Nonlinear elliptic systems with exponential nonlinearities

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1 22-Fez conference on Partial Differential Equations, Electronic Journal of Differential Equations, Conference 9, 22, pp or ftp ejde.math.swt.edu (login: ftp) onlinear elliptic systems with exponential nonlinearities Said El Manouni & Abdelfattah Touzani Abstract In this paper we investigate the existence of solutions for div(a( u ) u 2 u) = f(x, u, v) div(a( v ) v 2 v) = g(x, u, v) u(x) = v(x) = on. in in Where is a bounded domain in R, 2, f and g are nonlinearities having an exponential growth on and a is a continuous function satisfying some conditions which ensure the existence of solutions. 1 Introduction Let R, 2 be a bounded domain with smooth boundary. In this paper we shall be concerned with existence of solutions for the problem div(a( u ) u 2 u) = f(x, u, v) div(a( v ) v 2 v) = g(x, u, v) u(x) = v(x) = on. in in (1.1) Where the nonlinearities f, g : R 2 R are continuous functions having an exponential growth on : i.e., (H1) For all δ > f(x, u, v) + g(x, u, v) lim = Uniformly in. (u,v) e δ( u + v ) 1/( 1) Let us mention that there are many results in the scalar case for problem involving exponential growth in bounded domains; see for example [4], [6]. The Mathematics Subject Classifications: 35J7, 35B45, 35B65. Key words: onlinear elliptic system, exponential growth, Palais-Smale condition. c 22 Southwest Texas State University. Published December 28,

2 14 onlinear elliptic systems with exponential nonlinearities objective of this paper is to extend these results to a more general class of elliptic systems using variational method. Here we will make use the approach stated by Rabinowitz [8]. ote that for nonlinearities having polynomial growth, several results of such problem have been established. We can cite, among others, the articles: [9] and [1]. In order to prove the compactness condition of the functional associated to a problem (1.1) we assume the following hypothesis (H2) u F u µ 2 F F and v v µ F 2 F, where F = F (x, u, v) and such that u = v = g(x, u, v) with F (x, u, v) > for u > and v >, f(x, u, v), F F (x, u, v) = for u or v with µ > and U = (u, v) R 2. We shall find weak-solution of (1.1) in the space W = W 1, W 1, endowed with the norm U W = U dx = ( u + v ) dx where U = (u, v) W. Motivated by the following result due to Trudinger and Moser (cf. [7].[11]), we remark that the space W is embeded in the class of Orlicz-Lebesgue space L φ = {U : R 2, measurable : φ(u) < }, where φ(s, t) = exp ( s ) 1 + t 1. Moreover, sup (u,v) W 1 exp ( γ( u 1 + v 1 ) dx C if γ ω 1, where C is a real number and ω 1 is the dimensional surface of the unit sphere. On this paper, we make the following assumptions on the function a. (a1) a : R + R is continuous (a2) There exist positive constants p ]1, ], b 1, b 2, c 1, c 2 such that c 1 + b 1 u p u p a(u ) c 2 + b 2 u p u R + ; (a3) The function k : R R, k(u) = a( u ) u 2 u is strictly increasing and k(u) as u +. Remark ote that operator considered here has been studied by Hirano [5] and by Ubilla [11] with nonlinearities having polynomial growth. We shall denote by λ 1 the smallest eigenvalue [9] for the problem u = λ u α 1 u v β+1 v = λ u α+1 v β 1 v u(x) = v(x) = in R in R on ;

3 Said El Manouni & Abdelfattah Touzani 141 i.e., { α + 1 λ 1 = inf u dx + β + 1 v dx : } (u, v) W, u α+1 v β+1 dx = 1 where α + β = 2 and α, β > 1. Definition (ϕ, ψ) W, We say that a pair (u, v) W is a weak solution of (1.1) if for all a( u ) u 2 u ϕ dx = f(x, u, v)ϕ dx (1.2) a( v ) v 2 v ψ dx = g(x, u, v)ψ dx ow state our main results. Theorem 1.1 Suppose that f and g are continuous functions satisfying (H1), (H2) and that a satisfies (a1), (a2) and (a3), with b 2 < µb 1. Furthermore, assume that pf (x, U) lim sup U u α+1 v β+1 < (c 1 + b 1 δ p ())λ 1 (1.3) uniformly on x, where δ p () = 1 if = p and δ p () = if p. Then problem (1.1) has a nontrivial weak solution in W. Remarks 1) Here we note that in case that (a2) holds for p =, the condition (a2) can be rewritten as follows: (a2 ) There exist c 1, c 2 such that c 1 a(u ) c 2 for all u R +. If a(t) = 1, (a2 ) holds with c 1 = c 2 = 1 and therefore, we obtain the result given in [3]. 2) If a(u) = 1 + u p, conditions (a2) and (a3) hold, then the problem (1.1) can be formulated as follows u p u = f(x, u, v) v p v = g(x, u, v); where p div( u p 2 u) is p-laplacian operator.

