Mr-Sami Abouelela. Energy. Hamza Bin Abdulmotaleb - Mr Samy Abu elela. Measuring Heat. (1 kcal) 1000 cal .

Transcription

1 Energy - http// saweeblycom C g 0 kcal 0000 cal 0 Cal I 8 J The Nature o Energy C8 q Measuring eat calorie cal Calories Cal kcal 00 cal J=N m joule J 090 cal J http// saweeblycom 6 F 6 F 55 J = BTU BTU

2 http// saweeblycom K Cal=Kcal cal = 8 J J = 090 cal Cal=00cal 96 5 J 7 k cal 000 cal 07 kcal cal 0 Cal Cal 56 X = 08 J X = 0000 kcal 00 g Kcal Cal 865 specic heat 8 J/g K 8 J J 0 cal ; = X cal = 8 J cal = 000 kcal C 5 http// saweeblycom 08 J/g C

3 http// saweeblycom C q m J/g K c =090 J/g K 0 0 c = 0069 J/g J c = 09 J/g C 5 80 J J/g -Ti q c =05 J/g K 5 C 8 J cal/g q c = m m 5 g 50 C c c =08 J/g K 65 g 0 g c 00 g 8 J/g 090 J/g 788 C 5 C g J/g o C q = c m c = 0 J/g K c T 5 http// saweeblycom 5 J/g C 5696 J 00 C 5 C 55 g 6

4 500 C 5 C 76 J 50 g 0 J/g C 7 http// saweeblycom T = J 00 C g J/ C g 76 C 5690 J 50 g J/g C J Cal J/g K K 7K 59 J 00 g 80 g 5 g 0 g o C 00 o C 00 g J/g o C o C 77 o C 500 g 0900 J/g o C C 5 C 0 g J 0 J/g C J/g 800 g 9 J/g J/g 5 J 08 J/g 5 cal/g 7 J/g 9 J J g 7 J/g J/g K 0 g 0006 J 0 J/g 6 J/g J/g 86 J/g 0006 J/g 00 g 6 J http// saweeblycom

5 eat - http// saweeblycom 500 g T = 5 0 J/g 508 g 560 J = products 560 C 90 C 8 C reactants 00 C J/ C g 56 J g Calorimetry 5 g 50 C 900 g Abouelela 5650 J 66 C 00 C http// saweeblycom 90 C 0500 J 0 C 00 g 080 J/g C Mr-ami 9750 J 655 C 5 g 6

6 Chemical Energy and the Universe http// saweeblycom rxn = products 7 N NO s N N NO s N aq NO 00 C 5 C 0 0 C Fes - aq - aq O reactants g - NO aq = 7 rxn FeOs Fe s Fe s products q = cm T 65 = rxn O O g = inal - initial Fe O s 65 Fe O s rxn= g 5 g 0 cal 50 g g < reactants rxn rxn = products - reactants J/g C 0 J/g 0C http// saweeblycom

7 Thermochemical Equations - http// saweeblycom 75 mol mol O=8 g/mol CO= g/mol C 6 O 6s 6O g us g g Og vap enthalpy heat o combustion c mol 6CO g 6 O l comb = -808 Og Ol = -86 Ol = -57 Changes o tate vap Molar enthalpy heat o usion us Molar enthalpy heat o vaporization Ol O s O s Ol us us solid = 07 /mol = /mol Og O l O l Os us = - vap us us solid solid = 07 = 60 = 60 = - 60 O l Og 66 g 57g vap cond O g Ol vap = - vap cond cond = 07 = g N =7 g/mol cond = - /mol http// saweeblycom C=6 g/mol g C comb = - 89 /mol 880 C

8 Combustion Reactions 808 mol http// saweeblycom 0 ATP ATP us= 60 /mol C 8 8 comb = - 67 /mol O l Br l C5g 8Og vap O s Br s 5COg 6 Ol CO C5O C 8g CO s C8g C 8l CO g C8l 80 g 80 g O = mol O = 07 /mol COs =0 J/g C COl = 8 J/g C COg = 0 J/g C 0 C 0 C 78 C 90 C - C -0 C 0 C - 0 C q = 75 0 C 0 C q = 60 q= 5 0 C 0 C C 0 C 0 C -0 C 78 C - C - C -0 C 90 C http// saweeblycom

