Projekts Materiālu mehānisko mikro nano- mēroga īpašības un to ietekme uz cilvēka drošību. Izbraukuma seminārs

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1 Valsts pētījumu programma Inovatīvi materiāli un viedās tehnoloģijas vides drošumam Projekts Materiālu mehānisko mikro nano- mēroga īpašības un to ietekme uz cilvēka drošību Izbraukuma seminārs Rīga, AVIATEST LNK SIA, Rezeknes ielā, 1 9:00-9:05 Ievadvārdi. J. Dehtjars, A. Sorokins 9:05-9:15 Programmas un Projekta prezentācija. J. Dehtjars 9:15-9:30 Ar nanocauruļu pildīto kompozītmateriāla agrīnas sabrukšanas diagnostika, izmantojot in situ elektronu emisiju. J. Dehtjars 9:30-9:45 Polimēru kompozītu materiālu virsmu agrīnas sabrukšanass diagnostikas metode, izmantojot ar sabrukšanu inducēto nokrāsošanu. A. Aniskevičs 9:45-10:00 Polimateriālu cauruļu ietekme uz baktēriju vairošanu ūdensapgādes tīklā. K. Gruskeviča. 10:00-10:30 Diskusija. Vada J. Dehtjars, A. Sorokins

2 Valsts pētījumu programma Projekts Materiālu mehānisko mikro nano- mēroga īpašības un to ietekme uz cilvēka drošību (atbildīgais J.Dehtjars) INOVATĪVI MATERIĀLI UN VIEDĀS TEHNOLOĢIJAS VIDES DROŠUMAM, IMATEH imateh.rtu.lv Izpētīt polimēru kompozītu materiālu virsmu agrīno sabrukšanu, izstrādāt diagnostikas metodes un analizēt metožu pielietojuma iespējas uzņēmumos Paredzētie pētījumi Izanalizēt polimēru kompozītu materiālu virsmu agrīno sabrukšanas diagnostikas metožu pielietojumu iespējas uzņēmumos Diagnostikas metožu pielietojumsmašīnu un konstrukciju ražošanā; Diagnostikas metožu pielietojumsdzeramā ūdens cauruļu ražošanā. A. Slodze Agrīna diagnostika Saraujas saites Mikro/nano plaisas BINI Barjera elektroniem Elektronu emisija Deformācija 1

3 BINI BINI Light, hν I Ārejavide, ūdens mikroorgamizmi Mikro/nano plaisas Specimen hν Vacuum ϕ 7 2

4 Ārejavide, ūdens mikroorgamizmi Mikro/nano plaisas Ārejavide, ūdens mikroorgamizmi Mikro/nano plaisas Agrīna diagnostika Agrīna diagnostika B. B. 3

5 Andrejs Aniskevičs Olga Bulderberga Ar nanocauruļu pildīto kompozītmateriāla agrīnas sabrukšanas diagnostika, izmantojot insituelektronu emisiju Jurijs Dehtjars (PI) Anna Korvena-Kosakovska Igors Kozaks Marina Romanova 1 2 The surface -the gate to strength Complicated loading Concentrators of strength Maximal stress Micro-, nano-scale 3 4 1

6 Strength, arb units Roughness: peak-to-valley height, nm [Michael S. Gaither, Richard S. Gates, Rebecca Kirkpatrick, Robert F. Cook, and Frank W. DelRio. Etching Process Effects on Surface Structure, Fracture Strength, and Reliability of Single-Crystal Silicon Theta-Like Specimens. JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS, VOL. 22, NO. 3, 2013, ] R Square of the sphere (S) = 4 πr 2 Volumeofthesphere(V) = 4/3πR 3 S/V = 3/R R 0 S/V R 0; Surfacecontribution 5 6 Surface Surface Density of charge is different Energy to escape is different 7 8 2

7 Mean free path, Å Mean free path of electrons To get the electron out from the surface layer ϕ 1 5 ev Energy, ev Light, hν Specimen hν Vacuum aviatest 10 Light, hν I If I 0, hν= ϕ hν Specimen I = coef(hν-ϕ ) m ϕ potential negativity Vacuum 11 ϕ HAP: Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 OH Proton Density of protons has the strongest influence on the surface charge Oxygen V S Bystrov, E Paramonova, Yu Dekhtyar, AKatashev,AKarlov, N Polyaka, A V Bystrova, A Patmalnieks,A L Kholkin. Computational and experimental studies of size and shape related physical properties of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 23 (2011) (10pp) aviatest 12 3

