the matrix P such that the matrix P 1 AP is diagonal. ( ) 10 6 A = Solution The characteristic function of the matrix A is q A (λ) = 10 λ λ = (λ 2)(1 + λ). Then the matrix is diagonalizable. of Matrix

20 E 1 = ( 2, 3) and E 2 = (1, ( 2). ) 1 0 The diagonal matrix is D = 0 2 ( ) 2 1 and the matrix P is P =. 3 2 of Matrix

21 Exercise Show if the following matrix is diagonalizable and find the matrix P such that the matrix P 1 AP is diagonal A = Solution The characteristic function of the matrix A is 5 λ 0 4 q A (λ) = 2 1 λ λ = (1 λ)3. Then the matrix is not diagonalizable. of Matrix

22 Exercise Show if the following matrix is diagonalizable and find the matrix P such that the matrix P 1 AP is diagonal A = Solution The characteristic function of the matrix A is 1 λ 0 0 q A (λ) = 1 1 λ λ = (1 λ)2 (2 λ). of Matrix

23 E 1 = (0, 1, 0), (1, 0, 1) and E 2 = (0, 1, 1). Then the matrix is diagonalizable the diagonal matrix is D = and the matrix P is P = of Matrix

24 Exercise Show if the following matrix is diagonalizable and find the matrix P such that the matrix P 1 AP is diagonal A = Solution The characteristic function of the matrix A is 5 λ q A (λ) = 0 3 λ λ 0 = (5 λ)(3 λ)(2 λ) λ The matrix is diagonalizable if and only if the dimension of the vector space E 2 is 2. of Matrix

25 E 2 = (1, 1, 1, 0), ( 1, 2, 0, 1). Then the matrix A is diagonalizable. E 5 = (1, 0, 0, 0) and E 3 = (3, 2, 0, 0) The diagonal matrix is D = and the matrix P is P = of Matrix

26 Exercise Show if the following matrix is diagonalizable and find the matrix P such that the matrix P 1 AP is diagonal A = Solution The characteristic function of the matrix A is 2 λ 2 1 q A (λ) = 1 3 λ λ = (λ 1)2 (λ 5). of Matrix

27 E 1 = (1, 0, 1), ( 2, 1, 0), E 5 = (1, 1, 1). Then the matrix A is diagonalizable The diagonal matrix is D = and the matrix P is P = of Matrix

28 Exercise Show if the following matrix is diagonalizable and find the matrix P such that the matrix P 1 AP is diagonal A = Solution The characteristic function of the matrix A is 7 λ 4 16 q A (λ) = 2 5 λ λ = (λ 3)2 (λ 1). E 3 = (1, 1, 0), (4, 0, 1), E 1 = (2, 1, 1). Then the matrix A is diagonalizable. of Matrix

29 1 0 0 The diagonal matrix is D = and the matrix P is P = of Matrix

30 Exercise Show if the following matrix is diagonalizable and find the matrix P such that the matrix P 1 AP is diagonal. A = Solution The characteristic function of the matrix A is 1 2 λ q A (λ) = 0 1 λ λ 1 = (1 λ)(2 λ) λ The matrix is diagonalizable if and only if the dimension the vector space E 2 is 3. E 2 = ( 1, 1, 0, 2), Mongi ( 1, 0, BLEL 1, 0). of Matrix

Remark By definition, an eigenvector must be a nonzero vector, but eigenvalue could be zero.

Remark By definition, an eigenvector must be a nonzero vector, but eigenvalue could be zero. Sec 6 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Definition An eigenvector of an n n matrix A is a nonzero vector x such that A x λ x for some scalar λ A scalar λ is called an eigenvalue of A if there is a nontrivial

More information

Remark 1 By definition, an eigenvector must be a nonzero vector, but eigenvalue could be zero.

Remark 1 By definition, an eigenvector must be a nonzero vector, but eigenvalue could be zero. Sec 5 Eigenvectors and Eigenvalues In this chapter, vector means column vector Definition An eigenvector of an n n matrix A is a nonzero vector x such that A x λ x for some scalar λ A scalar λ is called

More information

Lecture 15, 16: Diagonalization

Lecture 15, 16: Diagonalization Lecture 15, 16: Diagonalization Motivation: Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors are easy to compute for diagonal matrices. Hence, we would like (if possible) to convert matrix A into a diagonal matrix. Suppose

More information

Recall : Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

Recall : Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Recall : Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Let A be an n n matrix. If a nonzero vector x in R n satisfies Ax λx for a scalar λ, then : The scalar λ is called an eigenvalue of A. The vector x is called an eigenvector

More information

DIAGONALIZATION. In order to see the implications of this definition, let us consider the following example Example 1. Consider the matrix