4 142 onlinear elliptic systems with exponential nonlinearities 2 Preliminaries The maximal growth of f(x, u, v) and g(x, u, v) will allow us to treat variationally system (1.1) in the product Sobolev space W. This exponential growth is relatively motivated by Trudinger-Moser inequality ([4], [11]). ote that if the functions f and g are continuous and have an exponential growth, then there exist positive constants C and γ such that f(x, u, v) + g(x, u, v) C exp ( γ( u 1 + v Consequently the functional Ψ : W R defined as Ψ(u, v) = F (x, u, v) dx is well defined, belongs to C 1 (W, R), and has Ψ (u, v)(ϕ, ψ) = f(x, u, v)ϕ + g(x, u, v)ψ dx. 1 ) ), (x, u, v) R 2. (2.1) To prove this statements, we deduce from (2.1) that there exists C 1 > such that Thus, since F (x, u, v) C 1 exp(γ( u exp ( γ( u v )), (x, u, v) R v ) ) L 1 (), (u, v) W, we have the result. It follows from the assumptions on the function a that for all t R, 1 A( t ) b 1 t + c 1 p t p 1 A( t ) b 2 t + c 2 p t p, where A(t) = t a(s) ds. Furthermore the function g(t) = A( t ) is strictly convex. Consequently, the functional Φ : W R defined as Φ(u, v) = 1 A( u ) + A( v ) dx is well defined, weakly lower semicontinuous, Frechet differentiable and belongs to C 1 (W, R). Therefore, if the function a satisfies conditions (a1), (a2) and (a3) and the nonlinearities f and g are continuous and satisfy (2.1), we conclude that the functional J : W R, given by J(u, v) = 1 A( u ) + A( v ) dx F (x, u, v) dx

5 Said El Manouni & Abdelfattah Touzani 143 is well defined and belongs to C 1 (W, R). Also for all (u, v) W, J (u, v)(ϕ, ψ) = a( u ) u 2 u ϕ + a( v ) v 2 u ψ dx f(x, u, v)ϕ + g(x, u, v)ψ dx. Consequently, we are interested in using Critical Point theory to obtain weak solutions of (1.1). Lemma 2.1 Assume that f and g are continuous and have an exponential growth. Let (u n, v n ) be a sequence in W such that (u n, v n ) converge weakly on (u, v) X, then f(x, u n, v n )(u n u) dx, g(x, u n, v n )(v n v) dx, as n. Proof. Let (u n, v n ) be a sequence converging weakly to some (u, v) in W. Thus, there exist a subsequence, denoted again by (u n, v n ) such that u n u v n v in L p (), in L q (), as n and for all p, q > 1. On the other hand, we have f(x, u n, v n ) p dx C exp(pγ( u n 1 + vn 1 )) dx 1 C( exp(spγ u n 1 )) s ( exp(s pγ v n ( C ( exp(spγ u n 1 W 1, exp(s pγ v n 1 W 1, 1 ( u n u n W 1, 1 ( v n v n W 1, 1 1 )) s ) 1/s )) ) 1/s )). Since (u n, v n ) is a bounded sequence, we may choose γ sufficiently small such that spγ u n W 1, 1 < α and s pγ v n W 1, 1 < α. Then f(x, u n, v n ) p dx C 1

6 144 onlinear elliptic systems with exponential nonlinearities for n large and some constant C 1 >. By the same argument, we have also g(x, u n, v n ) q dx C 2 for n large and some constant C 2 >. Using Hölder inequality, we obtain [ f(x, u n, v n )(u n u) dx f(x, u n, v n ) p ] 1/p [ u n u p ] 1/p C [ u n u p ] 1/p and g(x, u n, v n )(v n v) dx [ g(x, u n, v n ) q ] 1/q [ v n v q ] 1/q C [ v n v q ] 1/q. Thus the proof is completed since u n u in L p () and v n v in L q (). Lemma 2.2 Assume that f and g are continuous satisfying (H1). Then the functional J satisfies Palais-Smale condition (PS) provided that every sequence (u n, v n ) in W is bounded. Proof. ote that J (u n, v n )(ϕ, ψ) =Φ (u n, v n )(ϕ, ψ) f(x, u n, v n )ϕ + g(x, u n, v n )ψ dx ε n (ϕ, ψ) W, (2.2) for all (ϕ, ψ) W, where ε n as n. Since (u n, v n ) W is bounded, we can take a subsequence, denoted again by (u n, v n ) such that u n u v n u in L p (), in L q (), as n approaches and p, q > 1. Then considering in one hand ϕ = u n u and ψ = in (2.2) and with the help of Lemma 2.1, we obtain Φ (u n, v n )(u n u, ), as n approaches. Since u n u weakly, as n and Φ (S + ), the result is proved. We have the same result for v n by considering ψ = v n v and ϕ = in (2.2). Finally, we conclude that (u n, v n ) (u, v) as n. Lemma 2.3 Assume that the function a satisfies (a1), (a2) and (a3) with b 2 < µb 1, and that the nonlinearities f and g are continuous and satisfy (H1). Then the functional J satisfies the Palais-Smale condition (PS).