8 Surface tension ~ 1/R R Surface reconstruction depends on R Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 R V. Bystrov et al. IFMBE proceedings. V. 14, 2006, R nm Proton density Surface charge + 13 [ V. Bystrov, N. Bystrova, Y. Dekhtyar, S. Filippov, A. Karlov, A. Katashev, C. Meissner, E. Paramonova, A. Patmalnieks,N. Polyaka,ASapronovaIFMBEproceedings. V.14.,2006., ] ECprojectNMP3-CT , , coordinator, Yu.Dekhtyar Highproton density + aviatest Low proton density + 14 General approach to particle adhesion Particle Cell General approach to particle adhesion Particle Cell Energy Interaction energy Attractive van der Waals force Repulsive electrostatic force Adhesion Distance Substrate L. Landau 1962 Nobel Prize in Physics Charge Substrate Depends on the substrate surface charge [Derjaguin B.V., Landau L.D. Acta Physic Chimica, USSR, 14, , (1941). ] 15 [Derjaguin B.V., Landau L.D. Acta Physic Chimica, USSR, 14, , (1941). ] aviatest 16 4

9 Attractive van der Waals force General approach to particle adhesion Microorganism Particle Cell Molecula Charge Substrate Energy Repulsive electrostatic force Interaction energy Distance Depends on the substrate surface charge [Derjaguin B.V., Landau L.D. Acta Physic Chimica, USSR, 14, , (1941). ] aviatest 17 Even surface Glass for optical microscopy Surface roughness R a = 1,23 ±0,59 nm AFM measurements Solver PRO47 Identification of the electrical charge : electron work function measurement 18 I Electron work function measurement II Radiation I Electron work function measurement II Radiation Glass for optical microscopy Glass for optical microscopy Glass for optical microscopy Glass for optical microscopy Surface roughness R a = 1,23 ±0,59 nm AFM measurements Solver PRO47 III Electron work function measurement IV Immobilization of cells Saccharomycescerevisiae (yeast) Glass for optical microscopy Glass for optical microscopy

10 V Optical microscopy LiecaDMLA ImagePro-Plus Glass for optical microscopy Number of immobilised cells, arb units Negative charge increases Increment of the electron work function, ev With courtesy by BScstudent M. Zeidaks 23 With courtesy by BScstudent M. Zeidaks 24 6

11 Slodze Barjera elektroniem Elektronu emisija Saraujas saites Mikro/nano plaisas Elektronu emisija Deformācija aviatest aviatest Araldite LY 1564 SP: Hardener XB 3486= 100:34 aviatest aviatest

12 aviatest aviatest aviatest aviatest

13 aviatest aviatest A/B Nanotube concentration 0% B Slodze A Deformācija Emisijas strāva A/B=f(gaisma) BS3 NoFilter BS

14 A/B Nanotube concentration 1,0% Emission current, electron/sec Altitude = I min /I max % I max I min 100 Electron emission Extension Strain, % Stress arb units BS3 NoFilter BS Morphology Electrical potential Z, nm Morphology X, μm V, mv Electrical potential Morphology Potential

15 10 Altitude of the max, % Nanotube conceration, % Young module, arb. units Nanotube concentration, % Young module, arb. units Altitude of the max, % Paldies par uzmanību!

16 INTRODUCTION Polimēru kompozītu materiālu virsmu agrīnas sabrukšanas diagnostikas metode, izmantojot ar sabrukšanu inducēto nokrāsošanu APPLICATIONS of fibre-reinforced reinforced composites: TRANSPORT CAR & RAIL BODY PANELS INSTRUMENT PANELS GENERAL ENGINEERING PIPE SYSTEMS STORAGE TANKS BRIDGES LU MMI - Aviatest 2016 AEROSPACE GENERAL & MILITARY AVIATION FUSELAGE WINGS SPORT EQUIPMENT BIKE FRAMES CANOES 2 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION PROBLEM: internal damage is not always visible. Microcracks The technical monitoring requires: special equipment for periodic monitoring; built-in sensors for permanent monitoring; special data treatment for each method of control. Aging of the material/the impact of environmental factors Manca, M., et. al. /Core Debond Fatigue Crack Growth Characterization Using the Sandwich Mixed Mode Bending Specimen, Composites: Part A (2012),

17 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION SOLUTION: polymer composite with damage indication ability - biomimetic function provides damage visibility like a bruise in the human body. The aim of the work: to develop polymer composite with damage indication ability. 5 6 MATERIALS GENERAL IDEA : MATERIALS COMPONENTS: FABRIC WATER EMULSIONS OF: 1. MICROENCAPSULATED LEUCO DYE, 2. DYE DEVELOPER, 3. EPOXY-MODIFIED POLYURETHANE ACRYLIC POLYMER. 7 Fabric, impregnated with the mixture of components 8 2