DIAGONALIZATION. In order to see the implications of this definition, let us consider the following example Example 1. Consider the matrix DIAGONALIZATION Definition We say that a matrix A of size n n is diagonalizable if there is a basis of R n consisting of eigenvectors of A ie if there are n linearly independent vectors v v n such that

More information

Diagonalization. MATH 322, Linear Algebra I. J. Robert Buchanan. Spring Department of Mathematics

Diagonalization. MATH 322, Linear Algebra I. J. Robert Buchanan. Spring Department of Mathematics Diagonalization MATH 322, Linear Algebra I J. Robert Buchanan Department of Mathematics Spring 2015 Motivation Today we consider two fundamental questions: Given an n n matrix A, does there exist a basis

More information

Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors 7.2 Diagonalization

Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors 7.2 Diagonalization Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors 7.2 Diagonalization November 8 Goals Suppose A is square matrix of order n. Provide necessary and sufficient condition when there is an invertible matrix P such that P 1 AP

More information

Math 3191 Applied Linear Algebra

Math 3191 Applied Linear Algebra Math 9 Applied Linear Algebra Lecture 9: Diagonalization Stephen Billups University of Colorado at Denver Math 9Applied Linear Algebra p./9 Section. Diagonalization The goal here is to develop a useful

More information

Exercise Set 7.2. Skills

Exercise Set 7.2. Skills Orthogonally diagonalizable matrix Spectral decomposition (or eigenvalue decomposition) Schur decomposition Subdiagonal Upper Hessenburg form Upper Hessenburg decomposition Skills Be able to recognize

More information

Jordan Canonical Form Homework Solutions

Jordan Canonical Form Homework Solutions Jordan Canonical Form Homework Solutions For each of the following, put the matrix in Jordan canonical form and find the matrix S such that S AS = J. [ ]. A = A λi = λ λ = ( λ) = λ λ = λ =, Since we have

More information

Math 315: Linear Algebra Solutions to Assignment 7

Math 315: Linear Algebra Solutions to Assignment 7 Math 5: Linear Algebra s to Assignment 7 # Find the eigenvalues of the following matrices. (a.) 4 0 0 0 (b.) 0 0 9 5 4. (a.) The characteristic polynomial det(λi A) = (λ )(λ )(λ ), so the eigenvalues are

More information

Definition (T -invariant subspace) Example. Example

Definition (T -invariant subspace) Example. Example Eigenvalues, Eigenvectors, Similarity, and Diagonalization We now turn our attention to linear transformations of the form T : V V. To better understand the effect of T on the vector space V, we begin

More information

City Suburbs. : population distribution after m years

City Suburbs. : population distribution after m years Section 5.3 Diagonalization of Matrices Definition Example: stochastic matrix To City Suburbs From City Suburbs.85.03 = A.15.97 City.15.85 Suburbs.97.03 probability matrix of a sample person s residence

More information

Eigenvalue and Eigenvector Homework

Eigenvalue and Eigenvector Homework Eigenvalue and Eigenvector Homework Olena Bormashenko November 4, 2 For each of the matrices A below, do the following:. Find the characteristic polynomial of A, and use it to find all the eigenvalues

More information

Homework sheet 4: EIGENVALUES AND EIGENVECTORS. DIAGONALIZATION (with solutions) Year ? Why or why not? 6 9

Homework sheet 4: EIGENVALUES AND EIGENVECTORS. DIAGONALIZATION (with solutions) Year ? Why or why not? 6 9 Bachelor in Statistics and Business Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Mathematical Methods II María Barbero Liñán Homework sheet 4: EIGENVALUES AND EIGENVECTORS DIAGONALIZATION (with solutions) Year - Is

More information

LINEAR ALGEBRA 1, 2012-I PARTIAL EXAM 3 SOLUTIONS TO PRACTICE PROBLEMS

LINEAR ALGEBRA 1, 2012-I PARTIAL EXAM 3 SOLUTIONS TO PRACTICE PROBLEMS LINEAR ALGEBRA, -I PARTIAL EXAM SOLUTIONS TO PRACTICE PROBLEMS Problem (a) For each of the two matrices below, (i) determine whether it is diagonalizable, (ii) determine whether it is orthogonally diagonalizable,

More information

and let s calculate the image of some vectors under the transformation T.

and let s calculate the image of some vectors under the transformation T. Chapter 5 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors 5. Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Let T : R n R n be a linear transformation. Then T can be represented by a matrix (the standard matrix), and we can write T ( v) =

More information

A = 3 1. We conclude that the algebraic multiplicity of the eigenvalues are both one, that is,

A = 3 1. We conclude that the algebraic multiplicity of the eigenvalues are both one, that is, 65 Diagonalizable Matrices It is useful to introduce few more concepts, that are common in the literature Definition 65 The characteristic polynomial of an n n matrix A is the function p(λ) det(a λi) Example