9 Calculating Enthalpy Change - http// saweeblycom a CO g O g b Ng Og - - O O g À COg NOg CO g O ns Clg -5 ncll NOg O O -86 ncll COg s Og? Ng =? = = -806 O - 97 KJ 98 KJ O Og =? O ns Clg n s Cl g ncll Clg ns Clg b ncl l ncll ncll a ncll =? =? =? http// saweeblycom Al s a Als Og b Mns Og MnO s b A l O s Mn s A los MnOs a = -789 = -5 =? -789

10 atm 5 À http// saweeblycom s Og Og > 0 rxn = /mol /mol NO N g O g 96 /mol O s O g MP = C5g 8Og Ol products -858 /mol 98 K 5 C atm g - O g < 0 O O O NO g O g 5COg 6Ol = 0 N O = 0 / mol N = /mol O = - 96 /mol rxn O l reactants 556 CO g= -95 /mol C5 = - 86 /mol http// saweeblycom FeO O = - /mol Fe O FeO= -855 /mol

11 -676 /mol AlO Al FeO AlO Fe -86 /mol FeO http// saweeblycom N g 98 K O g = NO NO g NO g = - 8 /mol NO O g -86 = O l 90 = NO O l O l C7COOl O g =? b NOg Og rxn NOaq NOaq O aq b 5 5Og Cs g Og NO g NOg NO N g COg Ol rxn N g rxn NO g 7O g C7COOl b a = - 58 rxn À =? NO g O g O g À Og NO g 5-6 Og NO g - 67 KJ O g NO g NO g a 6 O l comb = -5 b = 9 a Og À = 95 Og À = -7 O g À = -99 = /mol 5 6 http// saweeblycom

12 5 - pontaneous process http// saweeblycom /mol K Fes O g FeOs = - 65 T = - < Og Oaq Og Og Og < 0 < 0 Ol COs > Og COl C6O6s C6O6aq Og Og Og > 0 > 0 > 0 > 0 5 http// saweeblycom

13 COl COaq ClFg Fg ClFg Mgs Og MgOs Ng Naq http// saweeblycom g Ng Ng KClOs - K aq NO aq 9 C8l Fes Zn C 6 O 6s 5O g C8s aq Fe aq Zns 6CO g 6 O g T T G G G G > 0 G < 0 G > 0 http// saweeblycom

14 G http// saweeblycom 680 C -00 C 586 E 7 J 06 J/g C E E85 % 0 E85 % g D 660 C 6 J/g C D C 00 C 0897 J/g C C FFV = -759 T = 7 K = -76 T = 55 K = 65 T = 88 K = 5 T = 65 K = -05 T = 98 K = - J/g C 80 B 0870 J/g C B = = -68 J/K = 8 J/K = -55 J/K = -55 J/K 557 J/K = -50 J/K 7 A 00 g 0 J/g C A C 5O E85 FFV % 85 E85 % 5 E85 E85 FFV % 90 % 85 E85 % a b c d e http// saweeblycom

15 98 K 98 K Fe O Al s -85 J/mol K Fe s Al O -855 /mol http// saweeblycom - - C O - C - 6 /mol 98 K - 66 J/K CO O O J/mol K -907 /mol c O l 98 K - 95 KJ CO O l C c COg g KJ c C Brl Cu COg = 89 J/K = -88 J/K =? KJ Brg 8s 8Os Og Os 8s Os Cu -97 J/mol K -08 J/mol K 8Og Og 8Og Abouelela http// saweeblycom - - Mr-ami O O g O O O O - 97 KJ 98 KJ O

16 http// saweeblycom C O CO º = - 9 O O º = - 7 C C º = - 88 C O CO O C C O C6 O 7O O C O 8 C 9 C=0 0 NO5 O O N O CO O CO O CO C88 6 kg º = - 95 º = O º = - 8 C º = - 9 º = - 95 º = - N 5O O º = -858 NO NO º = C88 NO5 º = - 7 kj º C6 mol º http// saweeblycom g Ig 5 k J Ig