Investigation I*: Defining Matter

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1 Alchemy Unit Investigation I*: Defining Matter Lesson 3: Tools of the Trade Lesson 2: Whatsa Matter? Lesson 1: Penny for Your Thoughts Lesson 4: All That Glitters *Lesson order shifted slightly to address safety concerns.

2 Alchemy Unit Investigation I Lesson 3: Tools of the Trade

3 ChemCatalyst Matter is defined as anything that has mass and occupies space. Make a list of at least 4 tools or pieces of equipment you think a chemist might use in order to measure the mass and volume of some matter.

4 The Big Question What tools do chemists use when studying matter?

5 You will be able to: Name and explain the uses of some of the equipment used in studying chemistry.

6 Activity Purpose: In this lesson you will be introduced to the many different laboratory tools that chemists use. You will become acquainted with the layout of your lab and with the location and use of safety equipment within your lab.

7 Making Sense What tools did you use in the penny lab on the first day of class?

8 Check-In Where are these items located in your classroom? (Sketch or describe) graduated cylinder test tube rack eye wash Erlenmeyer flask scale or balance fire extinguisher

9 Wrap-Up Chemists have a set of tools that are useful for studying matter. Chemistry laboratories have a number of potential hazards. It is important that you behave responsibly and know how to use the safety equipment.

10 Alchemy Unit Investigation I Lesson 1: Penny for Your Thoughts

11 ChemCatalyst Long ago, early scientists tried to turn ordinary things into gold. This pursuit was called alchemy and the people who engaged in alchemy were called alchemists. Do you think the alchemists were successful in turning things to gold? Explain your thinking.

12 The Big Question Can we turn a penny into gold?

13 You will be able to: Follow a procedure using lab equipment and describe your observations.

14 Activity Purpose: In this activity you will be transforming a copper penny and discussing what happens. Safety Note: You must wear safety goggles at all times. DANGER! Sodium hydroxide will burn skin, eyes, and clothing. (cont.)

15 (cont.)

16 Do the LAB!!!!!

17 Analysis Questions: Complete the following in your journal 1. Describe what you observed during your experiment. 2. What do you think happened to turn the penny silver? 3. What do you think happened to turn the penny gold?

18 Making Sense Do you think you made real gold? How could you find out?

19 Alchemy Unit Investigation I Lesson 2: Whatsa Matter?

20 ChemCatalyst Modern chemistry is defined as the study of matter. What do you think matter is? Name two things that are matter and two things that are not matter.

21 The Big Question What is matter?

22 You will be able to: Describe some properties of matter and classify things as "matter" or "not matter."

23 Activity Purpose: In order to study matter, it is important to understand what matter is and what qualities all matter possesses. In this lesson you will work to come up with a definition for matter. (cont.)

24 (cont.) Matter Unsure Not Matter

25 The LIST!!! toothpaste Electricity A star Juice Sound The ocean Fear DNA Peanut butter Clouds Batteries Saliva Helium Democracy Car exhaust Gasoline Paper bacteria A cell Wisdom Heat A dog Wind Atoms soil STAMP CHECK

26 With your team! 1. Make a list of what properties the things in the matter category have in common. These properties MUST apply to ALL things that are matter! 2. Come up with a definition of matter using these properties. STAMP CHECK!

27 Making Sense Pick one of the items that you consider to be not matter. State why you believe that particular item is something other than matter. Show how it doesn t fit your definition of matter. STAMP CHECK

28 If you have time Could we experience heat without matter? Discuss your ideas on this relationship between heat and matter. INK the main points of your discussion.

29 Notes Here are some textbook definitions of matter: Matter is anything that has mass and volume. Matter is anything of substance in the known universe. Matter is anything that takes up space. (cont.)

30 (cont.) Energy is the ability of a system to do work or supply heat. Energy is not considered to be matter because it does not take up space nor does it have mass.

31 Check-OUT Which of the following can be classified as matter according to our definition? And WHY? a) a beam of sunlight b) an automobile c) an idea d) your breath e) rain f) sadness

32 Wrap-Up Matter is everything that takes up space. Matter exists in many forms.

33 Homework 1) Someone might claim that air is not matter because you cannot see it. Write a paragraph showing how you would prove to the class that air has substance and IS matter!

34 Alchemy Unit Investigation I Lesson 4: All That Glitters

35 ChemCatalyst In the year 1 B.C., King Hiero commissioned the creation of a golden crown. However, he didn t believe that the goldsmith used all gold. He asked Archimedes to determine if the crown was solid gold. (cont.)

36 (cont.) Do you think Archimedes could determine if the crown was solid gold by putting it under water? Why or why not? What happens to the water level in a container if you submerge a crown in the water?

37 The Big Question How can we use mass and volume to prove whether or not a substance is gold?

38 You will be able to: Find the mass, volume, and density of solid objects.

39 Notes Mass is the amount of stuff or substance. We measure mass by measuring weight on a scale or balance. Volume refers to the amount of space occupied by a substance.

40 Activity Purpose: It is not always easy to tell one form of matter from another. This activity will show you how to differentiate between different forms of matter by examining density, one of the physical properties of matter. density = mass volume (cont.)

41 (cont.) Data and Calculations Metal Mass Volume of Volume of Volume of (g) water (ml) water with metal (ml) metal (ml) 2-inch long gold-colored rod 2-inch long silver-colored rod 4-inch long silver-colored rod (cont.)

42 (cont.) Densities of metals copper zinc gold aluminum brass 9.0 g/ml 7.1 g/ml 19.3 g/ml

43 Making Sense Could you use density information to determine if the golden penny you made in class is gold? Why or why not?

44 Notes Density is defined as the mass per unit volume or how much stuff there is in a certain space. d = m The intrinsic property of a substance is a property that doesn t depend on size and shape (for the same temperature). It is generally not possible to deduce the density of a substance from its appearance. v

45 Check-In In 1999 the United States Mint produced a coin called the Golden Dollar. It features an image of Sacagawea, the famous Native American guide for Lewis and Clark. It has a mass of 9.8 g and a volume of 1.1 ml. What is the density of this coin? The density of gold is 19.3 g/ml. Is this coin truly gold? Explain.

46 Wrap-Up Density is an intrinsic physical property of matter. It is a measure of the mass per unit of volume of a substance. One substance can be distinguished from another by examining its intrinsic physical properties.

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