More information

Announcements Monday, November 06

Announcements Monday, November 06 Announcements Monday, November 06 This week s quiz: covers Sections 5 and 52 Midterm 3, on November 7th (next Friday) Exam covers: Sections 3,32,5,52,53 and 55 Section 53 Diagonalization Motivation: Difference

More information

MAC Module 12 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. Learning Objectives. Upon completing this module, you should be able to:

MAC Module 12 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. Learning Objectives. Upon completing this module, you should be able to: MAC Module Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Learning Objectives Upon completing this module, you should be able to: Solve the eigenvalue problem by finding the eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenvectors

More information

MAC Module 12 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

MAC Module 12 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors MAC 23 Module 2 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Learning Objectives Upon completing this module, you should be able to:. Solve the eigenvalue problem by finding the eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenvectors

More information

Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors week -2 Fall 26 Eigenvalues and eigenvectors The most simple linear transformation from R n to R n may be the transformation of the form: T (x,,, x n ) (λ x, λ 2,, λ n x n

More information

ft-uiowa-math2550 Assignment NOTRequiredJustHWformatOfQuizReviewForExam3part2 due 12/31/2014 at 07:10pm CST

ft-uiowa-math2550 Assignment NOTRequiredJustHWformatOfQuizReviewForExam3part2 due 12/31/2014 at 07:10pm CST me me ft-uiowa-math2550 Assignment NOTRequiredJustHWformatOfQuizReviewForExam3part2 due 12/31/2014 at 07:10pm CST 1. (1 pt) local/library/ui/eigentf.pg A is n n an matrices.. There are an infinite number

More information

Lecture 3 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

Lecture 3 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Lecture 3 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Eivind Eriksen BI Norwegian School of Management Department of Economics September 10, 2010 Eivind Eriksen (BI Dept of Economics) Lecture 3 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

More information

Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Philippe B. Laval KSU Fall 2015 Philippe B. Laval (KSU) Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Fall 2015 1 / 14 Introduction We define eigenvalues and eigenvectors. We discuss how to

More information

22m:033 Notes: 7.1 Diagonalization of Symmetric Matrices

22m:033 Notes: 7.1 Diagonalization of Symmetric Matrices m:33 Notes: 7. Diagonalization of Symmetric Matrices Dennis Roseman University of Iowa Iowa City, IA http://www.math.uiowa.edu/ roseman May 3, Symmetric matrices Definition. A symmetric matrix is a matrix

More information

Linear Algebra. Rekha Santhanam. April 3, Johns Hopkins Univ. Rekha Santhanam (Johns Hopkins Univ.) Linear Algebra April 3, / 7

Linear Algebra. Rekha Santhanam. April 3, Johns Hopkins Univ. Rekha Santhanam (Johns Hopkins Univ.) Linear Algebra April 3, / 7 Linear Algebra Rekha Santhanam Johns Hopkins Univ. April 3, 2009 Rekha Santhanam (Johns Hopkins Univ.) Linear Algebra April 3, 2009 1 / 7 Dynamical Systems Denote owl and wood rat populations at time k

More information

Diagonalization. Hung-yi Lee

Diagonalization. Hung-yi Lee Diagonalization Hung-yi Lee Review If Av = λv (v is a vector, λ is a scalar) v is an eigenvector of A excluding zero vector λ is an eigenvalue of A that corresponds to v Eigenvectors corresponding to λ

More information

Econ Slides from Lecture 7

Econ Slides from Lecture 7 Econ 205 Sobel Econ 205 - Slides from Lecture 7 Joel Sobel August 31, 2010 Linear Algebra: Main Theory A linear combination of a collection of vectors {x 1,..., x k } is a vector of the form k λ ix i for

More information

ICS 6N Computational Linear Algebra Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

ICS 6N Computational Linear Algebra Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors ICS 6N Computational Linear Algebra Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Xiaohui Xie University of California, Irvine xhx@uci.edu Xiaohui Xie (UCI) ICS 6N 1 / 34 The powers of matrix Consider the following dynamic

More information

Lecture 12: Diagonalization

Lecture 12: Diagonalization Lecture : Diagonalization A square matrix D is called diagonal if all but diagonal entries are zero: a a D a n 5 n n. () Diagonal matrices are the simplest matrices that are basically equivalent to vectors

More information

(the matrix with b 1 and b 2 as columns). If x is a vector in R 2, then its coordinate vector [x] B relative to B satisfies the formula.

