THE DOUBLE ANGLE FORMULA
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1 05 HAWAII UNIVERSITY INTERNATIONAL CONERENCES S.T.E.A.. & EDUCATION JUNE 3-5, 05 ALA OANA HOTEL, HONOLULU, HAWAII S.T.E.A. & EDUCATION PUBLICATION: ISSN (CD-RO ISSN (ONLINE THE DOUBLE ANGLE ORULA O THE ULATU NUBERS ULATU, LEA & ET AL SAVANNAH STATE UNIVERSITY, GEORGIA DEPARTENT O ATHEATICS
2 The Double Agle ormula of the ulatu Numbers ulatu Lemma, Joatha Lambright ad Ermi Asfaw College of Sciece ad Techology Savaah State Uiversity Savaah, GA 3404, U.S.A. Hawaii Uiversity Iteratioal Coferece Abstract: The ulatu umbers were itroduced i []. The umbers are sequeces of umbers of the form: 4,, 5,6,,7,8,45... The umbers have woderful ad amazig properties ad patters. I mathematical terms, the sequece of the ulatu umbers is defied by the followig recurrece relatio: : 4 if 0; if ; if. The double Agel ormulas for iboacci ad Lucas umbers are give by the followig formulas respectively. ( L ad ( L 5 L Sice both the iboacci ad Lucas umbers have double agle ormulas, It is atural to ask if such formula exist for ulatu Numbers. The aswer is affirmative ad produces the followig papers. 000 athematical Subject Classificatio: Key Words: ulatu umbers, ulatu sequeces, iboacci umbers, Lucas umbers, iboacci sequeces, ad Lucas sequeces.. Itroductio ad Backgroud. As give i [], the ulatu umbers are a sequece of umbers recetly itroduced by ulatu Lemma, Professor of athematics at Savaah State Uiversity, Savaah, Georgia, USA. The ulatu sequece has wealthy mathematical properties ad patters like the two celebrity sequeces of iboacci ad Lucas.
3 I this paper, more iterestig relatioships of the ulatu umbers to the iboacci ad Lucas umbers will be preseted. Here are the irst ulatu, iboacci, ad Lucas umbers for quick referece. Table ulatu(, iboacci( ad Lucas(L Numbers ( Tables & : : : L : Table : : L : Remark :Throughout this paper,, ad L stad for ulatu umbers, iboacci umbers, ad Lucas umber respectively. The followig well-kow idetities of ulatu umbers, iboacci umbers, ad Lucas umbers are required i this paper ad hereby listed for quick referece. ( L ( (3 L (4 L
4 (5 L L (6 L L L (7 k k k 5 (8 5 L 4 m LL (9 L m 5 m (0 k k k The ai Results. We will state the followig theorem proved i [] as propositio ad use it. Propositio. = Theorem : The followig are equivalet. ( ( (3 L + (4 +4 (5 4-3 Proof: We will show that ( ( (3 (4 (5 ( (i ( ( follows by Propositio. (ii ( (3 follows as show: = = = = +L (iii(3 (4 follows as show: L + = + + = = +4 (iv (4 (5 follows as show: +4 = + 4( -
5 = 4-3 (v (5 ( follows as show: 4-3 = 4-3( - = +3 = = + ( = = = by Propositio ad hece (5 (. Thus the theorem is proved. Theorem : L = ( + - Proof: L = ( + = = - ( + + ( + ( = - L + + ( + = - L + + = - ( + L + = ( + - L = ( + - Hece the theorem is proved. Theorem Proof : L ( 4 ( = L +4 ( + = = Hece, the theorem is proved. +8 Lemma. = + Proof: Applyig (7 above, we have Lemma. = 5 Proof: usig (0 above, we have = 5 0 = 5. Theorem 4. The followig are equivalet. = = +
6 L L 4 L 5 - L 6. Proof (((3 (4 follows by Theorem. We will suffice to show that (4(5(6 ( (i (4(5. Note that Usig (9 above ad lemma, we have L + 5 L + 9 L 4 + =. (ii (5(6. We show this usig Theorem 3 ad Lemma. Note that 9 L 4 5 L L = = = + = L +4 ( = = ( ( = ( 4 ( + 5 -( + = L L (iii (6(. We show this usig Theorem 3 ad Lemma. Note that L L = L - L + 5 -( = L = L -( +4 = L -( ( = = = L = L + ( 5 (
7 = +. = = Hece, (6( ad the theorem is proved. Corollary : L + 4 Proof: The corollary easily follows by Theorem 4, usig (8 above. Refereces:. ulatu Lemma, The ulatu Numbers, Advaces ad Applicatios i athematical Scieces, Volume 0, issue 4,august 0, page Burto, D.., Elemetary umber theory. New York City, New York: cgraw-hill. 998.
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