7 Said El Manouni & Abdelfattah Touzani 145 Proof. Using (a1), (a2) and (a3) with b 2 < µb 1, we obtain positive constants c, d such that µ A(t) a(t)t ct d t R+. (2.3) ow, let (u n, v n ) be a sequence in W satisfying condition (PS). Thus 1 A( u n ) + 1 A( v n ) dx F (x, u n, v n ) dx c (2.4) as n goes to. a( u n ) u n + a( v n ) v n ( f(x, u n, v n )u n + g(x, u n, v n )v n ) dx ε n (u n, v n ) W, (2.5) where ε n as n. Multiplying (2.4) by µ, subtracting (2.5) from the expression obtained and using (2.3), we have u n + v n (µf (x, u n, v n ) (f(x, u n, v n )u n +g(x, u n, v n )v n ) dx c + ε n (u n, v n ) W. From this inequality and using hypothesis (H1), we deduce that (u n, v n ) is bounded sequence in W. ow, with the help of Lemma 2.2, we conclude the proof. 3 Proofs of the existence results Lemma 3.1 Assume that the hypotheses of Theorem 1.1 hold. Then, there exist η, ρ > such that J(u, v) η if (u, v) X = ρ. Moreover, J(t(u, v)) as t + for all (u, v) W. Proof. r >, By (1.3) and (2.1), we can choose η 1 < c 1 + b 1 δ p () such that for F (x, u, v) 1 p η 1λ 1 u α+1 v β+1 + C u r e γ u 1 e γ v 1, for all (x, u, v) W. For u W 1, and v W 1, Trudinger-Moser s inequalities, we obtain small, from Hölder s and J(u, v) b 1 u + c 1 W 1, p u p η 1 W 1, p u p C W 1, 1 u r W 1, + b 1 v + c 1 W 1, p v p η 1 W 1, p v p W 1, C 1 v r. W 1,

8 146 onlinear elliptic systems with exponential nonlinearities Since η 1 < c 1 + b 1 δ p () and p < r, we can choose ρ > such that J(u, v) η if (u, v) W = ρ for some η >. On the other hand, we can prove easily that J(t(u, v)) as t + So, by the Mountain-Pass Lemma [2], problem (1.1) has nontrivial solution (u, v) W which is a critical point of J. This completes the proof of Theorem 1.1. At the end, we give an example which illustrates conditions given on the nonlinearities f and g. Example Let F (x, u, v) = (1 + δ p ()) λ p u α+1 v β+1 + (1 χ(u, v))exp (σ( u + v ) 1 1 Log( u + v + 2) where χ C 1 (R 2, [, 1]), χ 1 on some ball B(, r) R 2 with r >, and χ on R 2 \B(, r + 1). Thus, it follows immediately that (H 1 ), (H 2 ) and (1.3) are satisfied. Then problem (1.1) has a nontrivial weak solution provided that λ < λ 1. ) References [1] Adimurthi, Existence of positive solutions of the semilinear Dirichlet problem with critical growth for the n-laplacian, Ann. Sc. orm. Sup. Pisa 17 (199), [2] A. Ambrosetti and P.H. Rabinowitz, Dual variational methods in critical point theory and applications, Funct. Anal. 14 (1973), [3] S. El Manouni and A. Touzani, Existence of nontrivial solutions for some elliptic systems in R 2, Lecture ote in Pure and Applied Mathematics, Marcel Dekker, Vol 229, pp (22). [4] D. G. de Figueiredo, O. H. Miyagaki and B. Ruf, Elliptic equations in R 2 with nonlinearities in the critical growth range, Calculus of Variations and PDE. [5]. Hirano, Multiple solutions for quasilinear elliptic equations. onl. Anal. Th. Meth. Appl. 15 (199). pp [6] Joao Marcos B. do O, Semilinear elliptic equations with exponential nonlinearities, Appl. onlinear Anal. 2 (1995). [7] J. Moser, A sharp form of an equality by. Trudinger, Ind. Univ. Math. J. 2 (1971),

9 Said El Manouni & Abdelfattah Touzani 147 [8] P.H. Rabinowitz, Minimax Methods in Critical Point Theory with Applications to Differential Equations, CBMS, o. 65 AMS, [9] F. De.Thelin, Première valeur propre d un système elliptique non lineaire, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, t.311, Série 1 (199), [1] J. Velin and F. De.Thelin, Existence and onexistence on ontrivial Solutions for Some onlinear Elliptic Systems, Revista Matematica de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid 6, numero 1 (1993). [11]. S. Trudinger, On imbedding into Orlicz spaces and some applications, J. Math. Mech. 17 (1967), [12] P. Ubilla, Alguns resultados de multiplicidade de solucoes pam equacoes eliticas quasi-lineares. Doctoral dissertation (Unicamp) Said El Manouni ( manouni@hotmail.com) Abdelfattah Touzani ( atouzani@iam.net.ma ) Département de Mathématiques et Informatique Faculté des Sciences Dhar-Mahraz, B. P Atlas, Fès, Maroc.

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