(the matrix with b 1 and b 2 as columns). If x is a vector in R 2, then its coordinate vector [x] B relative to B satisfies the formula. 4 Diagonalization 4 Change of basis Let B (b,b ) be an ordered basis for R and let B b b (the matrix with b and b as columns) If x is a vector in R, then its coordinate vector x B relative to B satisfies

More information

Math 205, Summer I, Week 4b:

Math 205, Summer I, Week 4b: Math 205, Summer I, 2016 Week 4b: Chapter 5, Sections 6, 7 and 8 (5.5 is NOT on the syllabus) 5.6 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors 5.7 Eigenspaces, nondefective matrices 5.8 Diagonalization [*** See next slide

More information

TMA Calculus 3. Lecture 21, April 3. Toke Meier Carlsen Norwegian University of Science and Technology Spring 2013

TMA Calculus 3. Lecture 21, April 3. Toke Meier Carlsen Norwegian University of Science and Technology Spring 2013 TMA4115 - Calculus 3 Lecture 21, April 3 Toke Meier Carlsen Norwegian University of Science and Technology Spring 2013 www.ntnu.no TMA4115 - Calculus 3, Lecture 21 Review of last week s lecture Last week

More information

AMS10 HW7 Solutions. All credit is given for effort. (-5 pts for any missing sections) Problem 1 (20 pts) Consider the following matrix 2 A =

AMS10 HW7 Solutions. All credit is given for effort. (-5 pts for any missing sections) Problem 1 (20 pts) Consider the following matrix 2 A = AMS1 HW Solutions All credit is given for effort. (- pts for any missing sections) Problem 1 ( pts) Consider the following matrix 1 1 9 a. Calculate the eigenvalues of A. Eigenvalues are 1 1.1, 9.81,.1

More information

Therefore, A and B have the same characteristic polynomial and hence, the same eigenvalues.

Therefore, A and B have the same characteristic polynomial and hence, the same eigenvalues. Similar Matrices and Diagonalization Page 1 Theorem If A and B are n n matrices, which are similar, then they have the same characteristic equation and hence the same eigenvalues. Proof Let A and B be

More information

Linear Algebra II Lecture 13

Linear Algebra II Lecture 13 Linear Algebra II Lecture 13 Xi Chen 1 1 University of Alberta November 14, 2014 Outline 1 2 If v is an eigenvector of T : V V corresponding to λ, then v is an eigenvector of T m corresponding to λ m since

More information

4. Linear transformations as a vector space 17

4. Linear transformations as a vector space 17 4 Linear transformations as a vector space 17 d) 1 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 32 Let a linear transformation in R 2 be the reflection in the line = x 2 Find its matrix 33 For each linear transformation

More information

Diagonalization. P. Danziger. u B = A 1. B u S.

Diagonalization. P. Danziger. u B = A 1. B u S. 7., 8., 8.2 Diagonalization P. Danziger Change of Basis Given a basis of R n, B {v,..., v n }, we have seen that the matrix whose columns consist of these vectors can be thought of as a change of basis

More information

MATH 304 Linear Algebra Lecture 33: Bases of eigenvectors. Diagonalization.

MATH 304 Linear Algebra Lecture 33: Bases of eigenvectors. Diagonalization. MATH 304 Linear Algebra Lecture 33: Bases of eigenvectors. Diagonalization. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of an operator Definition. Let V be a vector space and L : V V be a linear operator. A number λ

More information

MAT 1302B Mathematical Methods II

MAT 1302B Mathematical Methods II MAT 1302B Mathematical Methods II Alistair Savage Mathematics and Statistics University of Ottawa Winter 2015 Lecture 19 Alistair Savage (uottawa) MAT 1302B Mathematical Methods II Winter 2015 Lecture

More information

Spring 2019 Exam 2 3/27/19 Time Limit: / Problem Points Score. Total: 280

Spring 2019 Exam 2 3/27/19 Time Limit: / Problem Points Score. Total: 280 Math 307 Spring 2019 Exam 2 3/27/19 Time Limit: / Name (Print): Problem Points Score 1 15 2 20 3 35 4 30 5 10 6 20 7 20 8 20 9 20 10 20 11 10 12 10 13 10 14 10 15 10 16 10 17 10 Total: 280 Math 307 Exam

More information

Final A. Problem Points Score Total 100. Math115A Nadja Hempel 03/23/2017

Final A. Problem Points Score Total 100. Math115A Nadja Hempel 03/23/2017 Final A Math115A Nadja Hempel 03/23/2017 nadja@math.ucla.edu Name: UID: Problem Points Score 1 10 2 20 3 5 4 5 5 9 6 5 7 7 8 13 9 16 10 10 Total 100 1 2 Exercise 1. (10pt) Let T : V V be a linear transformation.