18 SUGGESTIONS METHODS: INTERNAL External Capsulated stress capsulated indication stress indication system Internal MANUFACTURE OF SPECIMENS: VACUUM ASSISTED RESIN TRANSFER MOLDING METHOD OPPORTUNITIES TO LOCATE DAMAGE INDICATOR: Damage indicating paints Adhesive elements on different bases Stress sensitive layer Embedded in polymer DURING ASSEMBLING OF COMPOSITE INTO THE EXISTED COMPOSITE Separate layer FRP 9 10 METHODS: INTERNAL METHODS: INTERNAL MECHANICAL TESTING: PROPERTIES OF THE MATERIAL VISUAL RESPONSE EFFECT OF INTEGRATED DAMAGE INDICATION LAYER ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE CORRELATION OF VISUAL RESPONSE AFTER DAMAGE VS. TIME DIGITAL IMAGE ANALYSIS * : PHOTO OF THE SPECIMENS after specific load F = 400 N F = 2000 N Double notch shear strength tests ESTIMATION OF COLORED RESPONSE IN PHOTOSHOP BY MATHCAD ALGORITHM Quasi-static compression tests 11 * Vidinejevs S., Aniskevich A., Gregor A., Sjöberg M., Alvarez G. Smart polymeric coatings for damage visualization in substrate materiāls. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 2012, Vol. 23, No. 12, pp

19 RESULTS: INTERNAL RESULTS: INTERNAL LOAD VISUALIZATION THRESHOLD experimental models with protective epoxy coating from 0 till 4.5 mm were tested 8 LOAD VISUALIZATION THRESHOLD experimental models with protective epoxy coating from 0 till 4.5 mm were tested B, Photos of specimens and visual response after the load. P*, kn P, kn Integral colour response B vs. indentation load P for the protective epoxy coating thickness d =1.26 ± 0.05 mm d, mm Threshold P* of visualization the load vs. protective epoxy coating thickness d. For d >3mm, an irreversible deformation was detected. 14 RESULTS: INTERNAL RESULTS: INTERNAL Effect of integrated damage indication layer on mechanical properties of composite Correlation of visual response after damage vs. time (T=22±1 C): 25 Shear stress at break GFRC with smart layer Reference GFRC without smart layer. Shear tests Compression tests Photos in time τ, MPa average l, mm Elastic, equilibrium model of smart layer Elastic, equilibrium model of reference GFRC 15 Fractional conversion, dimensionless shear experimental shear theoretical 0 min indentation experimental indentation theoretical Time, h Qinetics of visual transformation 10 min 90min 16 4

20 RESULTS: EXTERNAL RESULTS: EXTERNAL TESTING ON REAL OBJECTS : BUILDING SAFETY HELMET TESTING ON REAL OBJECTS : WIND TURBINE BLADE Polymer composite with damage indication ability Polymer composite layer with damage indication ability CONCLUSIONS: A model of polymer composite layer with damage indication ability was developed. Present layer can be placed into the composite during assembling or placed on the finished production. It is possible to vary the sensitivity threshold of damage indicating layer. Maximal colour transformations are reached in 1,5 h for T=21 C. Damage visualization function is preserved for a long time. Latvia state research programme under grant agreement INNOVATIVE MATERIALS AND SMART TECHNOLOGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY

21 Kompozītpolimēru materiāli Polimēru materiālu cauruļu ietekme uz baktēriju vairošanos ūdensapgādes tīklā Kamila Gruškeviča Dr.sc.ing. Ūdens pētniecības laboratorija + ilgs kalpošanas laiks; + neskar korozija. Ražošanas procesā pievieno organiskās un neorganiskās piedevas, kas paredzētas materiālu plastiskumu uzlabošanai un kalpošanas ilguma pagarināšanai. Seminārs PE, PVC, piedevas biodegradējami organiskie savienojumi. barības vielas baktērijām; dezinfekcijas produkti kancerogēni savienojumi; ūdens organoleptiskās īpašības; apgrūtina ūdens apgādes tīkla attīrīšana pēc tīša vai netīša piesārņojuma. Piesārņota dzeramā ūdens padeve var būtiski ietekmēt cilvēka veselību un, līdz ar to, tā dzīves vides kvalitāti. Testētas caurules 1

22 - Ultra tīrs ūdens Rezultāti: - Krāna ūdens Rezultāti: Materiāla sabrukšanas paātrināšana: Materiāla sabrukšanas paātrināšana: 2

23 Mikrobioloģiskie testi: HDPE caurule: Ūdens no cauruļu paraugiem + baktērijas (Evian ūdens konsorcijs vai E.coli) PE-RC (izturīga) caurule: Rezultāti parādīja, ka testētas polimēru caurules izdala ūdenī organiskas vielas, kas sekmē baktēriju vairošanās. Turklāt, ūdenī pēc kontakta ar caurulēm vairojās gan Evian ūdens baktērijas (kas ir normāla parādība, jo tā ir ūdens baktērijām ierasta vide), gan E.coli baktērijas. Savukārt, E.coli šūnu vairošanās norāda uz to, ka polimēra caurules var sekmēt fekālo baktēriju vairošanās tīkla netīša (vai tīša) piesārņojuma gadījumā. 3

24 Acknowledgement: The research leading to these results has received the funding from Latvia State Research Programme under grant agreement "Innovative Materials and Smart Technologies for Environmental Safety, IMATEH". 4