More information

Math Camp Notes: Linear Algebra II

Math Camp Notes: Linear Algebra II Math Camp Notes: Linear Algebra II Eigenvalues Let A be a square matrix. An eigenvalue is a number λ which when subtracted from the diagonal elements of the matrix A creates a singular matrix. In other

More information

Jordan Canonical Form

Jordan Canonical Form Jordan Canonical Form Massoud Malek Jordan normal form or Jordan canonical form (named in honor of Camille Jordan) shows that by changing the basis, a given square matrix M can be transformed into a certain

More information

Lecture Notes: Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. 1 Definitions. 2 Finding All Eigenvalues

Lecture Notes: Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. 1 Definitions. 2 Finding All Eigenvalues Lecture Notes: Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Yufei Tao Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chinese University of Hong Kong taoyf@cse.cuhk.edu.hk 1 Definitions Let A be an n n matrix. If there

More information

3.3 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

3.3 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors .. EIGENVALUES AND EIGENVECTORS 27. Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors In this section, we assume A is an n n matrix and x is an n vector... Definitions In general, the product Ax results is another n vector

More information

Lecture 11: Diagonalization

Lecture 11: Diagonalization Lecture 11: Elif Tan Ankara University Elif Tan (Ankara University) Lecture 11 1 / 11 Definition The n n matrix A is diagonalizableif there exits nonsingular matrix P d 1 0 0. such that P 1 AP = D, where

More information

Study Guide for Linear Algebra Exam 2

Study Guide for Linear Algebra Exam 2 Study Guide for Linear Algebra Exam 2 Term Vector Space Definition A Vector Space is a nonempty set V of objects, on which are defined two operations, called addition and multiplication by scalars (real

More information

235 Final exam review questions

235 Final exam review questions 5 Final exam review questions Paul Hacking December 4, 0 () Let A be an n n matrix and T : R n R n, T (x) = Ax the linear transformation with matrix A. What does it mean to say that a vector v R n is an

More information

Properties of Linear Transformations from R n to R m

Properties of Linear Transformations from R n to R m Properties of Linear Transformations from R n to R m MATH 322, Linear Algebra I J. Robert Buchanan Department of Mathematics Spring 2015 Topic Overview Relationship between the properties of a matrix transformation

More information

Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Definition 0 Let A R n n be an n n real matrix A number λ R is a real eigenvalue of A if there exists a nonzero vector v R n such that A v = λ v The vector v is called an eigenvector

More information

Question: Given an n x n matrix A, how do we find its eigenvalues? Idea: Suppose c is an eigenvalue of A, then what is the determinant of A-cI?

Question: Given an n x n matrix A, how do we find its eigenvalues? Idea: Suppose c is an eigenvalue of A, then what is the determinant of A-cI? Section 5. The Characteristic Polynomial Question: Given an n x n matrix A, how do we find its eigenvalues? Idea: Suppose c is an eigenvalue of A, then what is the determinant of A-cI? Property The eigenvalues

More information

Name: Final Exam MATH 3320

Name: Final Exam MATH 3320 Name: Final Exam MATH 3320 Directions: Make sure to show all necessary work to receive full credit. If you need extra space please use the back of the sheet with appropriate labeling. (1) State the following

More information

Math Matrix Algebra

Math Matrix Algebra Math 44 - Matrix Algebra Review notes - 4 (Alberto Bressan, Spring 27) Review of complex numbers In this chapter we shall need to work with complex numbers z C These can be written in the form z = a+ib,

More information

Schur s Triangularization Theorem. Math 422

Schur s Triangularization Theorem. Math 422 Schur s Triangularization Theorem Math 4 The characteristic polynomial p (t) of a square complex matrix A splits as a product of linear factors of the form (t λ) m Of course, finding these factors is a

More information

Chapter 3. Determinants and Eigenvalues

Chapter 3. Determinants and Eigenvalues Chapter 3. Determinants and Eigenvalues 3.1. Determinants With each square matrix we can associate a real number called the determinant of the matrix. Determinants have important applications to the theory

More information

c c c c c c c c c c a 3x3 matrix C= has a determinant determined by

c c c c c c c c c c a 3x3 matrix C= has a determinant determined by Linear Algebra Determinants and Eigenvalues Introduction: Many important geometric and algebraic properties of square matrices are associated with a single real number revealed by what s known as the determinant.

More information

Eigenvalues, Eigenvectors, and Diagonalization

Eigenvalues, Eigenvectors, and Diagonalization Math 240 TA: Shuyi Weng Winter 207 February 23, 207 Eigenvalues, Eigenvectors, and Diagonalization The concepts of eigenvalues, eigenvectors, and diagonalization are best studied with examples. We will

More information

a 11 a 12 a 11 a 12 a 13 a 21 a 22 a 23 . a 31 a 32 a 33 a 12 a 21 a 23 a 31 a = = = = 12

a 11 a 12 a 11 a 12 a 13 a 21 a 22 a 23 . a 31 a 32 a 33 a 12 a 21 a 23 a 31 a = = = = 12 24 8 Matrices Determinant of 2 2 matrix Given a 2 2 matrix [ ] a a A = 2 a 2 a 22 the real number a a 22 a 2 a 2 is determinant and denoted by det(a) = a a 2 a 2 a 22 Example 8 Find determinant of 2 2

More information

1. In this problem, if the statement is always true, circle T; otherwise, circle F.

1. In this problem, if the statement is always true, circle T; otherwise, circle F. Math 1553, Extra Practice for Midterm 3 (sections 45-65) Solutions 1 In this problem, if the statement is always true, circle T; otherwise, circle F a) T F If A is a square matrix and the homogeneous equation

More information

ICS 6N Computational Linear Algebra Symmetric Matrices and Orthogonal Diagonalization

ICS 6N Computational Linear Algebra Symmetric Matrices and Orthogonal Diagonalization ICS 6N Computational Linear Algebra Symmetric Matrices and Orthogonal Diagonalization Xiaohui Xie University of California, Irvine xhx@uci.edu Xiaohui Xie (UCI) ICS 6N 1 / 21 Symmetric matrices An n n

More information

HW2 - Due 01/30. Each answer must be mathematically justified. Don t forget your name.

HW2 - Due 01/30. Each answer must be mathematically justified. Don t forget your name. HW2 - Due 0/30 Each answer must be mathematically justified. Don t forget your name. Problem. Use the row reduction algorithm to find the inverse of the matrix 0 0, 2 3 5 if it exists. Double check your

More information

Unit 5. Matrix diagonaliza1on

Unit 5. Matrix diagonaliza1on Unit 5. Matrix diagonaliza1on Linear Algebra and Op1miza1on Msc Bioinforma1cs for Health Sciences Eduardo Eyras Pompeu Fabra University 218-219 hlp://comprna.upf.edu/courses/master_mat/ We have seen before

More information

Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors 5 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors 5.2 THE CHARACTERISTIC EQUATION DETERMINANATS nn Let A be an matrix, let U be any echelon form obtained from A by row replacements and row interchanges (without scaling),

More information

1. Linear systems of equations. Chapters 7-8: Linear Algebra. Solution(s) of a linear system of equations (continued)

1. Linear systems of equations. Chapters 7-8: Linear Algebra. Solution(s) of a linear system of equations (continued) 1 A linear system of equations of the form Sections 75, 78 & 81 a 11 x 1 + a 12 x 2 + + a 1n x n = b 1 a 21 x 1 + a 22 x 2 + + a 2n x n = b 2 a m1 x 1 + a m2 x 2 + + a mn x n = b m can be written in matrix

More information

Math 108b: Notes on the Spectral Theorem

Math 108b: Notes on the Spectral Theorem Math 108b: Notes on the Spectral Theorem From section 6.3, we know that every linear operator T on a finite dimensional inner product space V has an adjoint. (T is defined as the unique linear operator

More information

Math 314/ Exam 2 Blue Exam Solutions December 4, 2008 Instructor: Dr. S. Cooper. Name:

Math 314/ Exam 2 Blue Exam Solutions December 4, 2008 Instructor: Dr. S. Cooper. Name: Math 34/84 - Exam Blue Exam Solutions December 4, 8 Instructor: Dr. S. Cooper Name: Read each question carefully. Be sure to show all of your work and not just your final conclusion. You may not use your

More information

Linear Algebra II Lecture 22

Linear Algebra II Lecture 22 Linear Algebra II Lecture 22 Xi Chen University of Alberta March 4, 24 Outline Characteristic Polynomial, Eigenvalue, Eigenvector and Eigenvalue, Eigenvector and Let T : V V be a linear endomorphism. We

More information

Math 2331 Linear Algebra

Math 2331 Linear Algebra 5. Eigenvectors & Eigenvalues Math 233 Linear Algebra 5. Eigenvectors & Eigenvalues Shang-Huan Chiu Department of Mathematics, University of Houston schiu@math.uh.edu math.uh.edu/ schiu/ Shang-Huan Chiu,

More information

DM554 Linear and Integer Programming. Lecture 9. Diagonalization. Marco Chiarandini

DM554 Linear and Integer Programming. Lecture 9. Diagonalization. Marco Chiarandini DM554 Linear and Integer Programming Lecture 9 Marco Chiarandini Department of Mathematics & Computer Science University of Southern Denmark Outline 1. More on 2. 3. 2 Resume Linear transformations and

More information

Computationally, diagonal matrices are the easiest to work with. With this idea in mind, we introduce similarity:

Computationally, diagonal matrices are the easiest to work with. With this idea in mind, we introduce similarity: Diagonalization We have seen that diagonal and triangular matrices are much easier to work with than are most matrices For example, determinants and eigenvalues are easy to compute, and multiplication

More information

The Jordan Normal Form and its Applications

The Jordan Normal Form and its Applications The and its Applications Jeremy IMPACT Brigham Young University A square matrix A is a linear operator on {R, C} n. A is diagonalizable if and only if it has n linearly independent eigenvectors. What happens

More information

Announcements Wednesday, November 01

Announcements Wednesday, November 01 Announcements Wednesday, November 01 WeBWorK 3.1, 3.2 are due today at 11:59pm. The quiz on Friday covers 3.1, 3.2. My office is Skiles 244. Rabinoffice hours are Monday, 1 3pm and Tuesday, 9 11am. Section

More information

5.3.5 The eigenvalues are 3, 2, 3 (i.e., the diagonal entries of D) with corresponding eigenvalues. Null(A 3I) = Null( ), 0 0

5.3.5 The eigenvalues are 3, 2, 3 (i.e., the diagonal entries of D) with corresponding eigenvalues. Null(A 3I) = Null( ), 0 0 535 The eigenvalues are 3,, 3 (ie, the diagonal entries of D) with corresponding eigenvalues,, 538 The matrix is upper triangular so the eigenvalues are simply the diagonal entries, namely 3, 3 The corresponding

More information

Further Mathematical Methods (Linear Algebra) 2002

Further Mathematical Methods (Linear Algebra) 2002 Further Mathematical Methods (Linear Algebra) 2002 Solutions For Problem Sheet 4 In this Problem Sheet, we revised how to find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix and the circumstances under which

More information

EE5120 Linear Algebra: Tutorial 6, July-Dec Covers sec 4.2, 5.1, 5.2 of GS

EE5120 Linear Algebra: Tutorial 6, July-Dec Covers sec 4.2, 5.1, 5.2 of GS EE0 Linear Algebra: Tutorial 6, July-Dec 07-8 Covers sec 4.,.,. of GS. State True or False with proper explanation: (a) All vectors are eigenvectors of the Identity matrix. (b) Any matrix can be diagonalized.

More information

Lecture 11: Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

Lecture 11: Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Lecture : Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors De nition.. Let A be a square matrix (or linear transformation). A number λ is called an eigenvalue of A if there exists a non-zero vector u such that A u λ u. ()

More information

Math 205, Summer I, Week 4b: Continued. Chapter 5, Section 8

Math 205, Summer I, Week 4b: Continued. Chapter 5, Section 8 Math 205, Summer I, 2016 Week 4b: Continued Chapter 5, Section 8 2 5.8 Diagonalization [reprint, week04: Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors] + diagonaliization 1. 5.8 Eigenspaces, Diagonalization A vector v

More information

Lecture 10 - Eigenvalues problem

Lecture 10 - Eigenvalues problem Lecture 10 - Eigenvalues problem Department of Computer Science University of Houston February 28, 2008 1 Lecture 10 - Eigenvalues problem Introduction Eigenvalue problems form an important class of problems

More information

Mathematical Methods for Engineers 1 (AMS10/10A)

Mathematical Methods for Engineers 1 (AMS10/10A) Mathematical Methods for Engineers 1 (AMS10/10A) Quiz 5 - Friday May 27th (2016) 2:00-3:10 PM AMS 10 AMS 10A Name: Student ID: Multiple Choice Questions (3 points each; only one correct answer per question)

More information

Math 217: Eigenspaces and Characteristic Polynomials Professor Karen Smith

Math 217: Eigenspaces and Characteristic Polynomials Professor Karen Smith Math 217: Eigenspaces and Characteristic Polynomials Professor Karen Smith (c)2015 UM Math Dept licensed under a Creative Commons By-NC-SA 4.0 International License. Definition: Let V T V be a linear transformation.

More information

EXAM. Exam #3. Math 2360, Spring April 24, 2001 ANSWERS

EXAM. Exam #3. Math 2360, Spring April 24, 2001 ANSWERS EXAM Exam #3 Math 2360, Spring 200 April 24, 200 ANSWERS i 40 pts Problem In this problem, we will work in the vectorspace P 3 = { ax 2 + bx + c a, b, c R }, the space of polynomials of degree less than

More information

Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors 7.1 Eigenvalues and Eigenvecto

Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors 7.1 Eigenvalues and Eigenvecto 7.1 November 6 7.1 Eigenvalues and Eigenvecto Goals Suppose A is square matrix of order n. Eigenvalues of A will be defined. Eigenvectors of A, corresponding to each eigenvalue, will be defined. Eigenspaces

More information

Jordan Normal Form and Singular Decomposition

Jordan Normal Form and Singular Decomposition University of Debrecen Diagonalization and eigenvalues Diagonalization We have seen that if A is an n n square matrix, then A is diagonalizable if and only if for all λ eigenvalues of A we have dim(u λ

More information

Review Notes for Linear Algebra True or False Last Updated: January 25, 2010

Review Notes for Linear Algebra True or False Last Updated: January 25, 2010 Review Notes for Linear Algebra True or False Last Updated: January 25, 2010 Chapter 3 [ Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors ] 31 If A is an n n matrix, then A can have at most n eigenvalues The characteristic

More information

MATH 1553-C MIDTERM EXAMINATION 3

MATH 1553-C MIDTERM EXAMINATION 3 MATH 553-C MIDTERM EXAMINATION 3 Name GT Email @gatech.edu Please read all instructions carefully before beginning. Please leave your GT ID card on your desk until your TA scans your exam. Each problem

More information

Dimension. Eigenvalue and eigenvector

Dimension. Eigenvalue and eigenvector Dimension. Eigenvalue and eigenvector Math 112, week 9 Goals: Bases, dimension, rank-nullity theorem. Eigenvalue and eigenvector. Suggested Textbook Readings: Sections 4.5, 4.6, 5.1, 5.2 Week 9: Dimension,

More information

MATH 20F: LINEAR ALGEBRA LECTURE B00 (T. KEMP)

MATH 20F: LINEAR ALGEBRA LECTURE B00 (T. KEMP) MATH 20F: LINEAR ALGEBRA LECTURE B00 (T KEMP) Definition 01 If T (x) = Ax is a linear transformation from R n to R m then Nul (T ) = {x R n : T (x) = 0} = Nul (A) Ran (T ) = {Ax R m : x R n } = {b R m

More information

LINEAR ALGEBRA BOOT CAMP WEEK 2: LINEAR OPERATORS

LINEAR ALGEBRA BOOT CAMP WEEK 2: LINEAR OPERATORS LINEAR ALGEBRA BOOT CAMP WEEK 2: LINEAR OPERATORS Unless otherwise stated, all vector spaces in this worksheet are finite dimensional and the scalar field F has characteristic zero. The following are facts

More information

Chapter 5 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

Chapter 5 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Chapter 5 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Outline 5.1 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors 5.2 Diagonalization 5.3 Complex Vector Spaces 2 5.1 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Eigenvalue and Eigenvector If A is a n n

More information

Generalized Eigenvectors and Jordan Form

Generalized Eigenvectors and Jordan Form Generalized Eigenvectors and Jordan Form We have seen that an n n matrix A is diagonalizable precisely when the dimensions of its eigenspaces sum to n. So if A is not diagonalizable, there is at least

More information

MATH 221, Spring Homework 10 Solutions

MATH 221, Spring Homework 10 Solutions MATH 22, Spring 28 - Homework Solutions Due Tuesday, May Section 52 Page 279, Problem 2: 4 λ A λi = and the characteristic polynomial is det(a λi) = ( 4 λ)( λ) ( )(6) = λ 6 λ 2 +λ+2 The solutions to the

More information

Mon Mar matrix eigenspaces. Announcements: Warm-up Exercise:

Mon Mar matrix eigenspaces. Announcements: Warm-up Exercise: Math 227-4 Week notes We will not necessarily finish the material from a given day's notes on that day We may also add or subtract some material as the week progresses, but these notes represent an in-depth

More information

Math 314H Solutions to Homework # 3

Math 314H Solutions to Homework # 3 Math 34H Solutions to Homework # 3 Complete the exercises from the second maple assignment which can be downloaded from my linear algebra course web page Attach printouts of your work on this problem to

More information

Announcements Monday, November 13

Announcements Monday, November 13 Announcements Monday, November 13 The third midterm is on this Friday, November 17 The exam covers 31, 32, 51, 52, 53, and 55 About half the problems will be conceptual, and the other half computational

More information

Econ 204 Supplement to Section 3.6 Diagonalization and Quadratic Forms. 1 Diagonalization and Change of Basis

Econ 204 Supplement to Section 3.6 Diagonalization and Quadratic Forms. 1 Diagonalization and Change of Basis Econ 204 Supplement to Section 3.6 Diagonalization and Quadratic Forms De La Fuente notes that, if an n n matrix has n distinct eigenvalues, it can be diagonalized. In this supplement, we will provide

More information

MATH 220 FINAL EXAMINATION December 13, Name ID # Section #

MATH 220 FINAL EXAMINATION December 13, Name ID # Section # MATH 22 FINAL EXAMINATION December 3, 2 Name ID # Section # There are??multiple choice questions. Each problem is worth 5 points. Four possible answers are given for each problem, only one of which is

More information

MA 265 FINAL EXAM Fall 2012

MA 265 FINAL EXAM Fall 2012 MA 265 FINAL EXAM Fall 22 NAME: INSTRUCTOR S NAME:. There are a total of 25 problems. You should show work on the exam sheet, and pencil in the correct answer on the scantron. 2. No books, notes, or calculators

More information

LECTURE VII: THE JORDAN CANONICAL FORM MAT FALL 2006 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY. [See also Appendix B in the book]

LECTURE VII: THE JORDAN CANONICAL FORM MAT FALL 2006 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY. [See also Appendix B in the book] LECTURE VII: THE JORDAN CANONICAL FORM MAT 204 - FALL 2006 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY ALFONSO SORRENTINO [See also Appendix B in the book] 1 Introduction In Lecture IV we have introduced the concept of eigenvalue

More information